World Spider Catalog

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on relationships, see Michalik & Hormiga, 2010: 7; re-synonymization of Pimoidae (Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix) not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here; Sinopimoidae Li & Wunderlich, 2008 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0112] synonymyized with Linyphiidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 245; resurrection of Sinopimoidae by Wunderlich, 2020b: 20 is not accepted here, because Dimitrov et al., 2017 was not taken into account; re-elevation of Sinopimoidae to family level by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 343 not accepted here (by majority vote of the WSC boards); the current status of Sinopimoidae is also maintained for reasons of stability and we wait for a probable confirmation or rejection of this resurrection; Tian et al., 2022 show five subfamilies: Linyphiinae (incl. Mynogleninae Lehtinen, 1967: 250 and Dubiaraneinae Millidge, 1993c: 145), Erigoninae Emerton, 1882: 7, Micronetinae Hull, 1920a: 8, Ipainae Saaristo, 2007b: 34 and Stemonyphantinae Wunderlich, 1986: 120; da Silva-Moreira, Kulkarni & Hormiga, 2025: 60-62 list resp. newly circumscribe six subfamilies: Erigoninae, Lepthyphantinae Simon, 1929: 562, Linyphiinae (syn. nov.: Dubiaraneinae), Mynogleninae, Pocobletinae Silva-Moreira & Hormiga, 2025: 61 (new subfamily) and Stemonyphantinae, state Ipainae and Micronetinae to be polyphyletic, leave several linyphiid clades unranked and also several genera as incertae sedis.

Gen. Frontinella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00982

N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Linyphia Latreille, 1804 (without comment) by Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 1; the proposed synonymy of Frontinellina van Helsdingen, 1969 by Breitling, 2021: 21 is not followed here.

Transferred to other genera:

Frontinella humilis (Franganillo, 1926) -- see Florinda

Frontinella vicina (Franganillo, 1926) -- see Florinda

In synonymy:

Frontinella caudata Gertsch & Davis, 1946 = Frontinella tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 (Ibarra-Núñez et al., 2001: 382)

Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850) = Frontinella pyramitela (Walckenaer, 1841) (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 81)

Frontinella lepidula Gertsch & Davis, 1946 = Frontinella tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 (Ibarra-Núñez et al., 2001: 382)

Frontinella bella Bryant, 1948 | | Hispaniola urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010620

Frontinella bella Bryant, 1948b: 386, f. 67 (Df) Original description

Frontinella huachuca Gertsch & Davis, 1946 | | USA, Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010623

Frontinella huachuca Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 2, f. 4-5 (Dmf) Original description

Frontinella huachuca Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2014: 67, f. 1B (m)

Frontinella huachuca benevola Gertsch & Davis, 1946 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010624

Frontinella huachuca benevola Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 3, f. 1-3 (Dmf) Original description

Frontinella hubeiensis Li & Song, 1993 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010625

Frontinella hubeiensis Li & Song, 1993: 252, f. 4A-I (Dmf) Original description

Frontinella hubeiensis Li, Song & Zhu, 1994: 78, f. 1-2 (f)

Frontinella hubeiensis Song & Li, 1997: 406, f. 9A-I (mf)

Frontinella hubeiensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 169, f. 95H-I, L-M (mf)

Frontinella laeta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010626

Linyphia laeta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 261, pl. 35, f. 10-11 (Dmf) Original description

Frontinella laeta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 421, pl. 40, f. 1-2 (mf)

Frontinella omega Kraus, 1955 | | El Salvador urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010628

Frontinella omega Kraus, 1955b: 20, f. 49-50 (Df) Original description

Frontinella potosia Gertsch & Davis, 1946 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010629

Frontinella potosia Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 3, f. 7-9 (Dmf) Original description

Frontinella pyramitela (Walckenaer, 1841) | | North, Central America urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049627

Linyphia pyramitela Walckenaer, 1841: 261 (Df) Original description

Linyphia communis Hentz, 1850: 28, pl. 4, f. 4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010622]

Linyphia communis Emerton, 1882: 62, pl. 18, f. 2 (f, Dm)

Linyphia communis Keyserling, 1886b: 78, pl. 13, f. 175 (mf)

Linyphia communis Tullgren, 1901a: 6, pl. 1, f. 3 (f)

Linyphia communis Emerton, 1902: 138, f. 322-324 (mf)

Frontinella communis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 422

Frontinella communis Blauvelt, 1936: 145, pl. 13, f. 90-94, pl. 14, f. 95 (mf)

Frontinella communis Muma, 1943: 74, pl. XIII, f. 8-9 (mf)

Frontinella pyramitela Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 81 (T from Linyphia, S of F. communis)

Frontinella communis Kaston, 1948: 120, f. 254-260 (mf) [mentions also F. pyramitela]

Frontinella communis Millidge, 1984b: 237, f. 3, 30 (f)

Frontinella pyramitela Breene et al., 1993: 111, f. 178A-C (mf)

Frontinella pyramitela Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 138, f. 1528-1530 (mf)

Frontinella pyramitela Gómez-Rodríguez & Salazar, 2012: 3, f. I.6A-D (mf)

Frontinella pyramitela Jiménez et al., 2018: 6, f. 13-15 (m)

Frontinella tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:011447

Frontinella tibialis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 422, pl. 40, f. 7 (Dm) Original description

Linyphia tibialis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 255

Frontinella caudata Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 4, f. 6 (Df)

Frontinella lepidula Gertsch & Davis, 1946: 4, f. 10-11 (Dm)

Frontinella tibialis Ibarra-Núñez et al., 2001: 382, f. 1-10 (Tm from Linyphia, Sf)

Frontinella zhui Li & Song, 1993 | | China urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010630

Frontinella zhui Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 863, f. 20A-F (f)

Frontinella zhui Li & Song, 1993: 254, f. 5A-F (Df) Original description

Frontinella zhui Li, Song & Zhu, 1994: 78, f. 5-6 (f)

Frontinella zhui Song & Li, 1997: 407, f. 10A-F (f)

Frontinella zhui Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 169, f. 95J-K (f)

Frontinella zhui Yin et al., 2012: 488, f. 224a-c (f)

Frontinella zhui Fu, Xu & Chen, 2016: 71, f. 1A-G, 2A-F (Dm, f)

Frontinella zhui Fu, 2018: 36, f. 5-3.A-C, pl. 8 (mf)

Frontinella zhui Irfan et al., 2025a: 58, f. 73A-B, 74A-C, 75A-D (mf)