Last updated June 22, 2009

N.B.: elevated to family level and relimited by Kuntner, 2006: 24, both actions regarded as dubious by Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2009: 21 (see also Álvarez-Padilla et al., 2009).

N.B.: Clytaetra is an unjustified emendation; transferred here from the Tetragnathidae by Kuntner, 2006: 24.

mf clathrata Simon, 1907....................West Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013583]
C. c. Simon, 1907d: 283 (Df).
C. c. Kuntner, 2006: 26, f. 1A-E, 2A-D, 3A-F, 4A-F, 5A-F (f, Dm).

mf episinoides Simon, 1889 *....................Comoro Is. [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013584]
C. e. Simon, 1889b: 226 (Df).
C. e. Simon, 1894a: 756, f. 834 (f).
C. e. Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 211, f. 6 (m).
C. e. Kuntner, 2006: 36, f. 12A-G, 13A-D, 14A-F, 15A-F, 16A-F, 17A-F, 18A-F (mf).
C. e. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 169, f. 10D-E, J-K (mf).

mf irenae Kuntner, 2006....................South Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039993]
C. i. Kuntner, 2006: 32, f. 7A-D, 8A-C, 9A-F, 10A-F, 11A-F (Dmf).
C. i. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 169, f. 10A-C, F-H (mf).

mf perroti Simon, 1894....................Madagascar [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013585]
C. p. Simon, 1894a: 756 (Df).
C. episinoides Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 330, f. 9D-E (m, misidentified).
C. p. Kuntner, 2006: 42, f. 19A-F, 20A-G, 21A-F, 22A-F, 23A-F, 24A-F (f, Dm).
C. p. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 169, f. 10I (f).

f simoni Benoit, 1962....................Congo [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013586]
C. s. Benoit, 1962b: 222, f. 4-6 (Df).
C. s. Kuntner, 2006: 29, f. 6A-C (f).

f thisbe Simon, 1903....................Sri Lanka [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013587]
C. t. Simon, 1903d: 24 (Df).
C. t. Kuntner, 2006: 51, f. 25A-C (f).

N.B.: placed in Araneidae by Wunderlich, 2004g: 964; ; transferred here from the Tetragnathidae by Kuntner, 2006: 24 (see also Kuntner, 2005a: 391).

In synonymy:
H. mollis Thorell, 1887 = H. multipuncta (Doleschall, 1859) (Kuntner, 2005a: 397).
H. sampitana Karsch, 1880 = H. multipuncta (Doleschall, 1859) (Kuntner, 2005a: 397).

f agnarssoni Kuntner, 2005....................Solomon Is. [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039994]
H. a. Kuntner, 2005a: 401, f. 16A-C (Df).

mf deelemanae Kuntner, 2005....................Borneo [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039995]
H. d. Kuntner, 2005a: 402, f. 17A-C (Dmf).

mf etruscilla Kuntner, 2005....................Java [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039996]
H. e. Kuntner, 2005a: 405, f. 18A-D, 19A-F, 20A-F, 21A-F, 22A-F, 23A-F, 24A-F, 25A-C, 26A-B (Dmf).

f gagamba Kuntner, 2005....................Philippines [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039997]
H. g. Kuntner, 2005a: 408, f. 27C-D (Df).

f jernej Kuntner, 2005....................Sumatra [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039998]
H. j. Kuntner, 2005a: 411, f. 27E (Df).

f milleri Kuntner, 2005....................New Guinea, New Britain [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039999]
H. m. Kuntner, 2005a: 412, f. 16D-G (Df).

mf multipuncta (Doleschall, 1859) *....................India to China, Borneo, Sulawesi [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039408]
Epeira ornatissima Doleschall, 1859: 32, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira m. Doleschall, 1859: 32, pl. 11, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira mammillaris Stoliczka, 1869: 236, pl. 20, f. 12 (Df).
H. m. Thorell, 1877b: 371 (S, first reviser).
H. sampitana Karsch, 1880c: 381 (Df).
H. mollis Thorell, 1887: 166 (Df).
H. ornatissima Simon, 1894a: 759, f. 828, 835 (f, Dm).
H. ornatissima Tikader, 1982a: 106, f. 202-204 (f).
H. ornatissima Feng, 1990: 86, f. 61.1-6 (mf).
H. ornatissima Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 334, f. 11A-B, E-F (m).
H. ornatissima Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 213, f. 120P-R (mf).
H. ornatissima Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 71, f. 31A-H, pl. IVA-D (mf).
H. m. Kuntner, 2005a: 397, f. 1A-G, 2A-D, 3A-C, 4A-E, 5A-F, 6A-F, 7A-F, 8A-F, 9A-F, 10A-F, 11A-F, 12A-F, 13A-F, 14A-C, 15 (mf, S).
H. m. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 168, f. 9A-E, I-L (mf).

f oz Kuntner, 2005....................Northern Territory [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:040000]
H. o. Kuntner, 2005a: 413, f. 28A-C (Df).

mf papuana Thorell, 1881....................New Guinea [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013661]
H. p. Thorell, 1881: 77 (Df).
H. ornatissima Chrysanthus, 1971: 41, f. 85-86 (f, misidentified).
H. p. Kuntner, 2005a: 415, f. 29A-C, 30A-E (f, Dm).
H. p. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 168, f. 9F-H (m).

f sonja Kuntner, 2005....................Kalimantan, Sulawesi [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:040001]
H. s. Kuntner, 2005a: 418, f. 27A-B (Df).

f tone Kuntner, 2005....................Philippines [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:040002]
H. t. Kuntner, 2005a: 420, f. 31A-E (Df).

