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Transferred to other families:
Andasta Simon, 1893 -- see Theridiosomatidae.
Atimiosa Simon, 1894 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Azilia Keyserling, 1882 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Billima Simon, 1908 -- see Theridion under Theridiidae.
Chorizopella Lawrence, 1947 -- see Theridiidae.
Chrysometa Simon, 1894 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Clitaetra Simon, 1888 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Cyathidea Simon, 1907 -- see Wendilgarda under Theridiosomatidae.
Cyatholipus Simon, 1894 -- see Cyatholipidae.
Deliochus Simon, 1894 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Diphya Nicolet, 1849 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Dolichognatha O. P.-Cambridge, 1869 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Epeirotypus O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 -- see Theridiosomatidae.
Gnolus Simon, 1879 -- see Mimetidae.
Helvidia Thorell, 1890 -- see Theridiidae.
Herennia Thorell, 1870 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Homalometa Simon, 1897 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Landana Simon, 1883 -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
Malkara Davies, 1980 -- see Malkaridae.
Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Metargyra F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Metella Fage, 1931 -- see Pimoa under Pimoidae.
Metimorpha Strand, 1906 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Mimicosa Petrunkevitch, 1925 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Nephila Leach, 1815 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Nephilengys L. Koch, 1871 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Nicholasia Bryant & Archer, 1940 -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
Ogulnius O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 -- see Theridiosomatidae.
Orsinome Thorell, 1890 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Paraebius Thorell, 1894 -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
Parameta Simon, 1895 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Parazilia Lessert, 1938 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Perilla Thorell, 1895 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Phonognatha Simon, 1894 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Phricotelus Simon, 1895 -- see Mysmenidae.
Prolochus Thorell, 1895 -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
Pseudometa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 -- see Chrysometa under Tetragnathidae.
Sancus Tullgren, 1910 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Selkirkiella Berland, 1924 -- see Anelosimus under Theridiidae.
Singafrotypa Benoit, 1962 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Singotypa Simon, 1894 -- see Phonognatha under Tetragnathidae.
Tecmessa O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 -- see Chthonos under Theridiosomatidae.
Theridiosoma O. P.-Cambridge, 1879 -- see Theridiosomatidae.
Timonoe Thorell, 1898 -- see Tetragnathidae.
Totua Keyserling, 1891 -- see Linyphiidae.
Trichursa Simon, 1908 -- see Dipoenura under Theridiidae.
Wendilgarda Keyserling, 1886 -- see Theridiosomatidae.
In synonymy:
Afraranea Archer, 1951 = Neoscona Simon, 1864 (Grasshoff, 1986: 4).
Allepeira Banks, 1932 = Mecynogea Simon, 1903 (Levi, 1968a: 322).
Amamrotypus Archer, 1951 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1973: 478).
Anawixia Chamberlin, 1916 = Wagneriana F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1991b: 370).
Aranea Linnaeus, 1758 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
Archemorus Simon, 1893 = Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 (Heimer, 1984a: 156).
Atea C. L. Koch, 1837 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1991a: 171).
Austrargiope Kishida, 1936 = Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Yaginuma, 1959c: 21).
Brachygea Caporiacco, 1947 = Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Levi, 1983: 258).
Bunocrania Thorell, 1878 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Levi, 1996b: 140).
Cambridgepeira Archer, 1951 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1973: 478).
Cathaistela Archer, 1958 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Yaginuma, 1959c: 28).
Chaetargiope Kishida, 1936 = Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Yaginuma, 1959c: 21).
Chinestela Chamberlin, 1924 = Neoscona Simon, 1864 (Archer, 1958: 17).
Coganargiope Kishida, 1936 = Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Yaginuma, 1959c: 21).
Conaranea Archer, 1951 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1973: 478).
Conepeira Archer, 1951 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1973: 478).
Cubanella Franganillo, 1926 = Neoscona Simon, 1864 (Berman & Levi, 1971: 469, after Bryant, 1940: 511).
Cyphepeira Archer, 1951 = Nuctenea Simon, 1864 (Levi, 1974b: 300).
Dicrostichus Simon, 1895 = Ordgarius Keyserling, 1886 (Davies, 1988b: 316).
Diotherisoma Caporiacco, 1947 = Bertrana Keyserling, 1884 (Levi, in Coddington, 1986: 6).
Drexelia McCook, 1892 = Larinia Simon, 1874 (Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 243, after Levi, 1975b: 102).
Heterargiope Kishida, 1936 = Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Yaginuma, 1959c: 21).
Ildibaha Keyserling, 1892 = Micrathena Sundevall, 1833 (Levi, 1985: 440).
Lariniacantha Archer, 1951 = Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388).
Larinopa Grasshoff, 1970 = Lipocrea Thorell, 1878 (Levy, 1986: 5).
Lobetina Simon, 1895 = Prasonica Simon, 1895 (Grasshoff, 1971b: 295).
Macpos Mello-Leitão, 1940 = Kaira O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1977b: 214).
Neosconella F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 = Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1973: 478).
Paraverrucosa Mello-Leitão, 1939 = Wagneriana F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1991b: 370, contra Archer, 1951a: 20).
Parazygia Caporiacco, 1955 = Cyclosa Menge, 1866 (Levi, 1977a: 73).
Parepeira Mello-Leitão, 1933 = Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388).
Paurotylus Tullgren, 1910 = Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 (Emerit, 1982c: 458).
Pickardiana Mello-Leitão, 1943 = Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1988: 472).
Pronarachne Mello-Leitão, 1937 = Kaira O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1977b: 214).
Salassina Simon, 1895 = Witica O. P.-Cambridge, 1895 (Levi, 1986b: 37).
Simonarachne Archer, 1951 = Eriovixia Archer, 1951 (Grasshoff, 1986: 118, contra Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36).
Subaraneus Caporiacco, 1948 = Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388).
Subedricus Caporiacco, 1954 = Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1976: 388).
Suzumia Nakatsudi, 1943 = Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 (Yaginuma, 1958b: 10).
Thaumastobella Mello-Leitão, 1945 = Micrathena Sundevall, 1833 (Scharff, 1991: 155).
Trichocharis Simon, 1895 = Caerostris Thorell, 1868 (Grasshoff, 1984: 727).
Zigana Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Pronous Keyserling, 1880 (Levi, 1995b: 168).
Homonyms replaced:
Anepsia L. Koch, 1871 -- see Anepsion.
Novakia Court and Forster, 1988 -- see Novakiella.
Thoracites Thorell, 1898 -- see Thorellina.
Nomen dubium:
A. peruviana Chamberlin, 1916: 244, pl. 18, f. 6 (f, Peru) -- Glueck, 1994: 73.
mf benigna Glueck, 1994....................Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
A. b. Glueck, 1994: 77, f. 23-27 (Dmf).
mf cornigera Petrunkevitch, 1925....................Mexico to Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana
A. c. Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 117, f. 32-41 (Dmf).
A. alticeps Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 54, pl. 16, f. 140 (Dj).
A. spinulosa Mello-Leitão, 1948: 158, f. 6 (Df).
A. pentagona Caporiacco, 1954: 87, f. 15, 15a-b (Df).
A. c. Glueck, 1994: 73, f. 2-3, 9-16 (mf, S).
mf graciosa Lise & Braul, 1996....................Brazil
A. g. Lise & Braul, 1996: 180, f. 1-17 (Dmf).
mf hamata (Hentz, 1847) *....................USA to Argentina
Epeira hamata Hentz, 1847: 474, pl. 31, f. 10 (Dm).
Epeira foliata Hentz, 1847: 475, pl. 31, f. 14 (Df).
Epeira foliata Emerton, 1884: 318, pl. 37, f. 6-10 (f, Dm).
Epeira folifera Marx, 1890: 545, 593 (D).
Epeira foliata McCook, 1894: 154, pl. 4, f. 7-8 (mf).
A. foliata Simon, 1895a: 795.
A. foliata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 502, pl. 48, f. 1-2 (mf).
Araneus hallucinor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296 (replacement name for Epeira hamata Hentz, thought preoccupied in Araneus by Araneus hamatus Clerck, now in Singa).
A. foliata Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 331, f. 213-214 (mf).
A. lanceolata Badcock, 1932: 20, f. 14 (Df).
A. foliata Comstock, 1940: 523, f. 546 (f).
A. h. Bryant, 1945a: 364 (S).
A. h. Kaston, 1948: 235, f. 705, 725-726 (m).
A. folifera Camargo, 1953: 306, f. 7, 35-38, 42-44 (m).
Araneus nigrolineatus Caporiacco, 1955: 357, f. 36a-b (Df).
A. h. Levi, 1976: 375, f. 74-87 (mf).
A. nigrolineata Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
A. h. Breene et al., 1993: 104, f. 157A-C (mf).
A. h. Glueck, 1994: 69, f. 1, 4-8 (mf, S).
A. h. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 15 (m).
mf villalobosi Glueck, 1994....................Brazil
A. v. Glueck, 1994: 79, f. 28-33 (Dmf).
mf yacuiensis Glueck, 1994....................Brazil, Argentina
A. y. Glueck, 1994: 75, f. 17-22 (Dmf).
f giltayi (Lessert, 1938)....................Congo, Madagascar
Acantharachne g. Lessert, 1938: 451, f. 38-40 (Df).
Acantharachne g. Emerit, 2000: 155, f. 17-18 (f).
f lesserti (Giltay, 1930)....................Congo
Acantharachne l. Giltay, 1930: 128, f. 1 (Df).
f madecassa (Emerit, 2000)....................Madagascar
Acantharachne m. Emerit, 2000: 153, f. 12-13 (Df).
f milloti (Emerit, 2000)....................Madagascar
Acantharachne m. Emerit, 2000: 154, f. 14-16 (Df).
f psyche (Strand, 1913)....................Central Africa
Acantharachne p. Strand, 1913a: 389 (Df).
f regalis (Hirst, 1925)....................Cameroon, Congo
Acantharachne r. Hirst, 1925a: 1271, f. 1 (Df).
f seydeli (Giltay, 1935)....................Congo
Acantharachne s. Giltay, 1935b: 10, f. 6 (Df).
Nomina dubia:
A. grisea (McCook, 1894: 195, pl. 13, f. 10, f, USA, originally in Marxia) -- Levi, 1976: 363.
A. moestella Roewer, 1942a: 777 (replacement name for Epeira moesta Keyserling, 1892: 108, pl. 5, f. 80, f, USA, preoccupied by Blackwall, 1865) -- Levi, 1976: 363 (but see McCook, 1894: 196, pl. 12, f. 11).
mf cherokee Levi, 1976....................USA
A. c. Levi, 1976: 366, f. 24, 29-35, 42-43 (Dmf).
A. c. Breene et al., 1993: 103, f. 153A-B (mf).
m labidura (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Brazil
Marxia l. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 184, f. 22 (Dm).
A. l. Brignoli, 1983c: 255.
mf marion Levi, 1976....................USA, Mexico
A. m. Levi, 1976: 368, f. 25, 36-41, 44 (Dmf).
mf stellata (Walckenaer, 1805) *....................Canada to Mexico
Epeira s. Walckenaer, 1805: 65 (Df).
Epeira nobilis Walckenaer, 1842: 119 (Df).
Epeira cerasiae Walckenaer, 1842: 119 (Df).
Epeira iris Walckenaer, 1842: 120 (Df).
Plectana s. Walckenaer, 1842: 171.
Epeira s. Hentz, 1850: 22, pl. 3, f. 12 (f).
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1864: 140, pl. 6, f. 24-25 (f).
Acrosoma stellatum Butler, 1873b: 427.
A. s. Marx, 1883: 22.
Epeira s. Emerton, 1884: 319, pl. 34, f. 17, pl. 37, f. 3-5 (f, Dm).
Cyrtarachne mexicana O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: pl. 14, f. 13 (f, nomen nudum).
Cyrtarachne dugesi O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 113 (Df).
Marxia nobilis McCook, 1894: 194, pl. 13, f. 7-9 (mf).
Marxia s. McCook, 1894: 193, pl. 12, f. 4-5 (mf).
Araneus s. Simon, 1895a: 801.
Epeira s. Emerton, 1902: 179, f. 419-420 (f).
Marxia s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 481, pl. 45, f. 21-22 (mf).
Araneus cerasiae Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
Araneus iris Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
A. s. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 105 (S).
A. s. Kaston, 1948: 234, f. 714-716, 734 (mf).
A. venusta Bryant, 1949c: 175, f. 4-5 (m, misidentified).
A. s. Levi, 1976: 364, f. 12-23 (mf, designated as type species).
A. s. Levi, 1978b: 10, f. 12-14 (m).
A. s. Breene et al., 1993: 103, f. 152A-C (mf).
mf venusta (Banks, 1896)....................USA, Cuba
Plectana v. Banks, 1896e: 69 (Df).
Araneus venustus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323 (assigned to subgenus Marxia).
A. v. Bryant, 1949c: 175, f. 1-3 (f, not m, f. 4-5, =A. stellata).
A. v. Levi, 1976: 369, f. 26-28, 45, 51-56 (f, Dm).
f tuberculifera Thorell, 1881....................Queensland
A. t. Thorell, 1881: 52 (Df).
f acrosomoides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)....................Madagascar
Gasteracantha a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 289, pl. 27, f. 19 (Df).
A. a. Emerit, 1974: 61, f. 20-21, 22A-C, 26C (Tf from Gasteracantha).
A. a. Emerit, 1982b: 154, f. 1.
mf linnaei (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................West, Central, East Africa
Plectana l. Walckenaer, 1842: 163 (Df).
Plectana inversa Walckenaer, 1842: 164 (Df).
Atelacantha heterodoxa Karsch, 1879a: 330 (Df).
Gasteracantha chaperi Simon, 1887a: 266 (Df).
Gasteracantha l. Dahl, 1914: 268.
A. l. Benoit, 1962a: 45, f. 30-31 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
A. l. Emerit, 1982c: 461, f. 3-4 (Dm).
f tetraedrus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Cameroon, Congo
Plectana tetraedra Walckenaer, 1842: 166 (Df).
Gasteracantha tetraedra Dahl, 1914: 269, f. 9 (f).
A. tetraedra Benoit, 1962a: 48, f. 33-34 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
f globulata (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................Sumatra, Java
Plectana g. Walckenaer, 1842: 151 (Df).
Gasteracantha g. Hasselt, 1882: 12.
A. g. Simon, 1864: 286.
mf pentacanthum (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................Colombia to Argentina
Plectana pentacantha Walckenaer, 1842: 170 (Df).
Acrosoma stelligerum Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df).
Acrosoma p. Butler, 1873b: 428.
Acrosoma pulcherrima Holmberg, 1876: 21 (Df).
A. p. Holmberg, 1883b: 237.
Cyrtarachne quinquespinosa Keyserling, 1892: 55, pl. 3, f. 44 (Dmf).
Araneus pentacanthus Simon, 1895a: 819, f. 869.
A. p. Levi, 1995b: 158, f. 1-12 (mf).
Transferred to other genera:
A. callaria Levi, 1991 -- see Amazonepeira.
A. tedgenica (Bakhvalov, 1978) -- see Neoscona.
In synonymy:
A. aculeata (Emerton, 1877, removed from S of A. carbonarioides) = A. packardi (Thorell, 1875).
A. armida canescens (Simon, 1908) = A. armida (Audouin, 1826) (Levy, 1998a: 329).
A. charitonovi (Ermolajew, 1928) = A. carbonarioides (Keyserling, 1892) (Marusik, Tarabaev & Litovchenko, 1991: 15).
A. cutucensis (Kraus, 1955, T from Araneus) = A. travassosi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Levi, 1991a: 298).
A. helvola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, T from Metazygia) = A. aculifera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1993a: 236).
A. hyperborea (Kulczyn'ski, 1908) = A. carbonarioides (Keyserling, 1892) (Marusik, Tarabaev & Litovchenko, 1991: 15).
A. karabagi (Karol, 1965, T from Araneus) = A. talishia (Zawadsky, 1902) (Levi, 1977b: 236, sub A. noseki).
A. kariae (Roewer, 1942, attributed to Strand, 1920, T from Araneus) = A. talishia (Zawadsky, 1902) (Levi, 1977b: 236, sub A. noseki).
A. lencoranicus (Bakhvalov, 1983, T from Araneus) = A. talishia (Zawadsky, 1902) (Marusik, 1985b: 137).
A. melloi (Brignoli, 1983, T from Araneus) = A. albovittata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) (Levi, 1991a: 303).
A. noseki (Strand, 1907) = A. talishia (Zawadsky, 1902) (Marusik, 1985b: 137).
A. sargi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, T from Araneus) = A. aculifera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 304).
A. septentrionalis (Kulczyn'ski, 1908, T from Araneus) = A. packardi (ThoreII, 1875) (Levi, 1977b: 228).
A. vachoni (Karol, 1964, T from Araneus) = A. ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802) (Levi, 1977b: 234).
A. vegae (Holm, 1970, T from Araneus) = A. carbonarioides (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1977b: 230).
A. verae Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = A. packardi (ThoreII, 1875) (Levi, 1977b: 228).
A. victoria (Thorell, 1870, T from Araneus) = A. armida (Audouin, 1826) (Drensky, 1943: 244, sub Araneus).
mf aculifera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................USA to Guatemala
Epeira a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 29, pl. 7, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira helvola O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 24, pl. 5, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Epeira sargi O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 28, pl. 6, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira sargi Keyserling, 1892: 123, pl. 6, f. 91 (f).
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1892: 207, pl. 10, f. 153 (f).
Epeira helvola Keyserling, 1893: 221, pl. 11, f. 164 (mf).
Aranea sargi F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 49, f. 2 (f).
Aranea a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 512, pl. 49, f. 5 (f).
Aranea helvola F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 513, pl. 49, f. 10 (mf).
Araneus aculiferus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277.
Araneus helvolus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296.
Araneus sargi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
Metazygia helvola Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 304, f. 566-577 (Tf from Araneus, S).
A. a. Levi, 1993a: 236, f. 28 (Sm).
f albovittata (Mello-Leitão, 1941)....................Paraguay, Argentina
Neosconella a. Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 214, f. 20 (Df, preoccupied in Araneus by Westring, 1851).
Araneus melloi Brignoli, 1983c: 263 (replacement name).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 303, f. 560-563 (Tf from Araneus, S).
f apa Levi, 1991....................Paraguay
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 302, f. 557-559 (Df).
mf armida (Audouin, 1826)....................Palearctic
Epeira a. Audouin, 1826: 337, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira hirsuta Hahn, 1831a: 13, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 52 (Dm).
Miranda exornata C. L. Koch, 1844: 156, f. 952 (Df).
Miranda hirsuta C. L. Koch, 1847: 75, f. 1550 (f).
Epeira victoria Thorell, 1870a: 25 (Df).
Epeira a. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 331, pl. 12, f. 17 (f).
Araneus a. canescens Simon, 1908a: 432 (Df).
Araneus a. Simon, 1929: 691, 761, f. 1067-1068 (mf).
Aranea a. Drensky, 1943: 244, f. 19 (f, S).
Araneus victoria Azheganova, 1968: 80, f. 154, 172 (mf).
Araneus armidus Brignoli, 1968d: 90, f. 1-3 (mf).
Araneus victoria Miller, 1971: 209, pl. XXXIX, f. 15-16 (f).
Araneus victoria Loksa, 1972: 95, f. 87E-F (mf).
A. a. Levi, 1977b: 236, f. 208-217 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus victoria Zhang, 1987: 73, f. 56.1-2 (f).
Araneus victoria Hu & Li, 1987a: 327, f. 9.1-4, 10.1-2 (f, Dm).
Araneus victoria Mcheidze, 1997: 270, f. 599-600 (mf).
A. a. Levy, 1998a: 329, f. 68-79 (mf, S).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 131J, 145G (mf).
f armida orientalis (Kulczyn'ski, 1901)....................Russia, China
Epeira victoria o. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 330, pl. 12, f. 16 (Df).
Araneus victoria o. Zhang, 1987: 74, f. 57.1-2 (f).
A. a. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 131K, 145H (f).
mf armida pumila (Simon, 1929)....................France
Araneus a. pumilus Simon, 1929: 691, 762 (Dmf).
f azul Levi, 1991....................Panama
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 306, f. 589-591 (Df).
f busu Levi, 1991....................Hispaniola
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 308, f. 596-599 (Df).
mf carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869)....................Palearctic
Epeira c. L. Koch, 1869: 58 (Dm).
Epeira c. Simon, 1874a: 92 (Df).
Epeira c. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 332, pl. 12, f. 18-19 (mf).
Araneus carbonarius Lessert, 1910b: 326, f. 177-178 (mf).
Araneus carbonarius Simon, 1929: 690, 761, f. 1066 (mf).
Aranea c. Drensky, 1943: 244, f. 19 (f).
A. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 75 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. c. Levi, 1977b: 234, f. 198-207 (mf).
A. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 70, f. 160 (mf).
A. c. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 19, 22 (m).
f carbonaria fulva (Franganillo, 1913)....................Spain
Epeira c. f. Franganillo, 1913: 128 (Df).
mf carbonaria sinensis (Schenkel, 1953)....................China
Araneus carbonarius s. Schenkel, 1953b: 49, f. 23a-c (Dmf).
A. c. s. Brignoli, 1983c: 255.
A. c. s. Hu & Wu, 1989: 81, f. 60.1-9 (mf).
A. c. s. Yin et al., 1997: 103, f. 30a-i (mf).
A. c. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 131L-N, 132F-G, 145I (mf).
mf carbonarioides (Keyserling, 1892)....................USA, Canada, Alaska, Russia
Epeira carbonaria Emerton, 1884: 315, pl. 33, f. 18, pl. 36, f. 18-19 (mf, misidentified).
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1892: 206, pl. 10, f. 152 (Df).
Epeira c. McCook, 1894: 158, pl. 5, f. 9 (f, Dm).
Epeira carbonaria Emerton, 1894: 405, pl. 1, f. 4b, d (mf, misidentified).
Araneus hyperboreus Kulczyn'ski, 1908b: 45, pl. 2, f. 58 (Df).
Aranea charitonovi Ermolajev, 1928a: 209, f. 1-3 (Dmf).
Araneus vegae Holm, 1970: 198, f. 25-27, 29-31 (Dmf).
A. charitonovi Levi, 1977b: 230 (Tf from Araneus).
A. hyperborea Levi, 1977b: 230 (Tf from Araneus).
A. c. Levi, 1977b: 230, f. 162-173, 182-186 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
A. carbonoides Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 58 (m).
A. c. Marusik, Tarabaev & Litovchenko, 1991: 15 (S).
A. carbonoides Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 12 (m).
mf ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Palearctic
A. c. Walckenaer, 1802: 199 (Df).
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1805: 33.
Epeira sclopetaria Hahn, 1833a: 4, f. 131 (mf, misidentified).
Miranda c. C. L. Koch, 1838: 51, f. 370 (f, Dm).
Epeira c. Blackwall, 1864a: 347, pl. 25, f. 250 (mf).
Miranda c. Menge, 1866: 72, pl. 11, f. 17 (mf).
Epeira c. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 132, pl. 5, f. 19 (mf).
Epeira c. Bösenberg, 1901: 32, pl. 2, f. 16 (mf).
Epeira c. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 332, pl. 12, f. 20 (m).
Araneus ceropegius Lessert, 1910b: 324.
Araneus c. Simon, 1929: 688, 761, f. 1064, 1065 (mf).
A. c. Wiehle, 1931: 100, f. 151-155 (mf).
Aranea c. Drensky, 1943: 244, f. 19 (mf).
Araneus ceropegius Locket & Millidge, 1953: 138, f. 91A-C (mf).
Aranea c. Zamaraev, 1964: 356, f. 51-52 (f).
Araneus vachoni Karol, 1964: 188, f. 1-2 (Df).
Araneus ceropegius Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 585 (f).
Araneus ceropegius Loksa, 1972: 94, f. 86, 87A-D (mf).
Araneus ceropegius Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 39-42 (mf).
Araneus ceropegius Palmgren, 1974a: 30, f. 12l-o (mf).
A. c. Punda, 1975b: 30, f. 34-36 (mf).
A. c. Levi, 1977b: 234, f. 175, 187-197 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Araneus ceropegius Hu & Li, 1987b: 262, f. 9.1-5 (mf).
A. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 70, f. 159 (mf).
A. c. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 18, 21 (m).
A. c. Roberts, 1995: 324, f. (mf).
Araneus ceropegius Mcheidze, 1997: 269, f. 597-598 (f).
A. c. Roberts, 1998: 337, f. (mf).
f escazu Levi, 1991....................Costa Rica
A. e. Levi, 1991a: 306, f. 585-588 (Df).
f gravabilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Honduras to Panama
Epeira g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 33, pl. 5, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 122, pl. 6, f. 90 (f).
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295.
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 304, f. 578-584 (Tf from Araneus).
mf luosangensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. l. Yin et al., 1990: 10, f. 17-26 (Dmf).
A. l. Yin et al., 1997: 104, f. 31a-j (mf).
A. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 131O-Q, 132H-I, 145J (mf).
f machu Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 302, f. 553-556 (Df).
mf matsudae Tanikawa, 1994....................Japan
A. m. Tanikawa, 1994c: 180, f. 1-5 (Dmf).
mf packardi (Thorell, 1875) *....................North America, Russia, Kazakhstan
Epeira packardii Thorell, 1875d: 490 (Dm).
Epeira aculeata Emerton, 1877: 528 (Df; preoccupied by Latreille, 1806).
Epeira carbonaria Keyserling, 1892: 204, pl. 9, f. 151 (mf, misidentified).
Epeira carbonaria McCook, 1894: 157, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (mf, misidentified).
Epeira aculeata Emerton, 1894: 405, pl. 1, f. 4 (f, Dm).
Araneus septentrionalis Kulczyn'ski, 1908b: 47, pl. 2, f. 57 (Df).
Araneus aculeatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277.
Araneus septentrionalis Schenkel, 1930b: 24, f. 9 (Dm).
A. p. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 75 (removed mf from S of A. carbonaria).
A. verae Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 75, f. 215-216 (Dm).
A. verae Levi & Field, 1954: 448, f. 26, 28 (mf).
A. p. Holm, 1970: 201, f. 28 (m).
A. p. Levi, 1977b: 228, f. 148-161, 174, 176-181 (mf, S).
A. p. Yin et al., 1990: 12, f. 27-34 (mf).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 106, f. 32a-i (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 132A-C, J-K. 145K (mf).
mf taibaishanensis Zhu & Wang, 1995....................China
Aculeperia t. Zhu & Wang, 1995: 165, f. 1-5 (Dmf).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 107, f. 33a-e (mf).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 132D-E, L-M, 145L (mf).
mf talishia (Zawadsky, 1902)....................Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
Epeira t. Zawadsky, 1902: 4 (D).
Araneus similis Nosek, 1905b: 131 (Dmf, preocupied).
Aranea noseki Strand, 1907m: 396 (replacement name for A. similis).
Aranea kariae Roewer, 1942a: 788 (lapsus for A. noseki).
Araneus karabagi Karol, 1965: 111, f. 1-2 (Df).
A. noseki Levi, 1977b: 236, f. 218-225 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Araneus lencoranicus Bakhvalov, 1983: 93, f. 6 (Df).
A. t. Marusik, 1985b: 137 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
A. t. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 20, 23 (m).
mf travassosi (Soares & Camargo, 1948)....................Mexico to Argentina
Neosconella t. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 377, f. 33-34 (Df).
Neosconella cutucensis Kraus, 1955b: 23, f. 67-69 (Dm).
Araneus cutucensis Brignoli, 1983c: 262.
Araneus t. Brignoli, 1983c: 263.
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 298, f. 543-547 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
f visite Levi, 1991....................Hispaniola
Parawixia darlingtoni Bryant, 1945a: 382, f. 21 (f only, not male holotype).
A. v. Levi, 1991a: 307, f. 592-595 (Df).
mf vittata (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Metepeira v. Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 17, f. 26-27 (Df).
A. v. Levi, 1991a: 300, f. 548-552 (Tf from Metepeira, Dm).
f africanus Simon, 1895....................West Africa
A. a. Simon, 1895a: 785, f. 849 (Df).
A. a. Murphy & Murphy, 1983b: 119, f. 7-8 (f).
mf coccineus Simon, 1895 *....................China to Moluccas
A. c. Simon, 1895a: 785 (Df).
A. c. Uyemura, 1939b: 142, f. a-f (f).
A. c. Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 58 (f).
A. c. Namkung, 1964: 37, f. 23 (f).
A. c. Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 58 (f).
A. c. Murphy & Murphy, 1983b: 117, f. 3-6 (f).
A. c. Hu, 1984: 88, f. 78.1-2 (f).
A. c. Yaginuma, 1986a: 116, f. 61.2 (mf).
A. c. Chikuni, 1989b: 75, f. 40 (mf).
A. c. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 112, f. 106.1-3 (f).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 109, f. 35a-d (mf).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 133A-D, 145M (mf).
f dahoneus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 584, f. 363a-e (Df).
f gentingensis Murphy & Murphy, 1983....................Malaysia
A. g. Murphy & Murphy, 1983b: 122, f. 18-20 (Df).
m lepidus (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Argiope lepida Thorell, 1898: 337 (Dm).
A. l. Levi, 1983: 260 (Tm from Argiope).
mf malaccensis Murphy & Murphy, 1983....................Malaysia, Sumatra
A. m. Murphy & Murphy, 1983b: 119, f. 9-17 (Dmf).
m magnifica Urquhart, 1893....................Tasmania
A. m. Urquhart, 1893b: 119 (Dm).
f pani Lessert, 1930....................Congo
A. p. Lessert, 1930: 663, f. 33-34 (Df).
In synonymy:
A. galeata (Simon, 1887, T from Isoxya) = A. falkensteini Karsch, 1879 (Benoit, 1964a: 47).
mf falkensteini Karsch, 1879 *....................West, Central Africa
A. falkensteinii Karsch, 1879a: 332 (Df).
Isoxia f. Simon, 1887a: 268.
Isoxia galeata Simon, 1887a: 269, pl. 6, f. 3 (Df).
Gasteracantha galeata Simon, 1895a: 843, f. 891 (f).
Gasteracantha galeata Simon, 1907d: 301 (Dm).
Gasteracantha f. Dahl, 1914: 255.
Isoxya galeata Benoit, 1962a: 23, f. 16 (Tmf from Gasteracantha).
A. f. Benoit, 1962a: 43, f. 28-29 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
A. f. Benoit, 1964a: 47 (Sm).
A. f. Emerit, 1982c: 459, f. 1-3, pl. 1, f. 1B, pl. 2 (m).
In synonymy:
A. batesi (Pocock, 1899, T from Gasteracantha) = A. camerunensis (Thorell, 1898) (Benoit, 1962a: 25).
f camerunensis (Thorell, 1899) *....................West, Central, East Africa, Venezuela
Gasteracantha brevispina c. Thorell, 1898: 65 (Df).
Gasteracantha batesi Pocock, 1899e: 858, pl. 56, f. 10 (Df).
Gasteracantha batesi Dahl, 1914: 252, f. 7 (f).
Isoxya c. Benoit, 1962a: 25, f. 18 (removed f from S of Gasteracantha batesi per Roewer, S).
A. c. Emerit, 1974: 29 (Tf from Isoxya).
Gasteracantha c. Levi, 1996b: 143, f. 313-321 (f).
Transferred to other genera:
A. angulopicta (Schenkel, 1953) -- see Alenatea.
A. arcopicta (Schenkel, 1953) -- see Alenatea.
A. davidi (Schenkel, 1963) -- see Alenatea.
A. fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Alenatea.
mf redii (Scopoli, 1763) *....................Palearctic
Aranea r. Scopoli, 1763: 394 (D).
Aranea aldrovandi Scopoli, 1763: 394 (D).
Aranea cratera Walckenaer, 1802: 197 (Df).
Aranea cratera Panzer, 1804: 244, pl. 49, f. 5 (f).
Epeira cratera Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira solers Walckenaer, 1805: 60 (D).
Epeira agalena Hahn, 1834: 29, f. 115 (Dmf).
Epeira cratera Walckenaer, 1842: 35 (Dm).
Epeira solers Walckenaer, 1842: 41 (Df).
Atea sclopetaria C. L. Koch, 1844: 134, f. 934-935 (mf, misidentified).
Anetes caeletron Menge, 1850: 71 (D).
Epeira sollers Westring, 1861: 41 (Dm).
Epeira solers Blackwall, 1864a: 336, pl. 24, f. 243 (mf).
Epeira solers Menge, 1866: 63, pl. 9, f. 11 (mf).
Epeira biocellata Canestrini, 1868: 201 (Dm).
Epeira sollers Thorell, 1870a: 18.
Epeira r. Simon, 1874a: 90 (mf).
Epeira r. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 131, pl. 5, f. 17 (mf).
Epeira r. Becker, 1896: 29, pl. 6, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira r. Bösenberg, 1901: 38, pl. 2, f. 24 (mf).
Epeira agalena O. P.-Cambridge, 1909a: 108, pl. A, f. 18-22 (mf).
Araneus r. Lessert, 1910b: 323.
Araneus r. Simon, 1929: 688, 761, f. 1050, 1064 (mf).
Aranea r. Wiehle, 1931: 97, f. 146-150 (mf).
Aranea r. Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 21 (mf).
A. r. Archer, 1951c: 1, f. 1 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus r. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 139, f. 93A-C (mf).
Aranea r. Zamaraev, 1964: 357, f. 58-60 (mf).
Araneus r. Azheganova, 1968: 79, f. 162, 169 (mf).
Araneus r. Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 579, 587 (f).
Araneus r. Miller, 1971: 210, pl. XXXIX, f. 5-6 (mf).
Araneus r. Loksa, 1972: 80, f. 70A-D (mf).
Araneus r. Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 76-80 (mf).
A. r. Punda, 1975b: 31, f. 37-38 (f).
A. r. Roberts, 1985: 214, f. 96a (mf).
Araneus r. Hu & Wu, 1989: 93, f. 69.1-3 (f).
A. r. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 70, f. 161 (mf).
A. r. Roberts, 1995: 325, f. (mf).
Araneus r. Mcheidze, 1997: 273, f. 613-616 (mf).
A. r. Yin et al., 1997: 115, f. 40a-c (f).
A. r. Levy, 1998a: 333, f. 88-95 (mf).
A. r. Roberts, 1998: 338, f. (mf).
A. r. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 230, f. 133E-F, 145N (f).
f leucacanthus Simon, 1897 *....................Brazil
Agatostichus leucacantha Simon, 1895a: 885, f. 947 (nomen nudum).
A. leucacantha Simon, 1897b: 473 (Df).
f bifurcatus Petrunkevitch, 1910....................Jamaica, Puerto Rico
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1910: 211, pl. 21, f. 8 (Dj).
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 264, f. 117-118 (j).
A. b. Archer, 1958: 12, f. 29-30 (Df).
f borinquenae Archer, 1965....................Puerto Rico
A. b. Archer, 1965b: 131, f. 4-5 (Df).
f licinus Simon, 1895 *....................West Indies
A. l. Simon, 1895a: 931 (Df).
A. l. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 332, pl. 7, f. 7 (f).
A. l. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 263, f. 115-116 (f).
A. l. Archer, 1958: 13, f. 27-28 (f).
mf rubripleurus Mello-Leitão, 1947....................Brazil
A. r. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 239, f. 6-7 (Df).
A. r. Archer, 1958: 14, f. 22-23, 25 (Dm).
f rufoniger (Franganillo, 1930)....................Cuba
Acusilas rufonigra Franganillo, 1930: 24 (Df).
A. r. Franganillo, 1936c: 87, f. 42 (Tf from Acusilas).
?? rufoniger maculatus (Franganillo, 1930)....................Cuba
Acusilas rufonigra maculata Franganillo, 1930: 24 (D; N.B.: omitted by Roewer and Brignoli).
In synonymy:
A. angulopicta (Schenkel, 1953) = A. fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Ma & Tu, 1987: 52, sub Neoscona).
A. arcopicta (Schenkel, 1953) = A. fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Ma & Tu, 1987: 51, sub Neoscona).
A. davidi (Schenkel, 1963) = A. fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Ma & Tu, 1987: 52, sub Neoscona).
mf fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) *....................China, Taiwan, Japan
Aranea f. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 224, pl. 4, f. 29, pl. 12, f. 298 (Dmf).
Aranea f. Strand, 1918: 95, pl. 2, f. 25-26 (f).
Araneus fuscoloratus Nakatsudi, 1942a: 306, f. 12-14 (f).
Araneus arcopictus Schenkel, 1953b: 50, f. 25a-b (Df).
Araneus angulopictus Schenkel, 1953b: 53, f. 26a-b (Df).
Neoscona f. Yaginuma, 1955a: 19, pl. I, f. 6, 14 (Tmf from Araneus).
Catheistela f. Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tmf from Neoscona).
Agalenatea angulopicta Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 37 (Tf from Araneus).
Agalenatea arcopicta Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 37 (Tf from Araneus).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Yaginuma, 1960: 52, f. 48 (f).
Araneus davidi Schenkel, 1963: 172, f. 100a-b (Df).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Lee, 1966: 39, f. 10h-i (f).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Yaginuma, 1971: 52, f. 48 (f).
Araneus angulopictus Hu, 1984: 89, f. 80.1-2 (f).
Neoscona f. Hu, 1984: 93, f. 86.1-2 (mf).
Araneus arcopictus Zhu et al., 1985: 69, f. 56a-e (f, Dm).
Neoscona fuscolorata Yaginuma, 1986a: 105, f. 55.9 (f).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Grasshoff, 1986: 118 (Tmf from Neoscona).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Yaginuma, 1986c: 187, f. 1B, D (mf).
Neoscona angulopictus Zhang, 1987: 83, f. 67.1-2 (apparent Tf, unsubstantiated).
Neoscona f. Zhang, 1987: 85, f. 69.1-5 (mf).
Neoscona f. Ma & Tu, 1987: 51, f. 1 (mf, S).
Araneus fuscocoloratus Chikuni, 1989b: 70, f. 27 (mf).
Agalenatea arcopicta Yin et al., 1997: 112, f. 37a-c (f).
Agalenatea davidi Yin et al., 1997: 113, f. 38a-b (Tf from Araneus).
Agalenatea f. Yin et al., 1997: 113, f. 39a-g (Tmf from Araneus).
A. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 235, f. 6B, 133H-K, 146A-B (Tmf from Agalenatea).
f touxie Song & Zhu, 1999....................China
Agalenatea angulopicta Yin et al., 1997: 111, f. 36a-d (f, misidentified).
A. t. Song & Zhu, in Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 235 (Df).
f wangi Zhu & Song, 1999....................China
A. w. Zhu & Song, in Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 235, f. 133L-N (Df).
In synonymy:
A. furcata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898, T from Cyclosa) = A. bifurca (McCook, 1887) (Levi, 1999: 304).
mf bifurca (McCook, 1887) *....................USA to Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola
Cyrtophora b. McCook, 1887: 342 (Dmf).
Cyclosa fissicauda O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 49, pl. 8, f. 7 (Dj).
Cyclosa b. McCook, 1894: 1: 128, 2: 189, 372, 376, 3: 227, pl. 17, f. 9-10 (mf).
Cyclosa fissicauda Keyserling, 1893: 274, pl. 14, f. 203 (f).
Larina fissicauda Simon, 1895a: 790.
Cyclosa furcata O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 247, pl. 31, f. 3 (Df).
Cyclosa furcata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 494, pl. 47, f. 6 (f).
Cyclosa fissicauda F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 495, pl. 47, f. 8 (f).
Cyclosa b. Levi, 1977a: 86, f. 78-89 (mf).
A. b. Levi, 1999: 304, f. 3-22 (Tmf from Cyclosa, S).
Transferred to other genera:
A. calix (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Metazygia.
A. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Spilasma.
A. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) -- see Mecynogea.
A. mammifera (Tullgren, 1902) -- see Molinaranea.
A. maura (Hentz, 1847) -- see Metazygia.
A. montecarlo Levi, 1988 -- see Larinia.
A. riscoi (Archer, 1971) -- see Rubrepeira.
A. rubronigra (Mello-Leitão, 1939) -- see Rubrepeira.
In synonymy:
A. aestimabilis (Keyserling, 1892, T from Araneus) = A. championi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1988: 454).
