World Spider Catalog

Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Hadrotarsidae Thorell, 1881: 190 (sub Hadrotarsoidae, removed from the synonymy of Oonopidae by Roewer, 1963a: 122, rejecting Roewer, 1942a: 287) by Forster, Platnick & Coddington, 1990: 111 (per Wunderlich, 1978a: 25 and Wunderlich, 1986: 95, rejecting Baert, 1984a: 615 and Davies, 1985: 67), who recognized an expanded Hadrotarsinae as well as a separate subfamily Spintharinae Simon, 1894a: 512 (sub Spinthareae); the subfamily Theonoeinae Simon, 1894a: 586 (sub Theonoeae) (synonym Pholcommatinae Simon, 1894a: 589, sub Pholcommateae), which include Theonoe Simon, 1881, Carniella Thaler & Steinberger, 1988, Robertus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 and Pholcomma Thorell, 1869, is circumscribed by Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 51; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 also mention the subfamilies Argyrodinae Simon, 1881a: 14 (sub Argyrodini) and Latrodectinae Petrunkevitch, 1928: 117 (junior synyonym of Dipoeninae Simon, 1894a: 561, sub Dipoeneae).

Gen. Kochiura Archer, 1950 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03637

type Theridion aulicum C. L. Koch, 1838; gender feminine

N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Anelosimus Simon, 1891 by Agnarsson, 2004: 476, contra Levi, 1956b: 412; for a rejected transfer of K. virgulata (Nicolet, 1849) out of the synonymy of K. ocellata (Nicolet, 1849), see Lycosa fernandezi.

Transferred to other genera:

Kochiura episinoides (Levi, 1963) -- see Chrosiothes

In synonymy:

Kochiura barrosi (Mello-Leitão, 1951, T from Conopistha) = Kochiura attrita (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1963f: 40, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura bucculenta (Nicolet, 1849) = Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 9, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura chiloensis (Levi, 1963) = Kochiura ocellata (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 11, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura concinna (Blackwall, 1870) = Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Simon, 1914: 293, sub Theridion)

Kochiura delicata (Blackwall, 1870) = Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Simon, 1914: 293, sub Theridion)

Kochiura elegans (Blackwall, 1862) = Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Simon, 1881a: 95, sub Theridion)

Kochiura foliacea (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 9, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura gracilis (Keyserling, 1884) = Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 9, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura levipes (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura attrita (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1963c: 491, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura minuscula (Nicolet, 1849) = Kochiura attrita (Nicolet, 1849) (Simon, 1904e: 91, sub Theridion)

Kochiura opima (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 9, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura rubicunda (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 9, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura rufolineata (Lucas, 1846) = Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Simon, 1881a: 95, sub Theridion)

Kochiura spirifer (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863) = Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879d: 89, sub Theridion rufolineatum)

Kochiura virgulata (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura ocellata (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 11, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura viridis (Nicolet, 1849, T from Lithyphantes) = Kochiura ocellata (Nicolet, 1849) (Levi, 1967a: 11, sub Anelosimus)

Kochiura viridula (Nicolet, 1849, T from Theridion) = Kochiura ocellata (Nicolet, 1849) (Archer, 1963: 14, sub Lithyphantes viridis)

Kochiura attrita (Nicolet, 1849) | | Chile, Juan Fernandez Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006920

Theridion attritum Nicolet, 1849: 542 (Df) Original description

Theridion levipes Nicolet, 1849: 541 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060315]

Theridion minusculum Nicolet, 1849: 542 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060320]

Theridion attritum Simon, 1904e: 91 (S of Theridion minusculum)

Conopistha barrosi Mello-Leitão, 1951: 330, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060310]

Anelosimus attritus Levi, 1963c: 490 (T from Theridion, S of Theridion levipes, removed from S of Theridion [= Ero] spinipes, rejecting Simon, 1904e: 92)

Anelosimus attritus Levi, 1963f: 38, f. 14-19 (Dm, f, S of Conopistha barrosi)

Kochiura attrita Agnarsson, 2004: 476, f. 53B (T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) | | Madeira, Canary Is., Cape Verde, St. Helena, North Africa, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Jordan, Iran urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006921 TYPE SPECIES

Theridion aulicum C. L. Koch, 1838a: 115, f. 323 (Df) Original description

Theridion rufolineatum Lucas, 1846: 260, pl. 16, f. 10 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061073]

Steatoda aulica C. L. Koch, 1850: 17

Theridion elegans Blackwall, 1862a: 376 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061074]

Theridion spirafer O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863: 8574 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061075]

Theridion concinnum Blackwall, 1870b: 424, pl. 16, f. 10 (Df; preoccupied by Nicolet, 1849, see Theridion concinnum) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061076]

Theridion delicatum Blackwall, 1870b: 428, pl. 16, f. 11 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061077]

Theridion spirifer O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873b: 445, pl. 33, f. 9 (m, Df, specific epithet corrected)

Theridion rufolineatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879d: 89 (S of Theridion spirifer)

Theridion aulicum Simon, 1881a: 95 (S of Theridion elegans and T. rufolineatum)

Theridion aulicum Kulczyński, 1899: 374, pl. 7, f. 53

Theridion aulicum Bösenberg, 1902: 108, pl. 9, f. 135 (mf)

Theridion aulicum Simon, 1914: 293 (S of Theridion concinnum and T. delicatum Blackwall)

Theridion aulicum Wiehle, 1937: 139, f. 41-43 (mf)