N.B.: may be a senior synonym of Heterargiope Kishida, 1931 (see under Argiope maja); placed in Araneidae by Wunderlich, 2004g: 960; transferred here from the Tetragnathidae by Kuntner, 2006: 24.

Transferred to other genera:
N. sulphurea Taczanowski, 1873 -- see Alpaida under Araneidae.

In synonymy:
N. adelaidensis Hogg, 1910 = N. edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440).
N. aerea (Hogg, 1896, T from Meta) = N. edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440).
N. ambigua Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = N. antipodiana (walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436).
N. celebesiana Strand, 1915 = N. antipodiana (walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436).
N. chacoensis Badcock, 1932 (removed from S of N. clavipes) = N. sexpunctata Giebel, 1867 (Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, contra Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 40).
N. clavata cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963 = N. clavata L. Koch, 1878 (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75).
N. clavatoides Schenkel, 1953 = N. clavata L. Koch, 1878 (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75).
N. dolabella Thorell, 1899 (removed from S of N. fenestrata venusta) = N. turneri Blackwall, 1833 (Benoit, 1962a: 227).
N. dubia Badcock, 1932 (removed from S of N. clavipes) = N. sexpunctata Giebel, 1867 (Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, contra Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 40).
N. fontanae Holmberg, 1876 = N. sexpunctata Giebel, 1867 (Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321).
N. inaurata seychellensis Canard, 1975 = N. inaurata madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) (Benoit, 1978f: 673).
N. laurinae novaemecklenburgiae (Strand, 1911) = N. antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436).
N. meridionalis Hogg, 1910 = N. edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440).
N. meridionalis hermitis Hogg, 1914 = N. edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440).
N. nigritarsis insulicola Pocock, 1900 (removed from S of N. plumipes) = N. antipodiana (walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436).
N. picta Rainbow, 1896 (removed from S of N. plumipes) = N. edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440).
N. pictithorax Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes annulipes Thorell, 1881 = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes flavornata Merian, 1911 = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes hasselti (Doleschall, 1859) = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes jalorensis (Simon, 1901) = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes lauterbachi (Dahl, 1912) = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes novaeguineae (Strand, 1906) = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes piscatorum Vis, 1911 = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. pilipes walckenaeri (Doleschall, 1857) = N. pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 423).
N. prolixa L. Koch, 1872 (removed from S of N. plumipes) = N. tetragnathoides (Walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 434).
N. sarasinorum Merian, 1911 = N. antipodiana (walckenaer, 1842) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436).
N. senegalensis boehmi Dahl, 1912 = N. senegalensis bragantina Brito Capello, 1867 (Benoit, 1962b: 227).
N. thomensis Benoit, 1963 = N. clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (Levi, 1980a: 18).

mf antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1842)....................China, Philippines to New Guinea, Solomon Is., Queensland [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013938]
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 93 (Df).
N. ornata Blackwall, 1864b: 43 (Df).
N. baeri Simon, 1877b: 82 (Df).
N. holmerae Thorell, 1881: 141 (Df).
N. nigritarsis insulicola Pocock, 1900b: 160 (D).
N. imperialis novae-mecklenburgiae Strand, 1911b: 204 (Df).
N. ambigua Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 464, pl. 20, f. 41-42 (Dmf).
N. sarasinorum Merian, 1911: 198, pl. 9, f. 10-11 (Df).
N. a. Dahl, 1912a: 35, 59, 61.
N. celebesiana Strand, 1915d: 206, pl. 13, f. 12-13, pl. 16, f. 50 (Df).
N. a. Yin et al., 1990: 2, f. 1-5 (mf).
N. a. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 563, f. 348a-h (f).
N. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124I, L, S, 125A (mf).
N. a. Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, f. 3, 6, 60-72 (mf, S).
N. a. Kim, Park & Lee, 2007: 123, f. 1a-d (f).