A. albonotata (Mello-Leitão, 1945, T from Epeiroides) = A. truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472).
A. albostriata (Keyserling, 1865) = A. leucogramma (White, 1841) (Levi, 1988: 391).
A. albostriata columbiana (Strand, 1915) = A. leucogramma (White, 1841) (Levi, 1988: 391).
A. albotaeniata (Mello-Leitão, 1942, T from Wixia) = A. rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395).
A. borellii (Simon, 1897, T from Araneus) = A. veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402).
A. carteri (Badcock, 1932, T from Araneus) = A. alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1988: 415).
A. citrinella (Roewer, 1942, T from Metepeira) = A. citrina (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 418).
A. coniformis (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = A. conica O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1988: 462).
A. deliciosa (Keyserling, 1893, T from Araneus) = A. carminea (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 406).
A. designata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = A. bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387).
A. ensifera (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Edricus) = A. truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Caporiacco, 1954: 85, sub Subedricus nigropustulatus).
A. fissifasciata (Mello-Leitão, 1945, T from Wixia) = A. bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387).
A. inexplicabilis (Badcock, 1932, T from Araneus) = A. rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395).
A. multipunctata (Simon, 1895, T from Araneus, a nomen nudum that was erroneously listed by Roewer as valid) = A. tabula (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1988: 404).
A. mutata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = A. truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472).
A. nigropunctata (Mello-Leitão, 1941, T from Wixia) = A. rubellula (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 395).
A. nigropunctatula (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = A. calotypa (Chamberlin, 1916) (Levi, 1988: 461).
A. nigropustulata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893) = A. truncata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 472).
A. ocellifera (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = A. quadrilorata (Simon, 1897) (Levi, 1988: 467).
A. octomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = A. quadrilorata (Simon, 1897) (Levi, 1988: 467).
A. pantherina (Taczanowski, 1873, T from Araneus) = A. veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402).
A. rhodomelas (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Araneus) = A. acuta (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 450).
A. spinigera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, T from Wixia) = A. bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 387).
A. taczanowskii (Simon, 1897, T from Araneus) = A. delicata (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1988: 458).
A. trisignata (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = A. trilineata (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1988: 445).
A. unguiformis (Keyserling, 1893, T from Metazygia) = A. veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402).
A. wiedenmeyeri (Schenkel, 1953, T from Metepeira) = A. veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1988: 402).
mf acuta (Keyserling, 1865)....................Panama to Argentina
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1865: 816, pl. 18, f. 13-14 (Df).
Epeira rhodomelas Taczanowski, 1878b: 147, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1893: 228, pl. 11, f. 169 (f).
Araneus acutus Simon, 1897e: 2.
Araneus rhodomelas Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Wixia a. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 261 (Tf from Araneus).
A. a. Levi, 1988: 450, f. 421-426 (Tf from Wixia, Dm, S).
mf albocincta (Mello-Leitão, 1945)....................Venezuela to Argentina
Epeirella a. Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 236 (Dj from Argentina; N.B.: Brignoli's 1983c: 268 reference to E. albocincta Mello-Leitão, 1948: 169, m from Guyana, appears to be a lapsus for this taxon).
A. a. Levi, 1988: 466, f. 525-529 (Tj from Epeirella, Dmf).
mf almada Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. a. Levi, 1988: 482, f. 635-639 (Dmf).
mf alticeps (Keyserling, 1879)....................Brazil, Paraguay
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1879: 311, pl. 4, f. 13 (Df).
Epeira undulata Bertkau, 1880a: 89, pl. 2, f. 32 (Df).
Epeira göldii Karsch, 1886b: 92, pl. 3, f. 9 (Dmf).
Araneus a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278.
Araneus carteri Badcock, 1932: 25, f. 17 (Dmf).
Verrucosa a. Roewer, 1942a: 879.
A. a. Levi, 1976: 358 (Tmf from Verrucosa).
A. a. Levi, 1988: 415, f. 182-187 (mf, S).
f alto Levi, 1988....................Paraguay
A. a. Levi, 1988: 434, f. 320-323 (Df).
mf alvarengai Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. a. Levi, 1988: 407, f. 128-133 (Dmf).
f amambay Levi, 1988....................Paraguay
A. a. Levi, 1988: 429, f. 274-277 (Df).
mf anchicaya Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. a. Levi, 1988: 474, f. 587-592 (Dmf).
f angra Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. a. Levi, 1988: 468, f. 537-540 (Df).
mf antonio Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Guyana
A. a. Levi, 1988: 446, f. 392-397 (Dmf).
f atomaria (Simon, 1895)....................Brazil
Salassina a. Simon, 1895a: 781 (Df).
Edricus atomarius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 337.
A. a. Levi, 1988: 458, f. 479-482 (Tf from Edricus).
mf banos Levi, 1988....................Ecuador
A. b. Levi, 1988: 428, f. 261-266 (Dmf).
f biasii Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. b. Levi, 1988: 422, f. 231-233 (Df).
mf bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Costa Rica to Argentina
Epeira b. Taczanowski, 1878b: 168, pl. 2, f. 18 (Dmf).
Epeira spinigera O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 43, pl. 5, f. 9-10 (Df).
Epeira spinigera Keyserling, 1892: 131, pl. 7, f. 97 (f).
Epeira spinigera McCook, 1894: 191, pl. 14, f. 3-4 (f).
Araneus bicornutus Simon, 1895a: 818.
Aranea spinigera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 515, pl. 49, f. 16 (f).
Araneus spiniger Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
Araneus designatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 51, pl. 14, f. 126-127 (Df).
Wixia fissifasciata Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 244, f. 27 (Df).
Wixia spinigera Caporiacco, 1948a: 654 (Tf from Araneus).
A. b. Levi, 1988: 387, f. 9, 11-18 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
mf bischoffi Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. b. Levi, 1988: 424, f. 234-238 (Dmf).
m boa Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. b. Levi, 1988: 447, f. 408-409 (Dm).
m boraceia Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. b. Levi, 1988: 436, f. 328-329 (Dm).
m cachimbo Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 400, f. 90-91 (Dm).
mf cali Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. c. Levi, 1988: 477, f. 611-616 (Dmf).
mf calotypa (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Araneus c. Chamberlin, 1916: 256, pl. 19, f. 4 (Dmf).
Epeira nigropunctata Taczanowski, 1878b: 167, pl. 2, f. 17 (Dmf; preoccupied by L. Koch, 1871).
Araneus nigropunctatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Aranea nigropunctatula Roewer, 1942a: 848 (replacement name for Epeira nigropunctata).
A. c. Levi, 1988: 461, f. 501-505 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
f canela Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 421, f. 216-218 (Df).
mf canoa Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 439, f. 348-353 (Dmf).
mf carminea (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira c. Taczanowski, 1878b: 163, pl. 2, f. 14 (Df).
Epeira deliciosa Keyserling, 1893: 234, pl. 11, f. 274 (Dmf).
Araneus deliciosus Simon, 1897e: 2.
Araneus carmineus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 284.
Parepeira c. Mello-Leitão, 1942a: 429, f. 1 (Tf from Araneus).
A. c. Levi, 1988: 406, f. 122-127 (f, Sm).
m caxias Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 439, f. 346-347 (Dm).
f chaco Levi, 1988....................Paraguay
A. c. Levi, 1988: 408, f. 140-142 (Df).
mf championi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Colombia
Epeira c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 42, pl. 5, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
Epeira aestimabilis Keyserling, 1892: 181, pl. 9, f. 133 (Df).
Aranea c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 517, pl. 50, f. 1-2 (mf).
Araneus aestimabilis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277.
Araneus c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
A. c. Levi, 1988: 454, f. 446-451 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
f chapada Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 402, f. 97-100 (Df).
mf chickeringi Levi, 1988....................Panama to Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 480, f. 628-634 (Dmf).
f cisneros Levi, 1988....................Colombia, Ecuador
A. c. Levi, 1988: 476, f. 599-602 (Df).
f citrina (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira citrina Keyserling, 1892: 88, pl. 4, f. 66 (Df).
Araneus citrinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
Aranea citrinella Roewer, 1942a: 839 (superfluous replacement name for Epeira citrina Keyserling, preoccupied in Araneus by Fourcroy, 1785).
Metepeira c. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tf from Araneus).
A. c. Levi, 1988: 418, f. 204-206 (Tf from Metepeira, S).
mf conica O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 *....................Panama
A. conica O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 53, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df).
A. conica Keyserling, 1893: 281, pl. 14, f. 207 (f).
Aranea conica F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
Araneus conicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286.
Aranea coniformis Roewer, 1942a: 839 (superfluous replacement name for A. conica, preoccupied in Araneus by Pallas, 1772).
A. c. Levi, 1988: 462, f. 506-511 (Tf from Araneus, Dm, S).
m constant Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 402, f. 101-102 (Dm).
mf coroico Levi, 1988....................Bolivia
A. c. Levi, 1988: 392, f. 39-43 (Dmf).
f costai Levi, 1988....................Argentina
A. c. Levi, 1988: 464, f. 515-518 (Df).
f cuiaba Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1988: 399, f. 86-89 (Df).
f cuyabeno Levi, 1988....................Ecuador
A. c. Levi, 1988: 428, f. 267-270 (Df).
mf darlingtoni Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. d. Levi, 1988: 468, f. 541-546 (Dmf).
f deborae Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Surinam, French Guiana
A. d. Levi, 1988: 442, f. 364-366 (Df).
mf delicata (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Peru, Bolivia
Epeira d. Keyserling, 1892: 183, pl. 9, f. 135 (Dmf).
Araneus taczanowskii Simon, 1897b: 473 (Df).
Araneus delicatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 288.
A. d. Levi, 1988: 458, f. 472-478 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
mf dominica Levi, 1988....................Lesser Antilles
A. d. Levi, 1988: 410, f. 147-153 (Dmf).
f eberhardi Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. e. Levi, 1988: 470, f. 555-558 (Df).
f elegantula (Archer, 1965)....................Martinique
Lariniacantha e. Archer, 1965b: 132, f. 8-9 (Df).
A. e. Brignoli, 1983c: 256.
A. e. Levi, 1988: 410, f. 143-146 (f).
f ericae Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. e. Levi, 1988: 460, f. 486-490 (Df).
f erythrothorax (Taczanowski, 1873)....................French Guiana
Singa e. Taczanowski, 1873: 126 (Dmf).
Araneus e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
A. e. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tmf from Singa).
A. e. Levi, 1988: 444, f. 376-378 (f; m of Taczanowski = A. leucogramma).
mf gallardoi Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
A. g. Levi, 1988: 432, f. 300-305 (Dmf).
f gracia Levi, 1988....................Argentina
A. g. Levi, 1988: 464, f. 512-514 (Df).
mf graphica (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 22, pl. 7, f. 16 (Dm).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 121, pl. 6, f. 89 (m).
Aranea g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 518, pl. 51, f. 2 (m).
Araneus graphicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Metazygia g. Caporiacco, 1948a: 661 (Tm from Araneus, Df).
A. g. Levi, 1988: 453, f. 435-439 (Tmf from Metazygia).
mf grayi (Blackwall, 1863)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
Epeira grayii Blackwall, 1863a: 34 (Dmf).
Epeira veles Keyserling, 1879: 310, pl. 4, f. 12 (Df).
Araneus g. Simon, 1897e: 1.
Wixia g. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 251 (Tmf from Araneus).
Lariniacantha g. Archer, 1951a: 15, f. 38-40 (Tmf from Wixia).
A. g. Levi, 1976: 388.
A. g. Levi, 1988: 394, f. 10, 44-49 (mf).
mf guimaraes Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Guyana
A. g. Levi, 1988: 390, f. 19-24 (Dmf).
m gurupi Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. g. Levi, 1988: 429, f. 278-279 (Dm).
f haligera (Archer, 1971)....................Peru, Venezuela
Lariniacantha h. Archer, 1971: 159, f. 5 (Df).
A. h. Brignoli, 1983c: 256.
A. h. Levi, 1988: 426, f. 257-260 (f).
f hartliebi Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. h. Levi, 1988: 430, f. 294-297 (Df).
mf hoffmanni Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Paraguay
A. h. Levi, 1988: 400, f. 92-96 (Dmf).
f holmbergi Levi, 1988....................Argentina
A. h. Levi, 1988: 408, f. 134-137 (Df).
mf iguazu Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. i. Levi, 1988: 436, f. 330-335 (Dmf).
f iquitos Levi, 1988....................Peru, Ecuador, Brazil
A. i. Levi, 1988: 416, f. 194-197 (Df).
f itapua Levi, 1988....................Paraguay
A. i. Levi, 1988: 433, f. 310-312 (Df).
mf itauba Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. i. Levi, 1988: 445, f. 386-391 (Dmf).
m jacaranda Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. j. Levi, 1988: 432, f. 298-299 (Dm).
f kartabo Levi, 1988....................Guyana
A. k. Levi, 1988: 399, f. 80-83 (Df).
mf keyserlingi Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. k. Levi, 1988: 398, f. 69-74 (Dmf).
f kochalkai Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. k. Levi, 1988: 416, f. 191-193 (Df).
m lanei Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. l. Levi, 1988: 412, f. 170-171 (Dm).
mf latro (Fabricius, 1775)....................Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina
Aranea l. Fabricius, 1775: 412 (D).
Aranea l. Olivier, 1789: 233 (D).
Epeira l. Walckenaer, 1842: 113 (Df).
Miranda l. C. L. Koch, 1844: 158, f. 933 (Dm).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1878a: 574, pl. 14, f. 3 (f).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1892: 197, pl. 9, f. 146 (f).
Araneus l. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 299.
Drexellia l. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 177 (Tmf from Araneus).
Lariniacantha l. Archer, 1951a: 15 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. l. Levi, 1988: 414, f. 175-181 (mf).
mf leucogramma (White, 1841)....................Panama to Argentina
Epeira (Singa) l. White, 1841: 474 (Df).
Epeira albostriata Keyserling, 1865: 815, pl. 19, f. 27-28 (Df).
Epeira albostriata Keyserling, 1893: 258, pl. 13, f. 193 (f, Dm).
Aranea albostriata Tullgren, 1905: 34, pl. 5, f. 11 (f).
Araneus leucogrammus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 301.
Aranea albostriata columbiana Strand, 1916b: 110 (Df).
Parepeira albostriata Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 41.
Parepeira albostriata Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (S).
Cercidia albostriata Archer, 1951a: 42 (Tmf from Parepeira=Alpaida).
A. l. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tf from Singa).
Lariniacantha albostriata Levi, 1975b: 113 (Tmf from Cercidia).
A. l. Levi, 1988: 391, f. 1-6, 32-38 (f, Sm).
f lomba Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. l. Levi, 1988: 421, f. 219-222 (Df).
mf lubinae Levi, 1988....................Venezuela
A. l. Levi, 1988: 442, f. 367-373 (Dmf).
f machala Levi, 1988....................Ecuador
A. m. Levi, 1988: 470, f. 559-563 (Df).
f madeira Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1988: 468, f. 547-550 (Df).
mf manicata Levi, 1988....................Brazil
Araneus manicatus Simon, 1895a: 822 (nomen nudum).
A. m. Levi, 1988: 420, f. 210-215 (Dmf).
f marmorata (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana
Singa m. Taczanowski, 1873: 125 (Df).
Araneus m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 301.
A. m. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tf from Singa).
A. m. Levi, 1988: 429, f. 280-288 (f).
mf marta Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. m. Levi, 1988: 478, f. 623-627 (Dmf).
f mato Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1988: 422, f. 228-230 (Df).
mf moata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936)....................Panama, Colombia
Araneus moatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 47, pl. 14, f. 125 (Df).
A. m. Levi, 1988: 448, f. 415-420 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
f moka Levi, 1988....................Bolivia
A. m. Levi, 1988: 426, f. 253-256 (Df).
mf monzon Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. m. Levi, 1988: 398, f. 75-79 (Dmf).
f morro Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1988: 412, f. 166-169 (Df).
f muco Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. m. Levi, 1988: 466, f. 519-522 (Df).
m murtinho Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1988: 399, f. 84-85 (Dm).
f nadleri Levi, 1988....................Venezuela
A. n. Levi, 1988: 474, f. 583-586 (Df).
f nancho Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. n. Levi, 1988: 456, f. 468-471 (Df).
f narino Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. n. Levi, 1988: 428, f. 271-273 (Df).
m natal Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. n. Levi, 1988: 422, f. 226-227 (Dm).
mf negro Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. n. Levi, 1988: 448, f. 410-414 (Dmf).
f nigrofrenata (Simon, 1895)....................Brazil
Araneus nigrofrenatus Simon, 1895a: 816 (Df).
A. n. Levi, 1988: 421, f. 223-225 (Tf from Araneus).
mf niveosigillata (Mello-Leitão, 1941)....................Colombia, Ecuador
Singa n. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 260, f. 1 (Df).
A. n. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tf from Singa).
A. niveosagillata Levi, 1988: 446, f. 398-403 (f, Dm).
mf nonoai Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. n. Levi, 1988: 478, f. 617-622 (Dmf).
f octolobata Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. o. Levi, 1988: 460, f. 483-485 (Df).
m oliverioi (Soares & Camargo, 1948)....................Brazil
Cyclosa o. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 369, f. 22 (Dm).
A. o. Levi, 1999: 310 (Tm from Cyclosa; N.B.: both palpi lost).
f orgaos Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. o. Levi, 1988: 424, f. 239-242 (Df).
mf pedro Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. p. Levi, 1988: 425, f. 246-252 (Dmf).
f picchu Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. p. Levi, 1988: 433, f. 313-316 (Df).
mf quadrilorata (Simon, 1897)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
Araneus quadriloratus Simon, 1897e: 5 (Df).
Cercidia octomaculata Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 236, f. 10 (Df).
Parepeira ocellifera Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 241, f. 19 (Dm).
A. octomaculata Levi, 1975b: 113 (Tf from Cercidia).
A. ocellifera Brignoli, 1983c: 256.
A. q. Levi, 1988: 467, f. 530-536 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf queremal Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. q. Levi, 1988: 470, f. 564-569 (Dmf).
mf rioja Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. r. Levi, 1988: 406, f. 116-121 (Dmf).
f roemeri (Strand, 1908)....................Brazil
Aranea r. Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
A. r. Levi, 1988: 469, f. 551-554 (Tf from Araneus).
mf rosa Levi, 1988....................Brazil, Argentina
A. r. Levi, 1988: 461, f. 495-500 (Dmf).
f rossi Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. r. Levi, 1988: 447, f. 404-407 (Df).
mf rostratula (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Argentina
Epeira r. Keyserling, 1892: 82, pl. 4, f. 62 (Dm).
Araneus rostratulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
Wixia r. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (Tm from Araneus).
A. r. Levi, 1988: 394, f. 50-56 (Tm from Wixia, Df).
mf rubellula (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira r. Keyserling, 1892: 81, pl. 4, f. 61 (Df).
Araneus rubellulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
Araneus inexplicabilis Badcock, 1932: 23, f. 16 (Df).
Wixia nigropunctata Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 214, f. 21-22 (Df).
Wixia albotaeniata Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 403, f. 25-26 (Df).
Wixia r. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (Tf from Araneus).
A. r. Levi, 1988: 395, f. 57-62 (Tf from Wixia, Dm, S).
f sandrei (Simon, 1895)....................Brazil
Araneus s. Simon, 1895a: 816 (Df).
A. s. Levi, 1988: 420, f. 207-209 (Tf from Araneus).
m santosi Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. s. Levi, 1988: 408, f. 138-139 (Dm).
m schneblei Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. s. Levi, 1988: 477, f. 603-604 (Dm).
mf scriba (Mello-Leitão, 1940)....................Brazil
Drexelia s. Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 203 (Df).
A. s. Levi, 1988: 416, f. 188-190 (Tf from Drexelia=Larinia).
A. s. Buckup & Meyer, 1993: 353, f. 1-3 (Dm).
mf septemmammata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Argentina
Epeira septem-mammata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 42, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1892: 89, pl. 4, f. 67 (f).
Aranea s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 514, pl. 49, f. 15 (f).
Araneus septemmammatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315.
A. s. Levi, 1988: 452, f. 427-434 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
f sevilla Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. s. Levi, 1988: 434, f. 317-319 (Df).
mf silencio Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. s. Levi, 1988: 477, f. 605-610 (Dmf).
mf simla Levi, 1988....................Trinidad
A. s. Levi, 1988: 430, f. 289-293 (Dmf).
f sobradinho Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. s. Levi, 1988: 433, f. 306-309 (Df).
f sulphurea (Taczanowski, 1873)....................French Guiana
Nephila s. Taczanowski, 1873: 148 (Df).
A. s. Levi, 1988: 482, f. 640-643 (removed f from S of Nephila clavipes cornuta).
f sumare Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. s. Levi, 1988: 425, f. 243-245 (Df).
mf tabula (Simon, 1895)....................Guyana to Bolivia
Araneus t. Simon, 1895a: 815, f. 867 (Df).
Araneus multipunctatus Simon, 1895a: 815 (nomen nudum).
Wixia t. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 261 (Tf from Araneus).
A. t. Levi, 1988: 404, f. 110-115 (Tf from Wixia, Dm, S).
mf tayos Levi, 1988....................Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Guyana
A. t. Levi, 1988: 456, f. 458-467 (Dmf).
f thaxteri Levi, 1988....................Trinidad
A. t. Levi, 1988: 436, f. 324-327 (Df).
mf tijuca Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. t. Levi, 1988: 438, f. 336-341 (Dmf).
mf trilineata (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru
Epeira trilineata Taczanowski, 1878b: 162, pl. 2, f. 13 (Dmf; preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1767 sub Aranea).
Araneus trilineatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320.
Aranea trisignata Roewer, 1942a: 854 (replacement name for Epeira trilineata).
A. t. Levi, 1988: 445, f. 381-385 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
mf trispinosa (Keyserling, 1892)....................Panama to Argentina
Epeira grayi Keyserling, 1865: 809, pl. 18, f. 9-10 (f, misidentified).
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1892: 78, pl. 4, f. 59 (Dmf).
Epeira grayi Keyserling, 1892: 79, pl. 4, f. 60 (f, misidentified).
Araneus trispinosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320.
Wixia t. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. t. Levi, 1988: 396, f. 63-68 (Tmf from Wixia).
mf truncata (Keyserling, 1865)....................Mexico to Argentina
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1865: 807, pl. 19, f. 21-22 (Df).
Epeira elegantissima Taczanowski, 1878b: 170, pl. 2, f. 19 (Df).
Epeira cylindrica Taczanowski, 1878b: 171, pl. 2, f. 20-21 (Dmf).
Epeira nigropustulata O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 111, pl. 15, f. 5 (Dj)
Araneus truncatus Simon, 1895a: 811.
Aranea nigropustulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 49, f. 22 (j).
Araneus nigropustulatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Edricus truncatus Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 36.
Araneus mutatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 46, pl. 14, f. 128-129 (Df).
Pickardiana t. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 192 (Tmf from Edricus).
Epeiroides albonotatus Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 237 (Df).
Edricus ensifer Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Dm).
Edricus ensifer Caporiacco, 1948a: 658, f. 66 (m).
Subaraneus nigropustulatus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Tj from Araneus, Df).
Edricus t. Schenkel, 1953a: 23, f. 21a-c (m).
Subedricus nigropustulatus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (Tf from Subaraneus, Sm).
A. nigropustulata Levi, 1976: 388.
A. t. Levi, 1988: 472, f. 570-578 (mf, S).
f truncata obscura (Caporiacco, 1948)....................Guyana
Subaraneus nigropustulatus obscurus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Df).
Subedricus nigropustulatus obscurus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (Tf from Subaraneus).
A. nigropustulata o. Brignoli, 1983c: 256.
f truncata sexmaculata (Caporiacco, 1948)....................Guyana
Subaraneus nigropustulatus sexmaculatus Caporiacco, 1948a: 662 (Df).
Subedricus nigropustulatus sexmaculatus Caporiacco, 1954: 85 (Tf from Subaraneus).
A. nigropustulata s. Brignoli, 1983c: 256.
m tullgreni (Caporiacco, 1955)....................Venezuela
Parawixia t. Caporiacco, 1955: 348, f. 31a-c (Dm).
A. t. Levi, 1992b: 8 (Tm from Parawixia).
A. t. Levi, 1993a: 234, f. 26-27 (m).
mf tuonabo (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936)....................Panama
Araneus t. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 50, pl. 14, f. 130 (Df).
A. t. Levi, 1988: 474, f. 593-598 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf urucuca Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. u. Levi, 1988: 454, f. 440-445 (Dmf).
mf utcuyacu Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. u. Levi, 1988: 390, f. 25-31 (Dmf).
m utiariti Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. u. Levi, 1988: 466, f. 523-524 (Dm).
mf vanzolinii Levi, 1988....................Peru, Brazil, Argentina
A. v. Levi, 1988: 411, f. 160-165 (Dmf).
mf variabilis (Keyserling, 1864)....................Colombia
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1864: 126, pl. 6, f. 1-4 (Df).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1893: 249, pl. 12, f. 185 (f, Dm).
Araneus v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
Neoscona v. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 257 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. v. Levi, 1988: 418, f. 198-203 (Tmf from Neoscona).
mf veniliae (Keyserling, 1865)....................Panama to Argentina
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1865: 817, pl. 19, f. 23-24 (Dmf).
Epeira pantherina Taczanowski, 1873: 132 (Dmf).
Epeira unguiformis Keyserling, 1893: 237, pl. 11, f. 177 (Df).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1893: 256, pl. 13, f. 191 (mf).
Araneus borellii Simon, 1897e: 6 (Df).
Aranea v. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 49, f. 23-24 (mf).
Aranea borelli Tullgren, 1905: 32, pl. 4, f. 10 (f, Dm).
Araneus pantherinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 308.
Araneus unguiformis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
Araneus v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
Neoscona borelli Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 40.
Metazygia unguiformis Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tf from Araneus).
Subaraneus v. Caporiacco, 1948a: 661 (Tmf from Araneus).
Lariniacantha v. Archer, 1951a: 15 (Tmf from Subaraneus).
Metepeira wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953a: 22, f. 20 (Dm).
A. v. Levi, 1976: 388.
A. v. Levi, 1988: 402, f. 103-109 (mf, S).
m vera Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. v. Levi, 1988: 444, f. 379-380 (Dm).
mf versicolor (Keyserling, 1877)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
Cercidia v. Keyserling, 1877b: 86, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df).
Cercidia v. Keyserling, 1892: 38, pl. 2, f. 33 (f, Dm).
Araneus v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
A. v. Levi, 1988: 411, f. 154-159 (Tmf from Cercidia).
f wenzeli (Simon, 1897)....................St. Vincent
Araneus w. Simon, 1897d: 874 (Df).
A. w. Levi, 1988: 438, f. 342-345 (Tf from Araneus).
f weyrauchi Levi, 1988....................Peru
A. w. Levi, 1988: 440, f. 360-363 (Df).
mf xavantina Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. x. Levi, 1988: 455, f. 452-457 (Dmf).
f yotoco Levi, 1988....................Colombia
A. y. Levi, 1988: 473, f. 579-582 (Df).
f yucuma Levi, 1988....................Brazil
A. y. Levi, 1988: 460, f. 491-494 (Df).
m yungas Levi, 1988....................Bolivia
A. y. Levi, 1988: 444, f. 374-375 (Dm).
mf yuto Levi, 1988....................Paraguay, Argentina
A. y. Levi, 1988: 440, f. 354-359 (Dmf).
mf beno Levi, 1994....................Ecuador, Brazil, Surinam
A. b. Levi, 1994: 238, f. 48-52 (Dmf).
mf callaria (Levi, 1991)....................Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
Aculepeira c. Levi, 1991a: 303, f. 564-565 (Dm).
A. c. Levi, 1994: 236, f. 28-40 (Tm from Aculepeira, Df; N.B.: m from Ecuador of Levi, 1991 belongs to A. masaka).
mf herrera Levi, 1989 *....................Peru, Brazil
A. h. Levi, 1989: 98, f. 56-60 (Dmf).
A. h. Levi, 1994: 235, f. 15-23 (mf).
f manaus Levi, 1994....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1994: 236, f. 24-27 (Df).
mf masaka Levi, 1994....................Ecuador, Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1994: 237, f. 41-47 (Dmf).
f buchi Chrysanthus, 1969....................New Guinea, Solomon Is.
A. b. Chrysanthus, 1969: 35, f. 13-14 (Df).
A. b. Chrysanthus, 1971: 34, f. 67-68 (f).
mf depressum (Thorell, 1877)....................China, Myanmar to Sulawesi
Paraplectana depressa Thorell, 1877b: 353 (Df).
Anepsia depressa Simon, 1895a: 868, f. 930.
A. d. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 466, f. 13-17 (f).
A. d. Chrysanthus, 1969: 32, f. 3-5 (Dm).
A. d. Zhu et al, 1994: 26, f. 1A-C (f).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 116, f. 41a-c (f).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 133O-P, 146C (f).
f depressum birmanicum (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Paraplectana depressa birmanica Thorell, 1895: 208 (Df).
A. d. b. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 466, f. 18 (f).
f fuscolimbatum (Simon, 1901)....................Malaysia
Anepsia fuscolimbata Simon, 1901k: 61 (Df).
A. f. Chrysanthus, 1969: 32, f. 1-2 (f).
f hammeni Chrysanthus, 1969....................New Guinea
A. h. Chrysanthus, 1969: 33, f. 6-7 (Df).
A. h. Chrysanthus, 1971: 33, f. 65-66 (f).
f jacobsoni Chrysanthus, 1961....................Indonesia
A. j. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 467, f. 19-21 (Df).
m japonicum Yaginuma, 1962....................China, Japan
Anepsium j. Yaginuma, 1962b: 134, f. 6-8 (Dm).
A. j. Yaginuma, 1986a: 123, f. 65.1 (m).
A. j. Yin et al., 1997: 117, f. 42a-c (m).
A. j. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134B-C, 146D (m).
f maculatum (Thorell, 1897)....................Myanmar
Anepsia maculata Thorell, 1897b: 11 (Df).
A. m. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 469, f. 31-32 (f).
mf maritatum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877)....................Sri Lanka, China to Sulawesi
Paraplectana maritata O. P.-Cambridge, 1877c: 32, pl. 7, f. 7 (Dmf).
Paraplectana picta Thorell, 1877b: 356 (Df).
Paraplectana picta Thorell, 1878b: 19 (Dm).
Paraplectana nigroanalis Hasselt, 1882: 15, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Anepsia maritata Simon, 1905c: 63.
A. m. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 465, f. 3-10 (mf).
A. m. Yaginuma & Wen, 1983: 196, f. 4A-B (f).
A. m. Song, 1987: 158, f. 118 (f).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 118, f. 43a-b (f).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134A, 146E (f).
mf peltoides (Thorell, 1878)....................Australia, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.
Paraplectana p. Thorell, 1878b: 21 (Dj).
Paraplectana p. Strand, 1911d: 155 (Df).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 469, f. 33-34 (f).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1969: 33, f. 9, 11 (Dm).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 33, f. 62-64 (mf).
A. p. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 23 (mf).
f reimoseri Chrysanthus, 1961....................New Guinea
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 469, f. 35-36 (Df).
mf rhomboides (L. Koch, 1867) *....................Samoa
Epeira r. L. Koch, 1867b: 177 (Dmf).
Anepsia r. L. Koch, 1871: 46, pl. 3, f. 8-9 (mf).
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 465, f. 1-2 (f).
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1969: 31, f. 10 (m).
mf roeweri Chrysanthus, 1961....................Taiwan, Philippines, Riouw Is.
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 467, f. 22-27 (Dmf).
A. r. Yoshida, 1991a: 1, f. 1-8 (mf).
f semialbum (Simon, 1880)....................New Caledonia
Paraplectana semialba Simon, 1880i: 168 (Df).
A. s. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 466, f. 11-12 (f).
f villosum (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Paraplectana villosa Thorell, 1877b: 359 (Df).
A. v. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 468, f. 28-30 (f).
mf wichmanni (Kulczyn'ski, 1911)....................New Guinea
Anepsia wichmannii Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 500, pl. 20, f. 59 (Df).
A. w. Chrysanthus, 1961a: 470, f. 37-40 (f, Dm).
A. w. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 207, f. 54-56, 69 (mf).
A. w. Chrysanthus, 1969: 37, f. 12 (m).
f wolffi Chrysanthus, 1969....................Solomon Is.
A. w. Chrysanthus, 1969: 35, f. 15-16 (Df).
f angura Tikader, 1970....................India
A. a. Tikader, 1970: 31, f. 19a-b (Df).
A. a. Tikader, 1982a: 210, f. 411-413 (f).
f caudatella Roewer, 1955....................New Guinea, Queensland
Epeira caudata Bradley, 1876a: 147, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df; preoccupied by Hentz, 1850).
A. caudata Simon, 1895a: 777.
A. c. Roewer, 1955c: 752 (replacement name).
mf feredayi (L. Koch, 1872)....................Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand
Epeira f. L. Koch, 1872a: 122, pl. 11, f. 2 (Df).
A. nigrita Urquhart, 1885: 37 (Df).
A. obtusa Urquhart, 1885: 37 (Df).
A. f. Hickman, 1926: 182, pl. 15, f. 7 (Dm).
A. f. Dondale, 1966: 1160, f. 1G-J (f).
A. f. Uyemura, 1976a: 13, f. 7 (f).
mf heptotubercula Yin, Hu & Wang 1983....................China
A. h. Yin, Hu & Wang, 1983: 1, f. 1A-F, 2A-c (Dmf).
A. h. Feng, 1990: 51, f. 26.1-9 (mf).
A. h. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 100, f. 93.1-7, 94.1-4 (mf).
A. h. Yin et al., 1997: 120, f. 44a-j (mf).
A. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134D-E, H-I, 146F-G (mf).
mf higginsi (L. Koch, 1872)....................Australia, Tasmania
Epeira higginsii L. Koch, 1872a: 120, pl. 11, f. 1 (Df).
A. h. Simon, 1895a: 776, f. 848.
A. h. Butler, 1933: 279, pl. 17, f. 1.
A. h. Hickman, 1967: 60, f. 104-105 (f, Dm).
A. h. Uyemura, 1976a: 13, f. 7 (f).
A. h. Uyemura, 1976b: 23, f. 1.1, 3, 5, 2.3-5, 3.2, 4.2 (f).
A. higginsii Davies, 1988b: 320, f. 41 (f, Dm).
mf logio Yaginuma, 1956....................China, Japan
A. l. Yaginuma, 1956a: 1, f. 1-14 (Dmf).
A. l. Yaginuma, 1960: 66, f. 62 (mf).
A. l. Yaginuma, 1971: 66, f. 62 (mf).
A. l. Hu, 1984: 101, f. 96.1-3 (mf).
A. l. Yaginuma, 1986a: 116, f. 61.1 (mf).
A. l. Chikuni, 1989b: 77, f. 45 (mf).
A. l. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 99, f. 92.1-2 (mf).
A. l. Yin et al., 1997: 121, f. 45a-d (m).
A. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134J, 146H-I (m).
mf melanura Simon, 1867....................India to Japan and Sulawesi
A. m. Simon, 1867: 17 (Df).
A. digitata Thorell, 1877b: 410 (Df).
A. m. Simon, 1895a: 776, f. 847 (f).
A. m. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 203, f. 39-41, 68 (f).
A. m. Tanikawa, 1991a: 12, f. 1-6 (f, Dm).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 122, f. 46a-d (f).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134F-G, 146J (f).
f perfissa (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira p. Thorell, 1895: 175 (Dj).
A. p. Thorell, 1898: 343 (Df).
m pygmaea (Thorell, 1890)....................Nias Is.
Poltys pygmaeus Thorell, 1890b: 29 (Dm).
A. p. Simon, 1895a: 777.
f quinqueapicata Strand, 1911....................Aru Is.
A. q. Strand, 1911d: 148, pl. 5, f. 50 (Df).
f scorpionoides Vinson, 1863 *....................Congo, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mauritius
Arachnoura s. Vinson, 1863: 291, 310, pl. 13, f. 1 (Df).
Hapalochrota caudata Keyserling, 1864: 82, pl. 3, f. 6-11 (Df).
A. scorpionides Uyemura, 1976b: 26, f. 1.2, 4, 6, 2.1-2, 3.1, 4.1 (f).
f simoni Berland, 1924....................New Caledonia
A. s. Berland, 1924a: 218, f. 122-123 (Df).
f spinosa (Saito, 1933)....................Taiwan
Cyclosa s. Saito, 1933b: 52, pl. 3, f. 33 (Df).
A. s. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 51 (Tf from Cyclosa, after Yoshida, 1978).
Transferred to other genera:
A. aballensis albozonatus Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. aballensis angustifolius Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. aballensis bimaculatus Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. aballensis foliatus Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. aballensis nigricans Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. aballensis subconcolor Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. abscissus (Karsch, 1879) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. acacesiiformis Caporiacco, 1954 -- see Eriophora.
A. accentuatus Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. achine Simon, 1906 -- see Neoscona.
A. acinctus (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Zealaranea.
A. aculifer (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Aculepeira.
A. acutus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Alpaida.
A. adiantoides (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Neoscona.
A. adiantus (Walckenaer, 1802) -- see Neoscona.
A. advena Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Parawixia.
A. aequiangulus Franganillo, 1930 -- see Verrucosa.
A. aequiangulus ochraceus Franganillo, 1930 -- see Verrucosa.
A. aestimabilis (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. aestivus (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Zealaranea.
A. affinitatus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Parawixia.
A. agriliformis (Taczanowski, 1879) -- see Micrathena.
A. airensis Denis, 1955 -- see Neoscona.
A. akeholmi Brignoli, 1983 -- see Tatepeira.
A. alberti Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. albini (Scopoli, 1763) -- see Linyphia under Linyphiidae.
A. albiscutum (Urquhart, 1889) -- see Zealaranea.
A. albisectus Mello-Leitão, 1936 -- see Molinaranea.
A. albiventer (Keyserling, 1884) -- see Eustala.
A. albobitriangulosus (Caporiacco, 1939) -- see Neoscona.
A. albolineatus (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. alboniger (Franganillo, 1931) -- see Larinia.
A. albopunctatus (Taczanowski, 1879) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. albostrictus (Urquhart, 1889) -- see Zealaranea.
A. albovittatus (Mello-Leitão, 1941) -- see Aculepeira.
A. alpicus (L. Koch, 1869) -- see Araniella.
A. alternidens Schenkel, 1936 -- see Neoscona.
A. amulensis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Neoscona.
A. angulatulus Schenkel, 1937 -- see Neoscona.
A. angulopictus Schenkel, 1953 -- see Alenatea.
A. angusticlavus (Urquhart, 1892) -- see Zealaranea.
A. annulatus (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Eriophora.
A. annulellus (Strand, 1907) -- see Neoscona.
A. arabescus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Neoscona.
A. arcopictus Schenkel, 1953 -- see Alenatea.
A. argyronotus Mello-Leitão, 1939 -- see Eriophora.
A. armida (Audouin, 1826) -- see Aculepeira.
A. artifex (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. asbenicus Denis, 1955 -- see Pararaneus.
A. astridae (Strand, 1917) -- see Eriophora.
A. atrihastulus (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. aureus (Saito, 1934) -- see Eriophora.
A. australasia (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) -- see Poecilopachys.
A. aysenensis Tullgren, 1902 -- see Molinaranea.
A. benjaminus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Neoscona.
A. bettoni Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. bialbimacula (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Zealaranea.
A. biapicatus (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Eriophora.
A. bicaudatus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. bicoloratus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Parawixia.
A. bicornis (Lepechin, 1774) -- see Gibbaranea bituberculata.
A. bicornutus (Martini & Goeze, 1778) -- see Gibbaranea bituberculata.
A. bicornutus (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Alpaida.
A. bioculatus Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. bituberculatus (Walckenaer, 1802) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. blandus (Blackwall, 1865) -- see Neoscona.
A. blatteus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Eriophora.
A. blondeli (Simon, 1885) -- see Neoscona.
A. borellii Simon, 1897 -- see Alpaida.
A. brouni (Urquhart, 1885) -- see Eriophora.
A. brouni olivinius (Urquhart, 1889) -- see Zealaranea.
A. bucheti Lessert, 1930 -- see Neoscona.
A. calciope Simon, 1895 -- see Chorizopes.
A. calix (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Metazygia.
A. calotypus (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Alpaida.
A. capitalis (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Eriophora.
A. caputlupi (Doleschall, 1859) -- see Parawixia.
A. carbonarioides (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Aculepeira.
A. carbonarius (L. Koch, 1869) -- see Aculepeira.
A. carbonarius sinensis Schenkel, 1953 -- see Aculepeira.
A. carenatus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. carmineus (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Alpaida.
