Family: Araneidae Clerck, 1757 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0102] Detail
In synonymy:
Epeirella Mello-Leitão, 1941 = Eriophora Simon, 1864 (Levi, 2002: 562)
Gen. Eriophora Simon, 1864 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01476] Detail
type Epeira ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844; gender feminine
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Epeirella Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 149 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:1474] (type E. tucumana Mello-Leitão, 1941) by Levi, 2002: 562; see note under Pararaneus.
Transferred to other genera:
Eriophora aeronavis Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Parawixia
Eriophora albocincta (Mello-Leitão, 1945) -- see Alpaida
Eriophora annulata (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora astridae (Strand, 1917) -- see Plebs
Eriophora atriapiata (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Socca
Eriophora aurea (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs
Eriophora baotianmanensis (Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991) -- see Plebs
Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora bistriata (Rengger, 1836) -- see Parawixia
Eriophora blattea (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca
Eriophora brouni (Urquhart, 1885) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora burmeisteri (Holmberg, 1876) -- see Parawixia
Eriophora capitalis (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora collina (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora corrugatum (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca
Eriophora decorosa (Urquhart, 1894) -- see Acroaspis
Eriophora flava Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora flavicoma (Simon, 1880) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora flavomaculata (Yaginuma, 1955) -- see Plebs
Eriophora helveoguttata (Urquhart, 1888) -- see Socca
Eriophora heroine (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora himalayaensis (Tikader, 1975) -- see Plebs
Eriophora leucisca (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Socca
Eriophora migra Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora mulleola (Urquhart, 1888) -- see Socca
Eriophora oblitera (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca
Eriophora oculosa Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Araneus
Eriophora ostribrunnea (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Socca
Eriophora pinea (Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990) -- see Plebs
Eriophora plumiopedella (Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987) -- see Plebs
Eriophora pocillator (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Socca
Eriophora poecila (Zhu & Wang, 1994) -- see Plebs
Eriophora producta (L. Koch, 1867) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Socca
Eriophora sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs
Eriophora shaanxiensis Zhu & Wang, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora simulata (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Socca
Eriophora thyridota (Thorell, 1870) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora tokachiana (Saito, 1934) -- see Plebs
Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora tricentra Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora tubulofaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Micrepeira
Eriophora ventricosella (Roewer, 1942) -- see Backobourkia
Eriophora verrucosa (Walckenaer, 1841) -- see Socca
Eriophora viridis (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Hortophora
Eriophora wagenknechti Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Molinaranea
Eriophora wangi Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Plebs
Eriophora yanbaruensis Tanikawa, 2000 -- see Plebs
In synonymy:
Eriophora acacesiiformis (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = Eriophora nephiloides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
Eriophora argyronota (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Araneus) = Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
Eriophora balaustina (McCook, 1888, removed from S of E. circulata) = Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
Eriophora edax cauca (Strand, 1915) = Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1971b: 296).
Eriophora geayi (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 178).
Eriophora hispida (C. L. Koch, 1844, T from Araneus) = Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
Eriophora lineata (Franganillo, 1931, T from Araneus) = Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Alayón & Sherwood, 2022: 610).
Eriophora messalina (van Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus) = Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
Eriophora minax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) = Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
Eriophora musiva (van Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus) = Eriophora nephiloides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 179).
Eriophora nicaraguensis (Keyserling, 1885) = Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
Eriophora purpurascens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) = Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
Eriophora trapezoides (Karsch, 1879, T from Singa) = Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
Eriophora ursina (Keyserling, 1865) = Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
Eriophora variolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, removed from S of E. edax) = Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
Nomina dubia:
Eriophora bivariolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 27, pl. 6, f. 15, f, Guatemala) -- Levi, 1971b: 287.
Eriophora circulata (Walckenaer, 1841: 79, f, USA, French Guiana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971b: 286.
Eriophora fuliginea romboidalis (Franganillo, 1930: 25, f, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1971b: 292.
Eriophora fuliginea sanguinea (Franganillo, 1930: 25, f, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1971b: 292.
Eriophora nephiloides trapezoidalis (Franganillo, 1930: 30, f, 1946: 98, mf, Cuba, originally in Araneus) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
Eriophora nidificans (Hingston, 1932: 367, f, Guyana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
Eriophora tucumana (Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 149, pl. 7, f. 31, j, Brazil, originally in Epeirella) -- Levi, 2002: 562.
Eriophora conica (Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987) | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017160]
Zilla conica Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 63, f. 8-14 (Dmf).
Zilla conica Yin et al., 1997d: 398, f. 288a-g (mf).
Zilla conica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184L-M, 185A-B, M (mf).
Eriophora conica Yin et al., 2012: 680, f. 336a-g (Tmf from Zilla).
Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) | m f | USA to Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015878]
Epeira edax Blackwall, 1863a: 30 (Dmf).
Eriophora edax Banks, 1909a: 210.
Araneus edax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Aranea edax cauca Strand, 1916b: 111 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056548].
Eriophora edax Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 325, f. 205-207 (mf).
Araneus argyronotus Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 111, f. 14 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056546].
Eriophora edax Bryant, 1948a: 62, f. 7 (f).
Araniella geayi Caporiacco, 1954: 104, f. 24 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056549].