mf clavata L. Koch, 1878....................India to Japan [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013940]
N. c. L. Koch, 1878c: 741, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
N. limbata Thorell, 1898: 335 (Df).
N. obnubila Simon, 1906c: 308 (Df).
N. c. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 190, pl. 3, f. 11, pl. 11, f. 217 (f, Dm).
N. c. Dahl, 1912a: 35, 73.
N. clavatoides Schenkel, 1953b: 27, f. 14a-b (Dmf).
N. c. cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963: 134, f. 78 (Df).
N. c. Hikichi, 1977: 154, f. 42 (f).
N. c. Tikader, 1982a: 102, f. 195-197 (f).
N. c. cavalierei Brignoli, 1983c: 241 (lapsus).
N. c. Hu, 1984: 119, f. 119.1-3 (mf).
N. c. Zhu et al., 1985: 84, f. 72a-c (f).
N. c. Chikuni, 1989b: 80, f. 51 (mf).
N. c. Feng, 1990: 96, f. 71.1-3 (mf).
N. c. Chen & Gao, 1990: 69, f. 88a-b (mf).
N. c. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 110, f. 104.1-3 (mf).
N. c. Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 58, f. 12, 37, 59 (mf).
N. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124M-N, 125B-C (mf).
N. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 167, f. 97A-B (mf).
N. c. Namkung, 2002: 232, f. 18.19a-b (mf).
N. c. Kim & Cho, 2002: 318, f. 871-876 (mf).
N. c. Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75, f. 32A-K, pl. IVE-H (mf, S).
N. c. Namkung, 2003: 234, f. 18.19a-b (mf).
N. c. Tanikawa, 2007c: 94, f. 301-309, 764-765 (mf).
N. c. Kim, Ki & Park, 2008: 183, f. 6A-D (mf).

mf clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767)....................USA to Argentina, São Tomé [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013943]
Aranea c. Linnaeus, 1767: 1034 (Df).
Aranea spinimobilis Linnaeus, 1767: 1034 (D).
Aranea c. Fabricius, 1775: 437.
Aranea longimana Fabricius, 1781: 536 (Df).
Aranea c. Olivier, 1789: 201.
Aranea longimana Olivier, 1789: 232.
Epeira c. Hahn, 1821: 2, pl. 7, f. a-b (f).
Epeira c. Hahn, 1833a: 118, f. 89 (f, Dm).
N. plumipes C. L. Koch, 1839a: 138, f. 529 (f, misidentified).
Epeira plumipes Walckenaer, 1842: 99.
N. c. Taczanowski, 1873: 146.
N. wilderi McCook, 1894: 251, pl. 7, f. 1-2, pl. 23, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
N. wistariana McCook, 1894: 252, 255, pl. 23, f. 2-3, pl. 24, f. 1 (Dmf).
N. concolor McCook, 1894: 256, pl. 23, f. 1 (Df).
N. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 325, pl. 7, f. 1-4 (mf).
N. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 448, pl. 42, f. 23-24 (f).
N. c. Dahl, 1912a: 46, 73, 75.
N. c. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 247, f. 101-102 (mf).
N. c. Franganillo, 1931: 220, f. 12-14 (m).
N. c. Franganillo, 1936c: 96, f. 48-49 (m).
N. c. Archer, 1958: 2 (restricts nominate subspecies to Cuba and Hispaniola).
N. thomensis Benoit, 1963a: 371, f. 1-3 (Df).
N. c. Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 49 (f).
N. c. Levi, 1980a: 17, f. 23-43 (mf, S; Levi, 1980a: 22, apparently considered all described subspecies of this species, and the other described Neotropical taxa, as identical, but did not formally synonymize them).
N. c. Heimer, 1982: 44, f. 13 (m).
N. c. Schult, 1983b: 156, f. 1-3 (m).
N. c. Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 1-3, 7-10 (mf).
N. c. Roth, 1985: B6-6, f. 18, 67 (m).
N. c. Wunderlich, 1986: 79, f. 160-162 (m; erroneously claims this as the only Neotropical species listed in Roewer, but shows that more than one species is probably involved).
N. c. Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 45, f. 1-4 (mf).
N. c. Higgins, 1989: 748, f. 1-4 (mf).
N. c. Coddington, 1990: 17, f. 52 (m).
N. c. Nentwig, 1993: 122, f. 138a-b (m).
N. c. Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5G-I, 10A-C (m).
N. c. Ramos et al., 2005: 1993, f. 3B-C (mf).

mf clavipes fasciculata (De Geer, 1778)....................USA to Argentina [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013944]
Aranea f. De Geer, 1778: 316, pl. 39, f. 1-4 (Df).
N. f. C. L. Koch, 1838: 30, f. 354 (f).
N. c. C. L. Koch, 1838: 31, f. 355 (f).
N. c. McCook, 1894: 255, pl. 24, f. 1 (f).
N. c. f. Archer, 1958: 3, f. 1-2 (mf).

mf clavipes vespucea (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Argentina [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013945]
Epeira v. Walckenaer, 1842: 98 (Df).
Epeira janeira Walckenaer, 1842: 100 (Df).
Araneus janeirus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
N. vespuca Dahl, 1912a: 46, 74 (Dm).
N. riverai Brèthes, 1918: 216-218 (Df).