A. carolinalis (Archer, 1951) -- see Metazygia.
A. carteri Badcock, 1932 -- see Alpaida.
A. castaneoscutatus Simon, 1895 -- see Metazygia.
A. catawba (Banks, 1911) -- see Colphepeira.
A. caudacutus (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Mecynometa under Tetragnathidae.
A. cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963 -- see Eriovixia.
A. cedrorum Simon, 1929 -- see Nuctenea.
A. centrodes (Thorell, 1887) -- see Cyclosa.
A. cerasiae (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Acanthepeira.
A. cereolellus (Strand, 1907) -- see Neoscona.
A. ceropegius (Walckenaer, 1802) -- see Aculepeira.
A. cerviniventris (Simon, 1884) -- see Neoscona.
A. chabarovi Bakhvalov, 1981 -- see Larinioides.
A. championi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Alpaida.
A. charitonovi (Ermolajew, 1928) -- see Aculepeira.
A. cheesmanae Berland, 1938 -- see Neoscona.
A. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) -- see Neoscona.
A. chilensis (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
A. cinaberinus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
A. citrinellus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Alpaida.
A. citrinus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. clymene (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
A. collinus (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Eriophora.
A. collusor Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Heterognatha.
A. compsus (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Metepeira.
A. confusionis (Strand, 1906) -- see Pararaneus.
A. conicus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Alpaida.
A. conifer (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Neoscona.
A. coniformis (Roewer, 1942) -- see Alpaida.
A. consequus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. cooksoni (Butler, 1877) -- see Neoscona.
A. cordiformis (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Cyrtophora.
A. cornutus Clerck, 1757 -- see Larinioides.
A. coroniger (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Parawixia.
A. cossoni (Simon, 1885) -- see Araniella.
A. crassicaudex (Thorell, 1899) -- see Pararaneus.
A. crassus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Zealaranea.
A. crewi (Banks, 1903) -- see Metazygia.
A. croaticus Kulczyn'ski, 1905 -- see Araniella.
A. crucifer (Lucas, 1839) -- see Neoscona.
A. crucifer albimaculatus (Strand, 1908) -- see Neoscona.
A. crucifer ladislausi (Strand, 1908) -- see Neoscona.
A. crucifer ochroleucellus (Strand, 1908) -- see Neoscona.
A. crucifer pyramidellus (Strand, 1908) -- see Neoscona.
A. cruciferoides (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. crucinotatus (Pokrowsky, 1904) -- see Zygiella.
A. cucurbitinus (Linnaeus, 1758) -- see Araniella.
A. cucurbitinus maderianus Kulczyn'ski, 1905 -- see Araniella.
A. cucurbitinus opisthographus Kulczyn'ski, 1905 -- see Araniella.
A. cutucensis (Kraus, 1955) -- see Aculepeira.
A. cylicophorus Badcock, 1932 -- see Verrucosa.
A. cylindriformis (Roewer, 1942) -- see Linyphiidae incertae sedis.
A. cyrtophoroides (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Kapogea.
A. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) -- see Pararaneus.
A. danensis (Strand, 1906) -- see Neoscona.
A. darolicola (Strand, 1906) -- see Pararaneus.
A. davidi Schenkel, 1963 -- see Alenatea.
A. davisi (Hingston, 1932) -- see Spilasma.
A. dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) -- see Parawixia.
A. delicatus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. deliciosus (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Alpaida.
A. designatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 -- see Alpaida.
A. devius (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) -- see Eustala.
A. diegensis Schenkel, 1950 -- see Eustala.
A. dilatatus (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Metazygia.
A. discolorus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Colaranea.
A. displicatus (Hentz, 1847) -- see Araniella.
A. dissimulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Mimetus under Mimetidae.
A. doenitzi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Neoscona.
A. dorsatulus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Parawixia.
A. dubius (Keyserling, 1863) -- see Metazygia.
A. dufouri (Simon, 1874) -- see Siwa.
A. dumetorum (Fourcroy, 1785) -- see Larinioides.
A. dumicola (Urquhart, 1888) -- see Zealaranea.
A. duocyphus Chamberlin, 1916 -- see Ocrepeira.
A. edwardianus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. egregius Kulczyn'ski, 1911 -- see Neogea.
A. electus (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Kaira.
A. elinguis (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Bertrana.
A. emertoni (Banks, 1904) -- see Eustala.
A. eriophoroides Caporiacco, 1954 -- see Parawixia.
A. errans (Roewer, 1942) -- see Metazygia.
A. erraticus (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Metazygia.
A. essequibensis (Hingston, 1932) -- see Eustala.
A. excelsus (Simon, 1889) -- see Eriovixia.
A. eximius (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) -- see Neoscona.
A. fasciolatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Mastophora.
A. fernandensis Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. fiebrigi (Dahl, 1906) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. flavicomus (Simon, 1880) -- see Eriophora.
A. flavifrons (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. flaviventris (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
A. flavomaculatus (Urquhart, 1889) -- see Colaranea.
A. foliatus (Fourcroy, 1785) -- see Larinioides.
A. folisecens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Hingstepeira.
A. folium Schrank, 1803 -- see Larinioides.
A. formicae Tullgren, 1910 -- see Neoscona.
A. franganilloides Brignoli, 1983 -- see Kapogea.
A. fratrellus (Chamberlin, 1924) -- see Heurodes.
A. fuliginatus (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Cyclosa.
A. fuligineus (C. L. Koch, 1838) -- see Eriophora.
A. furcifer (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Verrucosa.
A. fuscocoloratus (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Alenatea.
A. galatheae (Thorell, 1891) -- see Metepeira.
A. galbanus (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Colaranea.
A. geayi (Caporiacco, 1954) -- see Eriophora.
A. genialis (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
A. gerhardti Caporiacco, 1949 -- see Neoscona.
A. gibbosus (Walckenaer, 1802) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. globiger Hogg, 1913 -- see Molinaranea.
A. glomerabilis (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
A. glomosus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Cyclosa.
A. gracilentus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Argiope.
A. gracilis (Menge, 1879) -- see Larinioides.
A. granatai Caporiacco, 1941 -- see Neoscona.
A. graphicus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Alpaida.
A. gravabilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Aculepeira.
A. grayi (Blackwall, 1863) -- see Alpaida.
A. gressus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metepeira.
A. hallucinor Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Acacesia.
A. haploscapus Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. helvolus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Aculepeira.
A. herbeoides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Mangora.
A. heroine (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Eriophora.
A. hetian Hu & Wu, 1989 -- see Gibbaranea.
A. hirtipedatus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Mangora.
A. hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Mangora.
A. hirtus (C. L. Koch, 1844) -- see Neoscona.
A. hispidus (C. L. Koch, 1844) -- see Eriophora.
A. hoffmanni Schenkel, 1937 -- see Neoscona.
A. holmi Schenkel, 1953 -- see Neoscona.
A. hoplophallus Pocock, 1899 -- see Pararaneus.
A. hyadesi (Simon, 1884) -- see Parawixia.
A. hyperboreus Kulczyn'ski, 1908 -- see Aculepeira.
A. ikomosanensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Cyrtophora.
A. immundus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. incertus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Metazygia.
A. inconspicuus (Simon, 1874) -- see Araniella.
A. inexplicabilis Badcock, 1932 -- see Alpaida.
A. invisibilis (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. iris (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Acanthepeira.
A. itemvarians Bonnet, 1955 -- see Hypsosinga.
A. ithaca (McCook, 1894) -- see Larinioides.
A. ixobolus (Thorell, 1873) -- see Larinioides.
A. karabagi Karol, 1965 -- see Aculepeira.
A. kariae (Strand, 1919) -- see Aculepeira.
A. katangae Giltay, 1935 -- see Neoscona.
A. keyserlingi (Roewer, 1942) -- see Metepeira.
A. kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Parawixia.
A. koratsensis (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) -- see Neoscona.
A. lacteus Saito, 1933 -- see Neoscona.
A. laevigatus (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Novaranea.
A. laglaizei (Simon, 1877) -- see Eriovixia.
A. lambarenensis Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. lamentarius (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Spilasma.
A. lanuginosus (Lenz, 1886) -- see Neoscona.
A. lapillulus Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. laticeps (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Metazygia.
A. latro (Fabricius, 1781) -- see Alpaida.
A. leimenstolli Strand, 1906 -- see Neoscona.
A. lencoranicus Bakhvalov, 1983 -- see Aculepeira.
A. leucaspis Schenkel, 1963 -- see Neoscona.
A. leuciscus (Urquhart, 1891) -- see Eriophora.
A. lewisi (Archer, 1958) -- see Lewisepeira.
A. limbatus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Euryopis under Theridiidae.
A. locuples (Butler, 1879) -- see Neoscona.
A. lodiculafaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
A. lunulifer (Reimoser, 1938) -- see Pararaneus.
A. lunulus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Ursa.
A. lyratus (Fischer-Waldheim, 1830) -- see Larinioides.
A. maculaticeps (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Neoscona.
A. mammifer Tullgren, 1902 -- see Molinaranea.
A. manicatus Simon, 1895 -- see Alpaida.
A. manicola (Strand, 1906) -- see Pararaneus.
A. marcuzzii Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Neoscona.
A. margaritaceus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Heterognatha.
A. marshalli Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. melanopa (Gerstäcker, 1873) -- see Neoscona.
A. melloi Brignoli, 1983 -- see Aculepeira.
A. melloteei Simon, 1896 -- see Neoscona.
A. melo (Krynicki, 1837) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. mensamontis Pocock, 1900 -- see Neoscona.
A. mesonauta Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. messalina (Hasselt, 1888) -- see Eriophora.
A. minas (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
A. minimus (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Neoscona.
A. moatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 -- see Alpaida.
A. modestus (Simon, 1890) -- see Neoscona.
A. molinai (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Molinaranea.
A. monticola (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
A. moraballii (Hingston, 1932) -- see Metazygia.
A. mormon (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Larinia.
A. multiplicans (Chamberlin, 1924) -- see Neoscona.
A. multipunctatus Simon, 1895 -- see Alpaida.
A. mundanius (Roewer, 1942) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. mundulellus (Strand, 1915) -- see Metazygia.
A. mundulus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
A. musivus (Hasselt, 1888) -- see Eriophora.
A. mutatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 -- see Alpaida.
A. mutilatus Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Neoscona.
A. naevius (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. naiba (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929) -- see Neoscona.
A. nanshanensis Yin et al., 1990 -- see Chorizopes.
A. napiformis (Thorell, 1899) -- see Eriovixia.
A. nauticus (L. Koch, 1875) -- see Neoscona.
A. neotheis Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Neoscona.
A. nephiloides trapezoidalis Franganillo, 1930 -- see Eriophora.
A. neptuninus (Mello-Leitão, 1948) -- see Dubiepeira.
A. netus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) -- see Singa.
A. neufvilleorum Lessert, 1930 -- see Eriophora.
A. nicaraguensis (Keyserling, 1885) -- see Eriophora.
A. nidificans (Hingston, 1932) -- see Neoscona.
A. nigritus Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. nigritus fernandensis Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. nigriventris (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Metepeira.
A. nigrocinctus (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Metazygia.
A. nigrofrenatus Simon, 1895 -- see Alpaida.
A. nigrohastulus (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. nigrolineatus Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Acacesia.
A. nigropunctatulus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Alpaida.
A. nigropustulatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893) -- see Alpaida.
A. nigrostriatus Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Neoscona.
A. nigrostriatus nigrovittatus Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Neoscona.
A. nocturnellus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Neoscona.
A. nordenskioldi (Tullgren, 1905) -- see Parawixia.
A. noseki Strand, 1907 -- see Aculepeira.
A. novellus Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1863) -- see Neoscona.
A. obliteratus (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Parawixia.
A. occidaneus Simon, 1907 -- see Neoscona.
A. ochraceus (Grube, 1861) -- see Cercidia.
A. odites Simon, 1906 -- see Neoscona.
A. omoedus (Thorell, 1870) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. opimus (L. Koch, 1878) -- see Neoscona.
A. orinus (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Eustala.
A. orizabensis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Neoscona.
A. oviger (Panzer, 1804) -- see Larinioides.
A. pachanus Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. pallidulus (Keyserling, 1864) -- see Metazygia.
A. palloides Roewer, 1955 -- see Metazygia.
A. pantherinus (Taczanowski, 1872) -- see Alpaida.
A. paracymbifer (Strand, 1906) -- see Pararaneus.
A. paraopeba Mello-Leitão, 1917 -- see Parawixia.
A. parascylla Schenkel, 1963 -- see Neoscona.
A. patagiatus Clerck, 1757 -- see Larinioides.
A. patagonicus Tullgren, 1901 -- see Molinaranea.
A. pavidus Simon, 1906 -- see Neoscona.
A. peckhami (McCook, 1894) -- see Metellina under Tetragnathidae.
A. pentagonus (Hentz, 1850) -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
A. perforatus (Thorell, 1899) -- see Pararaneus.
A. perperus Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Carepalxis.
A. perplicatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) -- see Neoscona.
A. petasatus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Eustala.
A. phaetontis Simon, 1896 -- see Molinaranea.
A. platyparomma (Caporiacco, 1939) -- see Neoscona.
A. plebejus (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Neoscona.
A. porculus (Simon, 1877) -- see Heurodes.
A. potanini Simon, 1895 -- see Larinioides.
A. potteri Simon, 1901 -- see Neoscona.
A. pratensis (Hentz, 1847) -- see Neoscona.
A. productus (L. Koch, 1867) -- see Eriophora.
A. proximus (Kulczyn'ski, 1885) -- see Araniella.
A. pseudocentrodes (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Eriovixia.
A. pseudoscylla Schenkel, 1953 -- see Neoscona.
A. psyllus (Thorell, 1887) -- see Cyclosa.
A. pubiventris (Simon, 1889) -- see Larinia.
A. punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) -- see Neoscona.
A. punctipes (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Mangora.
A. purpurus (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Zealaranea.
A. pustulosus (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Eriophora.
A. quadriloratus Simon, 1897 -- see Alpaida.
A. quadrimaculosus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Molinaranea.
A. raptus Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. redemptus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. redii (Scopoli, 1763) -- see Agalenatea.
A. restiarius (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. restiarius obscurus (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. rhinurus Pocock, 1899 -- see Eriovixia.
A. rhodomelas (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Alpaida.
A. ribeiroi Mello-Leitão, 1917 -- see Parawixia.
A. rivalis (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
A. roemeri (Strand, 1908) -- see Alpaida.
A. rostratulus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. rostratus (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Mangora.
A. rubellulus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. rubens (Hentz, 1847) -- see Hypsosinga.
A. rubroguttulatus (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Eustala.
A. rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858) -- see Neoscona.
A. rufofemoratus (Simon, 1884) -- see Neoscona.
A. rugosus Badcock, 1932 -- see Parawixia.
A. rugosus Franganillo, 1936 -- see Kapogea.
A. rumpfi (Thorell, 1878) -- see Neoscona.
A. sacer (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Neoscona.
A. sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) -- see Eriophora.
A. salaeria (Chamberlin, 1920) -- see Neoscona.
A. salei (Keyserling, 1863) -- see Metepeira.
A. sandrei Simon, 1895 -- see Alpaida.
A. sanguipes (Thorell, 1899) -- see Pararaneus.
A. sanguipes antepictus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes constrictifascius Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes decoratellus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes indistinctepictus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes lanceolatellus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes monotonius Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes nigrifoliatus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. sanguipes recurvatus Strand, 1913 -- see Neoscona.
A. santa (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Metepeira.
A. sargi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Aculepeira.
A. saxitalis (Urquhart, 1887) -- see Zealaranea.
A. sclopetarius Clerck, 1757 -- see Larinioides.
A. scrofa (Molina, 1788) -- see Phrixotrichus under Theraphosidae.
A. scylla nigromaculatus Yaginuma, 1961 -- see Neoscona.
A. seditiosus (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Metepeira.
A. semilunaris (Karsch, 1879) -- see Neoscona.
A. septemmammatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Alpaida.
A. septentrionalis Kulczyn'ski, 1908 -- see Aculepeira.
A. sericatus Clerck, 1757 -- see Larinioides.
A. sermonifer Mello-Leitão, 1932 -- see Parawixia.
A. setospinosus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 -- see Cyrtophora.
A. setosus (Mello-Leitão, 1948) -- see Parawixia.
A. sexpunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) -- see Nuctenea.
A. sextus (Chamberlin, 1916) -- see Kaira.
A. sia (Strand, 1906) -- see Yaginumia.
A. silvicultrix (C. L. Koch, 1845) -- see Nuctenea.
A. similaris (Urquhart, 1890) -- see Zealaranea.
A. simplicissimus (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Metazygia.
A. singularis (Banks, 1898) -- see Neoscona.
A. sinhagadensis Tikader, 1975 -- see Neoscona.
A. slateri (Butler, 1879) -- see Neoscona.
A. spasskyi Brignoli, 1983 -- see Neoscona.
A. spectator (Karsch, 1886) -- see Pararaneus.
A. spenceri Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. spiniger (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) -- see Alpaida.
A. stanleyi Lessert, 1930 -- see Neoscona.
A. strenuus (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Mangora.
A. streptoceros Pocock, 1898 -- see Pararaneus.
A. subbituberculatus Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. subcomptus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Cryptaranea.
A. subfuscus (C. L. Koch, 1837) -- see Neoscona.
A. submodestus (Strand, 1906) -- see Neoscona.
A. subpullatus (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Neoscona.
A. suedicola (Simon, 1890) -- see Pararaneus.
A. suedicola pardalis Simon, 1907 -- see Pararaneus.
A. surculorum Simon, 1896 -- see Molinaranea.
A. suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) -- see Larinioides.
A. tabula Simon, 1895 -- see Alpaida.
A. taczanowskii Simon, 1897 -- see Alpaida.
A. talishius (Zawadsky, 1902) -- see Aculepeira.
A. taruensis Pocock, 1898 -- see Neoscona.
A. tatarendensis (Tullgren, 1905) -- see Tatepeira.
A. tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1997 -- see Araniella.
A. tedgenicus Bakhvalov, 1978 -- see Aculepeira.
A. temerarius Tullgren, 1910 -- see Neoscona.
A. tenellus (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Wixia.
A. theisi (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Neoscona.
A. theisiellus (Tullgren, 1910) -- see Neoscona.
A. thyridotus (Thorell, 1870) -- see Eriophora.
A. tokachianus Saito, 1934 -- see Eriophora.
A. transitorius (C. L. Koch, 1839) -- see Wagneriana.
A. transmarinus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Eriophora.
A. transversalis (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Ursa.
A. trapezoides (Karsch, 1879) -- see Eriophora.
A. travassosi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) -- see Aculepeira.
A. tricolor (Fischer-Waldheim, 1830) -- see Larinioides.
A. trigonellus Caporiacco, 1954 -- see Ocrepeira.
A. trilineatus (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Alpaida.
A. trinitatis Hogg, 1918 -- see Eustala.
A. trisignatus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Alpaida.
A. trispinosus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Alpaida.
A. tristimoniae Petrunkevitch, 1911 -- see Neoscona.
A. trituberculosus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Novakia.
A. tubulofaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Micrepeira.
A. tullgreni Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Neoscona.
A. tullgreni obscuratus Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Neoscona.
A. tumidus (Taczanowski, 1879) -- see Wagneriana.
A. tuonabo Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 -- see Alpaida.
A. turbinatus (Thorell, 1899) -- see Eriovixia.
A. turritus (Keyserling, 1886) -- see Heurodes.
A. tyloscapus Pocock, 1899 -- see Pararaneus.
A. ullrichi (Hahn, 1835) -- see Gibbaranea.
A. umbraticus Clerck, 1757 -- see Nuctenea.
A. uncivulva (Strand, 1907) -- see Pararaneus.
A. undatus (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Zealaranea.
A. undulatus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
A. unguiformis (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Alpaida.
A. ursinus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Eriophora.
A. utahanus (Chamberlin, 1919) -- see Neoscona.
A. vachoni Karol, 1964 -- see Aculepeira.
A. vallentini Hogg, 1913 -- see Molinaranea.
A. variabilis (Keyserling, 1863) -- see Alpaida.
A. varians Thorell, 1899 -- see Neoscona.
A. vegae Holm, 1970 -- see Aculepeira.
A. velutinus (Taczanowski, 1878) -- see Parawixia.
A. veniliae (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Alpaida.
A. venustulus (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. verecundus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Ocrepeira.
A. victoria (Thorell, 1870) -- see Aculepeira.
A. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) -- see Neoscona.
A. vigilax (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Metepeira.
A. viridipedatus (Roewer, 1942) -- see Eustala.
A. viridis (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Eriophora.
A. viriditas (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Colaranea.
A. viriditas hastatus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Colaranea.
A. viriditas lineolus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Colaranea.
A. viriditas veruinus (Urquhart, 1886) -- see Colaranea.
A. viriosus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
A. voluptificus (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
A. vulgaris (Hentz, 1847) -- see Neoscona.
A. wagenknechti (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Molinaranea.
A. wagneri (Rainbow, 1896) -- see Phonognatha under Tetragnathidae.
A. wenzeli Simon, 1897 -- see Alpaida.
A. zebra (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Verrucosa.
A. zelotypus (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Chrysometa under Tetragnathidae.
A. zilloides (Banks, 1898) -- see Metazygia.
In synonymy:
A. abundus (Taczanowski, 1878) = A. bogotensis (Keyserling, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 196).
A. albosigillatus (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Larinia) = A. omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893) (Levi, 1991a: 202).
A. angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) = A. angulatus Clerck, 1757 (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
A. arabescus (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Metepeira) = A. corporosus (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1991a: 206).
A. atlantis (Archer, 1951) = A. partitus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 510).
A. badianus (Roewer, 1961, T from Larinia) = A. aethiopissa Simon, 1907 (Grasshoff, 1970b: 218).
A. bellus (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942) = A. pegnia (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1981b: 255).
A. biplagiatus (Bertkau, 1880) = A. unanimus (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1991a: 203).
A. bourgeoisi Berland, 1913 = A. meropes (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1991a: 223).
A. cambridgei (Roewer, 1942) = A. rufipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 234).
A. candidus Simon, 1895 = A. uniformis (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1991a: 246).
A. canmorus Schenkel, 1950 = A. gemmoides Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 (Levi, 1971a: 171).
A. chasisus (Zhu & Song, 1994, T from Neoscona) = A. pallasi Thorell, 1875 (Marusik, Logunov & Koponen, 2000: 12).
A. chiricahua Levi, 1973 = A. guerrerensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Levi, 1991a: 285).
A. darlingtoni Archer, 1951 = A. nordmanni (Thorell, 1870) (Levi, 1971a: 152).
A. dawsoni (Archer, 1951) = A. miniatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 508).
A. delineatus (Mello-Leitão, 1943, T from Metepeira) = A. corporosus (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1991a: 206).
A. denningi Archer, 1951 = A. corticarius (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1971a: 158).
A. diadematus (Linnaeus, 1758) = A. diadematus Clerck, 1757 (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
A. dubius (Dönitz & Strand, 1906, T from Lithyphantes=Steatoda) = A. ejusmodi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Yaginuma, 1954e: 26).
A. farinosus (Mello-Leitão, 1941) = A. omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893) (Levi, 1991a: 202).
A. flavidus Yin et al., 1990 = A. quadratus Clerck, 1757 (Marusik, Logunov & Koponen, 2000: 13).
A. floridanus (Banks, 1896) = A. juniperi (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1973: 522).
A. floridensis (Banks, 1904) = A. miniatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 508).
A. foratus (Keyserling, 1893) = A. niveus (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 104).
A. gertschi (Archer, 1951) = A. mammatus (Archer, 1951) (Levi, 1973: 500).
A. gigas (Leach, 1815, removed from S of A. raji) = A. bicentenarius (McCook, 1888) (Levi, 1971a: 143, older name suppressed by petition to ICZN).
A. glabratus (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) = A. guttatus (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1991a: 254).
A. glyphicus (Archer, 1951) = A. guttulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 530).
A. gosoganus (Chamberlin, 1920) = A. trifolium (Hentz, 1847) (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 94).
A. gratuitus Petrunkevitch, 1911 = A. expletus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 231).
A. griseomaculatus (Yin & Wang, 1982, T from Neoscona) = A. ellipticus (Tikader & Bal, 1981) (Yin et al., 1997: 347, sub Neoscona).
A. innominatus (Archer, 1951) = A. cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 526).
A. issiculus Bakhvalov, 1981 = A. pallasi Thorell, 1875 (Marusik, 1989b: 41).
A. kisatchia Archer, 1951 = A. bicentenarius (McCook, 1888) (Levi, 1971a: 143).
A. lacteus (Mello-Leitão, 1944, T from Eustala) = A. corporosus (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1991a: 207).
A. leitaoi Brignoli, 1983 = A. guttatus (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1991a: 254).
A. linteatus (McCook, 1894) = A. detrimentosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1973: 542).
A. llano (Archer, 1951) = A. juniperi (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1973: 522).
A. lucidus (Keyserling, 1884) = A. uniformis (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1991a: 246).
A. maculifrons Oliger, 1983 = A. tsuno Yaginuma, 1972 (Marusik, 1989b: 42).
A. magnus (Caporiacco, 1955) = A. bogotensis (Keyserling, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 196).
A. manitobae Archer, 1951 = A. groenlandicola (Strand, 1906) (Levi, 1971a: 164).
A. marylandicus (Archer, 1951) = A. cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 526).
A. mayo (McCook, 1894, removed from S of A. miniatus) = A. triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1973: 492).
A. montanus (Archer, 1951) = A. thaddeus (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1973: 544).
A. mumai (Archer, 1951) = A. juniperi (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1973: 522).
A. nawazi (Dyal, 1935) = A. mitificus (Simon, 1886) (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 638).
A. nigrofoliatus (Keyserling, 1884) = A. miniatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 506).
A. nivosus (Archer, 1951) = A. niveus (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1973: 528).
A. nobilis (Mello-Leitão, 1944, T from Larinia) = A. corporosus (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1991a: 207).
A. ozarkensis (Archer, 1951) = A. cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 526).
A. pachygnathoides Schenkel, 1963 = A. ejusmodi Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Zhu, 1983: 20).
A. papuanus Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = A. cyrtarachnoides (Keyserling, 1887) (Chrysanthus, 1960: 36).
A. peruvianus (Taczanowski, 1878) = A. venatrix (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1991a: 252).
A. piatus (Roewer, 1942) = A. ventricosus (L. Koch, 1878) (Song, 1988: 128).
A. pima Levi, 1971 = A. illaudatus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) (Levi, 1975c: 268).
A. pirus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 = A. gemma (McCook, 1888) (Levi, 1971a: 172).
A. plesius (Chamberlin, 1916) = A. meropes (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1991a: 223).
A. pseudomelas Archer, 1951 = A. nordmanni (Thorell, 1870) (Levi, 1971a: 152).
A. punctillatus (Keyserling, 1879, removed from S of A. miniatus) = A. partitus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 510).
A. quechuanus (Chamberlin, 1916) = A. bogotensis (Keyserling, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 196).
A. raji (Scopoli, 1763) = A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757 (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
A. raji betulae (Sulzer, 1776) = A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757 (Roberts, 1985: 208).
A. reaumuri (Scopoli, 1763) = A. quadratus Clerck, 1757 (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
A. reptilis (Keyserling, 1892) = A. pratensis (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1973: 492).
A. sachimau Archer, 1951 = A. iviei Archer, 1951 (Levi, 1971a: 162).
A. sanguinalis (Hentz, 1847) = A. guttulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 530).
A. sarasota (Archer, 1951) = A. juniperi (Emerton, 1884) (Levi, 1973: 522).
A. septimus (Hentz, 1847) = A. trifolium (Hentz, 1847) (Archer, 1940: 46, but see Levi, 1971b: 287).
A. silvaticus (Emerton, 1884, removed from S of A. solitarius) = A. nordmanni (Thorell, 1870) (Levi, 1971a: 150).
A. similellus (Roewer, 1942) = A. guttatus (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1991a: 254).
A. sinister (Thorell, 1873) = A. saevus (L. Koch, 1872) (Tullgren, 1952: 164).
A. sinuoscapus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = A. venatrix (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1991a: 252).
A. smithi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898) = A. expletus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 231).
A. solersioides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) = A. pegnia (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1973: 546).
A. solitarius (Emerton, 1884) = A. saevus (L. Koch, 1872) (Levi, 1971a: 148).
A. styliger (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) = A. expletus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 231).
A. trifolium candicans (McCook, 1894) = A. trifolium (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1971a: 167).
A. tusigia (Chamberlin, 1919) = A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757 (Levi, 1971a: 156).
A. unicus (Archer, 1951) = A. bonsallae (McCook, 1894) (Levi, 1973: 524).
A. vespae (Strand, 1908) = A. uniformis (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1991a: 246).
A. vesta (Bryant, 1948) = A. detrimentosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 269).
A. zimmermanni (Thorell, 1875) = A. saevus (L. Koch, 1872) (Tullgren, 1952: 164).
Homonyms replaced:
A. bipunctatus (Mello-Leitão, 1948) -- see A. guttatus.
A. blandus (Bryant, 1945) -- see A. elizabethae.
A. bryantae (Brignoli, 1983, T from Meta) -- see A. elizabethae.
A. conicus Franganillo, 1946 -- see A. balboae (nomen dubium).
A. cruciferoides Spassky, 1952 -- see Neoscona tedgenica.
A. holmi Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Wixia tatarendensis.
A. miniatus (Archer, 1951) -- see A. allani.
A. niger Franganillo, 1936 -- see A. franganillianus (nomen dubium).
A. nigropunctatus Rainbow, 1920 -- see A. rainbowi.
A. parvus (Bryant, 1945) -- see A. bryantae.
Nomina dubia:
NOTE: For a listing of early names (established prior to 1825) described in Aranea or Araneus (in the sense including all spiders) and not subsequently recognized, see Bonnet, 1955: 399-406, 408. Such names are mentioned here only if they have been cited in more recent literature.
A. accinctus (Walckenaer, 1842: 111, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1476.
A. aciculatus (Walckenaer, 1842: 128, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1476.
A. affixus (Walckenaer, 1842: 112, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1476.
A. ambagiosus (Walckenaer, 1842: 113, Spain, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1477.
A. anaglyphe (Walckenaer, 1842: 128, f, USA, originally in Epeira) -- never used.
A. angustatus (Martini & Goeze, in Lister, 1778: 301, originally in Aranea) -- Bonnet, 1958: 3074.
A. anuncinatus Franganillo, 1930: 28 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1971b: 287.
A. anuncinatus depilosus Franganillo, 1930: 29 (Cuba, omitted by Roewer) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. approximatus (Blackwall, 1846a: 80, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971a: 167.
A. astutus (Blackwall, 1863a: 36, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. austerus Workman, 1900: 133 (f, Java) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. balboae Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name for A. conicus Franganillo, 1946: 97, f. 1-2, f, Cuba, preoccupied by Pallas, 1772) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. bantamensis Workman, 1900: 141 (f, Malaysia) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. bicolor (Fabricius, 1798: 291, Brazil, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1395.
A. bilineatus (Cantor, 1842: 492, China, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1395.1478.
A. bormensis Berland, 1913b: 94, pl. 9, f. 46-47 (f, Ecuador) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. bourguyi Mello-Leitão, 1915a: 135 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. callidulus (Roewer, 1942a: 859, replacement name for Epeira callida Walckenaer, 1842: 68, f, USA, preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1802 sub Aranea) -- never used.
A. carnifex (Fabricius, 1775: 486, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1395, Bonnet, 1956: 1052.
A. cautus (Walckenaer, 1842: 35, 127, mf, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. clercki (Walckenaer, 1842: 34, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1479.
A. consimilis Mello-Leitão, 1915a: 133 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. contestationis Caporiacco, 1954: 105, f. 25, 25a-b (f, French Guiana) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. crux (Roewer, 1942a: 840, replacement name for Epeira cruciata Nicolet, 1849: 494, f, Chile, preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805) -- Levi, 1991a: 180.
A. decaspinus (Taczanowski, 1873: 143, f, French Guiana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. depressatus (Roewer, 1942a: 841, replacement name for Epeira depressa Walckenaer, 1842: 134, f, Brazil, preoccupied by Razoumowsky, 1789) -- Levi, 1991a: 180.
A. elegantulus (Roewer, 1942a: 841, replacement name for Epeira elegans Blackwall, 1862b: 431, f, Brazil, preoccupied by Meyer, 1790, sub Aranea) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. emphanus (Walckenaer, 1842: 74, f, USA, originally in Epeira) -- never used.
A. ergaster (Walckenaer, 1842: 55, f, USA, originally in Epeira) -- never used.
A. esuriens (Fabricius, 1798: 291. Mauritius, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1397.
A. fascinatrix (Walckenaer, 1842: 111, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1481.
A. foliplicans (Hingston, 1932: 367, f, Guyana, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, Levi, 1995b: 209.
A. franganillianus Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name for A. niger Franganillo, 1936c: 73, f, Cuba, preoccupied by Lister, 1778) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. fuligineus romboidalis Franganillo, 1930: 25 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1971b: 292.
A. fuligineus sanguineus Franganillo, 1930: 25 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1971b: 292.
A. fuliginosus (Walckenaer, 1842: 41, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. fulvus (Walckenaer, 1842: 129, f, USA, originally in Epeira) -- never used.
A. fumidus (Blackwall, 1862b: 433, m, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. gracilipes (Blackwall, 1862b: 437, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1482.
A. grammicus (Blackwall, 1862b: 434, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. heraldicus (Cantor, 1842: 492, China, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1483.
A. incertus (C. L. Koch, 1843: 100, originally in Atea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1419.
A. intersectus (Fourcroy, 1785: 532, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1398.
A. intrepidus Mello-Leitão, 1915a: 134 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. itatiayae Mello-Leitão, 1915a: 133 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. jaspidatus (Walckenaer, 1842: 59, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971a: 167.
A. jucundus (Walckenaer, 1842: 110, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1484.
A. lepidus (Blackwall, 1862b: 430, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. liliputanus (Nicolet, 1849: 501, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1484.
A. luteolus (Blackwall, 1862b: 435, m, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. magellanicus (Walckenaer, 1847a: 467, f, Argentina, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. malangensis Workman, 1900: 144 (m, Malaysia) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. melanillus (Roewer, 1942a: 829, replacement name, sub Aranea, for Epeira melania Urquhart, 1891a: 166, f, New Zealand, preoccupied by L. Koch, 1871) -- Court & Forster, 1988: 69.
A. minutellus (Roewer, 1942a: 847, replacement name for Epeira minuta Nicolet, 1849: 508, f, Chile, preoccupied by Meyer, 1790 sub Aranea) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. mucronatus (Blackwall, 1862b: 438, m, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. multiguttatus (Blackwall, 1862b: 432, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. mundatulus (Roewer, 1942a: 847, replacement name for Epeira munda Blackwall, 1863a: 33, f, Brazil, preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1836) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. nigrocellatus Caporiacco, 1954: 110, f. 28 (f, French Guiana) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. nitidus (Walckenaer, 1842: 110, locality unknown, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1486.
A. nobilis (Fabricius, 1798, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1400, Bonnet, 1958: 4104.
A. novellus Workman, 1900: 137 (f, Singapore) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. ophir Workman, 1900: 142 (f, Singapore) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. pallidus Workman, 1900: 135 (f, Malaysia) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. perfoliatus Franganillo, 1930: 28 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1971b: 287, 1991a: 181.
A. perplexus (Walckenaer, 1842: 101, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. petri Simon, 1897e: 6 (j, Paraguay) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. prostypa (Walckenaer, 1842: 136, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. prudens (Walckenaer, 1842: 135, New Guinea, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1487.
A. quadripunctatulus (Roewer, 1942a: 850, replacement name for Epeira quadripunctata Nicolet, 1849: 495 (f, Chile, preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1758 sub Aranea) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. rapaxatus (Roewer, 1942a: 850, replacement name for Epeira rapax Blackwall, 1863a: 32, m, Brazil, preoccupied by Fabricius, 1798 sub Aranea) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. rubriventer (Martini & Goeze, in Lister, 1778: 260, originally in Aranea) -- Bonnet, 1959: 4879.
A. russatus Workman, 1900: 134 (f, Singapore) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. rusticus Workman, 1900: 136 (f, Malaysia) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. sacculifaciens (Hingston, 1932: 364, f, Guyana) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, 1995b: 209.
A. scitulus (Blackwall, 1863a: 37, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. scurrilis Workman, 1900: 143 (m, Malaysia) -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
A. segmentatulus (Roewer, 1942a: 863, replacement name for Epeira segmentata Walckenaer, 1842: 120, f, USA) -- never used.
A. sinuatus (Walckenaer, 1842: 137, Southeast Asia, originally in Epeira) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1489.
A. spira (Walckenaer, 1842: 80, f, Brazil, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. spithameus (Blumenbach, 1782: 396, originally in Aranea) -- Bonnet, 1958: 3074.
A. striatus Clerck, 1757: 119 -- Alicata & Cantarella, 1994: 113.
A. sulphureus Franganillo, 1930: 29, f. 10 (f, Cuba) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. sumavensis Barta, 1869: 133 (Bohemia) -- omitted by Roewer.
A. uchidai Kishida, 1924 (Sakhalin) -- Marusik et al., 1993: 82.
A. valdiviensis (Nicolet, 1849: 506, f, Chile, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
A. variegatus (Olivier, 1789: 225, originally in Aranea) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1404.
A. viridanus (Urquhart, 1893a: 175, originally in Epeira, f, New Zealand) -- Sirvid & Vink, 2000: 49.
A. viridicans (Urquhart, 1888: 116, f, New Zealand, originally in Epeira) -- Court & Forster, 1988: 69.
A. vulpeculus (Walckenaer, 1842: 69, f, USA, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971a: 167.
Nomen nudum:
A. quinqueuncatus Simon, 1895a: 822 (f, South America).
f aballensis (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia
Aranea a. Strand, 1906b: 622 (Df).
mf abeicus Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 255, f. 316-320 (Dmf).
mf abigeatus Levi, 1975....................USA
A. illaudatus Levi, 1971a: 176, f. 233-237 (f, misidentified).
A. a. Levi, 1975c: 269, f. 5-11 (Dmf).
f acachmenus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. a. Rainbow, 1916a: 98, pl. 21, f. 14-15 (Df).
f acolla Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 219, f. 138-141 (Df).
f acrocephalus (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira acrocephala Thorell, 1887: 195 (Df).
f acronotus (Grube, 1861)....................Russia
Epeira acronota Grube, 1861: 164 (Df).
A. a. Wesolowska, 1988b: 407, f. 12-13 (f).
f acropygus (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Epeira acropyga Thorell, 1877b: 398 (Df).
A. acropyga Simon, 1899a: 91.
mf acuminatus (L. Koch, 1872)....................Queensland, Solomon Is.
Epeira acuminata L. Koch, 1872a: 109, pl. 9, f. 2 (Dm).
A. a. Rainbow, 1913: 11, f. 6 (Df).
A. a. Rainbow, 1916a: 110, pl. 22, f. 30-31 (f).
m acusisetus Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
A. a. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 27, f. 2A-C (Dm).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 143, f. 58a-c (m).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134K-L, 146K (m).
m adiantiformis Caporiacco, 1941....................Ethiopia
A. a. Caporiacco, 1941b: 83, f. 29a-d (Dm).
f adjuntaensis (Petrunkevitch, 1930)....................Puerto Rico
Meta a. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 349, f. 232-234 (Df).
A. a. Levi, 1986a: 105 (Tf from Meta).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 273, f. 414-417 (f).
m aethiopicus (Roewer, 1961)....................Senegal
Eustala aethiopica Roewer, 1961b: 48, f. 11a-e (Dm).
A. a. Grasshoff, 1970b: 215 (Tm from Eustala).
mf aethiopissa Simon, 1907....................Senegal, Bioko
A. a. Simon, 1907d: 291 (Df).
Larinia badiana Roewer, 1961b: 49, f. 12a-e (Dmf).
A. a. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (S).
m affinis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. a. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 53, f. 4-6 (Dm).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 155, f. 71a-c (m).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 236, f. 134M, 135A, 146L (m).
f agastus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. a. Rainbow, 1916a: 104, pl. 22, f. 20-21 (Df).
m akakensis (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia
Aranea a. Strand, 1906b: 621 (Dm).
f aksuensis Yin, Xie & Bao, 1996....................China
A. a. Yin, Xie & Bao, 1996: 1, f. 1-5 (Df).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 155, f. 72a-e (f).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135B-D, 146M (f).
f albiaculeis (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia
Aranea a. Strand, 1906b: 621 (Df).