Kochiura aulica Archer, 1950: 16, pl. 1, f. 3 (m, T from Theridion)

Theridion aulicum Locket & Millidge, 1953: 61, f. 41A-B (mf)

Anelosimus aulicum Levi, 1956b: 412

Theridium aulicum Tystshenko, 1971: 147, f. 393, 419 (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Levy & Amitai, 1982a: 124, f. 85-92 (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Roberts, 1985: 181, f. 80c (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 282, f. 757 (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Roberts, 1995: 281, f. (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Roberts, 1998: 294, f. (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Schmidt & Krause, 1998: 419, f. 1 (f)

Anelosimus aulicus Levy, 1998b: 135, f. 252-259 (mf)

Anelosimus aulicus Knoflach & Pfaller, 2004: 138, f. 21d-e, h, 24b (mf)

Kochiura aulica Agnarsson, 2004: 476, f. 51A-E, 93G, J (mf, T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura aulica Saaristo, 2006: 64, f. 43-44 (mf)

Kochiura aulica Agnarsson, 2006b: 582, f. 55F (m)

Kochiura aulica Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 362, f. 99-103 (m)

Kochiura aulica Wunderlich, 2008b: 363, f. 363, f. 453 (m)

Kochiura aulica Saaristo, 2010: 257, f. 37.81-82 (mf)

Kochiura aulica Le Peru, 2011: 455, f. 740 (mf)

Kochiura aulica Lecigne, 2011: 56, f. P77-82 (m)

Kochiura aulica Rozwałka, Dawidowicz & Wawer, 2017: 62, f. 1-2 (m)

Kochiura aulica Lecigne, 2020: 50, pl. 1J (f)

Kochiura aulica Vanuytven, 2021: 38, 169, f. A.25b, B.157, B.158a, B.159 (m)

Kochiura aulica Abdel-Ghani, Hassan & Sallam, 2023: 36, f. 21a-b (mf)

Kochiura casablanca (Levi, 1963) | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006924

Anelosimus casablanca Levi, 1963f: 37, f. 1-4 (Dmf) Original description

Kochiura casablanca Agnarsson, 2004: 476 (T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura decolorata (Keyserling, 1886) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006928

Theridion decoloratum Keyserling, 1886b: 234, pl. 20, f. 289 (Df) Original description

Theridion decoloratum Levi, 1963c: 562, f. 154-155 (f)

Anelosimus decoloratus Buckup & Marques, 1996: 47, f. 3-4, 10 (Dm, f, T from Theridion)

Kochiura decolorata Agnarsson, 2004: 476 (T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura ocellata (Nicolet, 1849) | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006947

Theridion ocellatum Nicolet, 1849: 532 (Dm) Original description

Theridion viride Nicolet, 1849: 536 (Df; preoccupied by Wider, 1834, see Nigma flavescens) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060321]

Theridion virgulatum Nicolet, 1849: 537 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060318]

Theridion viridulum Roewer, 1942a: 500 (replacement name for T. viride) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060319]

Lithyphantes viridis Archer, 1963: 14 (T from Theridion, S of Theridion virgulatum)

Anelosimus chiloensis Levi, 1963f: 41, f. 25-26 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060312]

Anelosimus ocellatus Levi, 1967a: 11, f. 6-7, 27 (mf, T from Theridion, S of Anelosimus chiloensis and Lithyphantes viridis = viridulus)

Kochiura ocellata Agnarsson, 2004: 476 (T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura olaup (Levi, 1963) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008576

Theridion olaup Levi, 1963c: 580, f. 236 (Dm) Original description

Kochiura olaup Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2010: 351, f. 12-13 (Df, T from Theridion)

Kochiura olaup Vanuytven, 2021: 170, f. B.158b (m)

Kochiura rosea (Nicolet, 1849) | | Chile, Juan Fernandez Is. urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006954

Theridion roseum Nicolet, 1849: 527, pl. 5, f. 14-14c (Dmf) Original description

Theridion rubicundum Nicolet, 1849: 530 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060317]

Theridion bucculentum Nicolet, 1849: 531 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060311]

Theridion opimum Nicolet, 1849: 534 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060316]

Theridion foliaceum Nicolet, 1849: 538 (Dmf; nomen oblitum by Sherwood, Blick & Ballarin, 2025: 50; homonym of Theridion foliaceum Hentz, 1850, see Spagnius foliaceus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060313]

Theridion gracile Keyserling, 1884a: 32, pl. 2, f. 16 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060314]

Theridion gracile Tullgren, 1902: 11, pl. 1, f. 3 (m)

Anelosimus bucculentus Levi, 1963c: 490 (T from Theridion)

Anelosimus gracilis Levi, 1963c: 491 (T from Theridion)

Anelosimus gracilus Levi, 1963f: 37, f. 5-13 (mf)

Anelosimus roseus Levi, 1967a: 9, f. 1-5 (T from Theridion, S of Anelosimus bucculentus, A. gracilis, Theridion foliaceum, T. opimum and T. rubicundum)

Kochiura rosea Agnarsson, 2004: 476, f. 52A-F, 53A, C-H, K (mf, T from Anelosimus)

Kochiura rosea Agnarsson, 2006b: 583, f. 56B (m)

Kochiura temuco (Levi, 1963) | | Chile urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006959

Anelosimus temuco Levi, 1963f: 44, f. 39-40 (Df) Original description

Kochiura temuco Agnarsson, 2004: 476 (T from Anelosimus)