mf comorana Strand, 1916....................Comoro Is. [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013946]
N. c. Strand, 1916d: 120 (Dmf).
N. c. Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 206, f. 1-3 (mf).

mf constricta Karsch, 1879....................Tropical Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013948]
N. c. Karsch, 1879e: 834, pl. 11, f. 4 (Df).
N. lucasi Simon, 1887a: 270 (Df).
N. baculigera Thorell, 1899: 36 (Dm).
N. c. Dahl, 1912a: 42, 55.
N. c. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7D-E (m).

mf cornuta (Pallas, 1772)....................Guyana [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013947]
Aranea c. Pallas, 1772: 44, pl. 3, f. 13 (Df).
N. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 325, pl. 7, f. 5 (f).
N. clavipes c. Dahl, 1912a: 46, 74.
N. c. Archer, 1958: 3, f. 3-6 (f, Dm, elevated from subspecies of N. clavipes).

f dirangensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006....................India [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:040003]
N. d. Biswas & Biswas, 2006: 512, f. 11-13 (Df).

mf edulis (Labillardière, 1799)....................Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013949]
Aranea e. Labillardière, 1799: 239, pl. 12, f. 4-6 (Df).
Epeira e. Walckenaer, 1842: 93.
N. imperatrix L. Koch, 1872a: 159, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df).
N. e. Thorell, 1875e: 131.
N. eremiana Hogg, 1896: 318, pl. 24, f. 3 (Df).
Meta aerea Hogg, 1896: 320, pl. 24, f. 4-5 (Dm).
N. picta Rainbow, 1896a: 321, pl. 19, f. 1 (Df).
N. meridionalis Hogg, 1910b: 59, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
N. adelaidensis Hogg, 1910b: 61, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
N. e. Dahl, 1912a: 35, 69, 71.
N. meridionalis hermitis Hogg, 1914b: 72, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df).
N. e. Berland, 1931b: 670, f. 16-19 (f, Dm).
N. e. Uhl & Vollrath, 1998: 39, f. 1-4 (mf).
N. e. Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 439, f. 7, 12-18, 74-86 (mf, S).

f fenestrata Thorell, 1859....................South Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013950]
N. f. Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
N. pilipes f. Strand, 1907n: 608.
N. f. Dahl, 1912a: 42, 65, 67.
N. pilipes f. Benoit, 1962b: 225, 231 (subspecies range).
N. f. Fromhage & Schneider, 2006: 354, f. 1-2 (mf).

f fenestrata fuelleborni Dahl, 1912....................East Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013951]
N. f. f. Dahl, 1912a: 67 (Df).
N. pilipes fuelleborni Benoit, 1963b: 29 (removed from S of N. f. venusta).

mf fenestrata venusta (Blackwall, 1865)....................West, Central Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013952]
Epeira pilipes Lucas, 1858: 416 (40), pl. 13, f. 7 (f, misidentified).
N. v. Blackwall, 1865b: 345 (Df).
N. dasycnemis Gerstäcker, 1873: 498 (Df).
N. obsoleta Gerstäcker, 1873: 498 (Df).
N. f. v. Dahl, 1912a: 42, 66, 79 (m).
N. f. Lessert, 1936: 242, f. 38 (m).
N. pilipes pilipes Benoit, 1962b: 225, 231 (subspecies range).

mf inaurata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Mauritius, Rodriguez, Réunion [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013953]
Epeira i. Walckenaer, 1842: 94 (Df).
Epeira geniculata Walckenaer, 1842: 96 (Df).
Epeira i. Vinson, 1863: 183, 310, pl. 5, f. 1 (f).
Epeira nigra Vinson, 1863: 187, 311, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
N. ardentipes Butler, 1876b: 443 (Df).
N. ardentipes Butler, 1878a: 503, pl. 52, f. 1 (f).
N. nigra Strand, 1906h: 51.
Araneus geniculatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 293.
N. i. Dahl, 1912a: 57.
N. i. Derouet & Dresco, 1956: 9, f. 1-4 (m).
N. ardentipes Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7I-L (f).

mf inaurata madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863)....................South Africa to Seychelles [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013954]
Epeira m. Vinson, 1863: 191, 311, pl. 7, f. 1 (Df).
N. cothurnata Gerstäcker, 1873: 499 (Df).
N. argyrotoxa Gerstäcker, 1873: 502 (Df).
N. m. Thorell, 1875e: 134.
N. m. Karsch, 1879e: 841, pl. 11, f. 7-9 (Dm).
N. i. m. Dahl, 1912a: 57, 72.
N. m. Bonnet, 1929b: 513, pl. 2, f. 1-10 (mf).
N. m. Benoit, 1962a: 231 (elevated to species, rejected).
N. m. Wiehle, 1960c: 462, f. 7 (f).
N. m. Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 47, 50 (mf).
N. m. Wiehle, 1967c: 199, f. 13 (f).
N. i. seychellensis Canard, 1975: 778 (Df).
N. i. m. Benoit, 1978f: 673 (S).
N. i. Saaristo, 1978: 119, f. 203-210 (mf).
N. i. m. Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 6, 13-14 (mf).
N. i. m. Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 209, f. 4-5 (f).