A. a. Caporiacco, 1940c: 822.
f albidus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland
Epeira albida L. Koch, 1871: 83, pl. 7, f. 2 (Df).
A. a. Rainbow, 1911: 181.
f albilunatus Roewer, 1961....................Senegal
A. a. Roewer, 1961b: 51, f. 13a-d (Df).
A. albilunulatus Brignoli, 1983c: 259.
mf albomaculatus Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. a. Yin et al., 1990: 15, f. 35-42 (Dmf).
A. a. Yin & Kim, 1997: 58, f. 1A-E (mf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 132, f. 47a-h (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135E-G, 142F, 146N (mf).
f alboquadratus Dyal, 1935....................India
A. a. Dyal, 1935: 183 (Df).
mf albotriangulus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1887a: 187, pl. 16, f. 4 (Dmf).
mf alboventris (Emerton, 1884)....................USA
Epeira a. Emerton, 1884: 314, pl. 34, f. 5, pl. 36, f. 12 (Df).
A. attestor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 280 (unnecessary replacement name).
Epeira attestor Kaston, 1948: 260, f. 791-792 (f, Dm).
Conepeira a. Archer, 1951b: 20, f. 47, 71 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. a. Levi, 1973: 514, f. 192-203, 443 (mf).
mf alhue Levi, 1991....................Chile, Argentina
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 244, f. 262-266 (Dmf).
mf allani Levi, 1973....................USA
Amamrotypus miniatus Archer, 1951a: 18, f. 25 (Df, preoccupied in Araneus by Walckenaer, 1842).
A. a. Levi, 1973: 494, f. 32-43, 440 (f, Dm; replacement name).
mf alsine (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Palearctic
Aranea a. Walckenaer, 1802: 193 (D).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1805: 59 (D).
Epeira lutea C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3 (D).
Epeira bohemica C. L. Koch, 1838: 59, f. 376 (Dm, not f).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 33 (Df).
Epeira lutea C. L. Koch, 1844: 123, f. 926-927 (Dmf).
Epeira lutea Blackwall, 1864a: 345, pl. 25, f. 249 (mf).
Epeira lutea Menge, 1866: 61, pl. 9, f. 10 (mf).
Epeira lutea Thorell, 1870a: 17.
Epeira a. Simon, 1874a: 78 (m).
Epeira a. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 130, pl. 5, f. 13 (mf).
Epeira a. Becker, 1896: 22, pl. 4, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira a. Bösenberg, 1901: 37, pl. 2, f. 24 (mf).
A. a. Lessert, 1910b: 316.
A. a. Charitonov, 1926c: 115, pl. 5, f. 4 (m).
A. a. Simon, 1929: 684, 758, f. 1053-1054 (mf).
Aranea a. Wiehle, 1931: 83, f. 119-123 (mf).
Aranea a. Drensky, 1943: 242, f. 26 (mf).
Aranea a. Mikulska, 1953: 13, f. 14, 17 (mf).
A. a. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 133, f. 85D, 86D (mf).
Aranea a. Zamaraev, 1964: 359, f. 73-75 (mf).
A. a. Azheganova, 1968: 74, f. 147-148 (mf).
A. a. Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 592 (f).
A. a. Miller, 1971: 212, pl. XL, f. 9-10 (mf).
A. a. Levi, 1971a: 162, f. 131-137 (mf).
A. a. Loksa, 1972: 89, f. 79A, 80G-H (mf).
A. a. Izmailova, 1972c: 50, f. 1 (f).
A. a. Palmgren, 1974a: 24, f. 9d, 10h-i (mf).
A. a. Roberts, 1985: 210, f. 94a (mf).
A. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 74, f. 168 (mf).
A. a. Roberts, 1995: 319, f. (mf).
A. a. Mcheidze, 1997: 279, f. 638-640 (mf).
A. a. Roberts, 1998: 333, f. (mf).
f altitudinum Caporiacco, 1934....................Karakorum
A. a. Caporiacco, 1934a: 153, pl. 3, f. 11 (Df).
f amblycyphus Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
A. a. Simon, 1908d: 427 (Df).
f amurius Bakhvalov, 1981....................Russia
A. a. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 142, f. 1 (Df).
f amygdalaceus (Keyserling, 1864)....................Mauritius
Epeira amygdalacea Keyserling, 1864: 128, pl. 6, f. 5-6 (Df).
f ana Levi, 1991....................Costa Rica
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 268, f. 389-391 (Df).
f anantnagensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................India
A. a. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 46, f. 99-102 (Df).
A. a. Tikader, 1982a: 25, f. 436-439 (f).
f anaspastus (Thorell, 1892)....................Singapore
Epeira anaspasta Thorell, 1892a: 234 (Df).
Epeira anaspasta Workman, 1896: 49, pl. 49 (f).
mf anatipes (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1887a: 175, pl. 15, f. 3 (Dmf).
mf ancurus Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. a. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 54, f. 7-11 (Dmf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 157, f. 73a-e (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135H-I, 142G-H, 147A (mf).
mf andrewsi (Archer, 1951)....................USA
Aranea a. Archer, 1951a: 31, f. 63-64, 82 (Dmf).
A. a. Levi, 1971a: 146, f. 27-33 (mf).
f anguinifer (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................Mexico, Costa Rica
Aranea anguinifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 514, pl. 49, f. 14 (Df).
Epeira anguinifera Banks, 1909a: 210.
A. anguiniferus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278.
Conaranea anguinifera Archer, 1951b: 11 (Tf from Araneus).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 286, f. 494-496 (f).
mf angulatus Clerck, 1757....................Palearctic
A. a. Clerck, 1757: 22, pl. 1, f. 1-3 (Df).
A. virgatus Clerck, 1757: 41, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
Aranea angulata Linnaeus, 1758: 620 (Df).
Aranea cruciata Walckenaer, 1802: 190 (Df).
Epeira angulata Walckenaer, 1805: 57.
Epeira cruciata Walckenaer, 1805: 57.
Epeira angulata Hahn, 1834: 19, f. 108 (f, Dm).
Epeira eremita C. L. Koch, 1835: 131, pl. 23-24 (Df).
Epeira angulata Hahn, 1836: 1, pl. 28, f. b (f).
Epeira quercetorum C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3 (D).
Epeira pinetorum C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3 (D).
Epeira angulata C. L. Koch, 1844: 77, f. 892-893 (mf; not f. 894-895).
Epeira pinetorum C. L. Koch, 1844: 95, f. 904-905 (Dmf).
Epeira angulata Blackwall, 1864a: 360, pl. 27, f. 259 (mf).
Epeira angulata Menge, 1866: 47, pl. 2, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira regia Simon, 1874a: 54 (Df).
Epeira spinivulva Simon, 1874a: 61, pl. 1, f. 10 (f, misidentified).
Epeira angulata Emerton, 1884: 299, pl. 33. f, 12, pl. 35, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira angulata Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 128, pl. 4, f. 45 (mf).
Epeira angulata Keyserling, 1892: 114, pl. 6, f. 84 (f).
Epeira angulata McCook, 1894: 186, pl. 10, f. 3-5, pl. 11, f. 2-4 (f).
A. a. Simon, 1895a: 829, f. 861-863 (mf).
Epeira angulata Becker, 1896: 12, pl. 1, f. 4 (mf).
Epeira angulata Bösenberg, 1901: 25, pl. 1, f. 5 (mf).
Epeira angulata Emerton, 1902: 164, f. 389 (mf).
A. a. Kulczyn'ski, 1911a: 59, pl. 2, f. 74-75, 79 (mf).
A. a. Fage, 1921a: 175, f. 3a (m).
A. a. Simon, 1929: 677, 755, f. 1033 (mf).
Aranea angulata Reimoser, 1930b: 13, f. 2 (mf).
Aranea angulata Wiehle, 1931: 52, f. 4b, 5a, 71-79 (mf).
A. a. Nakatsudi, 1942b: 11, f. 2B-C (f).
Aranea angulata Drensky, 1943: 240, f. 15, 17 (mf).
Aranea angulata Archer, 1951a: 31, f. 66 (f).
A. a. Tullgren, 1952: 162, f. 9a-b (f).
A. a. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 127, f. 80C, 83A-B (mf).
A. a. Saito, 1959: 85, f. 89a-h (f).
A. a. Wiehle, 1963c: 265, f. 60, 62 (mf).
Aranea angulata Zamaraev, 1964: 355, f. 40-43 (f).
A. a. Wiehle, 1967c: 199, f. 11-12 (f).
A. a. Azheganova, 1968: 75, f. 149-150 (mf).
A. a. Tyschchenko, 1971: 193, f. 570, 572 (f).
A. a. Miller, 1971: 207, pl. XXXVIII, f. 14-16 (f).
A. a. Levi, 1971a: 142, f. 9-14 (mf).
A. a. Loksa, 1972: 74, f. 63C, 65A-E (mf).
A. a. Namkung, Paik & Yoon, 1972: 93, f. 7 (f).
A. a. Palmgren, 1974a: 17, f. 7a-d (mf).
A. a. Punda, 1975b: 31, f. 39-40, 76 (f).
A. a. Roberts, 1985: 206, f. 92c (mf).
A. a. Zhang, 1987: 63, f. 46.1-3 (mf).
A. a. Hu & Wu, 1989: 82, f. 61.1-2 (f).
A. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 72, f. 164 (mf).
A. a. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 24, 28 (m).
A. a. Roberts, 1995: 317, f. (mf).
A. a. Mcheidze, 1997: 268, f. 588-591 (mf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 158, f. 74a-d (f).
A. a. Roberts, 1998: 330, f. (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135J-L, 147B (f).
f angulatus afolius (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira angulata afolia Franganillo, 1909: 187 (Df).
Epeira angulata afolia Franganillo, 1910: 12 (f).
mf angulatus atricolor Simon, 1929....................France
A. a. a. Simon, 1929: 678, 756 (Dmf).
f angulatus castaneus (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira angulata castanea Franganillo, 1909: 187 (Df).
Epeira angulata castanea Franganillo, 1910: 12 (f).
f angulatus crucinceptus (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira cruciata crucincepta Franganillo, 1909: 188 (Df).
Epeira cruciata crucincepta Franganillo, 1910: 13 (f).
f angulatus fuscus (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira cruciata fusca Franganillo, 1909: 188 (Df).
Epeira cruciata fusca Franganillo, 1910: 12, f. 6 (f).
f angulatus iberoi (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira cruciata i. Franganillo, 1909: 188 (Df).
Epeira cruciata i. Franganillo, 1910: 13 (f).
f angulatus levifolius (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira angulata levifolia Franganillo, 1909: 187 (Df).
Epeira angulata levifolia Franganillo, 1910: 11 (f).
f angulatus niger (Franganillo, 1918)....................Spain
Epeira angulata nigra Franganillo, 1918b: 121 (Df).
f angulatus nitidifolius (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira angulata nitidifolia Franganillo, 1909: 186 (Df).
Epeira angulata nitidifolia Franganillo, 1910: 11 (f).
f angulatus pallidus (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira cruciata pallida Franganillo, 1909: 188 (Df).
Epeira cruciata pallida Franganillo, 1910: 12, f. 5 (f).
mf angulatus personatus Simon, 1929....................Belgium, France
A. a. personata Simon, 1929: 678, 756 (Dmf).
f angulatus serifolius (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira angulata serifolia Franganillo, 1909: 187 (Df).
Epeira angulata serifolia Franganillo, 1910: 12 (f).
f anjonensis Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. a. Schenkel, 1963: 171, f. 99a-b (Df).
f annuliger (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Epeira annuligera Thorell, 1898: 354 (Df).
f annulipedatus (Roewer, 1942)....................Funafuti
Epeira annulipes Rainbow, 1897a: 117, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Lucas, 1838).
Aranea annulipedata Roewer, 1942a: 824 (replacement name).
f annulipes (Lucas, 1838)....................Canary Is.
Epeira a. Lucas, 1838: 41, pl. 6, f. 2 (Df).
f anuncinatus ochrorufus Franganillo, 1931....................Cuba
A. a. o. Franganillo, 1931: 288, f. 21a (Df; N.B.: omitted by Roewer and Brignoli; species name is a nomen dubium).
mf apache Levi, 1975....................USA
A. a. Levi, 1975c: 270, f. 12-20 (Dmf).
f apicalis (Thorell, 1899)....................Cameroon
Aranea a. Thorell, 1899: 58 (Df).
f apiculatus (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira apiculata Thorell, 1895: 183 (Df).
mf apobleptus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. a. Rainbow, 1916a: 112, pl. 22, f. 32-37 (Dmf).
?? appendiculatus (Taczanowski, 1873)....................French Guiana
Epeira appendiculata Taczanowski, 1873: 137 (D; "nicht zu deuten" per Roewer).
f apricus (Karsch, 1884)....................São Tomé
Epeira aprica Karsch, 1884a: 67, f. 8 (Df).
f aralis Bakhvalov, 1981....................Kyrgyzstan
A. a. Bakhvalov, 1981a: 137, f. 1 (Df).
mf arenaceus (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Epeira arenacea Keyserling, 1886a: 145, pl. 12, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
f arfakianus (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Epeira arfakiana Thorell, 1881: 96 (Df).
mf arganicola Simon, 1909....................Morocco
Araneus a. Simon, 1909b: 26 (Dmf).
f argentarius Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. a. Rainbow, 1916a: 114, pl. 22, f. 38-39 (Df).
mf arizonensis (Banks, 1900)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira a. Banks, 1900a: 100 (Dmf).
Epeira a. Banks, 1901a: 585, pl. 22, f. 5 (m).
A. a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 280.
Neosconella a. Archer, 1951a: 38 (Tmf from Araneus).
Conaranea gertschi Archer, 1951b: 7, f. 17, 30 (f only, misidentified).
A. a. Levi, 1973: 497, f. 60-71 (mf).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 290, f. 507-510 (mf).
f asiaticus Bakhvalov, 1983....................Kyrgyzstan
A. a. Bakhvalov, 1983: 69, f. 3 (Df).
f aubertorum Berland, 1938....................New Hebrides
A. aubertarum Berland, 1938: 174, f. 131-132 (Df).
mf aurantiifemuris (Mello-Leitão, 1942)....................Argentina
Metepeira a. Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 402, f. 21-22 (Df).
Metepeira aurantifemuris Brignoli, 1983c: 275.
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 199, f. 37-41 (Tf from Metepeira, Dm).
mf auriculatus Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. a. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 167, f. 1A-D (Dmf).
A. a. Song & Li, 1997: 411, f. 13A-D (mf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 144, f. 59a-e (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135M-N, 142I-J (mf).
mf axacus Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 277, f. 440-444 (Dmf).
f badiofoliatus Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. b. Schenkel, 1963: 155, f. 92a-c (Df).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 199, f. 116a-c (f).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135O-P, 147C (f).
m badongensis Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. b. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 168, f. 2A-B (Dm).
A. b. Song & Li, 1997: 412, f. 14A-B (m).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 200, f. 117a-c (m).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 142K-L (m).
f bagamoyensis (Strand, 1906)....................East Africa
Aranea b. Strand, 1906b: 688 (Df).
f baicalicus Bakhvalov, 1981....................Russia
A. b. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 148, f. 6 (Df).
f balanus (Doleschall, 1859)....................Amboina
Epeira b. Doleschall, 1859: 36, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df).
f bandelieri (Simon, 1891)....................Venezuela, Brazil
Epeira b. Simon, 1891d: 10, pl. 1 (Df).
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 281.
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 214, f. 113-115 (f).
f bantaengi Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
A. banta‰ngi Merian, 1911: 220 (Df).
f baotianmanensis Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991....................China
A. b. Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991: 37, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 159, f. 75a-d (f).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135Q-S, 147D (f).
f bargusinus Bakhvalov, 1981....................Russia
A. b. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 147, f. 5 (Df).
jj basalteus Schenkel, 1936....................China
A. b. Schenkel, 1936b: 99, f. 35 (Djj).
f baul Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 288, f. 503-506 (Df).
f beebei Petrunkevitch, 1914....................Myanmar
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1914a: 172, pl. 26, f. 9-10 (Df).
f beebei Levi, 1991....................Venezuela
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 229, f. 184-187 (Df; N.B.: primary junior homonym).
mf beijiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989....................China
A. b. Hu & Wu, 1989: 82, f. 62.1-5 (Dmf).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 160, f. 76a-f (mf).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 135T, 136A-B, 142O, 147E (mf).
f biapicatifer (Strand, 1907)....................Australia
Aranea biapicatifera Strand, 1907i: 202 (Df).
f bicavus Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
A. b. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 28, f. 3A-C (Df).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 161, f. 77a-c (f).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136C-D, 147F (f).
mf bicentenarius (McCook, 1888)....................USA, Canada
Epeira bicentennaria McCook, 1888b: 194, f. 3 (Df, lapsus, corrected by McCook, 1894: 186).
Epeira gigas Leach, 1815: 132, pl. 109 (Df).
Aranea kisatchia Archer, 1951a: 27, f. 69 (Df).
Aranea bicentenaria Archer, 1951a: 31, f. 68, 78 (removed f from S of A. angulatus, Dm).
A. b. Levi, 1971a: 143, f. 15-26 (mf, S).
j bigibbosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira bigibbosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 45 (Dj).
f bilunifer Pocock, 1900....................India
A. b. Pocock, 1900a: 227, f. 74 (Df).
A. b. Patel, 1975b: 162, f. 3a-c (f).
A. b. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 43, f. 91-94 (f).
A. b. Tikader, 1982a: 221, f. 428-431 (f).
mf bimini Levi, 1991....................Bahama Is.
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 264, f. 372-375 (Dmf).
mf biprominens Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989....................China
A. b. Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989: 330, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. prominens Yin & Bao, 1995a: 127, f. 4-6 (Dm).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 162, f. 78a-g (mf).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136E-G, 142P-Q, 147G (mf).
f bipunctatus (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Epeira bipunctata Thorell, 1898: 356 (Df).
?? bipunctatus Franganillo, 1931....................Cuba
A. b. Franganillo, 1931: 288 (D; if this species is ever recognized, a replacement name will be needed).
mf bispinosus (Keyserling, 1885)....................USA
Epeira bispinosa Keyserling, 1885: 531, pl. 13, f. 30 (Df).
Epeira bispinosa Keyserling, 1892: 124, pl. 6, f. 92 (f).
Epeira bispinosa McCook, 1894: 180, pl. 9, f. 3 (f).
Epeira pacifica McCook, 1894: 180, pl. 11, f. 15-16 (Dmf).
Epeira excelsa Banks, 1896b: 90 (Df).
Aranea bispinosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 512.
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282.
Conaranea excelsa Archer, 1951b: 9, f. 20-21, 27 (removed f from S of A. bispinosus, rejected, Dm).
Conaranea bispinosa Archer, 1951b: 10, f. 4, 14-15, 22-23 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. b. Levi, 1973: 500, f. 86-106 (mf).
mf bivittatus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira bivittata Walckenaer, 1842: 78 (Df).
Conepeira bivittata Archer, 1951b: 21, f. 12, 49, 70 (removed f from S of Araneus miniatus, Dm, but both misidentified, =A. juniperi).
A. b. Levi, 1973: 519, f. 221-230, 445 (f, Dm).
f blaisei Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
A. b. Simon, 1909e: 108 (Df).
f blochmanni (Strand, 1907)....................Java
Aranea b. Strand, 1907m: 419 (Df).
mf blumenau Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 200, f. 42-48 (Dmf).
mf boerneri (Strand, 1907)....................India
Aranea börneri Strand, 1907k: 182, f. 10-12 (Dmf).
f boerneri clavimaculus (Strand, 1907)....................India
Aranea börneri clavimacula Strand, 1907k: 188 (Df).
f boerneri obscurellus (Strand, 1907)....................India
Aranea börneri obscurella Strand, 1907k: 189 (Df).
f boesenbergi (Fox, 1938)....................China
Aranea b. Fox, 1938b: 367, f. 7 (Df).
A. bosenbergi Yin et al., 1997: 163, f. 79 (f).
A. bosenbergi Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136H (f).
mf bogotensis (Keyserling, 1863)....................Colombia to Bolivia and Brazil
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1864: 88, pl. 4, f. 1-6 (Df).
Epeira abunda Taczanowski, 1878b: 152, pl. 1, f. 7 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1892: 167, pl. 8, f. 124 (f).
A. abundus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277.
A. b. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Aranea quechuana Chamberlin, 1916: 250, pl. 19, f. 1 (Dm).
Metepeira b. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 256 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
Neosconella magna Caporiacco, 1955: 351, f. 33a-d (Df).
A. magnus Brignoli, 1983c: 263.
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 196, f. 1-4, 17-36 (f, Sm).
mf boneti Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 268, f. 385-388 (Dmf).
mf bonsallae (McCook, 1894)....................USA
Epeira bonsallae McCook, 1894: 179, pl. 8, f. 10 (Df).
Conepeira unica Archer, 1951b: 23, f. 75 (Df).
A. bonsallae Levi, 1973: 524, f. 265-294, 453-454 (removed f from S of A. bispinosus, Dm, S).
mf boreus Uyemura & Yaginuma, 1972....................Japan
A. b. Uyemura & Yaginuma, 1972: 10, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
A. b. Yaginuma, 1986a: 100, f. 53.6 (mf).
A. b. Chikuni, 1989b: 66, f. 15 (f).
f bosmani Simon, 1903....................Equatorial Guinea
A. b. Simon, 1903e: 89 (Df).
mf bradleyi (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia, Tasmania
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1887a: 165, pl. 14, f. 2 (Df).
A. b. Butler, 1933: 276, pl. 17, f. 8.
A. b. Hickman, 1967: 62, f. 108-111 (mf, removed from S of Cyrtophora beccarii).
m braueri (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia
Aranea b. Strand, 1906b: 629 (Dm).
mf brisbanae (L. Koch, 1867)....................New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand
Epeira b. L. Koch, 1867b: 176 (Df).
Epeira b. L. Koch, 1872a: 111, pl. 6, f. 4 (f).
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1887a: 161, pl. 13, f. 6-7 (f, Dm).
f bryantae Brignoli, 1983....................Hispaniola
Neosconella parva Bryant, 1945a: 381, f. 19, 24 (Df, preoccupied in Araneus by Karsch, 1878).
A. b. Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name).
A. b. Levi, 1991a: 262, f. 353-356 (f).
mf bufo (Denis, 1941)....................Canary Is.
Glyptogona b. Denis, 1941a: 116, f. 5-6 (Df).
Wagneriana b. Wunderlich, 1987a: 135, f. 361a (Tf from Glyptogona).
A. b. Wunderlich, 1992a: 366, f. 346-352 (Tf from Wagneriana, Dm).
f caballo Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 273, f. 418-421 (Df).
mf calusa Levi, 1973....................USA
A. c. Levi, 1973: 512, f. 152-157 (Df).
A. c. Levi, 1981b: 255, f. 5-7 (Dm).
f camilla (Simon, 1889)....................India
Epeira c. Simon, 1889i: 338 (Df).
A. c. Dyal, 1935: 179.
f canacus Berland, 1931....................New Caledonia
A. c. Berland, 1931b: 669, f. 8-11 (Df).
f canalae Berland, 1924....................New Caledonia
A. c. Berland, 1924a: 222, f. 126-127 (Df).
m canestrinii (Thorell, 1873)....................Italy
Epeira ornata Canestrini, 1868: 200 (Dm; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1850).
Epeira c. Thorell, 1873: 491, 549 (replacement name).
Araneus ornatus Simon, 1929: 765.
m caplandensis (Strand, 1907)....................South Africa
Aranea c. Strand, 1907a: 535 (Dm).
Aranea c. Strand, 1907n: 631 (Dm).
j carabellus (Strand, 1913)....................Central Africa
Aranea carabella Strand, 1913a: 377 (Dj).
mf carchi Levi, 1991....................Ecuador
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 215, f. 122-127 (Dmf).
mf cardioceros Pocock, 1899....................Socotra
A. c. Pocock, 1899c: 40 (Dmf).
A. c. Pocock, 1903g: 191, pl. 14, f. 4 (mf).
m carimagua Levi, 1991....................Colombia
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 230, f. 190 (Dm).
f carnifex (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 50 (Df).
f carroll Levi, 1973....................USA
A. c. Levi, 1973: 516, f. 215-220 (Df).
m castilho Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 196, f. 15-16 (Dm).
j catillatus (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira catillata Thorell, 1895: 191 (Dj).
f catospilotus Simon, 1907....................Guinea-Bissau, Principe, Congo
A. c. Simon, 1907d: 298 (Df).
f caudifer Kulczyn'ski, 1911....................New Guinea
A. c. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 482, pl. 20, f. 52-54 (Df).
mf cavaticus (Keyserling, 1882)....................USA, Canada
Epeira cavatica Keyserling, 1881c: 269, pl. 11, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira cinerea Emerton, 1884: 302, pl. 33, f. 10, pl. 35, f. 7-8 (Dmf).
Epeira cavatica Keyserling, 1892: 118, pl. 6, f. 87 (mf).
Epeira cavatica McCook, 1894: 185, pl. 10, f. 1-2, pl. 22, f. 6 (mf).
Epeira cinerea Emerton, 1902: 165, f. 391 (f).
A. c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 284.
Aranea cavatica Comstock, 1940: 484, f. 489 (f).
Aranea cavatica Kaston, 1948: 251, f. 798-799 (f).
A. c. Levi, 1971a: 170, f. 187-194 (mf).
mf celebensis Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
A. c. Merian, 1911: 219, pl. 9, f. 6 (Dmf).
f cercidius Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. c. Yin et al., 1990: 20, f. 47-50 (Df).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 135, f. 50a-d (f).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136I-K. 147H (f).
mf cereolus (Simon, 1885)....................Senegal, Cameroon, Ethiopia
Epeira cereola Simon, 1885d: 368 (Df).
Aranea cereola Thorell, 1899: 56.
A. c. Caporiacco, 1940c: 824, f. 30 (Dm).
m chiapas Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 262, f. 351-352 (Dm).
f chiaramontei Caporiacco, 1940....................Ethiopia
A. c. Caporiacco, 1940d: 19, f. 1.1-2 (Df; spelled chiaromontei in legend).
f chingaza Levi, 1991....................Colombia
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 258, f. 330-334 (Df).
mf chunhuaia Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. c. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 54, f. 12-16 (Dmf).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 164, f. 80a-e (mf).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136L-M. 142M-N, 147I (mf).
mf cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira cingulata Walckenaer, 1842: 40 (Df).
Conepeira marilandica Archer, 1951b: 21, f. 40, 50 (Dm; not f, f. 11, 72, =A. gadus).
Conepeira mumai Archer, 1951b: 22, f. 73 (f, misidentified).
Conepeira innominata Archer, 1951b: 24, f. 62, 77 (Dmf).
Conepeira ozarkensis Archer, 1951b: 25, f. 16, 76 (Dmf).
A. c. Levi, 1973: 526, f. 301-313, 455-462 (removed f from S of A. miniatus, Sm).
mf circe (Audouin, 1826)....................Palearctic
Epeira c. Audouin, 1826: 338, pl. 2, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira schreibersii Hahn, 1834: 20, f. 109 (Df).
Epeira regia C. L. Koch, 1835: 129, pl. 20 (Df).
Epeira gistlii C. L. Koch, 1835: 129, pl. 22 (Df).
Epeira schreibersii Hahn, 1836: 1, pl. 28, f. c (f).
Epeira pectoralis C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3 (D).
Epeira cornuta Walckenaer, 1842: 123 (Dmf, preoccupied).
Epeira gistlii C. L. Koch, 1844: 85, f. 898 (f).
Epeira regia C. L. Koch, 1844: 88, f. 899 (f).
Epeira schreibersii C. L. Koch, 1844: 90, f. 900-901 (f, Dm).
Epeira affinis Doleschall, 1852: 648 (Df, preoccupied by Nicolet and Blackwall).
Epeira austriaca Thorell, 1870a: 6 (replacement name for E. affinis Doleschall, 1852).
Epeira c. Simon, 1874a: 58 (m).
Epeira cornuta Lebert, 1877: 118, pl. 4, f. 23 (mf).
Epeira c. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 128, pl. 4, f. 44 (mf).
Epeira schreibersi Bösenberg, 1901: 25, pl. 1, f. 6 (mf).
A. c. Lessert, 1910b: 208.
A. c. Simon, 1929: 676, 756, f. 1031, 1034-1035, 1040 (mf).
Aranea c. Wiehle, 1931: 56, f. 80-83 (mf).
Aranea c. Drensky, 1943: 240, f. 17 (m).
A. c. Wiehle, 1963c: 268, f. 61, 63 (mf).
Aranea c. Zamaraev, 1964: 355, f. 44-45 (f).
A. c. Miller, 1971: 207, pl. XXXVIII, f. 17-19 (f).
A. c. Loksa, 1972: 73, f. 62A-D, 63A (f).
A. c. Izmailova, 1989: 51, f. 36 (f).
A. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 72, f. 163 (mf).
A. c. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 25, 29 (m).
?? circe strandi (Kolosváry, 1935)....................Hungary
Aranea c. s. Kolosváry, 1935b: 215, f. 1 (D).
f circellus Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. c. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 168, f. 3A-B (Df).
A. c. Song & Li, 1997: 412, f. 15A-B (f).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 145, f. 60a-c (f).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 136N-O (f).
f circulissparsus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira circulissparsa Keyserling, 1887a: 190, pl. 16, f. 7 (Df).
f circumbasilaris Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. c. Yin et al., 1990: 29, f. 69-73 (Df).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 165, f. 81a-e (f).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 136P-R, 147J (f).
f coccinella Pocock, 1898....................South Africa
A. c. Pocock, 1898c: 211, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df).
mf cochise Levi, 1973....................USA
A. c. Levi, 1973: 497, f. 55-59 (Df).
A. c. Dean, Agnew & Breene, 1989: 126, f. 1-2 (Dm).
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 278, f. 445-448 (mf).
m cohnae Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 229, f. 188 (Dm).
mf colima Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 266, f. 376-380 (Dmf).
f colubrinus Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. c. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 169, f. 4A-B (Df).
A. c. Song & Li, 1997: 413, f. 16A-B (f).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 146, f. 61a-c (f).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 136S-T (f).
m compsus (Soares & Camargo, 1948)....................Brazil
Neosconella compsa Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 376, f. 32 (Dm).
A. c. Brignoli, 1983c: 262.
f comptus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. c. Rainbow, 1916a: 108, pl. 22, f. 27-28 (Df).
f comptus fuscocapitatus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. c. f. Rainbow, 1916a: 109, pl. 22, f. 29 (Df).
mf concepcion Levi, 1991....................Chile
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 241, f. 250-253 (Dmf).
f concinnus Rainbow, 1900....................New South Wales
Epeira variabilis Rainbow, 1897b: 517, pl. 17, f. 3 (Df, preoccupied).
A. c. Rainbow, 1900a: 490 (replacement name).
f concoloratus (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................Panama
Aranea concolorata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 49, f. 3 (Df).
A. c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286.
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 249, f. 282-285 (f).
f corbita (L. Koch, 1871)....................Samoa
Epeira c. L. Koch, 1871: 72, pl. 6, f. 9 (Df).
mf corporosus (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Argentina
Epeira corporosa Keyserling, 1892: 189, pl. 9, f. 140 (Df).
A. c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287.
Metepeira corporosa Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
Metepeira delineata Mello-Leitão, 1943c: 105, f. 5 (Df).
Eustala lactea Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 329 (Dm).
Larinia nobilis Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 331, f. 15 (Dm).
Metepeira arabesca Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 248, f. 14-15 (Df).
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 206, f. 71-77 (f, Sm).
f corticaloides (Roewer, 1955)....................Corsica
Epeira corticalis Simon, 1874a: 99 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1802 sub Aranea).
A. corticalis Simon, 1929: 687, 760.
Aranea c. Roewer, 1955c: 784 (replacement name).
mf corticarius (Emerton, 1884)....................USA, Canada, Alaska
Epeira corticaria Emerton, 1884: 300, pl. 33, f. 14, pl. 35, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira incestifica Keyserling, 1892: 132, pl. 7, f. 98 (Df).
Epeira corticaria McCook, 1894: 176, pl. 8, f. 7 (f).
Epeira corticaria Emerton, 1902: 165, f. 392 (f).
Epeira corticaria Emerton, 1909: 199, pl. 5, f. 3 (Dm).
A. c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287.
Aranea corticaria Comstock, 1940: 486, f. 401 (f).
Aranea corticaria Kaston, 1948: 252, f. 800-802 (f).
Aranea corticaria Archer, 1951a: 30, f. 76 (m).
Aranea denningi Archer, 1951a: 30, f. 81 (Dm).
A. c. Levi & Field, 1954: 448, f. 32 (m).
A. c. Levi, 1971a: 158, f. 114-122 (mf, S).
f crassipes (Rainbow, 1897)....................New South Wales
Epeira c. Rainbow, 1897b: 515, pl. 17, f. 2 (Df).
f crinitus (Rainbow, 1893)....................New South Wales
Anepsia crinita Rainbow, 1893b: 23, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
A. c. Simon, 1895a: 869.
f crispulus Tullgren, 1952....................Sweden
A. c. Tullgren, 1952: 168, f. 15a-b (Df).
Araniella c. Grasshoff, 1976: 150 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
mf cristobal Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 277, f. 435-439 (Dmf).
f cuiaba Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Argentina
A. c. Levi, 1991a: 248, f. 276-278 (Df).
f cungei Bakhvalov, 1974....................Kyrgyzstan
A. c. Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 59, 61 (Df).
A. c. Bakhvalov, 1981a: 140, f. 3 (f).
f cyclops Caporiacco, 1940....................Ethiopia
A. c. Caporiacco, 1940c: 772 (Df).
f cyphoxis Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
A. c. Simon, 1908d: 426 (Df).
mf cyrtarachnoides (Keyserling, 1887)....................New Guinea to New South Wales
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1887a: 181, pl. 15, f. 8-9 (Dmf).
A. papuanus Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 489, pl. 20, f. 50 (Df).
A. c. Chrysanthus, 1960: 36, f. 46, 51, 65, 74 (mf, S).
f dayongensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. d. Yin et al., 1990: 22, f. 58-61 (Df).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 147, f. 62a-d (f).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137A-B, 147K (f).
f decaisnei (Lucas, 1863)....................Philippines
Epeira d. Lucas, 1863: 411 (Df).
m decentellus (Strand, 1907)....................India, China
Aranea decentella Strand, 1907k: 190, f. 14 (Dm).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 201, f. 118a-d (m).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 143A (m).
f decolor (L. Koch, 1871)....................New South Wales, Victoria, Fiji
Epeira d. L. Koch, 1871: 71, pl. 6, f. 8 (Df).
f decoratus (Thorell, 1899)....................Cameroon
Aranea decorata Thorell, 1899: 56 (Df).
m demoniacus Caporiacco, 1939....................Ethiopia
A. d. Caporiacco, 1939a: 346, f. 14 (Dm).
f depressatulus (Roewer, 1942)....................New Guinea
A. depressus Rainbow, 1898a: 340, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df; preoccupied by Razoumowsky, 1789, sub Aranea).
Aranea depressatula Roewer, 1942a: 826 (replacement name).
mf desierto Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. d. Levi, 1991a: 280, f. 453-456 (Dmf).
mf detrimentosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................USA to Colombia
Epeira detrimentosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 26, pl. 6, f. 7 (Dm).
Epeira detrimentosa Keyserling, 1892: 137, pl. 7, f. 101 (m, Df).
Epeira nigrohumeralis O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 111, pl. 15, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira tranquilla Keyserling, 1893: 224, pl. 11, f. 166 (Df).
Epeira tranquilla McCook, 1894: 162, pl. 6, f. 3 (f).
Epeira linteata McCook, 1894: 176, pl. 8, f. 5-6 (Dmf).
Epeira detrimentosa Banks, 1898b: 253, pl. 15, f. 7 (f).
Aranea detrimentosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 515, pl. 49, f. 18 (mf).
A. d. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289.
A. linteatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 300.
Aranea vesta Bryant, 1948a: 60, f. 4, 6 (Dmf).
Cambridgepeira dentrimentosa Archer, 1951b: 2, f. 8-10 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. d. Levi, 1973: 538, f. 398-414 (mf, S).
A. vesta Brignoli, 1983c: 261.
A. d. Levi, 1991a: 269, f. 395-399 (mf, S).
m diabrosis (Walckenaer, 1842)....................New South Wales
Epeira d. Walckenaer, 1842: 131 (Dm).
f diadematoides Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. d. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 55, f. 17-19 (Df).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 166, f. 82a-c (f).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137C-D, 147L (f).
mf diadematus Clerck, 1757 *....................Holarctic
A. d. Clerck, 1757: 25, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
A. peleg Clerck, 1757: 27, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
Aranea diadema Linnaeus, 1758: 619 (D).
Aranea linnaei Scopoli, 1763: 392 (Df).
Aranea d. Fabricius, 1775: 441 (D).
Aranea cruciger De Geer, 1778: 218, pl. 11, f. 3-8 (Df).
Aranea papalis Fourcroy, 1785: 534 (Df).
A. d. Fabricius, 1793: 415 (D).
Aranea myagria Walckenaer, 1802: 192 (Df).
Epeira myagria Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira d. Sundevall, 1833a: 235 (Dm).
Epeira diademata Hahn, 1834: 22, f. 110 (mf).
Epeira d. C. L. Koch, 1844: 103, f. 910 (mf).
Epeira fruticosus Bremi-Wolff, 1849: 1-16.
Epeira frutetorum Bremi-Wolff, 1849: 1-16.
Epeira diademata Blackwall, 1864a: 358, pl. 26, f. 258 (mf).
Epeira diademata Menge, 1866: 42, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira pyrenaea Simon, 1874a: 75 (Dmf).
Epeira diademata Hansen, 1882: 17, pl. 1, f. 31 (mf).
Epeira diademata Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 14 (mf).
Epeira diademata McCook, 1894: 188, pl. 10, f. 11, pl. 11, f. 10-11 (mf).
Epeira diademata Becker, 1896: 17, pl. 1, f. 5 (mf).
Epeira diademata Bösenberg, 1901: 22, pl. 1, f. 2 (mf).
Aranea d. Reimoser, 1929c: 84, f. 1 (mf).
A. d. Simon, 1929: 680, 757, f. 1041-1042 (mf).
Aranea d. Wiehle, 1931: 70, f. 103-108 (mf).
Aranea diadema Drensky, 1943: 242, f. 25 (mf).
Aranea diadema Kaston, 1948: 249, f. 779-782 (mf).
A. d. Chrysanthus, 1949b: 350, f. 3 (f).
Aranea diademata Archer, 1951a: 23, f. 80 (m).
A. d. Tullgren, 1952: 166, f. 11a-b (f).
Aranea diadema Mikulska, 1953: 51, f. 61, 64 (mf).
A. d. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 127, f. 79C, 84A, 85A, 86A, 87A (mf).
A. d. Braendegaard, 1958: 32, f. 21-22 (mf).
A. d. Bristowe, 1958: 24, f. 4 (f).
A. d. Yaginuma, 1960: 51, f. 47 (f).
A. d. Laurent, 1963: 294, f. 35-36 (f).
A. d. Grasshoff, 1964: 305, f. 1-2 (f).
Aranea diadema Zamaraev, 1964: 359, f. 76-79 (mf).
A. d. Azheganova, 1968: 75, f. 144, 151, 168 (mf).
A. d. Grasshoff, 1968: 7, f. 7, 9, 11, 16a, 17k-m, 20a-c, 21a-d, 23, 25-26, 28-29, 30a-b, 31-33, 34a, 35a-d, 36a-d, 37a-d, 38a-d, 39a-d, 40a, 41a-c, 42a, 43-46 (mf).
