Family: Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0058] Detail
In synonymy:
Botryogaster Doleschall, 1859 = Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 (Lehtinen, 2016: 152, 'an application to validate the younger name is in preparation')
Cladonotula Strand, 1929 = Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 (Petrunkevitch, 1928: 215, automatically with the replaced name Cladonotus)
Cladonotus Thorell, 1877 = Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 (Petrunkevitch, 1928: 215)
Ornithoscatoides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884 = Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 (Thorell, 1890a: 35, by transfer of the type species)
Phrynoides Simon, 1864 = Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 (Thorell, 1869: 37, preoccupied, replacement name)
Gen. Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02730] Detail
type Thomisus rugosus Walckenaer, 1805; gender feminine
N.B.: replacement name for Phrynoides Simon, 1864: 437 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05330], preocuppied in Amphibia by Fitzinger, 1842 (sub Phrynoidis); considered a synonym of Ornithoscatoides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884a: 198 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05897] (type Thomisus decipiens Forbes, 1884) by Thorell, 1890a: 35 (by transfer of the type species); considered a junior synonym of Botryogaster Doleschall, 1859: 59 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05331] (type B. coerulescens Doleschall, 1859) by Lehtinen, 2016: 152 ('an application to validate the younger name is in preparation'); considered a senior synonym of Cladonotula Strand, 1929: 17 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05333] by Petrunkevitch, 1928: 215 (sub Cladonotus); Cladonotula is a replacement name for Cladonotus Thorell, 1877a: 306 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05332] (type C. jobiensis Thorell, 1877), preoccupied in Orthoptera by Saussure, 1812, and is regarded as a sister group of Phrynarachne by Lehtinen, 2016: 152.
In synonymy:
Phrynarachne nigra (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884) = Phrynarachne ceylonica (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884) (Ono, 1988c: 25).
Nomina dubia:
Phrynarachne rugosa infernalis Strand, 1907d: 735, 1907o: 83 (j, Madagascar/Nosy Be Is.) -- Nentwig et al., 2019: 47.
Phrynarachne sinensis Peng, Yin & Kim, 2004: 21, f. 1-3 (f, China) -- Lin et al., 2022b: 86.
Nomina nuda:
Phrynarachne formosana Kishida, 1959: 373 (Japan/Okinawa, Taiwan) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054946] -- Yaginuma, in Brignoli, 1983c: 605.
Phrynarachne honshiensis Kishida, 1935 (Japan) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058641] -- Yaginuma, in Brignoli, 1983c: 605, and Ono, 1988c: 211 (nomen nudum; as Kishida, in Uyemura, 1935, Kishu Doshokubutsu, Shirahama, 2(2), p. 27; but there is no paper of Uyemura, 1935 in the WSC)..
Phrynarachne aspera Thorell, 1895 | f | Myanmar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030984]
Phrynarachne papulata aspera Thorell, 1895b: 307 (Df).
Phrynarachne aspera Sherwood, Lin & Li, 2022: 67, f. 1A-F (f, elevated to species level from subspecies of Phrynarachne papulata).
Phrynarachne bimaculata Thorell, 1895 | m | Myanmar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030966]
Phrynarachne bimaculata Thorell, 1895b: 308 (Dm).
Phrynarachne bimaculata Sherwood, Lin & Li, 2022: 69, f. 2A-F (m).
Phrynarachne brevis Tang & Li, 2010 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043687]
Phrynarachne brevis Tang & Li, 2010b: 49, f. 35A-D, 36A-B (Dm).
Phrynarachne brevis Lin et al., 2022b: 71, f. 1A, 6A-B, 18A (Df).
Phrynarachne ceylonica (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884) | m f | India, Sri Lanka to China, Taiwan, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030967]
Ornithoscatoides ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884a: 201, pl. 15, f. 3 (Df).
Ornithoscatoides nigra O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884a: 202, pl. 15, f. 4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056744].
Phrynarachne ceylonica Thorell, 1891: 97.
Phrynarachne ceylonica Simon, 1895a: 1043, f. 1087.
Phrynarachne nigra Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Phrynarachne ceylonica Ono, 1988c: 25, f. 11-17 (mf, S of Phrynarachne nigra).
Phrynarachne ceylonica Zhu & Song, 2006: 549, f. 1-5 (mf).
Phrynarachne ceylonica Ono, 2009a: 504, f. 50-55 (mf).
Phrynarachne ceylonica Das, Kalita & Mahanta, 2019: 986, f. 1A-B, 2-7 (f).
Phrynarachne ceylonica Dash & Sivaperuman, 2021a: 50, f. 2a-d, 3a-b (f).
Phrynarachne cheesmanae (Berland, 1938) | f | Vanuatu     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031128]
Stephanopis cheesmanae Berland, 1938: 132, f. 7-9 (Df).
Phrynarachne cheesmanae Machado, Teixeira & Milledge, 2019: 274 (T from Stephanopis).