f kuhlii Doleschall, 1859....................India to Sulawesi [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013955]
Epeira k. Doleschall, 1859: 27, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df).
N. k. Thorell, 1887: 150.
N. k. Tikader, 1982a: 104, f. 198-201 (removed f from S of N. pilipes).

mf laurinae Thorell, 1881....................China to Solomon Is. [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013956]
Epeira imperialis Doleschall, 1857: 413 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805).
Epeira imperialis Doleschall, 1859: 28, pl. 12, f. 2 (j).
N. imperialis Thorell, 1878b: 118.
N. l. Thorell, 1881: 142 (Df).
N. imperialis Dahl, 1912a: 36, 59 (Dm).
N. imperialis Liao, Chen & Song, 1984: 69, f. 1A-C (mf).
N. imperialis Song, 1987: 173, f. 133 (mf).
N. imperialis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124O-P, 125D (mf).
N. l. Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 78, f. 33A-I (mf).

mf pakistaniensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002....................Pakistan [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:040004]
N. p. Ghafoor & Beg, 2002a: 526, f. 2A-D (Dmf).

mf pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) *....................China, Philippines to Australia [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013960]
Aranea longipes Fabricius 1781: 545 (Df; preoccupied by Fuesslin, 1775).
Aranea maculata Fabricius, 1793: 424 (D, preoccupied by Olivier, 1789).
Aranea p. Fabricius, 1793: 425 (Df).
Aranea sebae Walckenaer, 1802: 55 (Df).
Epeira chrysogaster Walckenaer, 1805: 53 (D).
N. maculata Leach, 1815: 134, pl. 110 (f).
N. fuscipes C. L. Koch, 1839a: 136, f. 528 (Df).
Epeira chrysogaster Walckenaer, 1842: 92 (Df).
Epeira fuscipes Walckenaer, 1842: 97.
Epeira doreyana Walckenaer, 1842: 100 (Df).
Epeira caliginosa Walckenaer, 1842: 100 (Df).
N. ornata Adams, 1847: 291 (Df).
Epeira penicillum Doleschall, 1857: 413 (Df).
Epeira walckenaeri Doleschall, 1857: 413 (Df).
Epeira hasseltii Doleschall, 1859: 27, pl. 13, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira chrysogaster Doleschall, 1859: 27, pl. 14, f. 2, pl. 11, f. 2 (f).
Epeira walckenaeri Doleschall, 1859: pl. 1, f. 4, pl. 2, f. 4 (f).
Epeira harpyia Doleschall, 1859: 28, pl. 14, f. 1 (Df).
N. chrysogaster O. P.-Cambridge, 1871b: 620, pl. 49, f. 3-4 (f, Dm).
Meta ornata L. Koch, 1872a: 134, pl. 11, f. 6 (j).
N. fuscipes L. Koch, 1872a: 156, pl. 13, f. 1 (f).
N. pecuniosa L. Koch, 1872a: 157, pl. 13, f. 2 (Df).
N. aurosa L. Koch, 1872a: 160, pl. 13, f. 4 (Df).
N. procera L. Koch, 1872a: 162, pl. 14, f. 1 (Df).
N. sulphurosa L. Koch, 1872a: 163, pl. 14, f. 2 (Df).
N. tenuipes L. Koch, 1872a: 165, pl. 13, f. 5 (Df).
N. walckenaeri Thorell, 1877b: 447.
N. maculata annulipes Thorell, 1881: 146 (Df).
N. maculata McCook, 1894: 254, pl. 23, f. 4 (f).
N. maculata Simon, 1894a: 755, f. 832-833 (mf).
N. maculata jalorensis Simon, 1901k: 58 (Dj).
N. submaculata Strand, 1906c: 30 (Df).
N. maculata novae-guineae Strand, 1906d: 261 (Df).
N. maculata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 193, pl. 11, f. 208 (f).
N. pictithorax Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 469, pl. 20, f. 40 (Df).
N. maculata flavornata Merian, 1911: 195 (Df).
N. maculata piscatorum Vis, 1911: 167 (Df).
N. maculata Dahl, 1912a: 35, 52.
N. maculata lauterbachi Dahl, 1912a: 53 (Df).
N. maculata hasselti Hogg, 1915a: 440.
N. maculata walckenaeri Hogg, 1915a: 441.
N. maculata Saito, 1959: 117, f. 140a-d (f).
N. maculata Chrysanthus, 1959: 197, f. 2, 11, 24 (f).
N. maculata Chrysanthus, 1960: 23, f. 3-4 (m).
N. maculata Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 51 (f).
N. maculata Levi, 1980a: 17, f. 16-22 (mf).
N. maculata Tikader, 1982a: 97, f. 187-190 (f).
N. p. Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 4-5, 11-12 (mf).
N. maculata Wunderlich, 1986: 197, f. 163 (m).
N. maculata Song, 1987: 174, f. 134 (mf).
N. p. Barrion et al., 1988: 248, f. 1, 2a-e (f).
N. maculata Chikuni, 1989b: 80, f. 52 (mf).
N. maculata Hu & Wu, 1989: 106, f. 81.1-3 (mf).
N. maculata Feng, 1990: 97, f. 72.1-5 (mf).
N. maculata Chen & Zhang, 1991: 111, f. 105.1-4 (mf).
N. maculata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 560, f. 346a-c, 347a-e (mf).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124Q-R, 125E (mf).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 168, f. 98A-C (mf).
N. p. Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 82, f. 34A-F, 35A-C, pl. VA-D (mf).
N. maculata Kim, 2006: 203, f. 1a-c, 2a-e (mf).
N. maculata Gajbe, 2007: 510, f. 266-268 (f).
N. p. Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 422, f. 1-2, 4-5, 19-31 (mf, S).
N. p. Tanikawa, 2007c: 94, f. 310-315, 766-767 (mf).