A. d. Levi, 1970: 109, f. 1-3 (m).
A. d. Miller, 1971: 211, pl. XL, f. 1-2 (mf).
A. d. Yaginuma, 1971: 51, f. 47 (f).
A. d. Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 577, 588 (mf).
A. d. Levi, 1971a: 147, f. 34-41, 95, 184-186 (mf).
A. d. Loksa, 1972: 86, f. 78B, 79C, 80A-B (mf).
A. d. Grasshoff, 1973b: 131, f. 1-2, 4-5 (mf).
A. d. Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 67-68, 70 (mf).
A. d. Palmgren, 1974a: 21, f. 9a, 10a-c (mf).
A. d. Saaristo, 1975: 21, f. 2, 4, 6, 8-9 (mf).
A. d. Punda, 1975b: 36, f. 46-50 (mf).
A. d. Moore, 1977: 87, f. 9 (m).
A. d. Saaristo, 1977: 5, f. 2, 4, 6, 8-9 (mf).
A. d. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1982: 50, f. IV.10 (f).
A. d. Kraus, 1984: 376, f. 3 (mf).
A. diadema Hu, 1984: 90, f. 83.1-4 (mf).
A. d. Roberts, 1985: 208, f. 93a (mf).
A. d. Zhu et al., 1985: 71, f. 58a-c (f).
A. d. Schult, 1986: 267, f. 31-32 (mf).
A. d. Yaginuma, 1986a: 95, f. 49.2 (mf).
A. d. Song, 1987: 162, f. 122 (f).
A. d. Roberts, 1987: 181, f. 941-f (m).
A. d. Zhang, 1987: 66, f. 48.1-4 (mf).
A. d. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1989: 226, f. LXX.10 (f).
A. d. Chikuni, 1989b: 65, f. 9 (mf).
A. d. Hu & Wu, 1989: 87, f. 64.1-4 (mf).
A. d. Feng, 1990: 56, f. 31.1-5 (f).
A. d. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 8 (m).
A. d. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 74, f. 167 (mf).
A. d. Salz, 1992: 59, f. 1B-C (mf).
A. d. Roberts, 1995: 317, f. (mf).
A. d. Agnarsson, 1996: 60, f. 46A-C (mf).
A. d. Mcheidze, 1997: 271, f. 605-608 (mf).
A. d. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 372, f. 8, 25 (mf).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 167, f. 83a-h (mf).
A. d. Levy, 1998a: 326, f. 57-67 (mf).
A. d. Roberts, 1998: 331, f. (mf).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137E, G, 143B-C, 147M (mf).
f diadematus islandicus (Strand, 1906)....................Iceland
Aranea diademata islandica Strand, 1906a: 431 (Df).
mf diadematus nemorosus Simon, 1929....................France
A. d. nemorosa Simon, 1929: 680, 757 (Dmf).
mf diadematus soror (Simon, 1874)....................Corsica
Epeira s. Simon, 1874a: 74 (Dmf).
A. d. s. Simon, 1929: 681, 757.
mf diadematus stellatus (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Europe
Epeira stellata C. L. Koch, 1836b: 134, pl. 7 (Df).
Epeira stellata C. L. Koch, 1844: 105, f. 911 (f).
Epeira diademata alpina Calloni, 1889: 66.
Epeira diademata obscura Calloni, 1889: 262.
Epeira diademata nigra Gétaz, 1889: 60 (Df).
A. d. s. Simon, 1929: 681, 757.
mf dianiphus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. d. Rainbow, 1916a: 106, pl. 22, f. 22-25 (Dmf).
f dianiphus xanthostichus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. d. x. Rainbow, 1916a: 107, pl. 22, f. 26 (Df).
f diffinis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. d. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 56, f. 20-22 (Df).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 202, f. 119a-c (f).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137H-I, 147N (f).
f dimidiatus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Epeira dimidiata L. Koch, 1871: 95, pl. 8, f. 1 (Df).
f distinctus (Rainbow, 1897)....................Funafuti
Epeira distincta Rainbow, 1897a: 118, pl. 4, f. 4 (Df).
f diversicolor (Rainbow, 1893)....................New South Wales
Epeira d. Rainbow, 1893b: 16, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df).
f doenitzellus (Strand, 1906)....................Japan
Aranea dönitzella Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 383, pl. 4, f. 40 (Df).
A. doenitzella Saito, 1933b: 54, pl. 3, f. 16.
A. dönitzella Yin et al., 1997: 202, f. 120 (f).
A. doenitzella Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137F (f).
mf dofleini (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................Japan
Aranea d. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 235, f. 4 (Dmf).
m dospinolongus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 635, f. 403a-f (Dm).
mf dreisbachi Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. d. Levi, 1991a: 280, f. 449-452 (Dmf).
m drygalskii (Strand, 1909)....................South Africa
Aranea d. Strand, 1909g: 571 (Dm).
f ealensis Giltay, 1935....................Congo
A. e. Giltay, 1935a: 1, f. 1-2 (Df).
f eburneiventris (Simon, 1908)....................Western Australia
Larinia e. Simon, 1908d: 424 (Df).
A. e. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tf from Larinia).
mf eburnus (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Epeira eburna Keyserling, 1886a: 148, pl. 12, f. 4 (Df).
A. e. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 27 (f, Dm).
mf ejusmodi Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................China, Japan
A. e. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 229, pl. 11, f. 215 (Dmf).
Lithyphantes dubius Dönitz & Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906:: 380, pl. 4, f. 34 (Df).
Lithyphantes dubius Paik, 1942: 101, f. 1-2 (f).
A. e. Yaginuma, 1954e: 26, f. 1.1-7, 2A-H (mf, S).
Agalenatea e. Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 37 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
A. e. Yaginuma, 1960: 55, f. 51 (m).
A. pachygnathoides Schenkel, 1963: 167, f. 97a-c (Df).
A. e. Yaginuma, 1971: 55, f. 51 (m).
A. e. Yin, 1978: 1, f. 1A-D (mf).
Aranea e. Song, 1980: 92, f. 38a-d (mf).
A. e. Wang, 1981: 102, f. 44A-D (mf).
A. e. Zhu, 1983: 20 (S).
A. e. Hu, 1984: 92, f. 85.1-2 (f).
A. e. Guo, 1985: 55, f. 2-11.1-4 (mf).
A. e. Zhu et al., 1985: 73, f. 60a-c (f).
A. e. Yaginuma, 1986a: 99, f. 53.2 (m).
A. e. Chikuni, 1989b: 69, f. 23 (mf).
A. e. Feng, 1990: 57, f. 32.1-5 (mf).
A. e. Chen & Gao, 1990: 45, f. 48a-b (mf).
A. e. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 87, f. 77.1-5 (mf).
A. e. Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 870, f. 34A-C (mf).
A. e. Zhao, 1993: 229, f. 105a-c (f).
A. e. Yin et al., 1997: 136, f. 51a-e (mf).
A. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137J-K, 143D (mf).
f elatatus (Strand, 1911)....................Aru Is., Kei Is.
Aranea elatata Strand, 1911d: 152, pl. 4, f. 3, pl. 5, f. 38 (Df).
f elizabethae Levi, 1991....................Hispaniola
Meta blanda Bryant, 1945a: 386, f. 22 (Df; preoccupied by M. b. L. Koch, 1878, but that species was transferred to Leucauge by Bösenberg & Strand, 1906).
M. bryantae Brignoli, 1983c: 230 (replacement name for Meta blanda Bryant).
A. blanda Levi, 1986a: 105 (Tf from Meta).
A. e. Levi, 1991a: 263, f. 357-360 (replacement name for Meta bryantae Brignoli, 1983, preoccupied in Araneus).
mf ellipticus (Tikader & Bal, 1981)....................Bangladesh, India, China
Neoscona elliptica Tikader & Bal, 1981: 24, f. 45-49 (Dmf).
Neoscona elliptica Tikader, 1982a: 259, f. 515-519 (mf).
Neoscona griseomaculata Yin & Wang, 1982: 260, f. A-L (Dmf).
Neoscona griseomaculata Yin, Wang & Hu, 1983: 34, f. 6C (m).
Neoscona griseomaculata Hu, 1984: 122, f. 122.1-11 (mf).
A. e. Grasshoff, 1986: 118 (Tmf from Neoscona).
Neoscona griseomaculata Song, 1987: 171, f. 131 (mf).
Neoscona griseomaculata Feng, 1990: 90, f. 65.1-4 (mf).
Neoscona griseomaculata Chen & Gao, 1990: 66, f. 81a-c (mf).
Neoscona griseomaculata Zhao, 1993: 242, f. 114a-b (mf).
Neoscona elliptica Zhu & Zhang, 1993: 38, f. 14-20 (mf).
A. e. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 639, f. 406a-d (f).
Neoscona elliptica Yin et al., 1997: 347, f. 245a-k (mf, S).
Neoscona elliptica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 175O-Q, 178Q-R, 180F (mf).
f elongatus Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989....................China
A. e. Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989: 331, f. 5-9 (Df).
A. e. Yin et al., 1997: 137, f. 52a-e (f).
A. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137L-N, 147O (f).
f emmae Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
A. e. Simon, 1900a: 482, pl. 16, f. 6 (Df).
f enucleatus (Karsch, 1879)....................India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Sumatra
Epeira enucleata Karsch, 1879d: 550 (Df).
Epeira albertisii Thorell, 1887: 182 (Df).
Epeira soronis Thorell, 1890a: 143 (Df).
A. soronis Simon, 1899a: 91.
f enyoides (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Epeira e. Thorell, 1877b: 396 (Df).
f excavatus Franganillo, 1930....................Cuba
A. e. Franganillo, 1930: 25 (Df).
mf expletus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira expleta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 25, pl. 6, f. 11 (Df; N.B.: the spelling explecta in Roewer is a lapsus).
Neosconella expleta F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 476, pl. 45, f. 7 (f).
A. e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
Epeira smithi O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 280, pl. 37, f. 4 (Df).
Neosconella styligera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 475, pl. 44, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Neosconella guttata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 477, pl. 45, f. 9 (Df; preoccupied by Keyserling, 1865, sub Epeira).
Aranea smithi F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 49, f. 1 (f).
A. gratuitus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294 (replacement name for Neosconella guttata).
A. smithi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 316.
A. styliger Petrunkevitch, 1911: 318.
A. gratuitus Kraus, 1955b: 22, f. 59-61 (f).
Neosconella styligera Levi, 1973: 547, f. 439 (m).
A. e. Levi, 1991a: 231, f. 193-210 (f, Sm).
f exsertus Rainbow, 1904....................Australia
A. e. Rainbow, 1904a: 102, f. 26-27 (Df).
mf fastidiosus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland
Epeira fastidiosa Keyserling, 1887a: 183, pl. 16, f. 1 (Dm).
A. f. Rainbow, 1916a: 101, pl. 21, f. 16-17 (Df).
f favorabilis Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. f. Rainbow, 1916a: 103, pl. 22, f. 18-19 (Df).
f faxoni (Bryant, 1940)....................Cuba
Aranea f. Bryant, 1940: 334, f. 102-103 (Df).
A. f. Brignoli, 1983c: 262.
A. f. Levi, 1991a: 264, f. 369-371 (f).
f felinus (Butler, 1876)....................Queensland
Epeira felina Butler, 1876a: 351, pl. 10, f. 1-2 (Df).
f fengshanensis Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
A. f. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 31, f. 6A-D (Df).
A. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137O-Q, 147P (f).
f ferganicus Bakhvalov, 1983....................Kyrgyzstan
A. f. Bakhvalov, 1983: 91, f. 5 (Df).
m ferrugineus (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Epeira ferruginea Thorell, 1877b: 379 (Dm).
f fictus (Rainbow, 1896)....................Queensland
Epeira ficta Rainbow, 1896a: 323, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
f finneganae Berland, 1938....................New Hebrides
A. f. Berland, 1938: 176, f. 137-140 (Df).
j fishoekensis (Strand, 1909)....................South Africa
Aranea f. Strand, 1909g: 573 (Dj).
f fistulosus Franganillo, 1930....................Cuba
A. f. Franganillo, 1930: 29 (Df; N.B.: omitted by Roewer and Brignoli).
f flagelliformis Zhu & Yin, 1998....................China
A. f. Zhu & Yin, in Yin et al., 1997: 168, f. 84a-e (Df).
A. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 137R-T, 147Q (f).
f flavisternis (Thorell, 1878)....................Amboina, New Guinea
Epeira f. Thorell, 1878b: 61 (Df).
A. f. Simon, 1899a: 90.
f flavisternis momiensis (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Epeira f. m. Thorell, 1881: 106 (Df).
m flavopunctatus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Fiji
Epeira flavopunctata L. Koch, 1871: 79, pl. 5, f. 4 (Dm).
f flavosellatus Simon, 1895....................Brazil
A. f. Simon, 1895a: 824 (Dm).
f flavosignatus (Roewer, 1942)....................Sulawesi
Araneus flavopunctatus Merian 1911: 218 (Df; preoccupied by L. Koch, 1871, sub Epeira).
Aranea flavosignata Roewer, 1942a: 817 (replacement name).
mf flavus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894)....................Mexico to Nicaragua
Singa flava O. P.-Cambridge, 1894a: 136, pl. 17, f. 15 (Dm, S. lutea in legend).
Aranea flava F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 51, f. 3 (m).
A. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 292.
A. f. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tm from Singa).
A. f. Levi, 1991a: 272, f. 404-409 (m, Df).
mf floriatus Hogg, 1914....................New Guinea
A. f. Hogg, 1914a: 57 (Dmf).
A. f. Hogg, 1915a: 446, f. 25 (f).
f formosellus (Roewer, 1942)....................India
A. formosus Dyal, 1935: 185, pl. 11, f. 5 (Df; preoccupied by Olivier, 1789, sub Aranea).
Aranea formosella Roewer, 1942a: 817 (replacement name).
m frio Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. f. Levi, 1991a: 276, f. 429-430 (Dm).
mf fronki Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. f. Levi, 1991a: 228, f. 179-183 (Dmf).
f frosti (Hogg, 1896)....................Central Australia
Epeira f. Hogg, 1896: 315, pl. 24, f. 1 (Df).
mf fulvellus (Roewer, 1942)....................India, Pakistan
A. fulvus Dyal, 1935: 178, pl. 11, f. 4 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1842, sub Epeira).
Aranea fulvella Roewer, 1942a: 817 (replacement name).
A. fulvus Reddy & Patel, 1992b: 138, f. 1A-G (f, Dm).
f fuscinotus (Strand, 1908)....................East Africa
Aranea rufipalpis fuscinotum Strand, 1908e: 294 (Df).
Aranea fuscinotum Roewer, 1942a: 808 (elevated to species).
mf gadus Levi, 1973....................USA
Conepeira marilandica Archer, 1951b: 21, f. 11, 72 (f, misidentified).
A. g. Levi, 1973: 520, f. 231-247, 446 (Dmf).
mf galero Levi, 1991....................Panama, Colombia
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 234, f. 223-227 (Dmf).
f gazellae (Karsch, 1878)....................Bismarck Arch.
Epeira g. Karsch, 1878c: 803 (Df).
j gazerti (Strand, 1909)....................South Africa
Aranea g. Strand, 1909g: 574 (Dj).
f geminatus (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Epeira geminata Thorell, 1881: 122 (Df).
mf gemma (McCook, 1888)....................USA, Canada, Alaska
Epeira g. McCook, 1888b: 193, f. 1-2 (Df).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 115, pl. 6, f. 85 (f).
Epeira g. McCook, 1894: 182, pl. 10, f. 6, pl. 11, f. 12-14 (f).
Araneus gemmus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935b: 21, pl. 10, f. 79 (f).
A. pirus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935b: 22, pl. 10, f. 81 (Df).
Aranea g. Comstock, 1940: 486, f. 134, 490 (f).
A. g. Levi, 1971a: 172, f. 203-214 (mf, S).
A. g. Levi, 1975c: 268, f. 2 (m).
mf gemmoides Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935....................USA, Canada
A. g. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935b: 22, pl. 10, f. 80 (Dmf).
A. canmorus Schenkel, 1950b: 65, f. 22a-c (Df).
Aranea g. Levi, 1951: 12, f. 14-16 (m).
A. g. Levi & Field, 1954: 450, f. 29-31 (mf).
A. g. Levi, 1971a: 171, f. 195-202 (mf, S).
A. g. Levi, 1975c: 268, f. 1 (m).
m gerais Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 231, f. 191-192 (Dm).
m gestrellus (Strand, 1907)....................Moluccas
Aranea gestrella Strand, 1907k: 178, f. 15 (Dm).
mf gestroi (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Epeira g. Thorell, 1881: 116 (Dmf).
f gibber (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira gibbera O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 51 (Df).
mf ginninderranus Dondale, 1966....................Australian Capital Territory
A. g. Dondale, 1966: 1169, f. 3A-C (Dmf).
f goniaeus (Thorell, 1878)....................Myanmar, Java, Amboina, New Guinea
Epeira goniaea Thorell, 1878b: 51 (Df).
f goniaeus virens (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira goniaea v. Thorell, 1890a: 120 (Df).
f goniaeoides (Strand, 1915)....................Lombok
Aranea g. Strand, 1915d: 224, pl. 17, f. 70 (Df).
f graeffi (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia
Epeira g. L. Koch, 1871: 98 (Df).
f graemii Pocock, 1900....................South Africa
A. g. Pocock, 1900e: 324 (Df).
mf granadensis (Keyserling, 1864)....................Venezuela to Peru
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1864: 86, pl. 4, f. 7-9 (Df).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 194, pl. 9, f. 144 (f, Dm).
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Neoscona g. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 325.
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 220, f. 146-152 (mf).
mf granti Hogg, 1914....................New Guinea
A. g. Hogg, 1914a: 57 (Df).
A. g. Hogg, 1915a: 448, f. 26 (f).
A. g. Chrysanthus, 1960: 36, f. 32-33, 49, 60, 72 (f, Dm).
f gratiolus Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. g. Yin et al., 1990: 32, f. 78-80 (Df).
A. g. Yin et al., 1997: 170, f. 86a-c (f).
A. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 238, f. 138A-B, 148B (f).
mf groenlandicola (Strand, 1906)....................USA, Canada, Greenland
Aranea reaumuri g. Strand, 1906a: 431 (Df).
Aranea manitobae Archer, 1951a: 37, f. 51, 59, 62 (Dm).
A. g. Levi, 1970: 110, f. 16-17 (m).
A. groenlandicolus Levi, 1971a: 164, f. 159-166 (elevated f from subspecies of A. reaumuri, Sm).
A. g. Levi, 1973: 480 (correction of spelling).
mf grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844)....................Europe to Central Asia
Epeira gigas C. L. Koch, 1835: 129, pl. 22 (Df; preoccupied).
Epeira grossa C. L. Koch, 1844: 82, f. 896-897 (Df).
Epeira grossa Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 329, pl. 12, f. 9 (Dm).
A. g. Fage, 1921a: 175, f. 3B (m).
A. g. Simon, 1929: 677, 756, f. 1032, 1036-1039 (mf).
A. g. Wiehle, 1963c: 265, f. 65-73 (mf).
A. g. Wiehle, 1967b: 187, f. 15-16 (f).
A. g. Miller, 1971: 207, pl. XXXVIII, f. 20-21 (f).
A. g. Loksa, 1972: 74, f. 63B, 64A-E (mf).
A. grossi Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 88, 91-92, 97 (mf).
A. g. Izmailova, 1989: 54, f. 38 (f).
A. g. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 72, f. 165 (mf).
A. g. Thaler, 1991b: 50, f. 26-27, 30 (m).
A. g. Mcheidze, 1997: 267, f. 581-583 (f).
m guandishanensis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. g. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 57, f. 23-24 (Dm).
A. g. Yin et al., 1997: 171, f. 87a-c (m).
A. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 143E-F, 148C (m).
f guatemus Levi, 1991....................Guatemala
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 232, f. 211-214 (Df).
mf guerrerensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936....................USA, Mexico
A. g. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 45, pl. 13, f. 117-118 (Df).
Conaranea pacifica Archer, 1951b: 10, f. 26, 28-29 (removed mf from S of A. bispinosus, misidentified).
A. chiricahua Levi, 1973: 496, f. 44-54, 441 (Dmf).
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 285, f. 487-493 (f, Sm).
j guessfeldi (Karsch, 1879)....................West Africa
Epeira güssfeldii Karsch, 1879a: 335 (Dj).
f gundlachi (Banks, 1914)....................Cuba
Epeira g. Banks, 1914c: 641, pl. 43, f. 8 (Df).
jj gurdus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Tibet
Epeira gurda O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 46 (Djj).
mf guttatus (Keyserling, 1865)....................Costa Rica to Argentina
Epeira guttata Keyserling, 1865: 823, pl. 18, f. 17-18 (Df).
Epeira similis Taczanowski, 1873: 130 (Df; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1844).
Epeira guttata Keyserling, 1892: 193, pl. 9, f. 143 (f).
Aranea glabrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 512, pl. 49, f. 6 (Df).
A. glabratus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 293.
A. g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296.
A. similis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315.
Aranea similella Roewer, 1942a: 852 (replacement name).
Neosconella bipunctata Mello-Leitão, 1948: 170, f. 12 (Df, preoccupied in Araneus by Thorell, 1898).
A. leitaoi Brignoli, 1983c: 263 (replacement name).
A. g. Levi, 1991a: 253, f. 303-315 (f, Dm, S).
mf guttulatus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira guttulata Walckenaer, 1842: 78 (Df).
Epeira sanguinalis Hentz, 1847: 476, pl. 31, f. 15 (Dm).
A. sanguinalis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
Conepeira glyphica Archer, 1951b: 17, f. 56 (Df).
Conepeira guttulata Archer, 1951b: 18, f. 42, 67 (removed f from S of A. miniatus, Dm, S).
Conepeira glyphica Levi & Field, 1954: 450, f. 33-34 (f).
A. g. Levi, 1973: 530, f. 3, 332-361, 470-474 (mf, S).
f habilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Guatemala
Epeira h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 28, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira h. Keyserling, 1892: 220, pl. 10, f. 163 (f).
Neosconella h. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 477, pl. 45, f. 8 (f).
A. h. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296.
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 234, f. 219-222 (f).
j haematomerus (Gerstäcker, 1873)....................Central Africa
Epeira haematomera Gerstäcker, 1873: 491, pl. 18, f. 9 (Dj).
f hamiltoni (Rainbow, 1893)....................New South Wales
Epeira h. Rainbow, 1893b: 21, pl. 3, f. 7 (Df).
f hampei Simon, 1895....................Java
A. h. Simon, 1895a: 822 (Df).
f haploscapellus (Strand, 1907)....................South Africa
Aranea haploscapella Strand, 1907a: 533 (Df).
Aranea haploscapella Strand, 1907n: 616 (Df).
f haruspex (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Tibet
Epeira h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 46 (Df).
f henanensis (Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991)....................China
Hypsosinga h. Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991: 39, f. 5-7 (Df).
A. h. Yin et al., 1997: 197, f. 114a-h (Tf from Hypsosinga).
A. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138C-D, 148D (f).
m herbeus (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira herbea Thorell, 1890a: 156 (Dm).
f hierographicus Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
A. h. Simon, 1909e: 107 (Df).
f himalayaensis Tikader, 1975....................India, China
A. h. Tikader, 1975b: 145, f. 1-3 (Df).
A. h. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 50, f. 107-110 (f).
A. h. Tikader, 1982a: 229, f. 444-447 (f).
A. h. Hu & Li, 1987a: 326, f. 8.1-3 (f).
A. h. Yin et al., 1990: 33, f. 81-83 (f).
A. h. Yin et al., 1997: 171, f. 88a-d (f).
A. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138E, H-I, 148E (f).
f himalayanus (Simon, 1889)....................India
Epeira himalayana Simon, 1889i: 339 (Df).
f hirsti Lessert, 1915....................East Africa
A. h. Lessert, 1915a: 33, pl. 2, f. 50, 52-53 (Df).
f hirsutulus (Stoliczka, 1869)....................India
Epeira hirsutula Stoliczka, 1869: 239, pl. 20, f. 13 (Df).
f hispaniola (Bryant, 1945)....................Hispaniola
Aranea h. Bryant, 1945a: 366, f. 2 (Df).
A. h. Brignoli, 1983c: 262.
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 263, f. 365-368 (f).
f hoggi (Rainbow, 1897)....................Funafuti
Epeira h. Rainbow, 1897a: 119, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
mf holzapfelae Lessert, 1936....................Mozambique
A. holzapfeli Lessert, 1936: 246, f. 40-42 (Dmf; patronym for Ms. Holzapfel).
mf horizonte Levi, 1991....................Colombia to Paraguay
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 211, f. 99-104 (Df).
A. h. Braul, Bertonelli & Lise, 1999: 124 (Dm).
m hortensis (Blackwall, 1859)....................Madeira
Epeira h. Blackwall, 1859b: 263 (Dm).
f hotteiensis (Bryant, 1945)....................Hispaniola
Meta h. Bryant, 1945a: 387, f. 25 (Df).
A. h. Levi, 1986a: 105 (Tf from Meta).
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 263, f. 361-364 (f).
mf huahun Levi, 1991....................Chile, Argentina
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 244, f. 258-261 (Dmf).
m huixtla Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. h. Levi, 1991a: 286, f. 497-498 (Dm).
f humilis (L. Koch, 1867)....................Queensland
Theridion humile L. Koch, 1867b: 191 (Df).
Epeira h. L. Koch, 1872a: 107, pl. 9, f. 1 (f).
f idoneus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland
Epeira idonea Keyserling, 1887a: 177, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
mf iguacu Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Argentina
A. i. Levi, 1991a: 256, f. 321-325 (Dmf).
mf illaudatus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936)....................USA
Aranea illaudata Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 19, f. 36-37 (Dm).
Aranea illaudata Archer, 1951a: 36, f. 74 (m, not f, f. 67=A. nordmanni).
A. pima Levi, 1971a: 176, f. 218-232 (Dmf).
A. i. Levi, 1970: 108, f. 14-15, 18-19 (mf).
A. i. Levi, 1971a: 176, f. 238-240 (m, not f, f. 233-237, =A. abigeatus).
A. i. Levi, 1975c: 268, f. 3-4 (m, S).
A. i. Roth, 1985: B6-5, f. 49 (f).
f indistinctus (Doleschall, 1859)....................Java
Epeira indistincta Doleschall, 1859: 41, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
m inquietus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira inquieta Keyserling, 1887a: 189, p. 16, f. 6 (Dm).
f interjectus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland
Epeira interjecta L. Koch, 1871: 96, pl. 7, f. 7 (Df).
mf inustus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Taiwan, Sumatra to Australia
Epeira inusta L. Koch, 1871: 94, pl. 7, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira weyersi Simon, 1885a: 38 (Df).
Epeira iunsta Thorell, 1890a: 151.
A. i. Chrysanthus, 1960: 41, f. 48, 52, 59, 67-68 (f, Dm).
A. i. Lee, 1966: 40, f. 11a-c (f).
A. i. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 631, f. 400a-d, 401a-c (mf).
A. i. Yin et al., 1997: 135, f. 53a-c (f).
A. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138F-G, 148F (f).
j isabella (Vinson, 1863)....................Madagascar
Epeira i. Vinson, 1863: 157, 308, pl. 4, f. 2 (Dj).
mf ishisawai Kishida, 1920....................Russia, Korea, Japan
A. i. Kishida, 1920c: 474, f. 41 (Df).
A. i. Yaginuma, 1957a: 55, f. 18 (f).
Catheistela i. Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tf from Araneus).
A. i. Namkung, Paik & Yoon, 1972: 93, f. 8 (f).
A. i. Chikuni, 1989b: 63, f. 4 (f, Dm).
mf iviei (Archer, 1951)....................USA, Canada
Aranea i. Archer, 1951a: 33, f. 53 (Df).
Aranea sachimau Archer, 1951a: 33, f. 55 (Df).
A. i. Levi, 1970: 109, f. 7-9 (m).
A. i. Levi, 1971a: 162, f. 138-151 (f, Dm, S).
f jalimovi Bakhvalov, 1981....................Russia
A. j. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 146, f. 4 (Df).
m jalisco Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. j. Levi, 1991a: 269, f. 392-394 (Dm).
m jamundi Levi, 1991....................Colombia
A. j. Levi, 1991a: 222, f. 157 (Dm).
mf juniperi (Emerton, 1884)....................USA, Canada
Epeira j. Emerton, 1884: 313, pl. 34, f. 6, pl. 36, f. 14-16 (Dmf).
Epeira j. McCook, 1894: 167, pl. 6, f. 13 (f).
Singa floridana Banks, 1896e: 69 (Df).
Epeira j. Emerton, 1909: 200, pl. 5, f. 1 (m).
A. floridanus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 292.
A. j. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
Conepeira bivittata Archer, 1951b: 21, f. 12, 49, 70 (mf, misidentified).
Conepeira mumai Archer, 1951b: 22, f. 51 (Dm; not f, f. 73, =A. cingulatus).
Conepeira sarasota Archer, 1951b: 23, f. 74 (Df).
Conepeira llano Archer, 1951b: 24, f. 52, 55 (Dmf).
Conepeira j. Archer, 1951b: 25, f. 54, 78 (Tmf from Araneus, misidentified, =A. nashoba).
A. floridanus Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tf from Singa).
A. j. Levi, 1973: 522, f. 248-264, 447-452 (mf, S).
f kalaharensis Simon, 1910....................Southern Africa
A. k. Simon, 1910b: 194 (Df).
f kapiolaniae Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
A. k. Simon, 1900a: 483, pl. 16, f. 7 (Df).
f karissimbicus (Strand, 1913)....................Central Africa
Aranea karissimbica Strand, 1913a: 374 (Df).
f kerr Levi, 1981....................USA
A. k. Levi, 1981b: 254, f. 1-4 (Df).
f kirgisikus Bakhvalov, 1974....................Kyrgyzstan
A. k. Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 71, 75 (Df).
f kiwuanus (Strand, 1913)....................Central Africa
Aranea kiwuana Strand, 1913a: 373 (Df).
m klaptoczi Simon, 1908....................Libya
A. k. Simon, 1908a: 430 (Dm).
mf koepckeorum Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. k. Levi, 1991a: 224, f. 168-173 (Dmf).
f kraepelini (Lenz, 1891)....................Madagascar
Epeira k. Lenz, 1891: 176, pl. 2, f. 16 (Df).
f lacrymosus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................New South Wales
Epeira lacrymosa Walckenaer, 1842: 34 (Df).
f ladschicola (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia
Aranea l. Strand, 1906b: 622 (Df).
f lamperti (Strand, 1907)....................South Africa
Aranea l. Strand, 1907a: 534 (Df).
Aranea l. Strand, 1907n: 626 (Df).
m lancearius (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira lancearia Keyserling, 1887a: 157, pl. 13, f. 3 (Dm).
f lanio Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 268, f. 381-384 (Df).
mf lapponicus (Holm, 1945)....................Sweden, Finland, Russia
Aranea lapponica Holm, 1945b: 61, f. 20a-b (Df).
A. l. Palmgren, 1974a: 30, f. 12p-t (f, Dm).
A. l. Brignoli, 1983c: 257.
f lateriguttatus (Karsch, 1879)....................West Africa
Epeira lateriguttata Karsch, 1879a: 336 (Df).
mf lathyrinus (Holmberg, 1875)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira lathyrina Holmberg, 1875: 283, pl. 6, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira montevidensis Keyserling, 1878a: 571, pl. 14, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Epeira caerulea Bertkau, 1880a: 87, pl. 2, f. 31 (Df).
Epeira montevidensis Keyserling, 1892: 148, pl. 7, f. 109 (mf).
A. l. Simon, 1897e: 1.
Neosconella lathyrina Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 41.
Metepeira lathyrina Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188 (Tmf from Araneus).
Cambridgepeira lathyrina Archer, 1951b: 3, f. 7 (Tmf from Metepeira).
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 210, f. 85-91 (mf).
m latirostris (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira l. Thorell, 1895: 186 (Dm).
f leai (Rainbow, 1894)....................New South Wales
Epeira l. Rainbow, 1894a: 287, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df).
f lechugalensis (Keyserling, 1883)....................Peru
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1883a: 195, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1892: 191, pl. 9, f. 142 (f).
A. l. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 299.
mf legonensis Grasshoff & Edmunds, 1979....................Ghana
A. l. Grasshoff & Edmunds, 1979: 303, f. 1-11 (Dmf).
f lenkoi Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 258, f. 326-329 (Df).
f lenzi (Roewer, 1942)....................Madagascar
Epeira albomaculata Lenz, 1886: 388, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df; preoccupied by Lucas, 1846).
A. l. Roewer, 1942a: 810 (replacement name).
mf leones Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 281, f. 457-461 (Dmf).
f liber (Leardi, 1902)....................India
Epeira libera Leardi, 1902a: 360 (Df).
f liberalis Rainbow, 1902....................New South Wales
A. l. Rainbow, 1902c: 486, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
m liberiae (Strand, 1906)....................Liberia
Aranea l. Strand, 1906b: 687 (Dm).
Aranea l. Strand, 1908l: 66, pl. 2, f. 27 (m).
f licenti Schenkel, 1953....................China
A. l. Schenkel, 1953b: 42, f. 20a-c (Df).
A. l. Yin et al., 1997: 172, f. 89a-c (f).
A. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138J-L (f).
mf lineaacutus (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Epeira linea-acuta Urquhart, 1887: 90 (Dmf).
mf lineatipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Honduras
Epeira l. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 30, pl. 7, f. 17-18 (Dmf).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1892: 190, pl. 9, f. 141 (mf).
Neosconella l. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 476, pl. 45, f. 5-6 (mf).
A. l. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 300.
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 239, f. 240-244 (mf).
?? lineatus Franganillo, 1931....................Cuba
A. l. Franganillo, 1931: 288 (D; if this species is ever recognized, a replacement name will be needed).
f linshuensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. l. Yin et al., 1990: 35, f. 84-86 (Df).
A. l. Yin et al., 1997: 173, f. 90a-c (f).
A. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138M-N, 148G (f).
f lintatus Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. l. Levi, 1991a: 262, f. 347-350 (Df).
m liriope (L. Koch, 1875)....................Ethiopia
Epeira l. L. Koch, 1875b: 19, pl. 2, f. 3 (Dm).
?? lithyphantiformis (Kishida, 1910)....................Japan
Aranea l. Kishida, 1910: 7 (D).
A. l. Brignoli, 1983c: 257.
mf lixicolor (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira l. Thorell, 1895: 180 (Dmf).
f loczyanus (Lendl, 1898)....................Hong Kong
Epeira loczyana Lendl, 1898: 562, f. 10-12 (Df).
f lodicula (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1887a: 159, pl. 13, f. 4 (Df).
j longicaudus (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Epeira longicauda Thorell, 1877b: 408 (Dj).
f luteofaciens (Roewer, 1942)....................Cameroon
Aranea luteola Thorell, 1899: 57 (Df; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1862 sub Epeira).
Aranea l. Roewer, 1942a: 810 (replacement name).
f lutulentus (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland
Epeira lutulenta Keyserling, 1886a: 143, pl. 11, f. 6 (Df).
mf macacus Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. ventricosus m. Uyemura, 1961: 103, f. 12-13, 18.5, 19.6, 27, pl. 8, 14 (Dmf).
A. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 92, f. 48.3 (f; elevated from subspecies).
A. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 63, f. 3 (mf).
f macleayi (Bradley, 1876)....................New Guinea, Queensland
Epeira m. Bradley, 1876a: 145, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
mf madagascaricus (Strand, 1908)....................Madagascar
Aranea rufipalpis madagascarica Strand, 1908e: 290, 293 (Dmf).
Aranea m. Roewer, 1942a: 810.
f mamillanus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira mamillana Keyserling, 1887a: 154, pl. 12, f. 8 (Df).
mf mammatus (Archer, 1951)....................USA
Amamrotypus m. Archer, 1951a: 17, f. 23-24 (Df).
Conaranea gertschi Archer, 1951b: 7, f. 33 (Dm; not f, f. 17, 30, =A. arizonensis).
A. m. Levi, 1973: 500, f. 72-85, 442 (f, Sm; specific name preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805 sub Epeira but that species previously synonymized with Argiope argentata).
mf mangarevoides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................Japan, China
Aranea m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 228, pl. 4, f. 21, pl. 11, f. 213 (Dmf).
A. m. Schenkel, 1963: 142, f. 83a-b (m).
f margaritae Caporiacco, 1940....................Ethiopia
A. m. Caporiacco, 1940c: 826, f. 31 (Df).
f margitae (Strand, 1917)....................Madagascar
Epeira cinerea Lenz, 1886: 390, pl. 10, f. 13 (Df; preoccupied).
Aranea m. Strand, 1917c: 71 (replacement name).
mf mariposa Levi, 1973....................USA
A. m. Levi, 1973: 502, f. 107, 122-137 (Dmf).
mf marmoreus Clerck, 1757....................Holarctic
A. m. Clerck, 1757: 29, pl. 1, f. 2 (Df).
A. babel Clerck, 1757: 30, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
A. pyramidatus Clerck, 1757: 34, pl. 1, f. 8 (Df).
Aranea raji Scopoli, 1763: 394 (Df).
Aranea marmorea Fabricius, 1775: 434.
Aranea raji betulae Sulzer, 1776: 254, pl. 29, f. 14 (Df).
Aranea aurantio-maculata De Geer, 1778: 222, pl. 12, f. 16-17 (Df).
Aranea aurantia Olivier, 1789: 200 (Df).
Aranea pyramidata Olivier, 1789: 206 (D).
Aranea reticulata Roemer, 1789: 33, pl. 29, f. 14 (D).
Aranea scalaris Panzer, 1793: 4, pl. 24 (D).
Aranea regalis Panzer, 1797: hft. 40, pl. 21 (D).
Aranea melittagria Walckenaer, 1802: 191 (Df).
Epeira melittagria Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira scalaris Walckenaer, 1805: 60.
Dysdera lutea Risso, 1826: 162 (D).
Epeira marmorea Sundevall, 1833a: 241 (Dm).
Epeira pyramidata Sundevall, 1833a: 242 (f).
Epeira scalaris Hahn, 1834: 27, f. 114 (Dmf).
Epeira jenisoni C. L. Koch, 1834: 127, pl. 16 (Df).
Epeira bohemica C. L. Koch, 1838: 59, f. 377 (Df, not m).
Epeira marmorea C. L. Koch, 1838: 63, f. 379-380 (mf).
Epeira graduata Walckenaer, 1842: 48 (Dmf).
Epeira conspicellata Walckenaer, 1842: 58 (Dm).
Epeira pyramidata C. L. Koch, 1844: 107, f. 912 (Dm).
Epeira jenisoni C. L. Koch, 1844: 126, f. 928-929 (mf).
Epeira insularis Hentz, 1847: 470, pl. 30, f. 10 (Df).
Epeira obesa Hentz, 1847: 471, pl. 30, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira insularis Keyserling, 1864: 91, pl. 5, f. 3-5 (f).
Epeira scalaris Blackwall, 1864a: 331, pl. 24, f. 240 (mf).
Epeira marmorea Menge, 1866: 50, pl. 4, f. 4 (mf).
Epeira pyramidata Menge, 1866: 51, pl. 3, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira flava Giebel, 1867b: 429 (Df).
Epeira annulipes Giebel, 1869a: 250 (Df).
Epeira marmorea Thorell, 1870a: 9.
Epeira marmorea pyramidata Thorell, 1870a: 10.
Epeira marmorea Emerton, 1884: 307, pl. 33, f. 2, pl. 35, f. 17 (mf).
Epeira insularis Emerton, 1884: 309, pl. 33, f. 1, pl. 35, f. 18 (mf).
Epeira marmorea principalis Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 130, pl. 5, f. 15 (Dmf).
Epeira insularis Keyserling, 1892: 170, pl. 8, f. 126 (mf).
Epeira marmorea McCook, 1894: 143, pl. 1, f. 1-2, pl. 2, f. 1-2, pl. 3, f. 7-8 (mf).
Epeira marmorea Becker, 1896: 20, pl. 4, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira marmorea Bösenberg, 1901: 24, pl. 1, f. 4A-E (mf).
Epeira marmorea pyramidata Bösenberg, 1901: 24, pl. 1, f. 4F-G (f).
Epeira marmorea Emerton, 1902: 168, f. 398-400 (mf).
A. m. pyramidatus Lessert, 1910b: 315.
Aranea tusigia Chamberlin, 1919a: 254, pl. 19, f. 3 (Dm).
A. m. Simon, 1929: 682, 758, f. 1045, 1051 (mf).
A. m. pyramidatus Simon, 1929: 682, 758, f. 1046 (mf).
Aranea raji Reimoser, 1930b: 13, f. 3 (mf).
Aranea raji Wiehle, 1931: 75, f. 109-114 (mf).
