Azevedo, G. H. F., Griswold, C. E. & Santos, A. J. (2018b). Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae). Cladistics 34(6): 579-626. doi:10.1111/cla.12226 -- Show included taxa

Bryant, E. B. (1908). List of the Araneina. In: Fauna of New England, 9. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 7, 1-105. -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. (1922). The North American spiders of the family Gnaphosidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 35: 145-171. -- Show included taxa

Comstock, J. H. (1912). The spider book. A manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City/New York, 721 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3163 -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1890). New England spiders of the families Drassidae, Agalenidae and Dysderidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 166-206, pl. 3-8. -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 -- Show included taxa

Heiss, J. S. & Allen, R. T. (1986). The Gnaphosidae of Arkansas. Bulletin, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas 885: 1-67. -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1832). On North American spiders. Silliman's Journal of Science and Arts 21: 99-122. -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1847). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5: 443-479, pl. 23-24, 30-31. -- Show included taxa

Jiménez, M. L., Palacios-Cardiel, C. & Chávez-Lara, I. D. (2020). Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Medanos of Samalayuca, Chihuahua and new records of species for Mexico. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.) 36(e3612205): 1-23. doi:10.21829/azm.2020.3612205 -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. -- Show included taxa

Keyserling, E. (1887b). Neue Spinnen aus America. VII. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 37: 421-490, pl. 6. -- Show included taxa

Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire 1, i-xii, 1-92; 2, i-ii, 93-605. -- Show included taxa

Paquin, P. & Dupérré, N. (2003). Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Supplement 11: 1-251. -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1977b). A revision of the spider genera Herpyllus and Scotophaeus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159: 1-44. -- Show included taxa

Platnick, N. I. & Dondale, C. D. (1992). The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 19. The ground spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication 1875: 1-297. -- Show included taxa

Roewer, C. F. (1951). Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 32: 437-456. -- Show included taxa

Ubick, D. & Roth, V. D. (1973a). Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states. American Arachnology 9(suppl. 2): 1-12. -- Show included taxa

Walckenaer, C. A. (1837). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., pl. 1-15. [plates in second pdf] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61095 -- Show included taxa