f pilipes malagassa (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013966]
N. maculata m. Strand, 1907a: 533 (Df).
N. maculata m. Strand, 1907n: 609 (Df).

mf plumipes (Latreille, 1804)....................Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Is., New Ireland [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013971]
Aranea p. Latreille, 1804a: 275 (Df).
N. cunninghamii MacLeay, 1827: 468 (D).
N. venosa L. Koch, 1867b: 183 (Df).
N. victorialis L. Koch, 1872a: 150, pl. 12, f. 3 (Df).
N. nigritarsis L. Koch, 1872a: 152, pl. 12, f. 4 (Df).
N. flagellans L. Koch, 1872a: 153, pl. 12, f. 5-6 (Dmf, in part, see N. tetragnathoides).
N. venosa L. Koch, 1872a: 148, pl. 12, f. 1 (j).
N. labillardierii Thorell, 1875e: 130, pl. 25, f. 1-2 (Df).
N. p. Blackwall, 1877: 19, pl. 2, f. 13 (Dm).
N. insularis Keyserling, 1887a: 215, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df).
N. fletcheri Rainbow, 1895: 347, pl. 22, f. 1 (Df).
N. edwardsii Rainbow, 1895: 349, pl. 22, f. 2 (Df).
N. ventricosa Rainbow, 1895: 351, pl. 23, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
N. ornata Rainbow, 1896a: 320, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
N. p. Dahl, 1912a: 35, 60.
N. p. Berland, 1924a: 218, f. 121 (m).
N. p. Berland, 1931b: 671, f. 12-15 (mf).
N. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 42, f. 87-91 (mf).
N. p. Davies, 1988b: 296, f. 19 (mf).
N. p. Schneider, Thomas & Elgar, 2001: 410, f. 1 (m).
N. p. Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 429, f. 8-9, 33-45 (mf).

f robusta Tikader, 1962....................India [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013972]
N. r. Tikader, 1962b: 566 (Df).
N. r. Tikader, 1982a: 100, f. 191-194 (f).

mf senegalensis (Walckenaer, 1842)....................West Africa to Ethiopia [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013974]
Epeira s. Walckenaer, 1842: 94 (Df).
Epeira aubryi Lucas, 1858: 412 (36) (Df).
Epeira armillipes Doumerc, 1864: 231, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
N. grayii Blackwall, 1865a: 96 (Df).
N. aubryi Brito Capello, 1866: 85, pl. 2, f. 3 (Df).
N. s. Simon, 1886g: 371 (Dm).
N. s. calabarensis Strand, 1908c: 2 (Df).
N. s. Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69.
N. s. Berland, 1936: 84, f. 30 (m).
N. s. Clausen, 1987: 147, f. 1 (m).
N. s. Reiche, 1992: 10, f. 3 (m).
N. s. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7F-H (m).

mf senegalensis annulata (Thorell, 1859)....................Namibia, South Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013975]
N. a. Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
N. lineata Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
N. transvaalica Pocock, 1892c: 180, pl. 5, f. 4 (Df).
N. s. windhukensis Strand, 1906h: 52 (Df).
N. s. a. Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 72 (Dm).

mf senegalensis bragantina Brito Capello, 1867....................Central Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013976]
N. b. Brito Capello, 1867: 11, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
N. s. b. Dahl, 1912a: 43, 70, 72.
N. s. boehmi Dahl, 1912a: 69, 72 (Dmf).
N. s. b. Benoit, 1962b: 227 (S).

f senegalensis hildebrandti Dahl, 1912....................Madagascar [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013977]
N. s. h. Dahl, 1912a: 69, 72 (Df).

f senegalensis huebneri Dahl, 1912....................East Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013978]
N. s. h. Dahl, 1912a: 70, 72 (Df).

