World Spider Catalog

Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: for comments on the monophyly and relationships of many genera see Huber, 1998d and Huber, 2000; the division of Pholcidae into five subfamilies, Ninetinae Simon, 1890, Arteminae Simon, 1893, Modisiminae Simon, 1893, Smeringopinae Simon, 1893 and Pholcinae, is confirmed by Huber, Eberle & Dimitrov, 2018; two additional subfamilies are described by Meng et al., 2026: 99, 113 (Caipirinae Meng, Carvalho, Podsiadlowski & Huber, 2026 and Physocyclinae Meng, Carvalho, Podsiadlowski & Huber, 2026).

Gen. Holocnemus Simon, 1873 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00388

type Holocnemus rivulatus Simon, 1873; gender masculine; syn. of Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763)

Transferred to other genera:

Holocnemus aurouxi Barrientos, 2019 -- see Maghreba

Holocnemus culiculus Simon, 1898 -- see Cenemus

Holocnemus longipes Spassky, 1934 -- see Hoplopholcus

In synonymy:

Holocnemus barbarus (Lucas, 1846, T from Pholcus) = Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) (Simon, 1873a: 49, sub Holocnemus rivulatus)

Holocnemus impressus (C. L. Koch, 1837, T from Pholcus) = Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) (Simon, 1873a: 49, sub Holocnemus rivulatus)

Holocnemus rivulatus (Forsskål, 1775) = Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) (Simon, 1866a: 122, sub Pholcus)

Holocnemus ruralis (Blackwall, 1858, T from Pholcus) = Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) (Simon, 1873a: 49, sub Holocnemus rivulatus)

Nomen nudum:

Holocnemus acuminatus Franganillo, 1925: 35 (Spain) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053778] -- Huber, 2022: 38, no description

Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820) | | Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Morocco urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003404

Pholcus caudatus Dufour, 1820c: 208, pl. 76, f. 2 (Dmf) Original description

Pholcus caudatus Simon, 1866a: 123, pl. 2, f. 12-13

Holocnemus caudatus Simon, 1873a: 49

Holocnemus caudatus Benhadi-Marín et al., 2013: 75, f. 2A1-3 (mf)

Holocnemus caudatus Breitling, 2020: 352, f. 26A-D (mf)

Holocnemus caudatus Huber, 2022: 38, f. 97-128 (mf)

Holocnemus caudatus Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2025: 141, f. 84M-P (f)

Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933 | | Portugal, Spain urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003406

Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933: 243, f. 1, 2c, 4-8 (Dmf) Original description

Holocnemus hispanicus Timm, 1976: 70, f. 3-4 (m)

Holocnemus hispanicus Huber, 2000: 10, f. 5, 97

Holocnemus hispanicus Le Peru, 2011: 152, f. 181 (mf)

Holocnemus hispanicus Benhadi-Marín et al., 2013: 75, f. 2B1-3 (mf)

Holocnemus hispanicus Lecigne, 2017: 34, f. 11A-C (mf)

Holocnemus hispanicus Breitling, 2020: 352, f. 26E-F (mf)

Holocnemus hispanicus Huber, 2022: 46, f. 129-162 (mf)

Holocnemus hispanicus Cortés-Fossati & Martín-Rodríguez, 2022b: 134, f. 1B (m)

Holocnemus hispanicus Wunderlich, 2024b: 15, f. 23-30 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) | | Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Middle East. Introduced to USA, Argentina, Japan, Australia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:003407 TYPE SPECIES

Aranea pluchii Scopoli, 1763: 404 (D) Original description

Aranea rivulata Forsskål, 1775: 86, pl. 24 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066228]

Aranea rivulata Forsskål, 1776: 7, pl. 24, f. F

Pholcus rivulatus Audouin, 1826: 358, pl. 3, f. 12 (Dm)

Pholcus impressus C. L. Koch, 1837a: 99, f. 313 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066229]

Pholcus barbarus Lucas, 1846: 237, pl. 15, f. 1 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066230]

Pholcus ruralis Blackwall, 1858a: 432 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066231]

Pholcus pluchii Simon, 1866a: 122, pl. 2, f. 11 (f, S of Pholcus rivulatus)

Holocnemus rivulatus Simon, 1873a: 49 (S of Pholcus barbarus, P. impressus and P. ruralis)

Holocnemus rivulatus Simon, 1874a: 256, pl. 4, f. 16 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Simon, 1914: 237, 240

Holocnemus pluchei Kratochvíl, 1932a: 2, f. 1-4 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Wiehle, 1933: 242, f. 2a

Holocnemus pluchei Kratochvíl, 1940: 8, f. 1b, d

Holocnemus pluchei Brignoli, 1971b: 82, f. 1-6 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchii Timm, 1976: 70, f. 1-2 (m)

Holocnemus pluchii Wunderlich, 1980a: 227, f. 31-32 (m)

Holocnemus pluchei Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 40, f. 80 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Baldacchino et al., 1993: 41, f. 1b-c (m)

Holocnemus pluchei Huber, 1995c: 291, f. 1A, 2A-B, 4A-B, 6A-D, 7A-C, 10A (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Huber, 2000: 12, f. 14, 120, 176 (m)

Holocnemus pluchei Van Keer & Van Keer, 2001: 83, f. 3.1-6 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Kovács, Szinetár & Eichardt, 2006: 9, f. 1-3 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Le Peru, 2011: 152, f. 182 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Benhadi-Marín et al., 2013: 75, f. 2C1-3 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Ponomarev, Snegovaya & Shmatko, 2019: 233, f. 2-4 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Lecigne, 2020: 50, pl. 1H-I, ph. 3 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Kumada, 2021: 17, f. 1-9 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Huber, 2022: 9, f. 5-6, 13-58 (mf)

Holocnemus pluchei Zarikian, Propistsova & Marusik, 2022: 113, f. 8A-F (f)

Holocnemus pluchei Zarikian, 2022a: 759, f. 1 (f)

Holocnemus pluchei Ichikawa, 2025b: 41, f. 1-4 (mf)

Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) | | Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053779

Pholcus reini C. Koch, 1873: 113 (Dm) Original description

Pholcus reini Roewer, 1955c: 1627 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium)

Holocnemus reini Huber, 2022: 29, f. 7-8, 59-96 (m, Df, T from Pholcus, removed from nomen dubium)

Holocnemus reini Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2023: 66, f. 18a-i (mf)