Eriophora edax Levi, 1971b: 296, f. 35-48 (mf, S of Eriophora edax cauca).
Araneus geayi Levi, 1974b: 293 (T from Araniella).
Eriophora edax Levi, 1991a: 177-178 (S of Araneus argyronotus and A. geayi).
Eriophora edax Levi, 2002: 541, f. 112-113 (f).
Eriophora fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) | m f | Honduras to Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015880]
Epeira fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1838: 58, f. 375 (Df).
Epeira hispida C. L. Koch, 1844: 71, f. 889 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055054].
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1865: 822, pl. 19, f. 3-5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055057].
Epeira trapezoides Karsch, 1879h: 107 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055056].
Epeira messalina van Hasselt, 1888: 181, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055053].
Epeira purpurascens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 33, pl. 7, f. 4-5 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055055].
Epeira purpurescens Keyserling, 1893: 226, pl. 11, f. 168 (mf).
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1893: 229, pl. 11, f. 170 (f).
Araneus fuligineus Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus hispidus Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus messalina Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus purpurascens Simon, 1898i: 873.
Eriophora purpurascens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 463, pl. 43, f. 14-15 (mf).
Araneus trapezoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319.
Araneus ursinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
Eriophora ursina Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 254 (T from Araneus).
Singa trapezoides Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 260 (T from Araneus).
Eriophora fuliginea Levi, 1971b: 290, f. 25-34 (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus hispidus, A. messalina, Eriophora purpurascens, E. ursina, Singa trapezoides).
Eriophora fuliginea Levi, 2002: 547, f. 192 (m).
Eriophora nephiloides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) | m f | Guatemala to Guyana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015882]
Epeira musiva van Hasselt, 1888: 184, pl. 5, f. 5-7 (Df; nomen oblitum per Levi, 1991a: 179) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055059].
Epeira nephiloides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 32, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Df).
Epeira nephiloides Keyserling, 1893: 222, pl. 11, f. 165 (f).
Epeira nephiloides McCook, 1894: 190, pl. 14, f. 5-6, pl. 22, f. 3 (f).
Aranea nephiloides F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 48, f. 22 (f).
Eriophora nephiloides Banks, 1909a: 210.
Araneus musivus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 305.
Araneus nephiloides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Araneus acacesiiformis Caporiacco, 1954: 108, f. 27, 27a (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055058].
Eriophora nephiloides Levi, 1971b: 298, f. 49-58 (f, Dm).
Eriophora nephiloides Levi, 1991a: 177-179 (S of of Araneus acacesiiformis and A. musivus).
Eriophora neufvilleorum (Lessert, 1930) | m f | Congo, Ethiopia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015883]
Araneus neufvilleorum Lessert, 1930: 641, f. 17-18 (Dmf).
Eriophora neufvilleorum Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus).
Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) * | m f | USA to Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015886]
Epeira ravilla C. L. Koch, 1844: 73, f. 890 (Df).
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1885: 532, pl. 13, f. 31 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056551].
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1888b: 198 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056547].
Epeira variolata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 46, pl. 6, f. 14 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056552].
Epeira bivariolata Keyserling, 1892: 100, pl. 5, f. 74 (m, using nomen dubium).
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1893: 214, pl. 10, f. 159 (f).
Epeira minax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 112, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056550].
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1894: 155, pl. 4, f. 2 (f).
Epeira bivariolata McCook, 1894: 159, pl. 5, f. 5-6 (mf, using nomen dubium).
Epeira ravilla McCook, 1894: 161, pl. 5, f. 7 (f, Dm).
Eustala variolata Simon, 1898i: 873.
Eriophora variolata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464.
Eriophora minax F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 3 (f).
Epeira bivariolata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 1-2 (mf, using nomen dubium).
Eriophora ravilla F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 465.
Aranea nicaraguensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
Eriophora balaustina Banks, 1909b: 161.
Aranea circulata Comstock, 1910: 177, f. 16-19 (m; cf. Levi, 1971b: 287).
Araneus balaustinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 281.
Araneus minax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
Araneus nicaraguensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Araneus ravillus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Araneus variolatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
Araneus lineatus Franganillo, 1931c: 288 (D; preoccupied by Clerck, 1757, see Enoplognatha ovata) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014985].
Eriophora circulata Comstock, 1940: 117, 517, f. 108-111, 538 (m).
Eriophora nicaraguensis Mello-Leitão, 1948: 164 (T from Araneus).
Eriophora ravilla Levi, 1971b: 286, f. 7-24 (mf, S of Eriophora balaustina, E. minax, E. nicaraguensis and E. variolata).
Eriophora ravilla Edwards, 1986: 1, f. 1-2 (m).
Eriophora ravilla Breene et al., 1993: 103, f. 154A-D (mf).
Eriophora ravilla Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020: 1017, f. 21E, 24C-D, 26D, 32B, 38A, 46C, 47D, 51C, 54D, 58B, 60C, 62C, 64C, 74A-F, 102B, 108A-F (mf).
Eriophora ravilla Alayón & Sherwood, 2022: 610 (S of Araneus lineatus).
Eriophora virgata Piza, 1976 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055231]
Eriophora virgata Piza, 1976d: 143, 1 f. (habitus) (Df).
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