f senegalensis keyserlingi (Blackwall, 1865)....................Congo, East Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013979]
N. kyserlingii Blackwall, 1865b: 343 (Df).
N. hymenaea Gerstäcker, 1873: 497, pl. 18, f. 11 (Df).
N. s. k. Pocock, 1898e: 434.
N. s. k. Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 71.

f senegalensis nyikae Pocock, 1898....................East Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013980]
N. s. n. Pocock, 1898e: 435 (Df).

f senegalensis schweinfurthi Simon, 1890....................Yemen [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013981]
N. schweinfurthi Simon, 1890a: 105 (Df).
N. s. s. Canard & Dresco, 1975: 790, f. 1-4 (f, subspecific name removed from S of N. sumptuosa).

mf sexpunctata Giebel, 1867....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013982]
N. sexpunctata Giebel, 1867a: 325 (Df).
N. fontanae Holmberg, 1876: 18 (Df).
N. chacoensis Badcock, 1932: 16, f. 11 (Dmf; N.B.: omitted by Roewer).
N. dubia Badcock, 1932: 17 (Df).
N. sexpunctata Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 155, f. 51 (m).
N. s. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (removed f from S of N. clavipes vespucea, S).
N. s. Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, f. 5-15 (f, Sm).

mf sumptuosa Gerstäcker, 1873....................East Africa, Socotra [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013983]
N. s. Gerstäcker, 1873: 501, pl. 18, f. 12 (Df).
N. amoenula Gerstäcker, 1873: 500 (Df).
N. bennetti O. P.-Cambridge, 1898b: 387, pl. 31, f. 2 (Df).
N. s. Pocock, 1903g: 189, pl. 14, f. 2 (f, Dm).
N. s. Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 71 (Df).

mf tetragnathoides (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Fiji, Tonga, Niue [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013984]
Epeira tetragnatoides Walckenaer, 1842: 100 (Df, lapsus).
Epeira durvilla Walckenaer, 1842: 103 (Df).
N. prolixa L. Koch, 1872a: 149, pl. 12, f. 2 (Df).
N. t. Dahl, 1912a: 35, 60.
N. prolixa Strand, 1915d: 206, pl. 16, f. 49 (mf).
N. flagellans L. Koch, 1872a: 153, pl. 12, f. 5, 5a-b, 6, 6a (mf, in part, misidentified).
N. t. Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 434, f. 47-59 (f, Dm, S).

mf turneri Blackwall, 1833....................West, Central Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013985]
N. t. Blackwall, 1833: 350 (Df).
Epeira femoralis Lucas, 1858: 414, pl. 12, f. 4 (Df).
N. vittata Keyserling, 1864: 142, pl. 5, f. 1-2 (Df).
N. femoralis Pocock, 1899e: 848.
N. femoralis Simon, 1903e: 83 (Dm).
N. femoralis carbonaria Simon, 1903e: 83 (Df).
N. femoralis obscurascens Strand, 1906h: 5 (Df).
N. femoralis fuscipes Strand, 1906h: 50 (Df).
N. t. Dahl, 1912a: 42, 62, 79 (m).
N. dolabella Thorell, 1899: 37 (Dm).
N. t. Benoit, 1962b: 227 (S).
N. t. Canard & Dresco, 1975: 793, f. 5-9 (m).
N. t. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7A-C, M-N (mf).

f turneri orientalis Benoit, 1964....................Central, East Africa [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013986]
N. t. o. Benoit, 1964b: 317 (Df).

f vitiana (Walckenaer, 1847)....................Indonesia, Sulawesi, to Fiji, Tonga [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013987]
Epeira v. Walckenaer, 1847a: 471 (Df).
N. wallacei Thorell, 1877b: 449 (Df).
N. piepersii Thorell, 1877b: 451 (Df).
N. piepersii Merian, 1911: 197, pl. 9, f. 8-9.
N. v. Dahl, 1912a: 36, 59, 61.

N.B.: placed in Araneidae by Wunderlich, 2004g: 964; transferred here from the Tetragnathidae by Kuntner, 2006: 24.

Transferred to other genera:
N. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Eustala under Araneidae.

In synonymy:
N. andamanensis (Tikader, 1977, T from Metepeira) = N. malabarensis (Walckenaer, 1842) (Tikader, 1982a: 95).
N. borbonica livida (Vinson, 1863) = N. borbonica (Vinson, 1863) (Kuntner, 2007: 114).
N. cruentata chiloangensis Strand, 1919 = N. cruentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 49).
N. niahensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989 = N. malabarensis (Walckenaer, 1842) (Kuntner, 2007: 121).
N. rainbowi Hogg, 1899 (removed from the S of N. malabarensis) = N. papuana Thorell, 1881) (Kuntner, 2007: 127).