Aranea gigas Comstock, 1940: 118, 489, f. 112-113, 493-498 (mf).
Aranea raji Muma, 1943: 85, pl. XIII, f. 16 (f).
Aranea raji Drensky, 1943: 242, f. 25 (mf).
Epeira raji Kaston, 1948: 257, f. 816-822 (m).
Aranea tusigia Archer, 1951a: 32, f. 73 (m).
A. m. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 130, f. 79D, 84C, 85C, 86C, 87B (mf).
Aranea raji Mikulska, 1953: 12, f. 13, 16 (mf).
A. m. Yaginuma, 1957a: 54, f. 15 (f).
A. m. Braendegaard, 1958: 34, f. 23-25 (mf).
A. m. Saito, 1959: 86, f. 93a-j (mf).
Aranea marmorea Zamaraev, 1964: 360, f. 80-82 (mf).
A. m. Azheganova, 1968: 76, f. 155-156 (mf).
A. m. Grasshoff, 1968: 7, f. 6, 16a-c, 17a-c, 20d, 21e-f, 23, 25-26, 29f-i, 30e-f, 34b, 35e-h, 36e-h, 37e-h, 38e-h, 39e-h, 40d, 41g-i, 42d (mf).
A. m. Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 593 (f).
A. m. Miller, 1971: 211, pl. XL, f. 3-4 (mf).
A. m. Levi, 1971a: 156, f. 1-6, 100-105, 107-113, 183 (mf, S).
A. m. Loksa, 1972: 87, f. 78A, 79D, 80E-F (mf).
A. m. Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 86, 93-95 (mf).
A. m. Palmgren, 1974a: 22, f. 9b, 10d-e (mf).
A. m. Punda, 1975b: 36, f. 51-55 (mf).
A. m. Paik, 1976b: 83, f. 1-2 (f).
A. m. Gertsch, 1979: 90, f. 3E (f).
Aranea marmorea Song, 1980: 40, f. 14c (f).
A. m. Oliger, 1981: 5, f. 7-8 (f).
A. m. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1982: 50, f. IV.1-2 (mf).
A. m. Roberts, 1985: 208, f. 93c (mf, S).
A. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 94, f. 49.1 (mf).
A. m. Song, 1987: 164, f. 125 (mf).
A. m. Zhang, 1987: 69, f. 51.1-3 (mf).
A. m. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 57, f. 25-29 (mf).
A. m. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1989: 226, f. LXX.1-2 (mf).
A. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 65, f. 10 (mf).
A. m. Hu & Wu, 1989: 90, f. 67.1-6 (mf).
A. m. pyramidatus Hu & Wu, 1989: 91, f. 68.1-3 (f).
A. m. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 74, f. 169 (mf).
A. m. Roberts, 1995: 318, f. (mf).
A. m. Agnarsson, 1996: 62, f. 48A-D (mf).
A. m. Mcheidze, 1997: 272, f. 609-611 (mf).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 174, f. 91a-e (mf).
A. m. Roberts, 1998: 332, f. (mf).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138O-P, 143G-H, 148H (mf).
f marmoreus trapezius (Franganillo, 1913)....................Spain
Epeira marmorea trapezia Franganillo, 1913: 127 (Df).
Epeira marmorea trapezia Franganillo, 1918a: 63 (Dm).
mf marmoroides Schenkel, 1953....................China
A. m. Schenkel, 1953b: 35, f. 17a-e (Dm).
A. m. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 58, f. 31-35 (m, Df).
A. m. Chen & Gao, 1990: 46, f. 50a-b (mf).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 175, f. 92a-e (mf).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138Q-R, 143I-J (mf).
m masculus Caporiacco, 1941....................Ethiopia
A. m. Caporiacco, 1941b: 85, f. 30a-b (Dm).
f masoni (Simon, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira m. Simon, 1887i: 105 (Df).
mf mastersi (Bradley, 1876)....................Australia
Epeira mastersii Bradley, 1876a: 146, pl. 1, f. 6 (Dmf).
m matogrosso Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 230, f. 189 (Dm).
f mauensis Caporiacco, 1949....................Kenya
A. m. Caporiacco, 1949a: 421. f. 61 (Df).
f mauensis ocellatus Caporiacco, 1949....................Kenya
A. m. o. Caporiacco, 1949a: 422 (Df).
mf mazamitla Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 270, f. 400-403 (Dmf).
mf mbogaensis (Strand, 1913)....................Central Africa
Aranea m. Strand, 1913a: 379 (Dmf).
f memoryi Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
A. memorii Hogg, 1900: 99, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df; patronym for Memory).
mf mendoza Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 284, f. 477-481 (Dmf).
m menglunensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. m. Yin et al., 1990: 41, f. 94-99 (Dm).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 187, f. 104a-h (m).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 143K-L, 148I (m).
mf meropes (Keyserling, 1865)....................Colombia to Argentina
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1865: 825, pl. 19, f. 6-7 (Dm).
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1892: 139, pl. 7, f. 102 (m).
A. m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 302.
A. bourgeoisi Berland, 1913b: 93, pl. 9, f. 44-45 (Df).
Aranea plesia Chamberlin, 1916: 253, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df).
Larinia m. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 255 (Tm from Araneus, rejected).
A. thaddeus Levi, 1973: 543 (S, rejected).
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 222, f. 158-167 (removed m from S of A. thaddeus, Sf).
m mertoni (Strand, 1911)....................Kei Is.
Aranea m. Strand, 1911d: 153, pl. 4, f. 2, pl. 5, f. 46 (Dm).
f metalis (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira m. Thorell, 1887: 204 (Df).
j metellus (Strand, 1907)....................China
Aranea metella Strand, 1907k: 193 (Dj).
f meus (Strand, 1907)....................South Africa
Aranea mea Strand, 1907a: 534 (Df).
Aranea mea Strand, 1907n: 619 (Df).
f miami Levi, 1973....................USA
A. m. Levi, 1973: 512, f. 172-176 (Df).
mf microsoma (Banks, 1909)....................Costa Rica
Epeira m. Banks, 1909a: 211, pl. 6, f. 39, 45 (Dmf).
A. m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 260, f. 343-346 (mf).
f microtuberculatus Petrunkevitch, 1914....................Myanmar
A. m. Petrunkevitch, 1914a: 172, pl. 26, f. 6-8 (Df).
f mimosicola (Simon, 1884)....................Sudan
Epeira m. Simon, 1884k: 17 (Df).
f minahassae Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
A. m. Merian, 1911: 221 (Df).
mf miniatus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira miniata Walckenaer, 1842: 39 (Dmf).
Epeira scutulata Hentz, 1850: 19, pl. 3, f. 3 (Dm).
Larinia nigrofoliata Keyserling, 1884b: 653, pl. 21, f. 5 (Dm).
Epeira scutulata Keyserling, 1892: 129, pl. 6, f. 96 (m, Df).
Larinia nigrofoliata Keyserling, 1893: 291, pl. 15, f. 215 (m).
Epeira miniata McCook, 1894: 177, pl. 8, f. 8-9, pl. 10, f. 7-9 (mf).
Epeira scutulata Emerton, 1902: 178, f. 415 (m).
Epeira floridensis Banks, 1904c: 129, pl. 7, f. 5 (Df).
A. floridensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 292.
A. m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
Aranea miniata Archer, 1941b: 20, pl. IV, f. 1 (f).
Aranea floridensis Archer, 1941b: 20, pl. IV, f. 2 (f).
Conepeira partita Archer, 1951b: 13, f. 63 (f, misidentified).
Conepeira floridensis Archer, 1951b: 14, f. 38, 58 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
Conepeira miniata Archer, 1951b: 15, f. 36-37, 61 (Tmf from Araneus).
Conepeira dawsoni Archer, 1951b: 16, f. 13, 39, 53, 59 (Dmf).
Conepeira nifrofoliata Archer, 1951b: 17, f. 41, 65 (Tmf from Larinia).
A. m. Levi, 1973: 506, f. 158-171 (mf, S).
f minutalis (Simon, 1889)....................India
Epeira m. Simon, 1889i: 340 (Df).
f miquanensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. m. Yin et al., 1990: 41, f. 103-106 (Df).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 188, f. 105a-d (f).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 138S-U, 148J (f).
mf mitificus (Simon, 1886)....................India to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira mitifica Simon, 1886a: 150 (Df).
Epeira mitifica Workman, 1896: 39, pl. 39 (f, Dm).
Aranea mitifica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 221, pl. 4, f. 20, pl. 11, f. 207 (f).
A. m. Simon, 1909e: 109.
A. m. Saito, 1939: 19, f. 3(2) (f).
Zilla nawazi Dyal, 1935: 186, pl. 11, f. 6, pl. 16, f. 124 (Df).
Zygiella nawazi Roewer, 1942a: 886.
Afraranea mitifica Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 37 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
A. m. Saito, 1959: 87, f. 94a-b (f).
A. mitifica Tikader, 1963b: 43, f. 4a-c (mf).
A. m. Lee, 1966: 40, f. 10k-l (f).
A. nawazi Levi, 1974a: 271 (Tf from Zygiella).
A. mitifica Tikader & Bal, 1981: 53, f. 115-120 (mf).
A. mitifica Tikader, 1982a: 233, f. 452-457 (mf).
A. m. Hu, 1984: 95, f. 89.1-2 (f).
A. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 100, f. 53.5 (m).
A. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 66, f. 14 (mf).
A. m. Feng, 1990: 58, f. 33.1-4 (mf).
A. m. Chen & Gao, 1990: 46, f. 51a-b (mf).
A. m. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 89, f. 79.1-4 (mf).
A. m. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 638, f. 405a-h (f, S).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 139, f. 54a-f (mf).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 139A-B (f).
f monica Levi, 1973....................USA
A. m. Levi, 1973: 504, f. 110-121 (Df).
m monoceros (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira m. Thorell, 1895: 184 (Dm; N.B.: listed by Bonnet as a synonym of Eriovixia laglaizei).
mf montereyensis (Archer, 1951)....................USA, Mexico
Conaranea m. Archer, 1951b: 8, f. 3, 24-25 (Dmf).
A. m. Levi, 1973: 506, f. 108-109, 138-151 (mf).
f moretonae Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 219, f. 142-145 (Df).
f mortoni (Urquhart, 1891)....................Tasmania
Epeira m. Urquhart, 1891b: 236, f. 1 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
m morulus (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Epeira morula Thorell, 1898: 363 (Dm).
f mossambicanus (Pavesi, 1881)....................Mozambique
Epeira mossambicana Pavesi, 1881: 542 (Df).
f motuoensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. m. Yin et al., 1990: 36, f. 87-90 (Df).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 176, f. 93a-d (f).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 139C-D, 148K (f).
mf mucronatellus (Roewer, 1942)....................Queensland
Epeira mucronata L. Koch, 1871: 74, pl. 6, f. 2-3 (Dmf; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1862).
Aranea mucronatella Roewer, 1942a: 830 (replacement name).
m mulierarius (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland
Epeira mulieraria Keyserling, 1887a: 200, pl. 18, f. 1 (Dm).
m musawas Levi, 1991....................Nicaragua
A. m. Levi, 1991a: 274, f. 427-428 (Dm).
f myurus (Thorell, 1877)....................Sulawesi
Epeira myura Thorell, 1877b: 406 (Df).
f nacional Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. n. Levi, 1991a: 284, f. 474-476 (Df).
mf nashoba Levi, 1973....................USA
Conepeira juniperi Archer, 1951b: 25, f. 54, 78 (mf, misidentified).
A. n. Levi, 1973: 534, f. 380-397 (Dmf).
f navicula (L. Koch, 1871)....................New South Wales
Epeira n. L. Koch, 1871: 102, pl. 8, f. 4 (Df).
f necopinus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Western Australia
Epeira necopina Keyserling, 1887a: 198, pl. 17, f. 7 (Df).
f neocaledonicus Berland, 1924....................New Caledonia, New Hebrides
A. n. Berland, 1924a: 221, f. 124-125 (Df).
A. n. Berland, 1938: 172, f. 126-128 (f, Dm).
f nephelodes (Thorell, 1890)....................Indonesia
Epeira n. Thorell, 1890a: 136 (Df).
mf nidus Yin & Gong, 1996....................China
A. n. Yin & Gong, 1996: 73, f. 1-8 (Dmf).
A. n. Yin et al., 1997: 177, f. 94a-h (mf).
A. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 239, f. 139G-H, 143M-N, 148M (mf).
f nigmanni (Strand, 1906)....................Cameroon
Aranea nigmannii Strand, 1906h: 59 (Df).
f nigricaudus Simon, 1897....................Vietnam
A. nigricauda Simon, 1897b: 474 (Df).
j nigrodecoratus (Strand, 1908)....................Togo
Aranea rufipalpis nigrodecorata Strand, 1908e: 290 (Dj).
Aranea nigrodecorata Roewer, 1942a: 811.
f nigroflavornatus Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
A. n. Merian, 1911: 222 (Df).
f nigromaculatus Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. n. Schenkel, 1963: 154, f. 91a-c (Df).
A. n. Yin et al., 1997: 204, f. 122a-c (f).
A. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139E-F, 148L (f).
mf nigropunctatus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland, Tahiti
Epeira nigropunctata L. Koch, 1871: 65, pl. 6, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira nigropunctata Keyserling, 1887a: 204, pl. 18, f. 5 (Dm).
A. n. Berland, 1942: 21, f. 8e-f (f).
f nigroquadratus Lawrence, 1937....................South Africa
A. n. Lawrence, 1937: 233, f. 10 (Df).
mf niveus (Hentz, 1847)....................USA
Epeira nivea Hentz, 1847: 474, pl. 31, f. 9 (Df).
Larinia forata Keyserling, 1893: 295, pl. 15, f. 218 (Dm).
Epeira forata McCook, 1894: 165, pl. 6, f. 7, 12 (m, Df).
A. n. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
Aranea nivea Archer, 1941b: 20, pl. III, f. 3-4, pl. IV, f. 4 (mf).
A. guttulatus Archer, 1951b: 18 (S, rejected).
Conepeira forata Archer, 1951b: 18, f. 43, 66 (removed m from S of Larinia nigrofoliata, Df).
Conepeira nivosa Archer, 1951b: 19, f. 45, 57, 68 (Dmf).
A. n. Levi, 1973: 528, f. 314-331, 463-469 (removed f from S of A. guttulatus, Sm).
A. n. Levi, 1975b: 104 (S).
f noegeatus (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar, Singapore
Epeira noegeata Thorell, 1895: 178 (Df).
Epeira noegeata Workman, 1896: 43, pl. 43 (f).
mf nordmanni (Thorell, 1870)....................Holarctic
Epeira angulata C. L. Koch, 1844: 77, f. 894-895, not 892-893 (m, misidentified).
Epeira angulata Westring, 1861: 23 (mf, as var. c, misidentified).
Epeira n. Thorell, 1870a: 4 (Df).
Epeira n. Thorell, 1873: 544.
Epeira n. Dahl, 1883: 28 (Dmf).
Epeira silvatica Emerton, 1884: 300, pl. 33, f. 13, pl. 35, f. 1, 4-6 (Dmf).
Epeira n. Emerton, 1884: 301, pl. 33, f. 6 (f).
Epeira n. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 128, pl. 4, f. 46 (mf).
Epeira silvatica Keyserling, 1892: 117, pl. 6, f. 86 (f).
Epeira n. McCook, 1894: 184, pl. 9, f. 5-7, pl. 11, f. 5 (mf).
Epeira silvatica McCook, 1894: 188, pl. 10, f. 9, pl. 11, f. 9 (f).
Epeira n. Emerton, 1894: 403, pl. 1, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira n. Bösenberg, 1901: 27, pl. 1, f. 8 (f).
Epeira n. Emerton, 1902: 163, f. 387-388 (f).
Epeira silvatica Emerton, 1902: 164, f. 390 (f).
A. n. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
Aranea n. Wiehle, 1931: 58, f. 84-85 (f).
A. n. Saito, 1934a: 333, f. 7 (f).
A. n. Comstock, 1940: 484, f. 486 (f).
A. n. Kaston, 1948: 250, f. 783-784, 793-795 (mf).
Aranea darlingtoni Archer, 1951a: 25, f. 71, 75 (Dmf).
Aranea pseudomelaena Archer, 1951a: 26, f. 70, 79 (Dmf).
A. n. Saito, 1959: 87, f. 96a-b (f).
A. n. Wiehle, 1963c: 271, f. 74-83 (mf).
A. n. Yaginuma & Nishikawa, 1969: 74, f. 4-5 (m).
A. n. Levi, 1970: 109, f. 4-6 (m).
A. n. Tyschchenko, 1971: 194, f. 571 (f).
A. n. Levi, 1971a: 150, f. 61-94, 96-99 (mf, S).
A. n. Namkung, Paik & Yoon, 1972: 93, f. 9 (f).
A. n. Palmgren, 1974a: 19, f. 8a-e (mf).
A. n. Yaginuma, 1986a: 95, f. 49.3 (m).
A. n. Chikuni, 1989b: 65, f. 8 (mf).
A. n. Izmailova, 1989: 56, f. 40 (f).
A. n. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 72, f. 162 (mf).
A. n. Roberts, 1995: 317, f. (mf).
A. n. Mcheidze, 1997: 267, f. 584-586 (f).
A. n. Roberts, 1998: 331, f. (mf).
jj nossibeus (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar
Aranea nossibea Strand, 1907d: 732 (Djj).
Aranea nossibea Strand, 1907o: 51 (Djj).
f notacephalus (Urquhart, 1891)....................Tasmania
Epeira notacephala Urquhart, 1891b: 239 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
f notandus Rainbow, 1912....................Queensland
A. n. Rainbow, 1912a: 196, f. 7-9 (Df).
f noumeensis (Simon, 1880)....................New Caledonia
Epeira n. Simon, 1880i: 169 (Df).
mf novaepommerianae (Strand, 1913)....................Bismarck Arch.
Aranea novae-pommerianae Strand, 1913d: 117 (Dm).
Aranea novae-pommerianae Strand, 1915d: 223, pl. 14, f. 20, pl. 17, f. 64 (Df).
f nox (Simon, 1877)....................Myanmar, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines, Moluccas
Epeira n. Simon, 1877b: 77 (Df).
Epeira pilula Thorell, 1877b: 388 (Df).
A. n. Simon, 1905c: 62.
Aranea noxilla Strand, 1907k: 177 (provisional name only).
m nuboso Levi, 1991....................Costa Rica
A. n. Levi, 1991a: 276, f. 431-432 (Dm).
f nympha (Simon, 1889)....................India, Pakistan, China
Epeira n. Simon, 1889i: 339 (Df).
A. n. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 55, f. 121-124 (f).
A. n. Tikader, 1982a: 235, f. 458-461 (f).
A. n. Hu & Li, 1987b: 263, f. 10.1-4 (f).
A. n. Yin et al., 1997: 148, f. 63a-d (f).
A. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139J-L, 148N (f).
f obscuratus (Urquhart, 1893)....................Tasmania
Epeira obscurata Urquhart, 1893b: 116 (Df).
mf obscurissimus Caporiacco, 1934....................Karakorum
A. o. Caporiacco, 1934a: 156, pl. 4, f. 2 (Dmf).
f obtusatus (Karsch, 1891)....................Sri Lanka
Epeira obtusata Karsch, 1891: 283, pl. 10, f. 7 (Df).
mf ocaxa Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. o. Levi, 1991a: 288, f. 499-502 (Dmf).
j ocellatulus (Roewer, 1942)....................Guatemala
Epeira ocellata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 29, pl. 6, f. 17 (Dj; preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1758 sub Aranea).
Aranea ocellata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 518.
A. ocellatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
Aranea ocellatula Roewer, 1942a: 849 (replacement name).
m octodentalis Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. o. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 169, f. 5A-B (Dm).
A. o. Song & Li, 1997: 414, f. 17A-B (m).
A. o. Yin et al., 1997: 149, f. 64a-c (m).
A. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 144A-B (m).
mf omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira o. Keyserling, 1893: 210, pl. 10, f. 155 (Df).
A. o. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
Neosconella farinosa Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 152, f. 48, pl. I, f. 2 (Df).
Eriophora o. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 178 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
Larinia albosigillata Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 247, f. 13 (Df).
Metepeira o. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 249 (Tf from Eriophora, rejected).
A. farinosus Brignoli, 1983c: 262.
A. o. Levi, 1991a: 202, f. 49-57 (f, Dm, S).
f orgaos Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. o. Levi, 1991a: 211, f. 92-94 (Df).
mf origenus (Thorell, 1890)....................Myanmar, Sumatra
Epeira origena Thorell, 1890a: 130 (Dmf).
f oxygaster Caporiacco, 1940....................Ethiopia
A. o. Caporiacco, 1940c: 823, f. 29 (Df).
f oxyurus (Thorell, 1877)....................Myanmar, Sulawesi
Epeira oxyura Thorell, 1877b: 400 (Dj).
Epeira raphanus Thorell, 1887: 206 (Df).
f paenulatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira paenulata O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 47 (Df).
f pahalgaonensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................India, China
A. p. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 44, f. 95-98 (Df).
A. p. Tikader, 1982a: 223, f. 432-435 (f).
A. p. Yin et al., 1990: 38, f. 91-93 (f).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 179, f. 95a-d (f).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139I, M-N, 148O (f).
f pahli (Strand, 1906)....................Cameroon
Aranea p. Strand, 1906h: 61 (Df).
m paitaensis Schenkel, 1953....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1953b: 37, f. 18a-e (Dm).
mf pallasi (Thorell, 1875)....................Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, China
Epeira pallasii Thorell, 1875b: 54 (Dmf).
Epeira p. Thorell, 1875c: 12 (Dmf).
A. p. Kulczyn'ski, 1909b: 678, pl. 26, f. 22 (f).
A. p. Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 279, f. 4 (f).
A. issiculus Bakhvalov, 1981a: 138, f. 2 (Df).
A. p. Marikovski & Marusik, 1985: 3, f. 1-9 (mf).
A. p. Marusik, 1989b: 41 (S).
Neoscona chasisa Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 43, f. 18A-E (Dmf).
Neoscona chasisa Yin et al., 1997: 346, f. 244a-e (mf).
Neoscona chasisa Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 175M-N, 178P, 180E (mf).
A. p. Marusik, Logunov & Koponen, 2000: 12 (S).
f pallescens (Lenz, 1891)....................Madagascar
Epeira p. Lenz, 1891: 174, pl. 2, f. 15 (Df).
mf pallidus (Olivier, 1789)....................Portugal, Spain, France, Algeria
Aranea pallida Olivier, 1789: 200 (Df).
Epeira pallida Walckenaer, 1805: 60.
Epeira olivieri Walckenaer, 1842: 49 (Df).
A. p. Simon, 1929: 679, 757, f. 1043-1044 (f).
A. p. Grasshoff, 1964: 305, f. 1-2 (f).
A. p. Grasshoff, 1968: 7, f. 17g-i, 20a-b, 21k-o, 23, 25-26, 29a'-b', 30c-d, 34d, 35n-q, 36n-q, 37n-q, 38n-q, 39n-q, 40b, 41d-f, 42b (mf).
f panchganiensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................India
A. p. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 48, f. 103-106 (Df).
A. pachganiensis Tikader, 1982a: 227, f. 440-443 (f).
f panniferens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 49 (f).
f papulatus (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar, Malaysia
Epeira papulata Thorell, 1887: 188 (Df).
Epeira petax Thorell, 1890a: 164 (Df).
mf partitus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira partita Walckenaer, 1842: 46 (Df).
Epeira punctillata Keyserling, 1879: 304, pl. 4, f. 7 (Dm).
A. p. Simon, 1895a: 808.
Epeira miniata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 100 (S, rejected).
Conepeira partita Archer, 1951b: 13, f. 34 (Tf from Araneus, Dm; f, f. 63, misidentified, =A. miniatus).
Conepeira atlantis Archer, 1951b: 13, f. 32, 35, 60 (Dmf).
A. p. Levi, 1973: 510, f. 177-191 (mf, S).
A. p. Roth, 1985: B6-5, f. 50 (f).
mf parvulus Rainbow, 1900....................New South Wales
A. p. Rainbow, 1900a: 489, pl. 24, f. 3 (Dmf).
f parvus (Karsch, 1878)....................South Australia
Epeira parva Karsch, 1878c: 804 (Df).
m pauxillus (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira pauxilla Thorell, 1887: 199 (Dm).
m pavlovi Schenkel, 1953....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1953b: 39, f. 19a-d (Dm).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 205, f. 123a-d (m).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 144C-D (m).
f pecuensis (Karsch, 1881)....................Russia, China, Japan
Epeira p. Karsch, 1881f: 219 (Df).
Aranea p. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 227, pl. 11, f. 205 (Df).
mf pegnia (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA to Ecuador and Jamaica
Epeira p. Walckenaer, 1842: 80 (Dmf).
Epeira tytera Walckenaer, 1842: 81 (Df).
Epeira globosa Keyserling, 1865: 820, pl. 18, f. 19-21 (Df).
Epeira triaranea McCook, 1876: 201 (Df).
Epeira globosa McCook, 1878a: 134, f. 4 (f).
Epeira triaranea Emerton, 1884: 315, pl. 34, f. 9, pl. 36, f. 6-7 (f, Dm).
Epeira solersioides O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 25, pl. 7, f. 15 (Dm).
Epeira globosa Keyserling, 1892: 159, pl. 8, f. 117 (f).
Epeira p. McCook, 1894: 170, pl. 7, f. 8-9 (mf).
Epeira globosa Emerton, 1902: 173, f. 406-407 (f).
Neosconella solersioides F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 475, pl. 44, f. 3-4 (m, Df).
A. p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 309.
A. solersioides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 316.
Neosconella bella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 78, f. 223-224 (Dm).
Epeira p. Kaston, 1948: 260, f. 810, 828-829 (m).
Neosconella p. Archer, 1951a: 38, f. 42 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. p. Levi, 1973: 546, f. 5-6, 426-438 (mf, S).
A. bellus Brignoli, 1983c: 260.
A. p. Levi, 1981b: 255 (S).
A. p. Levi, 1991a: 236, f. 228-234 (mf).
f pellax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 45 (Df).
mf penai Levi, 1991....................Ecuador
A. p. Levi, 1991a: 216, f. 128-132 (Dmf).
mf pentagrammicus (Karsch, 1879)....................China, Taiwan, Japan
Miranda pentagrammica Karsch, 1879g: 72, pl. 1, f. 6 (Dm).
Aranea pentagrammica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 219, pl. 4, f. 35, pl. 11, f. 211 (m, Df).
Catheistela pentagrammica Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 100, f. 53.4 (f).
A. p. Zhang, 1987: 70, f. 52.1-2 (f).
A. p. Chikuni, 1989b: 66, f. 13 (mf).
A. p. Feng, 1990: 61, f. 36.1-3 (f).
A. pentagrammica Chen & Zhang, 1991: 91, f. 81.1-3 (f).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 180, f. 96a-f (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139O-P, 144G-H, 148P (mf).
f perincertus Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
A. p. Caporiacco, 1947d: 176, f. 32 (Df).
f petersi (Karsch, 1878)....................Ethiopia, Mozambique
Epeira petersii Karsch, 1878a: 320, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
mf pfeifferae (Thorell, 1877)....................Java, Sulawesi
Epeira p. Thorell, 1877b: 375 (Dm).
Aranea pseudopfeifferae Strand, 1907m: 421 (f,provisional name only).
f phaleratus (Urquhart, 1893)....................Tasmania
Epeira phalerata Urquhart, 1893b: 114 (Df).
f phlyctogena Simon, 1907....................Guinea-Bissau, Bioko, Congo
A. p. Simon, 1907d: 297 (Df, plus two varieties).
f phrygiatus (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira phrygiata Walckenaer, 1842: 54 (Df).
A. p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 310.
f phyllonotus (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira phyllonota Thorell, 1887: 201 (Df).
f pichoni Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1963: 157, f. 93a-b (Df).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 205, f. 124a-b (f).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139Q, 148Q (f).
mf pico Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. p. Levi, 1991a: 215, f. 117-121 (Dmf).
m pictithorax (Hasselt, 1882)....................Sumatra
Epeira p. Hasselt, 1882: 20, pl. 4, f. 4 (Dm).
f pineus Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. p. Yin et al., 1990: 43, f. 107-110 (Df).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 189, f. 106a-d (f).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139R-T, 148R (f).
mf pinguis (Karsch, 1879)....................Russia, China, Japan
Epeira p. Karsch, 1879g: 68 (Df).
Aranea p. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 226, pl. 11, f. 210 (f).
A. p. Yaginuma, 1957a: 55, f. 17 (f).
A. p. Yaginuma, 1969b: 19, f. 1b-8b (mf).
A. p. Song, Yu & Shang, 1981: 83, f. 3-4 (mf).
A. p. Hu, 1984: 95, f. 91.1-2 (mf).
A. p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 95, f. 50.2 (mf).
A. p. Song, 1987: 165, f. 126 (mf).
A. p. Yoshikura, 1987: 298, f. 37.6A (m).
A. p. Zhang, 1987: 70, f. 53.1-2 (mf).
A. quadratus Zhang, 1987: 74, f. 58.1-2 (f, misidentified).
A. p. Chikuni, 1989b: 64, f. 5 (mf).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 181, f. 97a-e (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139U-V, 144E-F (mf).
f pistiger Simon, 1899....................Sumatra
Araneus p. Simon, 1899a: 91 (Df).
f pius (Karsch, 1878)....................New South Wales
Epeira pia Karsch, 1878c: 806 (Df).
f pogisa (Marples, 1957)....................Samoa
Epeira p. Marples, 1957: 394, f. 5a-b (Df).
A. p. Brignoli, 1983c: 260.
f poltyoides Chrysanthus, 1971....................New Guinea
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 29, f. 52-58 (Df).
mf pontii Caporiacco, 1934....................Karakorum
A. p. Caporiacco, 1934a: 154, pl. 3, f. 12 (Dmf).
mf popaco Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. p. Levi, 1991a: 282, f. 466-469 (Dmf).
mf postilena (Thorell, 1878)....................Sumatra, Java, Amboina, New Guinea
Epeira p. Thorell, 1878b: 70 (Dmf).
Epeira p. Workman, 1896: 38, pl. 38 (f).
m poumotuus (Strand, 1913)....................Polynesia
Aranea poumotua Strand, 1913d: 117 (Dm).
Aranea poumotua Strand, 1915d: 221, pl. 17, f. 69 (m).
f powelli (Urquhart, 1894)....................New Zealand
Epeira p. Urquhart, 1894: 214 (Df).
m praedatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)....................Yarkand
Epeira praedata O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 48 (Dm).
f praesignis (L. Koch, 1872)....................Queensland
Epeira p. L. Koch, 1872a: 110, pl. 9, f. 3 (Df).
f prasius (Thorell, 1890)....................Java
Epeira prasia Thorell, 1890a: 154 (Df).
mf pratensis (Emerton, 1884)....................USA, Canada
Singa p. Emerton, 1884: 322, pl. 34, f. 15, pl. 37, f. 14-15 (Dmf).
Epeira reptilis Keyserling, 1892: 244, pl. 12, f. 182 (Dm).
Singa rubella Keyserling, 1893: 284, pl. 14, f. 209 (Df).
Epeira reptilis McCook, 1894: 165, pl. 6, f. 6 (m).
Singa listeri McCook, 1894: 231, pl. 19, f. 3-4 (Dmf).
A. praticola Simon, 1895a: 807.
A. reptilis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Singa p. Muma, 1943: 99, pl. XIV, f. 7 (f).
Singa p. Kaston, 1948: 240, f. 745, 758-759 (mf).
Singa p. Shear, 1967: 10, f. 26-27 (m).
A. p. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tmf from Singa).
A. p. Levi, 1973: 492, f. 2, 21-31 (mf, S).
A. p. Kaston, 1977: 30, f. 23-24 (f).
f principis Simon, 1907....................Principe
A. principium Simon, 1907d: 296 (Df).
f pronubus (Rainbow, 1894)....................New South Wales
Epeira pronuba Rainbow, 1894a: 289, pl. 10, f. 2 (Df).
mf prospiciens (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira p. Thorell, 1890a: 138 (Dmf).
A. p. Simon, 1899a: 92.
m providens Kulczyn'ski, 1911....................New Guinea
A. p. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 484, pl. 20, f. 55 (Dm).
f prunus Levi, 1973....................USA
A. p. Levi, 1973: 536, f. 375-379 (Df).
j pseudoconicus Schenkel, 1936....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1936b: 114, f. 40 (Dj).
f pseudosturmii Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. p. Yin et al., 1990: 25, f. 62-63 (Df).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 150, f. 65a-b (f).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 140A, 148F (f).
m pseudoventricosus Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1963: 150, f. 88a-c (Dm).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 190, f. 107a-c (m).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 144I (m).
mf psittacinus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales, Victoria
Epeira psittacina Keyserling, 1887a: 173, pl. 14, f. 7 (Dmf).
A. p. Dondale, 1966: 1168, f. 3D-F (mf).
j pudicus (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Epeira pudica Thorell, 1898: 358 (Dj).
mf puebla Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. p. Levi, 1991a: 285, f. 482-486 (Dmf).
f pulcherrimus (Roewer, 1942)....................Europe, Russia
Epeira pulchra C. L. Koch, 1835: 129, pl. 21 (Df; preoccupied by Razumowsky, 1789 sub Aranea).
Epeira pulchra C. L. Koch, 1844: 100, f. 908 (f).
Aranea pulcherrima Roewer, 1942a: 790 (replacement name).
f pulchriformis (Roewer, 1942)....................New South Wales
Epeira pulchra Rainbow, 1893b: 18, pl. 3, f. 2-3 (Df; preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1844).
Aranea p. Roewer, 1942a: 831 (replacement name).
f punctipedellus (Strand, 1908)....................East Africa
Aranea rufipalpis punctipedella Strand, 1908e: 292 (Df).
Aranea p. Roewer, 1942a: 812.
f pupulus (Thorell, 1890)....................Java, Amboina
Epeira pupula Thorell, 1890a: 159 (Df).
f purus (Simon, 1907)....................West Africa
Larinia pura Simon, 1907d: 268 (Df).
A. p. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tf from Larinia).
mf quadratus Clerck, 1757....................Palearctic
A. q. Clerck, 1757: 27, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Aranea reaumurii Scopoli, 1763: 393 (Df).
Aranea quadrimaculata De Geer, 1778: 223, pl. 12, f. 18 (Df).
Epeira quadrata Walckenaer, 1805: 61.
Epeira quadrata Dufour, 1824: 205, pl. 10, f. 2 (f).
Epeira quadrata Sundevall, 1833a: 239 (Dm).
Epeira quadrata C. L. Koch, 1838: 66, f. 381-382 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Blackwall, 1864a: 324, pl. 23, f. 236 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Menge, 1866: 53, pl. 5, f. 5 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Thorell, 1870a: 14.
Epeira quadrata Hansen, 1882: 18, pl. 1, f. 32 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 130, pl. 5, f. 12 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Becker, 1896: 23, pl. 5, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira quadrata Bösenberg, 1901: 23, pl. 1, f. 3 (mf).
Aranea reaumuri Strand, 1906a: 458.
A. q. Simon, 1929: 693, 758, f. 1047, 1052 (mf).
Aranea reaumuri Wiehle, 1931: 79, f. 115-118 (mf).
Aranea reaumuri Reimoser, 1932: 11, f. 1 (mf).
Aranea reaumuri Drensky, 1943: 242, f. 26 (mf).
Aranea reamuri Mikulska, 1953: 12, f. 12, 15 (mf).
A. q. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 130, f. 84B, 85B, 86B (mf).
A. q. Saito, 1959: 88, f. 99a-g (f).
Aranea quadrata Zamaraev, 1964: 360, f. 83-84 (mf).
A. q. Azheganova, 1968: 79, f. 159-160 (mf).
A. q. Grasshoff, 1968: 7, f. 10, 16a, 17d-f, 20d, 21g-i, 23, 25-26, 29k-n, 30g-h, 34c, 35i-m, 36i-m, 37i-m, 38i-m, 39i-m, 40c, 41k-m, 42c (mf).
A. q. Yaginuma, 1969b: 18, f. 1a-8a (mf).
A. q. Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 584, 595 (f).
A. q. Miller, 1971: 212, pl. XL, f. 5-6 (mf).
A. q. Levi, 1971a: 164, f. 152-158 (mf).
A. q. Loksa, 1972: 88, f. 77, 79B, 80C-D (mf).
A. q. Grasshoff, 1973b: 134, f. 4c (f).
A. q. Palmgren, 1974a: 24, f. 9c, 10f-g (mf).
A. q. Punda, 1975b: 34, f. 43-45 (mf).
A. q. Roberts, 1985: 208, f. 93b (mf).
A. q. Yaginuma, 1986a: 95, f. 50.1 (mf).
A. flavidus Yin et al., 1990: 30, f. 74-77 (Df).
A. q. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 74, f. 170 (mf).
A. q. Roberts, 1995: 318, f. (mf).
A. q. Mcheidze, 1997: 278, f. 635-637 (mf).
A. flavidus Yin et al., 1997: 169, f. 85a-d (f).
A. q. Roberts, 1998: 332, f. (mf).
A. flavidus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 237, f. 137O-W, 148A (f).
A. q. Marusik, Logunov & Koponen, 2000: 13 (S).
f quadratus minimus (Gétaz, 1889)....................Switzerland, France
Epeira quadrata minima Gétaz, 1889: 60 (Df).
f quadratus subviridis (Franganillo, 1913)....................Spain
Epeira quadrata s. Franganillo, 1913: 127 (Df).
f quaesitus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia
Epeira quaesita Keyserling, 1887a: 197, pl. 176, f. 6 (Df).
mf queribundus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia
Epeira queribunda Keyserling, 1887a: 195, pl. 17, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
f qianshan Zhu, Zhang & Li, 1998....................China
A. q. Zhu, Zhang & Li, 1998: 30, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. q. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 140B-C (f).
f quietus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia
Epeira quieta Keyserling, 1887a: 192, pl. 17, f. 1 (Df).
f quirapan Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. q. Levi, 1991a: 284, f. 470-473 (Df).
f rabiosulus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira rabiosula Keyserling, 1887a: 194, pl. 17, f. 3 (Df).
f radja (Doleschall, 1857)....................Amboina, Yule Is., Aru Is.
Epeira r. Doleschall, 1857: 417 (Df).
Epeira r. Doleschall, 1859: pl. 2, f. 3 (f).
m ragnhildae (Strand, 1917)....................Australia
Epeira gracilis Hogg, 1896: 317, pl. 24, f. 2 (Dm, preoccupied).
Aranea r. Strand, 1917c: 71 (replacement name).
f rainbowi (Roewer, 1942)....................Lord Howe Is.
A. nigropunctatus Rainbow, 1920b: 248, pl. 29, f. 55-56 (Df; N.B.: preoccupied by Epeira nigropunctata L. Koch, 1871; erroneously listed by Roewer as a species of the gnaphosid genus Aracus as well as under Aranea).
Aranea r. Roewer, 1942a: 832 (replacement name).
f ramulosus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia
Epeira ramulosa Keyserling, 1887a: 203, pl. 18, f. 4 (Df).
j rani (Thorell, 1881)....................Queensland
Epeira r. Thorell, 1881: 93 (Dj).
m rarus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland, Victoria
Epeira rara Keyserling, 1887a: 193, pl. 17, f. 2 (Dm).
j raui (Strand, 1907)....................Cameroon
Aranea r. Strand, 1907i: 177 (Dj).
f raui Levi, 1973....................USA
A. r. Levi, 1973: 516, f. 295-300 (Df; N.B.: needs replacement name).
f recherchensis (Main, 1954)....................Western Australia
Aranea r. Main, 1954: 41, pl. 3, f. 5, 8 (Df).
A. r. Brignoli, 1983c: 260.
mf relicinus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Solomon Is., Bismarck Arch.
Nephila relicina Keyserling, 1887a: 216, pl. 19, f. 6 (Df).