Phrynarachne clavigera Simon, 1903 | f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030968]
Phrynarachne clavigera Simon, 1903b: 137 (Df).
Phrynarachne clavigera Lehtinen, 2016: 152 (belongs to an undescribed genus related to Demogenes).
Phrynarachne coerulescens (Doleschall, 1859) | f | Indonesia (Java)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030969]
Botryogaster coerulescens Doleschall, 1859: 59, pl. 12, f. 7 (Df).
Bothryogaster coerulescens Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Phrynarachne cucullata Simon, 1886 | f | Cambodia, Vietnam, Moluccas     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030970]
Phrynarachne cucullata Simon, 1886b: 178 (Df).
Phrynarachne decipiens (Forbes, 1884) | f | India, Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030971]
Thomisus decipiens Forbes, 1884: 586, pl. 51 (Df).
Ornithoscatoides decipiens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884a: 199, pl. 15, f. 1 (f).
Phrynarachne decipiens Thorell, 1890b: 63.
Phrynarachne decipiens Workman, 1896: 92, pl. 92 (f).
Thomisus decipiens Jacobson, 1921: 186, pl. 12, f. 1-4 (f).
Phrynarachne decipiens Das et al., 2024: 63, f. 1-10 (f).
Phrynarachne dissimilis (Doleschall, 1859) | f | Indonesia (Java)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030972]
Thomisus dissimilis Doleschall, 1859: 58, pl. 11, f. 9 (Df).
Phrynarachne dissimilis Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Phrynarachne dreepy Lin & Li, 2022 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053724]
Phrynarachne dreepy Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2022b: 74, f. 3A-C, 7A-B, 8A-B, 18C-D (Dmf).
Phrynarachne fatalis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 | j | Sri Lanka     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030973]
Phrynarachne fatalis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899b: 525, pl. 30, f. 70 (Dj).
Phrynarachne fatalis Sherwood, 2024b: 215 (immature, species inquirenda).
Phrynarachne gracilipes Pavesi, 1895 | f | Ethiopia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030974]
Phrynarachne gracilipes Pavesi, 1895a: 517 (Df).
Phrynarachne huangshanensis Li, Chen & Song, 1985 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030975]
Phrynarachne huangshanensis Li, Chen & Song, 1985: 73, f. 1-2 (Df).
Phrynarachne huangshanensis Song & Zhu, 1997: 25, f. 11A-B (f).
Phrynarachne huangshanensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 485, f. 281D (f).
Phrynarachne huangshanensis Lin et al., 2022b: 76, f. 5A-B, 9A-B, 10A-B, 17A, 18B (Dm, f).
Phrynarachne jobiensis (Thorell, 1877) | m f | New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030976]
Cladonotus jobiensis Thorell, 1877a: 306 (Df).
Phrynarachne jobiensis Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Cladonotula jobiensis Strand, 1929: 17 (generic replacement name).
Cladonotula jobiensis Lehtinen, 2016: 152, f. 2g,l (Dm).
Phrynarachne kannegieteri van Hasselt, 1893 | f | Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030977]
Phrynarachne kannegieterii van Hasselt, 1893: 154 (Df).
Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955 | m f | China, Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030978]
Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955: 35, f. 4A-G, pl. 1 (Df, species attributed to Kishida, which means in this case Kishida had confirmed it, Ono in litt.).
Phrynarachne katoi Yaginuma, 1986a: 210, f. 116.6 (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Ono, 1988c: 28, f. 18-26 (f, Dm).
Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1989b: 140, f. 10 (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Feng, 1990: 183, f. 158.1-5 (mf).
Phrynarachne katoi Zhang et al., 2000: 36, f. 1A-B (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Pan & Zhang, 2001: 16, f. 1-2 (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Kim & Gwon, 2001: 38, f. 54-57 (mf).
Phrynarachne katoi Namkung, 2002: 536, f. 42.19a (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Namkung, 2003: 539, f. 42.19a (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Ono, 2009a: 504, f. 56-62 (mf).
Phrynarachne katoi Yin et al., 2012: 1264, f. 679a-c (f).
Phrynarachne katoi Kim & Lee, 2012a: 37, f. 14A-G, pl. 12 (mf).
Phrynarachne lancea Tang & Li, 2010 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043688]
Phrynarachne lancea Tang & Li, 2010b: 53, f. 37A-D, 38A-B (Dm).
Phrynarachne lancea Lin et al., 2022b: 81, f. 11A-B, 19A (Df).
Phrynarachne mammillata Song, 1990 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030979]
Phrynarachne mammillata Song, in Song & Chai, 1990: 364, f. 1A-D (Df).
Phrynarachne mammillata Song & Li, 1997: 427, f. 33A-D (f).
Phrynarachne mammillata Song & Zhu, 1997: 26, f. 12A-D (f).
Phrynarachne mammillata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 485, f. 275F-G, 281E (f).
Phrynarachne mammillata Lin et al., 2022b: 81, f. 12A-B, 13A-B, 17B, 19B (Dm, f).