Nomen dubium:
N. kenmorei Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 565, f. 349a-j (f, Philippines) -- Kuntner, 2007: 132.

mf borbonica (Vinson, 1863)....................Madagascar, Comoro Is., Mascarene Is., Seychelles, Aldabra [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013988]
Epeira b. Vinson, 1863: 170, 309, pl. 4, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira livida Vinson, 1863: 175, 310, pl. 14, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila instigans Butler, 1876b: 442 (Df).
Nephila instigans Butler, 1878a: 504, pl. 52, f. 10 (f).
Nephila cruentata Lenz, 1891: 180, pl. 2, f. 19 (f, Dm, misidentified).
N. cruentata b. Dahl, 1912a: 77.
N. cruentata livida Dahl, 1912a: 77.
N. b. livida Benoit, 1963a: 368 (T from subspecies of N. cruentata).
N. b. Benoit, 1963a: 369 (elevated from subspecies of N. cruentata).
N. b. livida Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 209, f. 7-9 (mf).
N. b. Kuntner, 2007: 114, f. 13A-D, 14A-G, 15A-D, 16A-D, 17A-D (f, Sm).
N. b. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 167, f. 8D-G (m).

mf cruentata (Fabricius, 1775)....................Tropical Africa, South America [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013990]
Aranea c. Fabricius, 1775: 439 (Df).
Epeira diadela Walckenaer, 1842: 54 (Df).
Epeira brasiliensis Walckenaer, 1842: 101 (Df).
Epeira azzara Walckenaer, 1842: 102 (Df).
Nephila genualis Gerstäcker, 1873: 503 (Df).
Nephila borbonica mossambicensis Karsch, 1878a: 319, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Nephila brasiliensis Bertkau, 1880a: 83, pl. 2, f. 29 (f).
N. c. Simon, 1887a: 271.
Araneus diadelus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289.
N. c. Dahl, 1912a: 47, 77, 79 (Dm).
Nephila c. chiloangensis Strand, 1918: 109 (Df).
N. c. Lessert, 1936: 244, f. 39 (m).
N. c. Saaristo, 1978: 120, f. 211-223 (mf).
N. c. Roberts, 1983: 284, f. 222-224 (m).
N. c. Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 209, f. 10-11 (mf).
N. c. Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 48, f. 16-25 (mf, S).
N. c. Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5E-F, 12A-E (m).
N. c. Kuntner, 2007: 109, f. 1A-H, 2A-G, 3A-D, 4A-C, 5A-D, 6A-B, 7A-D, 8A-D, 9A-D, 10A-B (mf).
N. c. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 167, f. 8A-C, K-M (mf).

mf malabarensis (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................India to China, Philippines, Japan, Ambon [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:013993]
Epeira m. Walckenaer, 1842: 103 (Df).
Epeira anama Walckenaer, 1842: 102 (Df).
Epeira malabarica Doleschall, 1857: 420 (Df).
Epeira rhodosternon Doleschall, 1859: 40, pl. 12, f. 6 (Df).
Nephila rivulata O. P.-Cambridge, 1871b: 618, pl. 49, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
N. schmeltzii L. Koch, 1872a: 144, pl. 11, f. 7 (Df).
N. hofmanni L. Koch, 1872a: 145, pl. 11, f. 8 (Df).
N. m. Thorell, 1878b: 123 (m).
Nephila urna Hasselt, 1882: 28, pl. 4, f. 12-14 (Dm).
Nephila m. Simon, 1894a: 745, f. 827 (m).
Nephila m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 192, pl. 11, f. 216 (f).
Nephila m. Dahl, 1912a: 46, 49.
Nephila m. Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 48 (m).
Metepeira andamanensis Tikader, 1977a: 181, f. 12A-C (Df).
Nephila m. Tikader, 1982a: 95, f. 183-186 (f, S).
Nephila m. Millidge, 1988c: 258, f. 24 (m).
N. m. Davies, 1988b: 296, f. 20 (mf).
N. m. Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989a: 624, f. 11-14 (f).
N. niahensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989a: 626, f. 15-16 (Df).
Nephila m. Yin et al., 1990: 3, f. 6-9 (mf).
N. m. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 565, f. 350a-c (f).
N. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 125F-I (mf).
N. m. Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 85, f. 36A-H, 37A-D, pl. VE-H (mf).
N. m. Kuntner, 2007: 119, f. 22A-C, 23A-E, 24A-B (mf, S).
N. m. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 167, f. 8H-I (m).

mf papuana Thorell, 1881....................New Guinea, Queensland [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:039409]
N. malabarensis p. Thorell, 1881: 156 (Df).
N. rainbowi Hogg, 1899: 141, pl. 13, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila malabarensis Chrysanthus, 1959: 199, f. 4, 8, 28 (f, misidentified).
Nephila malabarensis Chrysanthus, 1971: 42, f. 92-93 (m, misidentified).
N. p. Kuntner, 2007: 127, f. 26A-E, 27A-C, 28A-D, 29A-D,30A-F, 31A-D, 32A-D (removed f from S of N. malabarensis, Sm).
N. p. Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 167, f. 8J, N-P (mf).