A. r. Pocock, 1898b: 462.
A. r. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 396, pl. 17, f. 8-9 (f, Dm).
f repetecus Bakhvalov, 1978....................Turkmenistan
A. r. Bakhvalov, 1978: 790, f. 5-7 (Df).
f reversus Hogg, 1914....................Western Australia
A. r. Hogg, 1914b: 77, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
f riveti Berland, 1913....................Ecuador
A. r. Berland, 1913b: 92, pl. 9, f. 42-43 (Df).
f roseomaculatus Ono, 1992....................Taiwan
A. r. Ono, 1992b: 122, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. r. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140D-E (f).
mf rotundicornis Yaginuma, 1972....................Japan
A. r. Yaginuma, 1972a: 55, f. 9-16 (Dmf).
A. r. Yaginuma, 1986a: 97, f. 51.2 (mf).
A. r. Chikuni, 1989b: 64, f. 7 (mf).
mf rotundulus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland
Epeira rotundula Keyserling, 1887a: 178, pl. 15, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
f royi Roewer, 1961....................Senegal
A. r. Roewer, 1961b: 53, f. 15a-d (Df).
mf rubicundulus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira rubicundula Keyserling, 1887a: 164, pl. 14, f. 1 (Df).
f rubripunctatus (Rainbow, 1893)....................New South Wales
Epeira rubripunctata Rainbow, 1893b: 19, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
f rubrivitticeps (Strand, 1911)....................Aru Is.
Aranea r. Strand, 1911d: 152, pl. 4, f. 4, pl. 5, f. 39 (Df).
f rufipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala
Epeira rufipes O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 31, pl. 4, f. 12 (Df; preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1758 sub Aranea).
Epeira rufipes Keyserling, 1892: 176, pl. 8, f. 130 (f).
Aranea rufipes F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 515, pl. 49, f. 17 (f).
A. rufipes Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
Aranea cambridgei Roewer, 1942a: 838 (replacement name for Epeira rufipes).
Neoscona r. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 170 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
A. r. Levi, 1991a: 234, f. 215-218 (f, S).
f russicus Bakhvalov, 1981....................Russia
A. r. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 144, f. 3 (Df).
f saccalava (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar
Aranea s. Strand, 1907d: 731 (Df).
Aranea s. Strand, 1907o: 57 (Df).
mf saevus (L. Koch, 1872)....................Holarctic
Epeira saeva L. Koch, 1872b: 123 (Dm).
Epeira sinistra Thorell, 1873: 545 (Dm).
Epeira zimmermanni Thorell, 1875a: 81 (Df).
Epeira zimmermanni Thorell, 1875c: 6 (Df).
Epeira solitaria Emerton, 1884: 299, pl. 33, f. 11, pl. 35, f. 3 (Dm).
Epeira nigra Emerton, 1894: 402, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dmf).
Epeira zimmermanni Bösenberg, 1901: 26, pl. 1, f. 7 (f).
Epeira s. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 328, pl. 12, f. 5 (m).
A. s. Lessert, 1905b: 641, f. 10 (m).
Epeira solitaria Petrunkevitch, 1910: 211 (Dm).
A. solitarius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
A. s. Lessert, 1910b: 308, f. 167 (m).
A. zimmermanni Charitonov, 1926b: 57, f. 1 (f).
Aranea s. Wiehle, 1931: 60, f. 86 (m).
Aranea zimmermanni Wiehle, 1931: 60.
Aranea angulata Comstock, 1940: 483, f. 483bis (f).
Aranea angulata silvatica Comstock, 1940: 132, f. 133a-b (f).
Aranea solitaria Archer, 1941b: 19, pl. III, f. 2 (f).
Aranea saeva Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 17 (f).
Aranea solitaria Kaston, 1948: 250, f. 785-786, 796-797 (mf).
A. zimmermanni Johansson, 1950: 93, f. 1-2 (f).
Aranea silvatica Archer, 1951a: 26 (removed from S, rejected)
Aranea nigra Archer, 1951a: 29, f. 77 (m, removed from S, rejected).
Aranea solitaria Archer, 1951a: 29, f. 72 (m).
A. s. Tullgren, 1952: 164, f. 10a-b, 12a-b (mf, S).
A. s. Wiehle, 1963c: 276, f. 84-92 (mf).
A. s. Levi, 1970: 109, f. 10-13 (m).
A. s. Levi, 1971a: 148, f. 7-8, 42-51, 55-60 (mf, S).
A. s. Miller, 1971: 208, pl. XXXVIII, f. 22-23 (f).
A. zimmermanni Palmgren, 1974a: 19, f. 7e-i (f, Dm).
A. s. Kûrka, 1981: 55, f. 1-2 (f).
A. s. Izmailova, 1989: 60, f. 43 (m).
A. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 74, f. 166 (mf).
m sagicola (Dönitz & Strand, 1906)....................Japan
Aranea s. Dönitz & Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 383, pl. 3, f. 3 (Dm).
f salto Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 282, f. 462-465 (Df).
f sambava (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar
Aranea s. Strand, 1907d: 731 (Df).
Aranea s. Strand, 1907o: 61 (Df).
f santacruziensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. s. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 640, f. 407a-e (Df).
f santarita (Archer, 1951)....................USA
Aranea s. Archer, 1951a: 24, f. 65 (Df).
A. s. Levi, 1971a: 150, f. 52-54 (f).
j savesi (Simon, 1880)....................New Caledonia
Epeira s. Simon, 1880i: 169 (Dj).
f schneblei Levi, 1991....................Colombia
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 211, f. 95-98 (Df).
m schrencki (Grube, 1861)....................Russia
Epeira schrenckii Grube, 1861: 162 (Dm).
A. s. Wesolowska, 1988b: 408, f. 14-17 (m).
m scutellatus Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. s. Schenkel, 1963: 153, f. 90 (Dm).
f scutifer (Keyserling, 1886)....................New South Wales
Epeira scutifera Keyserling, 1886a: 152, pl. 12, f. 7 (Df).
mf scutigerens Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
A. s. Hogg, 1900: 100, pl. 15, f. 2 (Dmf).
mf seensis Oliger, 1991....................Russia
A. s. Oliger, 1991: 141, f. 1-8 (Dmf).
mf selva Levi, 1991....................Guatemala to Costa Rica
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 259, f. 335-338 (Dmf).
f seminiger (L. Koch, 1878)....................Korea, Japan
Epeira semi-nigra L. Koch, 1878c: 737 (Dj).
Aranea semi-nigra Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 235.
A. s. Namkung, 1964: 37, f. 25 (Df).
f senicaudatus Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
A. senicaudata Simon, 1908d: 425 (Df).
f senicaudatus simplex Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
A. senicaudata s. Simon, 1908d: 426 (Df).
f separatus (Roewer, 1942)....................New South Wales
A. singularis Rainbow, 1900a: 490, pl. 24, f. 4 (Df; preoccupied by Banks, 1898).
Aranea separata Roewer, 1942a: 833 (replacement name).
f septemtuberculatus (Thorell, 1899)....................Cameroon
Aranea septem-tuberculata Thorell, 1899: 45 (Df).
f sericinus (Roewer, 1955)....................Portugal, Spain
Epeira sericea Franganillo, 1918b: 121 (Df; preoccupied by Latreille, 1806).
Aranea sericina Roewer, 1942a: 791 (replacement name).
f sernai Levi, 1991....................Colombia
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 214, f. 109-112 (Df).
f shunhuangensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. s. Yin et al., 1990: 18, f. 43-46 (Df).
A. s. Yin et al., 1997: 134, f. 49a-d (f).
A. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140F-H, 149A (f).
f sicki Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 250, f. 286-289 (Df).
mf simillimus Kulczyn'ski, 1911....................New Guinea
A. s. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 486, pl. 20, f. 56-58, 60-61 (Dmf).
A. s. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 199, f. 12-15, 82 (f).
f singularis (Urquhart, 1891)....................Tasmania
Epeira singulara Urquhart, 1891b: 240, f. 2 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
f sinistrellus (Roewer, 1942)....................Mexico
Aranea sinistra F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 510, pl. 48, f. 21 (Df; preoccupied by Thorell, 1873 sub Epeira).
A. sinister Petrunkevitch, 1911: 316.
Aranea sinistrella Roewer, 1942a: 852 (replacement name).
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 193, f. 5-8 (f).
f sinuosus (Rainbow, 1893)....................New South Wales
Epeira s. Rainbow, 1893b: 20, pl. 3, f. 6 (Df).
f sogdianus Charitonov, 1969....................Central Asia
A. s. Charitonov, 1969: 79, f. 2 (Df).
f spathurus (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira spathura Thorell, 1890a: 173 (Df).
f speciosissimus (Roewer, 1942)....................Funafuti
Epeira speciosa Rainbow, 1897a: 120, pl. 5, f. 2 (Dj; preoccupied by Pallas, 1773).
Aranea speciosissima Roewer, 1942a: 833 (replacement name).
m speculabundus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia, Samoa
Epeira speculabunda L. Koch, 1871: 80, pl. 5, f. 6 (Dm).
A. s. Berland, 1929b: 64.
f sponsus (Thorell, 1887)....................India
Epeira sponsa Thorell, 1887: 186 (Df).
f squamifer (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland
Epeira squamifera Keyserling, 1886a: 151, pl. 12, f. 6 (Df).
mf stabilis (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Argentina
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1892: 213, pl. 10, f. 158 (Dmf).
A. s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
A. s. Levi, 1991a: 226, f. 174-178 (mf).
j stella (Karsch, 1879)....................Japan
Epeira s. Karsch, 1879g: 69 (Dj).
f stolidus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira stolida Keyserling, 1887a: 186, pl. 16, f. 3 (Df).
f strandiellus Charitonov, 1951....................Central Asia
A. s. Charitonov, 1951: 210, f. 2a-b (Df).
f striatipes (Simon, 1877)....................Philippines
Epeira s. Simon, 1877b: 76 (Df).
f strigatellus (Strand, 1908)....................East Africa
Aranea rufipalpis strigatella Strand, 1908e: 294 (Df).
Aranea strigatella Roewer, 1942a: 814.
f strupifer (Simon, 1885)....................Tropical Africa
Epeira strupifera Simon, 1885d: 368 (Df).
A. eresifrons Pocock, 1898g: 509, pl. 41, f. 3 (Df).
Aranea webensis Strand, 1908g: 395 (provisional name only).
Aranea s. Tullgren, 1910: 163, pl. 4, f. 108 (f).
mf sturmi (Hahn, 1831)....................Palearctic
Epeira sturmii Hahn, 1831a: 12, f. 8 (Dmf).
Atea s. C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3.
Epeira alpina C. L. Koch, 1844: 122, f. 924-925 (mf, lapsus for E. alsine, misidentified).
Atea agalena C. L. Koch, 1844: 137, f. 938-939 (Dmf).
Epeira agalena Westring, 1861: 53.
Epeira agalenoides Simon, 1870b: 311 (Df).
Epeira s. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 131, pl. 5, f. 5 (mf).
Epeira s. Bösenberg, 1901: 39, pl. 2, f. 26 (mf).
A. s. Lessert, 1910b: 321.
A. s. Simon, 1929: 697, 764, f. 1083-1084 (mf).
Aranea s. Wiehle, 1931: 113, f. 177-182 (mf).
Aranea s. Drensky, 1943: 245, f. 20 (mf).
Conaranea s. Archer, 1951b: 7 (Tmf from Araneus).
Atea s. Archer, 1951c: 3.
A. s. Tullgren, 1952: 175, f. 21a-c (mf).
A. s. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 141, f. 94A-B, 95A-B (mf).
Aranea s. Zamaraev, 1964: 356, f. 53-54, 55A (mf).
A. s. Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 575, 586 (mf).
A. s. Miller, 1971: 210, pl. XXXIX, f. 9-10 (mf).
A. s. Loksa, 1972: 79, f. 68C-G (mf).
A. s. Levi, 1973: 490, f. 1, 7-13 (mf).
A. s. Palmgren, 1974a: 31, f. 13a-d (mf).
Atea s. Punda, 1975b: 38, f. 62-63 (f).
A. s. Xu & Wang, 1983: 32, f. 2a (f).
A. s. Roberts, 1985: 210, f. 94b (mf).
Atea s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 80, f. 179 (mf).
Atea s. Roberts, 1995: 323, f. (mf).
A. s. Yin et al., 1997: 151, f. 66a-c (f).
Atea s. Bellmann, 1997: 112, f. (f).
Atea s. Roberts, 1998: 336, f. (mf).
A. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140I-J, 149B (f).
A. s. Aakra, 2000a: 78, f. 1-4 (f).
f suavis Rainbow, 1899....................New Hebrides
A. s. Rainbow, 1899b: 308, pl. 24, f. 2 (Df).
f subflavidus (Urquhart, 1893)....................Tasmania
Epeira sub-flavida Urquhart, 1893b: 117 (Df).
f sublutius (Urquhart, 1892)....................New Zealand
Epeira sublutia Urquhart, 1892b: 241 (Df).
f subumbrosus Roewer, 1961....................Senegal
A. s. Roewer, 1961b: 53, f. 14a-b (Df).
A. subombrosus Brignoli, 1983c: 260.
f sulfurinus (Pavesi, 1883)....................Ethiopia, East Africa
Epeira sulfurina Pavesi, 1883: 16 (Df).
Aranea sulphurina Tullgren, 1910: 167, pl. 4, f. 120 (f).
mf svanetiensis Mcheidze, 1997....................Georgia
A. s. Mcheidze, 1997: 270, f. 601-604 (Dmf).
mf sydneyicus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales, Victoria
Epeira sydneyica Keyserling, 1887a: 155, pl. 13, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
f sylvicola (Rainbow, 1897)....................New South Wales
Epeira s. Rainbow, 1897b: 518, pl. 17, f. 4 (Df).
A. s. Rainbow, 1909: 222.
m taigunensis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. t. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 58, f. 36-38 (Dm).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 182, f. 98a-c (m).
A. taiguensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140J-K, 149C (m).
mf talasi Bakhvalov, 1970....................Kyrgyzstan
A. t. Bakhvalov, 1970: 51, f. 2 (Df).
A. talassi Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 43, 49-52 (f, Dm).
mf talca Levi, 1991....................Chile, Argentina
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 240, f. 245-249 (Dmf).
f talipedatus (Keyserling, 1887)....................Australia
Epeira talipedata Keyserling, 1887a: 169, pl. 14, f. 4 (Df).
f tambopata Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 222, f. 153-156 (Df).
f tamerlani (Roewer, 1942)....................Queensland
Epeira obesa Thorell, 1881: 109 (Df; preoccupied by Hentz, 1847).
Aranea t. Roewer, 1942a: 834 (replacement name).
f taperae (Mello-Leitão, 1937)....................Ecuador to Surinam
Metepeira t. Mello-Leitão, 1937a: 7, f. 8 (Df).
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 212, f. 105-108 (Tf from Metepeira).
mf tartaricus (Kroneberg, 1875)....................Central Asia to Japan
Epeira tartarica Kroneberg, 1875: 2, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
A. mongolicus Simon, 1895c: 335 (Dmf).
A. t. Schenkel, 1936b: 269, f. 89 (m).
A. mongolicus Ermolajev, 1937b: 603, f. 3 (mf).
A. t. Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 276, f. 3 (m).
A. mongolicus Saito, 1959: 87, f. 95a-e (f).
A. mongolicus Yaginuma, 1961a: 82, f. F (m).
A. t. Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 87, 89-90, 96 (mf).
A. t. Yaginuma, 1986a: 94, f. 49.4 (mf).
A. t. Feng, 1990: 60, f. 35.1-5 (f).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 191, f. 108a-c (f).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140K-L (f).
f tatianae Lessert, 1938....................Congo
A. t. Lessert, 1938: 449, f. 35-37 (Df).
f tatsulokeus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. t. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 636, f. 404a-f (Df).
mf tellezi Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 291, f. 515-519 (Dmf).
mf tenancingo Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 290, f. 511-514 (Dmf).
f tenerius Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. t. Yin et al., 1990: 45, f. 111-116 (Df).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 192, f. 109a-f (f).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140M-O, 149D (f).
f tengxianensis Zhu & Zhang, 1994....................China
A. t. Zhu & Zhang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 29, f. 4A-C (Df).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 141, f. 56a-c (f).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140P-Q, 149E (f).
f tepic Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 272, f. 410-413 (Df).
f tetraspinulus (Yin et al., 1990)....................China
Pronous t. Yin et al., 1990: 7, f. 14-16 (Df).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 182, f. 99a-c (Tf from Pronous).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140R-S, 149F (f).
mf texanus (Archer, 1951)....................USA
Conepeira texana Archer, 1951b: 20, f. 48, 69 (Dmf).
A. t. Levi, 1973: 534, f. 362-374 (mf).
mf thaddeus (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira t. Hentz, 1847: 473, pl. 31, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira baltimorensis Keyserling, 1879: 305, pl. 4, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira t. Emerton, 1884: 309, pl. 33, f. 9 (f).
Epeira t. McCook, 1894: 169, pl. 7, f. 3-5 (f, Dm).
Epeira t. Emerton, 1902: 170, f. 401 (f).
Epeira t. Emerton, 1909: 200, pl. 5, f. 2 (mf).
A. t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319.
A. t. Peelle & Saito, 1932: 93, f. 6 (f).
Aranea t. Comstock, 1940: 504, f. 520 (f).
Aranea t. Muma, 1943: 86, pl. XIII, f. 17 (f).
Epeira t. Kaston, 1948: 259, f. 807-809, 826-827 (m).
Neosconella t. Archer, 1951a: 38 (Tmf from Araneus).
Neosconella montana Archer, 1951a: 39, f. 41 (Dm).
A. t. Saito, 1959: 89, f. 103a-f (mf, presumably misidentified).
A. t. Levi, 1973: 543, f. 4, 415-425 (mf, S).
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 239, f. 235-239 (mf).
f thevenoti Simon, 1895....................Zanzibar
A. t. Simon, 1895a: 824 (Df).
f thorelli (Roewer, 1942)....................Myanmar
Epeira modesta Thorell, 1898: 361 (Df; preoccupied by Simon, 1890).
Aranea t. Roewer, 1942a: 821 (replacement name).
mf tiganus (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Ecuador, Peru
Aranea tigana Chamberlin, 1916: 251, pl. 19, f. 2 (Dm).
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 194, f. 9-14 (m, Df).
mf tijuca Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 250, f. 290-294 (Dmf).
m tinikdikitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. t. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 635, f. 402a-g (Dm).
mf titirus Simon, 1896....................Chile, Argentina
A. t. Simon, 1896e: 68 (Df).
A. t. Levi, 1991a: 245, f. 267-271 (f, Dm).
j toma (Strand, 1915)....................Bismarck Arch.
Aranea t. Strand, 1915d: 223, pl. 17, f. 71 (Dj).
f tonkinus Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
A. t. Simon, 1909e: 109 (Df).
mf toruaigiri Bakhvalov, 1970....................Kyrgyzstan
A. t. Bakhvalov, 1970: 51, f. 1 (Df).
A. t. Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 44-48 (f, Dm).
j transversivittiger (Strand, 1907)....................China
Aranea transversivittigera Strand, 1907k: 180 (Dj).
m transversus Rainbow, 1912....................Queensland
A. t. Rainbow, 1912a: 197, f. 10-14 (Dmf).
A. t. Davies & Gallon, 1986: 233 (Rainbow's f=Gea theridioides).
f triangulus (Fox, 1938)....................China
Aranea triangula Fox, 1938b: 368, f. 4-5 (Df).
mf tricoloratus Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988....................China
A. t. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 59, f. 39-43 (Dmf).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 193, f. 110a-e (mf).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140V-W, 144L-M, 149G (mf).
mf trifolium (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Canada, Alaska
Epeira jaspidata Walckenaer, 1842: 59 (Df; nomen oblitum).
Epeira t. Hentz, 1847: 471, pl. 31, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira septima Hentz, 1847: 470, pl. 30, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira aureola Hentz, 1847: 471, pl. 31, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira t. Emerton, 1884: 306, pl. 33, f. 8, pl. 35, f. 13-14, 21-22 (f, Dm).
Epeira t. McCook, 1894: 145, pl. 1, f. 3-6, pl. 2, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira t. candicans McCook, 1894: 146, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira t. Emerton, 1902: 171, f. 402-404 (mf).
A. t. Simon, 1903c: 386.
A. septimus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315.
A. t. candidans Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320.
Aranea gosogana Chamberlin, 1919b: 8, pl. 4, f. 6 (Df).
A. t. Comstock, 1940: 493, f. 503 (f).
A. t. Archer, 1940: 46 (S).
Aranea t. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 94 (S).
Epeira t. Kaston, 1948: 258, f. 823-825 (f).
A. jaspidatus Yaginuma, 1957a: 55, f. 16a-b (f, presumably misidentified).
A. t. Levi, 1971a: 167, f. 174-182 (mf, S).
f trigonophorus (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar
Epeira trigonophora Thorell, 1887: 191 (Df).
f trigonus (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland, New Guinea
Epeira trigona L. Koch, 1871: 50, pl. 4, f. 1 (Df).
mf triguttatus (Fabricius, 1793)....................Palearctic
A. triguttata Fabricius, 1793: 419 (Df).
A. agalena Walckenaer, 1802: 197 (Df).
A. drypta Walckenaer, 1802: 198 (Df).
A. myabora Walckenaer, 1802: 198 (Df).
Epeira drypta Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira agalena Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira myabora Walckenaer, 1805: 59.
Epeira aurantiaca C. L. Koch, 1836b: 134, pl. 1 (Df).
Epeira agalena Walckenaer, 1842: 36 (Dm).
Epeira triguttata Walckenaer, 1842: 39.
Atea aurantiaca C. L. Koch, 1844: 141, f. 940 (f).
Epeira signata Blackwall, 1850: 341 (Dj).
Epeira agalena Blackwall, 1864a: 334, pl. 24, f. 242 (mf).
Epeira agalena Menge, 1866: 65, pl. 10, f. 12 (mf).
Epeira youngii O. P.-Cambridge, 1871a: 461 (Dj).
Epeira camelina Simon, 1870b: 310 (Df).
Epeira triguttata Simon, 1874a: 88 (m).
Epeira triguttata Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 131, pl. 5, f. 6 (mf).
Epeira mayo McCook, 1894: 179, pl. 8, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira triguttata Becker, 1896: 27, pl. 3, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira triguttata Bösenberg, 1901: 38, pl. 2, f. 25 (mf).
Epeira triguttata O. P.-Cambridge, 1909a: 110, pl. A, f. 23-26 (mf).
A. t. Lessert, 1910b: 323.
A. t. Simon, 1929: 697, 763, f. 1081-1082 (mf).
Aranea triguttata Wiehle, 1931: 115, f. 183-187 (mf).
A. t. Saito, 1934b: 326, pl. 13, f. 23, pl. 15, f. 66 (f).
Aranea triguttata Drensky, 1943: 245. f. 20 (mf).
Conaranea triguttata Archer, 1951b: 7, f. 18-19, 31 (Tmf from Araneus).
Conepeira mayo Archer, 1951b: 16, f. 64 (removed f from S of A. miniatus).
A. t. Tullgren, 1952: 175, f. 22a-b (mf).
A. t. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 143, f. 94C-D, 95C (mf).
Conepeira mayo Levi & Field, 1954: 450, f. 35 (f).
A. t. Saito, 1959: 90, f. 106a-d (f).
A. t. Yaginuma, 1960: 55, f. 51 (f).
Aranea triguttata Zamaraev, 1964: 357, f. 55B, 56-57 (mf).
A. t. Miller, 1971: 210, pl. XXXIX, f. 7-8 (mf).
A. t. Yaginuma, 1971: 55, f. 51 (f).
A. t. Tyschchenko, 1971: 196, f. 580 (m).
A. t. Loksa, 1972: 79, f. 68A-B, 69 (mf).
A. t. Namkung, Paik & Yoon, 1972: 93, f. 10 (f).
A. t. Levi, 1973: 492, f. 14-20 (mf, S).
A. t. Roberts, 1985: 210, f. 94c (mf).
Atea triguttata Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 80, f. 180 (mf).
Atea triguttata Roberts, 1995: 323, f. (mf).
Atea triguttata Bellmann, 1997: 112, f. (f).
Atea triguttata Roberts, 1998: 336, f. (mf).
f tschuiskii Bakhvalov, 1974....................Kyrgyzstan
A. t. Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 72-74 (Df).
A. tschuiskyi Bakhvalov, 1983: 90, f. 4 (f).
mf tsuno Yaginuma, 1972....................Russia, China, Japan
A. t. Yaginuma, 1972a: 53, f. 1-8 (Dmf).
A. t. Shinkai, 1977: 327, f. 21 (m).
A. maculifrons Oliger, 1983a: 303, f. 4-8 (Dmf).
A. t. Zhou, Wang & Zhu, 1983: 154, f. 2a-d (f).
A. t. Yaginuma, 1986a: 97, f. 51.1 (mf).
A. t. Marusik, 1989b: 42 (S).
A. t. Chikuni, 1989b: 64, f. 6 (mf).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 183, f. 100a-d (f).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140T-U, X, 149H (f).
mf tubabdominus Zhu & Zhang, 1993....................China
A. t. Zhu & Zhang, 1993: 36, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 184, f. 101a-g (mf).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 140Y-Z, 144N-O, 149I (mf).
mf tuscarora Levi, 1973....................USA
A. t. Levi, 1973: 514, f. 204-214, 444 (Dmf).
mf ubicki Levi, 1991....................Costa Rica
A. u. Levi, 1991a: 274, f. 422-426 (Dmf).
mf unanimus (Keyserling, 1879)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira unanima Keyserling, 1879: 306, pl. 4, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira biplagiata Bertkau, 1880a: 86, pl. 2, f. 30 (Dj).
Epeira unanima Keyserling, 1892: 147, pl. 7, f. 108 (f).
A. biplagiatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282.
A. u. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321.
Metepeira unanima Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188, f. 16, 16a (Tf from Araneus, rejected, Dm).
A. u. Levi, 1991a: 203, f. 58-63 (mf, S).
mf uniformis (Keyserling, 1879)....................Bolivia to Argentina and Brazil
Epeira u. Keyserling, 1879: 307, pl. 4, f. 10 (Df).
Epeira lucida Keyserling, 1884b: 650, pl. 21, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira lucida Keyserling, 1892: 126, pl. 6, f. 93 (f).
Epeira u. Keyserling, 1892: 160, pl. 8, f. 118 (f).
A. candidus Simon, 1895a: 809 (Df).
Aranea vespae Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
A. lucidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 300.
A. u. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
A. vespae Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
Neosconella candida Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 152, f. 47 (Dm).
Metepeira u. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188 (Tf from Araneus).
Wixia lucida Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 196 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
Cambridgepeira u. Archer, 1951b: 3 (Tf from Metepeira).
Metepeira candida Abalos & Báez, 1963: 203, f. 10-11 (Tmf from Neosconella=Araneus, rejected).
Metepeira candida Abalos, 1967: 273, f. 12E (f).
A. u. Levi, 1991a: 246, f. 272-275 (f, Sm).
f unistriatus (McCook, 1894)....................probably Brazil
Verrucosa unistriata McCook, 1894: 201, pl. 5, f. 3 (Df; N.B.: probably a Parawixia, per H. W. Levi, in litt.).
A. u. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
m urbanus (Keyserling, 1887)....................New South Wales
Epeira urbana Keyserling, 1887a: 160, pl. 13, f. 5 (Dm).
f urquharti (Roewer, 1942)....................New South Wales
Epeira similaris Rainbow, 1895: 324, pl. 18, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Urquhart, 1891).
Aranea u. Roewer, 1942a: 835 (replacement name).
f ursimorphus (Strand, 1906)....................Ethiopia, East Africa
Aranea ursimorpha Strand, 1906b: 683 (Df).
Aranea ursimorpha Strand, 1908l: 35, pl. 2, f. 5 (f).
m uruapan Levi, 1991....................Mexico
A. u. Levi, 1991a: 276, f. 433-434 (Dm).
mf urubamba Levi, 1991....................Peru
A. u. Levi, 1991a: 218, f. 133-137 (Dmf).
mf usualis (Keyserling, 1887)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Epeira u. Keyserling, 1887a: 201, pl. 18, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
mf uyemurai Yaginuma, 1960....................Russia, Korea, Japan
A. u. Yaginuma, 1960: append. 3, pl. 17, f. 107, f. 101f (Df).
A. ventricosus u. Uyemura, 1961: 97, f. 7-9, 15a-h, 18.6, 19.1, 25, 26a-i, pl. 4, 6, 13 (f, Dm, reduced to subspecies).
A. u. Yaginuma, 1986a: 92, f. 48.2 (f; elevated from subspecies).
A. u. Chikuni, 1989b: 63, f. 2 (mf).
A. u. Namkung, Im & Kim, 1994: 67, f. 1-6 (mf).
mf variegatus Yaginuma, 1960....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
A. v. Yaginuma, 1960: append. 4, pl. 19, f. 116, f. 50.4 (Df; preoccupied by Olivier, 1789 sub Aranea, but as that species is unidentifiable, Brignoli chose not to replace Yaginuma's name).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1971: 54, f. 50.4 (f).
A. v. Yin, 1978: 3, f. 5A-D (f).
A. v. Namkung & Yoon, 1980: 19, f. 2 (f).
Aranea variegata Song, 1980: 96, f. 42a-d (f).
A. v. Hu, 1984: 98, f. 94.1-3 (mf).
A. v. Zhang, 1987: 71, f. 54.1-3 (f).
A. v. Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 59, f. 44-46 (m).
A. v. Chikuni, 1989b: 66, f. 12 (mf).
A. v. Chen & Gao, 1990: 47, f. 53a-c (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 193, f. 111a-h (mf).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 141A-C, 145A, 149J (mf).
mf venatrix (C. L. Koch, 1838)....................Panama and Trinidad to Paraguay
Miranda v. C. L. Koch, 1838: 56, f. 373 (Df).
Epeira v. Walckenaer, 1842: 38.
Epeira analis C. L. Koch, 1844: 75, f. 891 (Df).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 201, pl. 9, f. 149 (f, Dm).
A. v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
A. sinuoscapus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 49, pl. 14, f. 123 (Df).
Epeira peruviana Taczanowski, 1878b: 150, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
A. peruvianus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 309.
Metepeira peruviana Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 256 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
Aculepeira v. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 75 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
Metepeira v. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
A. v. Levi, 1991a: 252, f. 295-302 (mf, S).
f ventricosellus (Roewer, 1942)....................Funafuti
Epeira ventricosa Rainbow, 1897b: 110 (Df; preoccupied by L. Koch, 1878).
Aranea ventricosella Roewer, 1942a: 835 (replacement name).
mf ventricosus (L. Koch, 1878)....................Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
Epeira ventricosa L. Koch, 1878c: 739, pl. 15, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira senta Karsch, 1879g: 70, pl. 1, f. 5 (Dm).
Epeira ventricosa Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 328, pl. 12, f. 6, 8 (mf).
A. ventricosa Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 213, f. 3, pl. 3, f. 15, pl. 11, f. 198-199 (mf).
Aranea pia Chamberlin, 1924a: 19, pl. 5, f. 36 (Df; preoccupied by Karsch, 1878).
A. v. Saito, 1933b: 54.
Aranea piata Roewer, 1942a: 820 (replacement name for Aranea pia).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1957a: 55, f. 21 (f).
Cathaistela ventricosa Archer, 1958: 16, f. 34 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. v. Saito, 1959: 97, text-f. 7.9, f. 108a-l (f).
A. v. Uyemura, 1961: 86, f. 1-7, 9-11, 14, 17a, 18.2, 19.5, 20a-f, 22b, pl. 1-4, 11 (mf).
A. v. Schenkel, 1963: 152, f. 89a-h (mf).
A. v. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 42, f. 22.1-2 (mf).
A. v. Oliger, 1981: 4, f. 2-6 (mf).
A. v. Yin, Wang & Hu, 1983: 34, f. 2C, 6A (m).
A. v. Hu, 1984: 97, f. 93 (f).
A. v. Guo, 1985: 59, f. 2-13.1-3 (mf).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1986a: 92, f. 48.1 (f).
A. v. Song, 1987: 166, f. 127 (mf).
A. v. Yoshikura, 1987: 151, f. 20.5B (f).
A. v. Zhang, 1987: 72, f. 55.1-2 (f).
A. v. Song, 1988: 128, f. 7A-B (f, S).
A. v. Chikuni, 1989b: 62, f. 1 (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1990: 39, f. 100-102 (m).
A. v. Feng, 1990: 59, f. 34.1-5 (mf).
A. v. Chen & Gao, 1990: 47, f. 54a-b (mf).
A. v. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 88, f. 78.1-4 (mf).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 870, f. 35A-E (mf).
A. v. Zhao, 1993: 231, f. 106a-c (f).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 195, f. XI-XIII, 112a-f (mf).
A. v. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1710, f. 9a-b (f).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 241, f. 13B, 141D-F, 145B-C (mf).
mf ventricosus abikonus Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. a. Uyemura, 1961: 115, f. 16, 18.3, 19.3, pl. 10, 15 (Dmf).
mf ventricosus globulus Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. g. Uyemura, 1961: 112, f. 17b, 19.2, 18.4, 30 (Dmf).
f ventricosus hakonensis Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. h. Uyemura, 1961: 106, f. 9, pl. 7 (Df).
mf ventricosus ishinodai Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. i. Uyemura, 1961: 95, f. 24a-b (Dmf).
f ventricosus kishuensis Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. k. Uyemura, 1961: 93, f. 23 (Df).
f ventricosus montanioides Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. m. Uyemura, 1961: 111 (Df).
mf ventricosus montanus Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. m. Uyemura, 1961: 108, f. 28, 29a-c, pl. 4, 9 (Dmf).
f ventricosus nigelloides Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. n. Uyemura, 1961: 93 (Df).
mf ventricosus nigellus Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. n. Uyemura, 1961: 90, f. 18.1, 19.4, 21-22, pl. 5, 12 (Dmf).
f ventricosus yaginumai Uyemura, 1961....................Japan
A. v. y. Uyemura, 1961: 101 (Df).
f ventriosus (Urquhart, 1891)....................Tasmania
Epeira ventriosa Urquhart, 1891b: 237 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
f ventriosus (Urquhart, 1892)....................New Zealand
Epeira ventriosa Urquhart, 1892b: 243 (Df; N.B.: if actually congeneric with above, a new name will be needed).
f vermimaculatus Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
A. v. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 30, f. 5A-C (Df).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 151, f. 67a-c (f).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141F-G, 149K (f).
f villa Levi, 1991....................Bolivia
A. v. Levi, 1991a: 249, f. 279-281 (Df).
mf vincibilis (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1893: 209, pl. 9, f. 154 (Df).
A. v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
Metepeira v. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188 (Tf from Araneus, rejected).
A. v. Levi, 1991a: 206, f. 64-70 (f, Dm).
mf viperifer Schenkel, 1963....................China, Japan
A. v. Schenkel, 1963: 165, f. 96a-b (Df).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1967b: 94, f. 2c-e (Dm).
A. v. Ohno & Yaginuma 1967: 37, f. 4.1-4 (mf).
A. v. Nishikawa, 1969: 58, f. 2 (mf).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1971: 129, f. 106.2-5 (mf).
A. v. Suganami, 1971: 24, f. 5-6 (f).
A. v. Shinkai, 1977: 375, f. 18 (f).
A. v. Shinkai, 1978: 91, f. 27-30 (mf).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1986a: 101, f. 54.2 (mf).
A. v. Chikuni, 1989a: 136, f. 7A-B, G (mf).
A. v. Chikuni, 1989b: 68, f. 19 (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 152, f. 68a-b (f).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141H, 149L (f).
f virgunculus (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira virguncula Thorell, 1890a: 121 (Df).
f virgus (Fox, 1938)....................China
Aranea virga Fox, 1938b: 370, f. 2 (Df).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 206, f. 125 (f).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141I (f).
mf viridisomus (Gravely, 1921)....................India
Epeira viridisoma Gravely, 1921a: 415, f. 3c (Dmf).
mf viridiventris Yaginuma, 1969....................China, Japan
A. v. Yaginuma, in Ohno & Yaginuma, 1969: 21, f. 3a-f (Dmf).
A. v. Yaginuma, 1986a: 101, f. 54.1 (mf).
A. v. Chikuni, 1989b: 69, f. 24 (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1990: 22, f. 51-57 (mf).
A. v. Kim et al., 1995: 88, f. 1-2 (f).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 142, f. 57a-h (mf).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141J-K, N, 145D, 149M (mf).
f viridulus (Urquhart, 1891)....................Tasmania
Epeira viridula Urquhart, 1891b: 242 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
f v-notatus (Thorell, 1875)....................France, Algeria
Epeira v-notata Thorell, 1875c: 10 (Df).
A. sturmi v. Simon, 1929: 697, 764.
f volgeri Simon, 1897....................Zanzibar
A. v. Simon, 1897b: 474 (Df).
f vulpinus (Hahn, 1834)....................Southern Europe
Epeira vulpina Hahn, 1834: 24, f. 111 (Df).
Epeira spinivulva Dufour, 1835a: 110, pl. 5, f. 5-6 (Df).
Epeira bicolor Walckenaer, 1842: 41 (Df).
f vulvarius (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Epeira vulvaria Thorell, 1898: 360 (Df).
Aranea vulgaris Roewer, 1942a: 821 (lapsus).
m walesianus (Karsch, 1878)....................New South Wales
Epeira walesiana Karsch, 1878c: 805 (Df).
mf washingtoni Levi, 1971....................Russia, USA, Canada
A. w. Levi, 1971a: 160, f. 106, 123-130 (Dmf).
f wokamus (Strand, 1911)....................Aru Is.
Aranea wokama Strand, 1911d: 153, pl. 4, f. 7, pl. 5, f. 40 (Df).
f woodfordi Pocock, 1898....................Solomon Is.
A. w. Pocock, 1898b: 463, pl. 19, f. 3 (Df).
mf workmani (Keyserling, 1884)....................Brazil, Argentina
Epeira worckmanni Keyserling, 1884b: 649, pl. 21, f. 1 (Dm, patronym for Workman).
Epeira worckmanni Keyserling, 1892: 188, pl. 9, f. 139 (m).
Araneus worckmanni Petrunkevitch, 1911: 325.
Metepeira worckmanni Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 188 (Tm from Araneus, rejected).
A. w. Levi, 1991a: 207, f. 78-84 (m, Df).
f wulongensis Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. w. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 170, f. 6A-B (Df).
A. w. Song & Li, 1997: 415, f. 18A-B (f).
A. w. Yin et al., 1997: 153, f. 69a-c (f).
A. w. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141O-P (f).
m xavantina Levi, 1991....................Brazil
A. x. Levi, 1991a: 214, f. 116 (Dm).
f xianfengensis Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
A. x. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 171, f. 7A-B (Df).
A. x. Song & Li, 1997: 415, f. 19A-B (f).
A. x. Yin et al., 1997: 185, f. 102a-c (f).
A. x. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141L-M (f).
f yatei Berland, 1924....................New Caledonia
A. y. Berland, 1924a: 222, f. 128-130 (Df).
f yuanminensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. y. Yin et al., 1990: 26, f. 64-68 (Df).
A. y. Yin et al., 1997: 154, f. 70a-e (f).
A. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141R-T, 149N (f).
mf yukon Levi, 1971....................Russia, Canada
A. y. Levi, 1971a: 166, f. 167-173 (Dmf).
f yunnanensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994....................China
A. y. Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 104, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. y. Yin et al., 1997: 198, f. 115a-e (f).
A. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 141Q, U-V, 149O (f).
mf yuzhongensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
A. y. Yin et al., 1990: 47, f. 117-123 (Dmf).
A. y. Yin et al., 1997: 196, f. 113a-g (mf).
A. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 142A-C, 145E-F, 149P (mf).
f zapallar Levi, 1991....................Chile
A. z. Levi, 1991a: 242, f. 254-257 (Df).
f zebrinus Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
A. z. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 32, f. 7A-C (Df).
A. z. Yin et al., 1997: 186, f. 103a-c (f).
A. z. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242, f. 142D-E, 150A (f).
f zelus (Strand, 1907)....................Cameroon
Aranea zela Strand, 1907a: 533 (Df).
Aranea zela Strand, 1907n: 615 (Df).
f zuluanus (Strand, 1907)....................South Africa
Aranea zuluana Strand, 1907a: 534 (Df).
Aranea zuluana Strand, 1907n: 629 (Df).
f zygielloides Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. z. Schenkel, 1963: 169, f. 98a-d (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
A. crispula (Tullgren, 1952) -- see Araneus.
A. geayi Caporiacco, 1954 -- see Eriophora.
In synonymy:
A. cossoni (Simon, 1885, T from Araneus) = A. cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) (Blanke, 1982: 302).