Phrynarachne marmorata Pocock, 1900 | f | Equatorial Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030980]
Phrynarachne marmorata Pocock, 1900g: 880, pl. 56, f. 14 (Df).
Phrynarachne melloleitaoi Lessert, 1933 | m f | Angola, South Africa, Lesotho     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030981]
Phrynarachne mello-leitaoi Lessert, 1933: 121, f. 38-44 (Dmf).
Phrynarachne melloleitaoi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020v: 43, 42: 1 f., 43: 6 f. (mf).
Phrynarachne melloleitaoi Dippenaar-Schoeman & Wiese, 2022: 15, f. 1-12 (mf).
Phrynarachne olivacea Jézéquel, 1964 | f | Ivory Coast     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030982]
Phrynarachne olivacea Jézéquel, 1964c: 1133, f. 38-39 (Df).
Phrynarachne papulata Thorell, 1891 | f | Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030983]
Phrynarachne papulata Thorell, 1891: 95 (Df).
Phrynarachne peeliana (Stoliczka, 1869) | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030985]
Thomisus peelianus Stoliczka, 1869: 229, pl. 20, f. 4 (Df).
Phrynarachne peeliana Simon, 1895a: 1044.
Phrynarachne peeliana Roy et al., 2010: 545, f. 7-13, 15 (f).
Phrynarachne pusiola Simon, 1903 | f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030986]
Phrynarachne pusiola Simon, 1903b: 137 (Df).
Phrynarachne pusiola Lehtinen, 2016: 152 (belongs to an undescribed genus related to Demogenes).
Phrynarachne rothschildi Pocock, 1903 | f | Sri Lanka     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030987]
Phrynarachne rothschildi Pocock, in Pocock & Rothschild, 1903: 48, pl. 10, f. 1-6 (Df).
Phrynarachne rubroperlata Simon, 1907 | f | West Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030988]
Phrynarachne rubroperlata Simon, 1907d: 320 (Df).
Phrynarachne rugosa (Walckenaer, 1805) * | m f | West Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Zambia, Malawi, South Africa, Madagascar, Reunion, Mauritius     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030989]
Thomisus rugosus Walckenaer, 1805: 33 (D).
Thomisus rugosus Latreille, 1819: vol. 34, p. 42 (D).
Thomisus rugosus Walckenaer, 1837: 513 (D).
Thomisus foka Vinson, 1863: 71, 303, pl. 14, f. 4 (Df).
Phrynoides foka Simon, 1864: 437.
Phrynoides rugosa Simon, 1864: 437.
Phrynarachne rugosa Thorell, 1869: 37.
Phrynarachne foka Thorell, 1875e: 144 (Dm).
Phrynarachne rugosa Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Phrynarachne rugosa Pocock, 1898e: 444.
Phrynarachne rugosa Thorell, 1899: 75.
Phrynarachne vinsoni Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 312 (D).
Phrynarachne rugosa Ledoux, 2004a: 176, f. 18, 19A-E (mf).
Phrynarachne rugosa Lehtinen, 2016: 154, f. 2a,b,e,f,i (mf).
Phrynarachne rugosa Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020v: 44, 42: 2 f., 44: 6 f. (mf).
Phrynarachne rugosa Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2024c: 27, f. 1-19 (mf).
Phrynarachne rugosa spongicolorata Millot, 1942 | f | Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030991]
Phrynarachne rugosa spongicolorata Millot, 1942: 59, f. 28A-E (Df).
Phrynarachne tuberculata Rainbow, 1899 | f | New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030992]
Phrynarachne tuberculata Rainbow, 1899a: 113, f. 2 (Df).
Phrynarachne tuberosa (Blackwall, 1864) | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030993]
Thomisus tuberosus Blackwall, 1864b: 38 (Df).
Ornithoscatoides tuberosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884a: 200, pl. 15, f. 2 (Df).
Phrynarachne tuberosa Simon, 1895a: 1045.
Phrynarachne tuberosa Roy et al., 2010: 544, f. 1-6, 14 (f).
Phrynarachne tuberosula (Karsch, 1880) | m | West Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:030994]
Thomisus tuberosulus Karsch, 1880b: 145 (Dm).
Phrynarachne tuberosula Lessert, 1919: 188.
Phrynarachne xuxiake Lin & Li, 2022 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053725]
Phrynarachne xuxiake Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2022b: 86, f. 1B, 14A-B, 19C (Df).
Phrynarachne xuxiake Yu & Lin, 2024: 44, f. 1, 2A-B, 3A-B (Dm).
Phrynarachne yunhui Lin & Li, 2022 | f | China (Hainan)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053726]
Phrynarachne yunhui Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2022b: 92, f. 15A-B, 19D (Df).
Phrynarachne zhengzhongi Lin & Li, 2022 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053727]
Phrynarachne zhengzhongi Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2022b: 92, f. 16A-B, 20A-B (Df).
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