A. croatica (Kulczyn'ski, 1905, T from Araneus) = A. displicata (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1974b: 296).
A. cucurbitina (Linnaeus, 1758, T from Araneus) = A. cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) (Clerckian names validated by ICNZ Direction 104).
A. displicata octopunctata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = A. displicata (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1974b: 296).
mf alpica (L. Koch, 1869)....................Europe to Azerbaijan
Epeira a. L. Koch, 1869: 173 (Dmf).
Epeira a. Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 21, pl. 9, f. 3 (m).
Epeira a. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 131, pl. 5, f. 21 (mf).
Epeira a. Bösenberg, 1901: 30, pl. 1, f. 13 (mf).
Araneus alpicus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 238, pl. 7, f. 6-7, 21, 27, 31 (mf).
Araneus alpicus Lessert, 1910b: 320, f. 174-176 (mf).
Araneus alpicus Charitonov, 1926c: 117, pl. 5, f. 6 (f).
Araneus alpicus Simon, 1929: 695, 763, f. 1076-1077 (mf).
Aranea a. Wiehle, 1931: 110, f. 171-173 (mf).
Aranea a. Drensky, 1943: 245, f. 23 (mf).
A. a. Archer, 1951c: 3, f. 4 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus alpicus Millidge & Locket, 1952: 65, f. 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11b (mf).
Araneus alpicus Tullgren, 1952: 172, f. 19a-c (mf).
Araneus alpicus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 149, f. 96C, 98D, 99B, 100A (mf).
Aranea aplica Zamaraev, 1964: 358, f. 65-66 (m, lapsus).
Araneus alpicus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 589 (f).
Araneus alpicus Miller, 1971: 210, pl. XXXIX, f. 13 (f).
Araneus alpicus Loksa, 1972: 83, f. 72D, 74A-C (mf).
Araneus alpicus Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 68, f. 40C-D (f).
A. a. Levi, 1974b: 299, f. 38-42 (mf).
A. a. Palmgren, 1974a: 34, f. 16o-r (mf).
A. a. Blanke, 1982: 292, f. 12a-b, 13a, c, 14a-b, 15a (mf).
A. a. Roberts, 1985: 216, f. 97d (mf).
Araneus alpicus Morano & Ferrández, 1985a: 31, f. A-E (mf).
A. a. Levy, 1987: 244, f. 10-12 (m).
A. a. Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 15, 17, 19, 21-22, 24, 26 (mf).
A. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 76, f. 172 (mf).
A. a. Roberts, 1995: 329, f. (mf).
Araneus alpicus Mcheidze, 1997: 275, f. 622 (f).
A. a. Roberts, 1998: 342, f. (mf).
mf cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757)....................Palearctic
Araneus cucurbitinus Clerck, 1757: 44, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
Aranea c. Linnaeus, 1758: 620 (Df).
Aranea frischii Scopoli, 1763: 395 (Df).
Aranea octopunctata Linnaeus, 1767: 1030 (Df).
Aranea viridis-punctata De Geer, 1778: 233, pl. 14, f. 1-3 (Df).
Aranea depressa Razoumowsky, 1789: 245 (Df).
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1805: 63.
Epeira c. Sundevall, 1833a: 245 (Dm).
Miranda c. C. L. Koch, 1838: 53, f. 371-372 (mf).
Epeira squamosa Seidel, 1849: 110 (D).
Epeira c. Blackwall, 1864a: 342, pl. 25, f. 247 (mf).
Miranda c. Menge, 1866: 69, pl. 10, f. 14 (mf).
Epeira c. Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 21, pl. 9, f. 2 (m).
Epeira cossoni Simon, 1885g: 23 (Df).
Epeira c. Becker, 1896: 25, pl. 6, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira c. Bösenberg, 1901: 31, pl. 2, f. 15 (mf).
Epeira c. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 333, pl. 12, f. 22 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus typicus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 232, pl. 7, f. 1, 11, 15-16, 25 (mf).
Araneus cossoni Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 235, pl. 7, f. 13 (Dm).
Araneus cucurbitinus typicus Lessert, 1910b: 318, f. 170 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Charitonov, 1926c: 116, pl. 5, f. 5 (f).
Aranea c. Reimoser, 1929c: 85, f. 3 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Simon, 1929: 695, 762, f. 1074-1075 (mf).
Aranea c. Wiehle, 1931: 106, f. 161-164 (mf).
A. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 76 (Tmf from Araneus).
Aranea c. Drensky, 1943: 244, f. 22 (mf).
A. c. Archer, 1951b: 4, f. 1 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Millidge & Locket, 1952: 65, f. 7c, 8c, 10b, 11a (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Tullgren, 1952: 170, f. 16a-c (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 144, f. 96A, 97B, 98A, 99A (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Chrysanthus, 1955a: 301, f. 1 (f).
Aranea c. Zamaraev, 1964: 357, f. 61-63 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 591 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Miller, 1971: 210, pl. XXXIX, f. 11-12 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Loksa, 1972: 82, f. 71A-B, 72A (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Izmailova, 1972c: 51, f. 2 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 63-64, 66, 69 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 65, f. 38A-D (f).
A. c. Levi, 1974b: 298, f. 22-31 (mf, S, rejected).
A. c. Palmgren, 1974a: 36, f. 16a-d (mf).
A. c. Punda, 1975b: 36, f. 56-57 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Wunderlich, 1975b: 42, f. 30 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Blanke, 1976a: 77, f. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Blanke, 1980a: 97, f. 1, 4, 7 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Tikader & Bal, 1981: 56, f. 125-128 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Tikader, 1982a: 236, f. 462-465 (f).
Araneus cucurbitinus Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1982: 50, f. IV.17 (f).
A. c. Blanke, 1982: 289, f. 3a-b, 5a-b, 6a-b, 8a (mf, S).
A. c. Roberts, 1985: 216, f. 97a (mf).
A. c. Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 6, 9, 12 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1989: 226, f. LXX.17 (f).
A. c. Hu & Wu, 1989: 95, f. 72.1-2 (f).
A. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 78, f. 175 (mf).
A. c. Roberts, 1995: 328, f. (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Mcheidze, 1997: 274, f. 619-621 (m).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 207, f. 126a-b (f).
A. c. Roberts, 1998: 340, f. (mf).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 150B-C (f).
mf displicata (Hentz, 1847) *....................Holarctic
Epeira d. Hentz, 1847: 476, pl. 31, f. 17 (Df).
Epeira ornata Blackwall, 1850: 342 (Df).
Epeira decipiens Fitch, 1855: 219 (Df).
Epeira westringii Thorell, 1856: 106 (Dm).
Epeira westringii Westring, 1861: 49 (Df).
Epeira westringii Hansen, 1882: 21, pl. 1, f. 36 (mf).
Epeira d. Emerton, 1884: 313, pl. 34, f. 4, pl. 36, f. 20 (mf).
Epeira sexpunctata Keyserling, 1885: 530, pl. 13, f. 28 (Df).
Epeira alba Keyserling, 1885: 530, pl. 13, f. 29 (Df).
Epeira cucurbitina Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 131, pl. 5, f. 20 (f, misidentified).
Epeira sexpunctata Keyserling, 1892: 200, pl. 9, f. 148 (f).
Epeira d. Keyserling, 1893: 219, pl. 10, f. 162 (f).
Epeira cucurbitina McCook, 1894: 150, pl. 3, f. 1-3, pl. 4, f. 6 (Dmf).
Epeira westringii Bösenberg, 1901: 31, pl. 1, f. 14 (mf).
Epeira d. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 333, pl. 13, f. 3 (f).
Epeira d. Emerton, 1902: 172, f. 405 (f).
Araneus croaticus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 233, pl. 7, f. 22, 30 (Df).
Araneus displicatus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 237, pl. 7, f. 5, 12, 19, 24, 28 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287.
Aranea d. Wiehle, 1931: 109, f. 167-170 (mf).
Araneus displicatus Nakatsudi, 1942b: 11, f. 3A (m).
A. d. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 76 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. displicata octopunctata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 76 (Dmf).
Aranea d. Drensky, 1943: 245, f. 23 (mf).
Aranea d. Jong, 1947: 511, f. 1-3 (f).
A. d. Archer, 1951b: 4, f. 5 (m).
Araneus displicatus Millidge & Locket, 1952: 63, f. 6a (m).
Araneus displicatus Tullgren, 1952: 172, f. 18a-c (mf).
Araneus displicatus westringi Millidge & Locket, 1952: 63, f. 5a-b, 6b-c, 11c (mf).
Araneus displicatus westringi Locket & Millidge, 1953: 149, f. 96B, 97C, 99C, 100C, E (mf).
Araneus displicatus Schenkel, 1953b: 50, f. 24a-c (m).
Aranea d. westringi Zamaraev, 1964: 358, f. 71-72 (f).
A. d. Shear, 1967: 9, f. 24-25 (m).
Araneus cucurbitinus displicatus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 581, 590 (mf).
Araneus displicatus Loksa, 1972: 82, f. 72B-C, 73A-B (mf).
Araneus displicatus westringi Loksa, 1972: 82, f. 73C (m).
A. d. Levi, 1974b: 295, f. 1-21 (mf, S).
A. d. Palmgren, 1974a: 36, f. 16g-j (mf).
A. d. Punda, 1975b: 36, f. 58-59 (mf).
A. d. Blanke, 1982: 288, f. 1-2 (mf).
Araneus displicatus Hu, 1984: 91, f. 84 (f).
A. d. Roberts, 1985: 216, f. 97e (mf).
Araneus displicatus Guo, 1985: 53, f. 2-10.1-3 (mf).
Araneus displicatus Zhu et al., 1985: 72, f. 59a-e (mf).
Araneus displicatus Song, 1987: 162, f. 123 (mf).
A. d. Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 1-5 (mf).
Araneus displicatus Zhang, 1987: 67, f. 49.1-3 (mf).
A. d. Hu & Wu, 1989: 97, f. 72.3-4 (m).
Araneus displicatus Izmailova, 1989: 53, f. 37 (f).
Araneus displicatus Chen & Gao, 1990: 44, f. 47a-c (mf).
A. d. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 78, f. 173 (mf).
A. d. Breene et al., 1993: 107, f. 166A-C (mf).
Araneus displicatus Zhao, 1993: 229, f. 104a-e (mf).
A. d. Roberts, 1995: 329, f. (mf).
A. d. Tanikawa, 1995a: 56, f. 10-16 (mf).
A. d. Buckle & Roney, 1995: 977, f. 4-6 (mf).
A. d. Yin et al., 1997: 208, f. 127a-f (mf).
A. d. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1711, f. 10a-b (m).
A. d. Roberts, 1998: 342, f. (mf).
A. d. Kim, 1998c: 2, f. 1-7 (mf).
A. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 150D-E, L-M, P (mf).
mf inconspicua (Simon, 1874)....................Palearctic
Epeira i. Simon, 1874a: 84 (Df).
Epeira i. Bertkau, 1889: 77 (Dm).
Epeira i. Bösenberg, 1901: 29, pl. 1, f. 12 (mf).
Epeira i. Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 333, pl. 13, f. 1 (f).
Araneus inconspicuus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 239, pl. 7, f. 8-9, 18 (mf).
Aranea i. Wiehle, 1931: 112, f. 174-176 (mf).
Aranea i. Drensky, 1943: 245, f. 23 (mf).
Araneus inconspicuus Millidge & Locket, 1952: 65, f. 7b, 8b, 9b, 10a (mf).
Araneus inconspicuus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 146, f. 97A, 98C, 99D, 100B (mf).
Aranea i. Zamaraev, 1964: 358, f. 64, 67 (f).
Araneus inconspicuus Miller, 1971: 211, pl. XXXIX, f. 14 (f).
Araneus inconspicuus Loksa, 1972: 83, f. 74D-F (mf).
Araneus inconspicuus Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 68, f. 40A-B (f).
A. i. Levi, 1974b: 298, f. 32-37 (Tmf from Araneus).
A. i. Blanke, 1982: 292, f. 12c-d, 13b, d, 14c-d, 15b (mf).
A. i. Roberts, 1985: 216, f. 97c (mf).
A. i. Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27 (mf).
A. i. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 76, f. 171 (mf).
A. i. Roberts, 1995: 328, f. (mf).
A. i. Yin et al., 1997: 209, f. 128a-d (f).
A. i. Roberts, 1998: 342, f. (mf).
A. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 150F-H, Q (f).
mf jilinensis Yin & Zhu, 1994....................China
A. j. Yin & Zhu, 1994: 1, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
A. jilingensis Yin et al., 1997: 210, f. 129a-g (mf).
A. jilingensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 150I-K, N-O (mf).
mf maderiana (Kulczyn'ski, 1905)....................Canary Is., Madeira
Araneus cucurbitinus m. Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 231, pl. 7, f. 3 (Dm).
Araneus maderianus Blanke, 1980a: 97, f. 3, 6, 9 (mf, elevated from subspecies of A. cucurbitina).
Araneus maderianus Blanke, 1980b: 225, f. 2b, 3a (mf).
A. m. Blanke, 1982: 289, f. 9 (mf).
mf opisthographa (Kulczyn'ski, 1905)....................Europe to Central Asia
Araneus cucurbitinus o. Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 232, pl. 7, f. 2, 20, 23, 26 (Dmf).
Araneus cucurbitinus opisthographus Lessert, 1910b: 319, f. 171-172 (mf).
Aranea cucurbitina o. Wiehle, 1931: 108, f. 165-166 (mf).
Aranea cucurbitina o. Drensky, 1943: 245, f. 22 (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus opistographus Millidge & Locket, 1952: 65, f. 7d (m).
Araneus cucurbitinus opistographus Tullgren, 1952: 172, f. 17a-c (mf).
Araneus cucurbitinus opistographus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 145, f. 98B (m).
Araneus cucurbitinus opistographus Chrysanthus, 1955a: 301, f. 1 (f).
Araneus opistographus Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 65, f. 39A-D (f, elevated from subspecies of A. cucurbitina).
A. cucurbitina Levi, 1974b: 298 (S, rejected).
A. cucurbitina opistographa Palmgren, 1974a: 36, f. 16e-f (mf).
A. o. Punda, 1975b: 36, f. 60-61 (mf).
Araneus opistographus Blanke, 1976a: 77, f. 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b (mf).
Araneus opisthographus Blanke, 1980a: 97, f. 2, 5, 8 (mf).
Araneus opisthographus Blanke, 1980b: 225, f. 2a, 3b (mf).
A. o. Blanke, 1982: 289, f. 3c-d, 5c-d, 6c-d, 8b (mf, removed from S).
A. opistographa Roberts, 1985: 216, f. 97b (mf).
A. o. Levy, 1987: 244, f. 1-9 (mf).
A. opistographa Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 7, 10, 13 (mf).
A. o. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 78, f. 176 (mf).
A. o. Roberts, 1995: 328, f. (mf).
A. o. Roberts, 1998: 341, f. (mf).
mf proxima (Kulczyn'ski, 1885)....................Holarctic
Epeira p. Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 19, pl. 9, f. 11 (Dm).
Epeira mediocris Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 322, pl. 12, f. 21 (Df).
Araneus proximus Kulczyn'ski, 1905b: 232, pl. 7, f. 4, 10, 14, 17, 29 (mf).
Araneus proximus Schenkel, 1930b: 22, f. 8 (mf).
Araneus proximus Tullgren, 1952: 172, f. 20a-c (mf).
Araneus proximus Azheganova, 1968: 78, f. 161, 170 (mf).
A. p. Palmgren, 1974a: 37, f. 16k-n (Tmf from Araneus).
A. cucurbitina Levi, 1974b: 298 (S, rejected).
Araneus proximus Wunderlich, 1975b: 40, f. 23-29 (mf).
A. p. Blanke, 1982: 289, f. 10-11 (mf, removed from S).
A. p. Ransy, 1987: 25, f. 8, 11, 14 (mf).
A. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 78, f. 174 (mf).
A. p. Buckle & Roney, 1995: 977, f. 1-3 (mf).
A. p. Roberts, 1998: 341, f. (mf).
f silesiaca (Fickert, 1876)....................Europe
Epeira silesiaca Fickert, 1876: 70 (Df).
A. s. Blanke, 1982: 302 (removed f from S of A. alpica; not a S of Araneus crispulus Tullgren, 1952, which is not an Araniella, contra Grasshoff, 1976: 150).
mf tbilisiensis (Mcheidze, 1997)....................Georgia
Araneus t. Mcheidze, 1997: 280, f. 642-644 (Dmf).
A. t. Mikhailov, 1998b: 18 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf yaginumai Tanikawa, 1995....................Russia, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
A. y. Tanikawa, 1995a: 52, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
A. y. Chang & Chang, 1996: 143, f. 1-4 (mf).
A. y. Kim, 1998c: 4, f. 8-13 (mf).
A. y. Marusik & Koponen, 2000: 56, f. 1-7 (mf).
mf cambridgei (Butler, 1873) *....................West, Central Africa
Gasteracantha (A.) c. Butler, 1873a: 175, pl. 4, f. 8 (Df).
A. c. Simon, 1907d: 304 (Dm).
A. c. Emerit, 1982c: 465, f. 5-6 (Dm; m previously placed here by Simon, 1907 belongs to Gasteracantha curvispina (Guérin, 1837).
f ungari Karsch, 1878....................West Africa
A. u. Karsch, 1878c: 322, pl. 9, f. 1 (Df; N.B.: treated as a synonym of A. cambridgei by Lessert, 1930: 661, without explanation).
Transferred to other genera:
A. aequior Chamberlin, 1924 -- see Oxyopes under Oxyopidae.
A. aurea Saito, 1934 -- see Eriophora.
A. curvipes Keyserling, 1886 -- see Gea.
A. lalita Sherriffs, 1928 -- see Neogea.
A. lepida Thorell, 1898 -- see Acusilas.
A. leucopicta Urquhart, 1890 -- see Cyrtophora.
A. marxi McCook, 1894 -- see Cyrtophora.
A. sachalinensis Saito, 1934 -- see Eriophora.
A. viabilior Chamberlin, 1924 -- see Oxyopes under Oxyopidae.
In synonymy:
A. abalosi Mello-Leitão, 1942 = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 340).
A. aetherea confusa Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 277).
A. aetherea coniuncta Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 278).
A. aetherea deusta Thorell, 1881 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Chrysanthus, 1958a: 238).
A. aetherea keyensis Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 314).
A. aetherea melanopalpis Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. aetherea tangana Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. anasuja fletcheri Hirst, 1911 = A. anasuja Thorell, 1887 (Grasshoff, 1980: 390).
A. appensa pictula Strand, 1911 = A. modesta Thorell, 1881 (Levi, 1983: 308).
A. arcuata Simon, 1884 = A. lobata (Pallas, 1772) (Levi, 1983: 284).
A. avara Thorell, 1859 = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 340).
A. avara angulicosta Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. avara ocelligera Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. avara tristipes Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. banana Strand, 1919 = A. australis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Bjørn, 1997: 209).
A. barbipoda Strand, 1911 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 277).
A. boetonica Strand, 1915 (removed from S of A. aetherea)= A. appensa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 308, contra Chrysanthus, 1971: 10).
A. browni O. P.-Cambridge, 1877 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. bruennichi africana Strand, 1906 = A. bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) (Bjørn, 1997: 214).
A. bruennichi orientalis Strand, 1907 = A. bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) (Levi, 1983: 282).
A. carinata L. Koch, 1871 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1983: 251).
A. celebesiana Merian, 1911 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 278).
A. chloreides Chrysanthus, 1961 = A. chloreis Thorell, 1877 (Levi, 1983: 292).
A. clathrata C. L. Koch, 1839 = A. australis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Bjørn, 1997: 209).
A. concinna Thorell, 1881 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 276).
A. cuspidata Thorell, 1859 = A. flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858) (Edmunds, 1982: 287).
A. cuyunii Hingston, 1932 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 346).
A. davidi Schenkel, 1963 = A. amoena L. Koch, 1878 (Levi, 1983: 280).
A. doleschalli bivittigera Strand, 1911 = A. reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 276).
A. dubiosa (Strand, 1911, T from Gea) = A. picta L. Koch, 1871 (Levi, 1983: 317).
A. filiargentata Hingston, 1932 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 346).
A. filinfracta Hingston, 1932 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 346).
A. friederici Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. gracilenta (Roewer, 1942, T from Singa) = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
A. gracillima Roewer, 1942 = A. protensa L. Koch, 1872 (Levi, 1983: 285).
A. haynesi Hogg, 1914 = A. protensa L. Koch, 1872 (Levi, 1983: 285).
A. hirta Taczanowski, 1879 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 345).
A. indistincta Mello-Leitão, 1944 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 346).
A. kalimpongensis Sinha, 1952 = A. caesarea Thorell, 1897 (Levi, 1983: 279).
A. leopardina Pocock, 1898 = A. bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847) (Levi, 1983: 312).
A. leopardina clavifemur Strand, 1914 = A. bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847) (Levi, 1983: 312).
A. lihirica Strand, 1913 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 314).
A. lugubris L. Koch, 1872 = A. picta L. Koch, 1871 (Levi, 1983: 317).
A. lunata Bradley, 1876 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. maerens Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. mindiptanensis Chrysanthus, 1961 = A. halmaherensis Strand, 1907 (Levi, 1983: 294).
A. multifasciata Thorell, 1892 = A. protensa L. Koch, 1872 (Levi, 1983: 284).
A. nigripes Simon, 1890 = A. australis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Bjørn, 1997: 209).
A. nigrovittata Thorell, 1859 = A. australis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Bjørn, 1997: 209).
A. novaepommeraniae Strand, 1915 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 314).
A. obscuripes Strand, 1906 = A. sector (Forskål, 1775) (Bjørn, 1997: 224).
A. ohsumiensis Yaginuma, 1967 = A. ocula Fox, 1938 (Levi, 1983: 272).
A. ornata lineata (Marapao, 1965) = A. aemula (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 273).
A. ornata turricula (Marapao, 1965) = A. catenulata (Doleschall, 1859) (Levi, 1983: 274).
A. pallida Rainbow, 1897 = A. protensa L. Koch, 1872 (Levi, 1983: 285).
A. panamensis (Chamberlin, 1917, T from Gea) = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Bryant, 1940: 333).
A. plagiata Karsch, 1891 = A. anasuja Thorell, 1887 (Levi, 1983: 293).
A. plana L. Koch, 1867 (removed from S of A. reinwardti) = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Chrysanthus, 1972: 156).
A. platycephala (Caporiacco, 1947) = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1983: 286).
A. pradhani Sinha, 1952 = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1983: 286).
A. principalis L. Koch, 1871 = A. picta L. Koch, 1871 (Chrysanthus, 1958a: 237).
A. pumila Thorell, 1890 = A. chloreis Thorell, 1877 (Levi, 1983: 292).
A. reticulata (Kishida, 1931) = A. appensa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 308).
A. rotunda (Hogg, 1915, T from Gea) = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 314).
A. schoenigi Marapao, 1965 = A. appensa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 308).
A. seminola Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944 = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 340).
A. shillongensis Sinha, 1951 = A. minuta Karsch, 1879 (Levi, 1983: 298).
A. sikkimensis Tikader, 1970 = A. caesarea Thorell, 1897 (Levi, 1983: 279; see also Tikader, 1982a: 125).
A. squallica Strand, 1915 (removed from S of A. picta)= A. brunnescentia Strand, 1911 (Levi, 1983: 310, contra Chrysanthus, 1971: 14).
A. stenogastra Mello-Leitão, 1945 = A. trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 340).
A. suavissima Gerstäcker, 1873 = A. australis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Bjørn, 1997: 209).
A. submaronica Strand, 1915 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Levi, 1968a: 346, after Bonnet).
A. udjirica Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Chrysanthus, 1958a: 240).
A. undulata Thorell, 1887 (removed from S of A. luzona) = A. pulchella Thorell, 1881 (Levi, 1983: 304).
A. vanicorensis Simon, 1897 = A. bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847) (Levi, 1983: 312).
A. verecunda Thorell, 1878 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. waughi Simon, 1896 = A. argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Archer, 1963: 18, sub A. hirta).
A. wogeonicola Strand, 1913 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 314).
A. wolfi Strand, 1911 = A. aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1983: 313).
A. zabonica (Chamberlin, 1924) = A. bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) (Levi, 1983: 282).
Nomina dubia:
A. elegans Thorell, 1859: 299 (f, South Africa) -- Bjørn, 1997: 206.
A. gibberosa Caporiacco, 1947d: 158 (j, Kenya, Tanzania) -- Bjørn, 1997: 206.
A. gracilis Blackwall, 1866: 464 (j, tropical Africa) -- Bjørn, 1997: 206.
A. manicata Thorell, 1859: 300 (j, Hong Kong) -- Levi, 1983: 262.
A. papuana Workman, 1900: 129, f, New Guinea -- omitted by Roewer and Bonnet.
Nomen nudum:
A. argentata nigra Franganillo, 1926a: 52.
mf acuminata Franganillo, 1920....................Portugal
A. a. Franganillo, 1920: 138 (Dmf).
mf aemula (Walckenaer, 1842)....................India to Philippines, New Hebrides
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 118 (Df).
Epeira striata Doleschall, 1857: 415 (Df).
Epeira striata Doleschall, 1859: 30, pl. 9, f. 2 (f).
A. a. Thorell, 1877b: 364 (Dm).
A. a. Thorell, 1887: 164 (Dm).
A. trivittata Karsch, 1891: 280, pl. 10, f. 6 (Df).
Metargiope ornatus lineatus Marapao, 1965: 46, pl. 2, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. a. Shimojana, 1967: 18, f. 11 (f).
A. a. Tikader, 1970: 29, f. 17b (f).
A. a. Chrysanthus, 1971: 9, f. 1-3 (f).
A. a. Yin, 1978: 4, f. 9A-C (f).
A. a. Song, 1980: 100, f. 46a-c (f).
A. a. Tikader, 1982a: 119, f. 223-226 (f).
A. ornata lineata Brignoli, 1983c: 242.
A. a. Levi, 1983: 273, f. 9-10, 29-35 (mf, S).
A. a. Hu, 1984: 101, f. 97.1-3 (f).
A. a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 114, f. 59.6 (m).
A. a. Chikuni, 1989b: 78, f. 46 (mf).
A. aemule Feng, 1990: 62, f. 37.1-4 (f).
A. a. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 575, f. 356a-d, 357a-f (mf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 69, f. 3a-g (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 150R-S, 151A, 152L, 153F (mf).
f aemula nigripes Thorell, 1877....................Sulawesi
A. a. u. Thorell, 1877b: 364 (Df).
mf aetherea (Walckenaer, 1842)....................China to Australia
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 112 (Df).
A. regalis L. Koch, 1871: 36, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
A. variabilis Bradley, 1876a: 141, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
A. lunata Bradley, 1876a: 143, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
A. brownii O. P.-Cambridge, 1877a: 284 (Df).
A. verecunda Thorell, 1878b: 35 (Df).
A. a. deusta Thorell, 1881: 68 (Df).
A. verecunda Pocock, 1897c: 599, pl. 35, f. 6.
A. a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 198, pl. 12, f. 296 (f).
A. maerens Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 473, pl. 20, f. 45 (Df).
A. avara angulicosta Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
A. avara ocelligera Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
A. avara tristipes Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
A. a. melanopalpis Strand, 1911b: 204 (Df).
A. a. tangana Strand, 1911b: 204 (Df).
A. friedericii Strand, 1911b: 204 (Df).
A. wolfi Strand, 1911b: 204 (Dj).
A. udjirica Strand, 1911d: 142, pl. 5, f. 43 (Df).
A. a. keyensis Strand, 1911d: 145 (Df).
A. lihirica Strand, 1913d: 116 (Df).
A. wogeonicola Strand, 1913d: 116 (Df).
A. a. deusta Strand, 1915d: 211, pl. 13, f. 15, pl. 17, f. 61 (f).
A. novae-pommeraniae Strand, 1915d: 212, pl. 16, f. 51 (Df).
A. wolfi Strand, 1915d: 212, pl. 16, f. 55 (Df).
A. wogeonicola Strand, 1915d: 213, pl. 16, f. 56, pl. 17, f. 58 (f).
A. friedericii Strand, 1915d: 214, pl. 17, f. 62 (f).
A. lihirica Strand, 1915d: 215, pl. 13, f. 14, pl. 16, f. 52 (f).
Gea rotunda Hogg, 1915a: 444, f. 24 (Dm).
A. udjirica Roewer, 1938: 33, f. 22 (f).
A. a. Chrysanthus, 1958a: 237, f. 7-12, 20, 24 (mf, S).
A. a. Main, 1964: 102, f. D-E (f).
A. a. Chrysanthus, 1971: 10 (S A. boetonica, rejected).
A. a. Levi, 1983: 313, f. 5-6, 297-309 (mf, S).
f aetherea annulipes Thorell, 1881....................New Guinea
A. a. a. Thorell, 1881: 68 (Df).
mf aetheroides Yin et al., 1989....................China, Japan
A. aetherea Yaginuma, 1986a: 114, f. 59.5 (f, misidentified).
A. a. Yin et al., 1989: 61, f. 1A-E (Df).
A. a. Tanikawa, 1994a: 34, f. 1-7 (f, Dm).
A. a. Yin & Bao, 1995a: 127, f. 1-3 (m).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 80, f. 13a-i (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 151B-D, 152M, 153G (mf).
f ahngeri Spassky, 1932....................Central Asia
A. a. Spassky, 1932a: 182, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. anhgeri Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 11 (f).
mf amoena L. Koch, 1878....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
A. a. L. Koch, 1878c: 735, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df).
A. a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 199, pl. 4, f. 19, pl. 12, f. 290 (f, Dm).
A. a. Strand, 1918: 95, pl. 2, f. 37 (f).
Coganargiope a. Kishida, 1936a: 18 (Tmf from Argiope).
Coganargiope a. Nakatsudi, 1942a: 304, f. 3-4 (f).
A. davidi Schenkel, 1963: 136, f. 80a-b (Dm).
A. a. Hikichi, 1977: 154, f. 39 (f).
A. a. Yin, 1978: 3, f. 7A-C (f).
A. a. Song, 1980: 98, f. 44a-c (f).
A. a. Wang, 1981: 99, f. 40A-C (f).
A. a. Levi, 1983: 280, f. 67-72 (mf, S).
A. a. Hu, 1984: 102, f. 98.4-5 (f).
A. a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 113, f. 59.1 (m).
A. a. Chikuni, 1989b: 79, f. 48 (mf).
A. a. Feng, 1990: 64, f. 39.1-5 (mf).
A. a. Chen & Gao, 1990: 49, f. 55a-b (mf).
A. a. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 83, f. 73.1-4 (mf).
A. a. Yin et al., 1997: 72, f. 6a-f (mf).
A. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 151E-F, 152N, 153H (mf).
mf anasuja Thorell, 1887....................Pakistan to Maldives
A. a. Thorell, 1887: 162 (D).
A. plagiata Karsch, 1891: 279, pl. 10, f. 5 (Df).
A. plagiata Strand, 1907k: 167, f. 5 (f).
A. a. fletcheri Hirst, 1911: 385, f. 3 (Df).
A. a. Gravely, 1921a: 412, f. 3a (f).
A. a. Grasshoff, 1980: 389 (S).
A. a. Tikader, 1982a: 127, f. 239-242 (f).
A. a. Levi, 1983: 293, f. 167-172 (f, Dm, S).
m anomalopalpis Bjørn, 1997....................Congo, South Africa
A. a. Bjørn, 1997: 230, f. 79 (Dm).
mf appensa (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Hawaii, Taiwan to New Guinea
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 111 (Df).
Epeira crenulata Doleschall, 1857: 414 (Df).
Epeira crenulata Doleschall, 1859: pl. 3, f. 7 (f).
A. chrysorrhoea L. Koch, 1871: 38, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
A. crenulata Thorell, 1878b: 30 (Dm).
A. boetonica Strand, 1915d: 215, pl. 16, f. 53 (Dm).
Coganargiope reticulata Kishida, 1936a: 27, f. 6-11 (Dmf).
A. crenulata Roewer, 1938: 33, f. 23 (f).
Coganargiope reticulata Nakatsudi, 1943a: 154, f. 5a-b, pl. XXII, f. 1-2 (mf).
A. schoenigi Marapao, 1965: 44, pl. 1, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
A. a. Chrysanthus, 1971: 10, f. 4-8 (mf).
A. a. Levi, 1983: 308, f. 271-278 (mf, S).
mf argentata (Fabricius, 1775)....................USA to Argentina
Aranea a. Fabricius, 1775: 433 (D).
Aranea mammeata De Geer, 1778: 318, pl. 39, f. 5 (D).
Aranea mammata Olivier, 1789: 202.
Aranea a. Olivier, 1789: 234 (D)
Epeira mammata Walckenaer, 1805: 56.
Argyopes argentatus C. L. Koch, 1838: 38, f. 360 (Df).
Argyopes fenestrinus C. L. Koch, 1838: 39, f. 361 (Df).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 115, pl. 18, f. 3 (f).
Epeira amictoria Walckenaer, 1842: 119 (Df).
Plectana sloanii Walckenaer, 1842: 200 (Df).
Epeira gracilis Keyserling, 1865: 826, pl. 19, f. 29-30 (Dm; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805).
A. carinata L. Koch, 1871: 29, pl. 2, f. 7 (Df).
Acrosoma sloanii Butler, 1873b: 428.
Argyopes maronicus Taczanowski, 1873: 261 (Df).
Argyopes subtilis Taczanowski, 1873: 261 (Df).
Argyopes hirtus Taczanowski, 1879: 103, pl. 1, f. 23 (Df).
Epeira gracilis Keyserling, 1893: 235, pl. 11, f. 175 (m).
A. a. McCook, 1894: 220, pl. 16, f. 1-2 (mf).
A. a. Simon, 1895a: 764, f. 840 (f).
A. waughi Simon, 1896e: 105 (Df).
A. a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 450, pl. 42, f. 25-26 (mf).
Araneus gracilis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Micrathena sloanei Petrunkevitch, 1911: 378.
A. submaronica Strand, 1916b: 105 (Df).
Gea panamensis Chamberlin, 1917: 243, pl. 19, f. 8 (Dm).
A. a. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 241, f. 90-92 (mf).
A. argyrea Badcock, 1932: 19, f. 13 (Df).
Micrathena sloani Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 77.
A. cuyunii Hingston, 1932: 373 (Df).
A. filiargentata Hingston, 1932: 373 (Df).
A. filinfracta Hingston, 1932: 373 (Df).
A. a. Bryant, 1940: 333 (S).
Singa gracilis Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 259 (Tm from Araneus sub primary homonym by Keyserling, 1865, replaced by Aranea gracilenta in Roewer).
Aranea gracilenta Roewer, 1942a: 843 (replacement name for Epeira gracilis).
A. indistincta Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 328, f. 12 (Dm).
A. a. Abalos & Báez, 1963: 201, f. 12-15, 26-27 (mf).
A. a. Abalos, 1967: 273, f. 12G-H, J (f).
A. hirta Archer, 1963: 18 (S).
A. a. Levi, 1968a: 345, f. 42, 73, 112-136 (mf, S).
A. a. Levi, 1983: 251 (S).
A. a. Levi, 1991a: 177 (S).
A. a. Lopez, 1993: 12, f. 12-13 (m).
mf aurantia Lucas, 1833....................Canada to Costa Rica
A. a. Lucas, 1833a: 86, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila vestita C. L. Koch, 1838: 35, f. 358 (Df).
Epeira a. Lucas, 1840: 421.
Epeira cophinaria Walckenaer, 1842: 109 (Df).
Epeira ambitoria Walckenaer, 1842: 112 (Df).
Epeira riparia Hentz, 1847: 468, pl. 30, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira sutrix Hentz, 1847: 478, pl. 31, f. 23 (Df).
A. riparia McCook, 1882: 256.
A. riparia Emerton, 1884: 329, pl. 34, f. 19, pl. 38, f. 13-14, 19 (f, Dm).
A. riparia multiconcha Treat, 1887: 1122 (Df).
A. cophinaria Marx, 1890: 541.
A. personata O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 110, pl. 14, f. 14 (Df).
A. cophinaria McCook, 1894: 217, pl. 15, f. 1-6, pl. 16, f. 1, 5-6 (mf).
A. a. Simon, 1895a: 765, f. 843 (m).
A. godmani O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 236, pl. 37, f. 8 (Df).
A. riparia Emerton, 1902: 194, f. 448-454 (f, Dm).
Miranda cophinaria F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 452, pl. 43, f. 4-5 (f, Dm).
A. a. Kaston, 1948: 221, f. 696, 717-721 (mf).
A. a. Cloudsley-Thompson, 1956: 74, f. 1B (f).
A. a. Levi, 1968a: 338, f. 43-57 (mf).
A. a. Breene et al., 1993: 101, f. 147A-C (mf).
f aurocincta Pocock, 1898....................Central, East, Southern Africa
A. a. Pocock, 1898g: 512, pl. 41, f. 6, pl. 42, f. 11 (Df).
A. a. Bjørn, 1997: 207, f. 6-10, 15-19 (f).
mf australis (Walckenaer, 1805)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1805: 56 (D).
Argyopes clathratus C. L. Koch, 1838: 40, f. 362 (Df).
Epeira australis Walckenaer, 1842: 116 (Df).
A. laeta Thorell, 1859: 300 (Df).
A. nigrovittata Thorell, 1859: 300 (Df).
Argyopes caudatus Blackwall, 1865b: 346 (Df).
A. sericea zairensis Brito Capello, 1866: 80 (Df).
A. clathrata Thorell, 1868b: 30.
A. nigrovittata Thorell, 1868b: 31.
A. suavissima Gerstäcker, 1873: 495, pl. 18, f. 10 (Df).
A. nigripes Simon, 1890a: 101 (Df).
A. suavissima Tullgren, 1910: 156, pl. 4, f. 91 (f).
A. nigrovittata Tullgren, 1910: 156, pl. 4, f. 92 (f).
A. banana Strand, 1920: 110 (Df).
A. suavissima Lessert, 1930: 629, f. 10a (f).
A. a. Bjørn, 1997: 209, f. 1, 11-12, 20-33 (N.B.: Walckenaer's 1805 citation of a pre-Linnean discussion of the f of this species regarded as a valid indication, Dm, S).
mf blanda O. P.-Cambridge, 1898....................USA to Costa Rica
A. b. O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 267, pl. 37, f. 2 (Dm).
A. b. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 451, pl. 43, f. 1 (m).
A. b. Levi, 1968a: 348, f. 137-153 (m, Df).
mf boesenbergi Levi, 1983....................China, Korea, Japan
A. b. Levi, 1983: 279, f. 61-66 (Dmf).
A. b. Yaginuma, 1986a: 113, f. 59.2 (m).
A. b. Hu & Li, 1987b: 265, f. 11.1-5 (f).
A. b. Chikuni, 1989b: 79, f. 49 (mf).
A. b. Feng, 1990: 63, f. 38.1-6 (mf).
A. b. Chen & Gao, 1990: 50, f. 56a-c (f).
A. b. Namkung, Im & Kim, 1994: 69, f. 7-14 (mf).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 73, f. 7a-f (f).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151G-I (f).
mf bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847)....................New Guinea to Solomon Is.
Epeira b. Walckenaer, 1847a: 473 (Df).
A. b. L. Koch, 1871: 42.
A. vanicorensis Simon, 1898b: 272 (Df).
A. leopardina Pocock, 1898b: 461, pl. 19, f. 2 (Df).
A. leopardina clavifemur Strand, 1915d: 216 (Df).
A. b. Levi, 1983: 312, f. 286-291 (f, Dm, S).
mf bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)....................Palearctic
Aranea brünnichii Scopoli, 1772: 125 (D).
Aranea speciosa Pallas, 1773: 732 (D).
Aranea senoculata Lepechin, 1774: 316, pl. 16, f. 1 (misidentified).
Aranea fasciata Fabricius, 1775: 433 (D).
Aranea zebra Sulzer, 1776: 254, pl. 29, f. 15 (Df).
Aranea formosa Cyrillus, 1787: 7, pl. 9 (Df).
Aranea pulchra Razoumowsky, 1787: 372 (D).
Aranea caspia Gmelin, 1789: 2959 (D).
Aranea fasciata Olivier, 1789: 198 (D).
Aranea phragmitis Rossi, 1790: 128, pl. 3, f. 13, pl. 9, f. 5 (D).
Segestria pulchra Risso, 1826: 160 (D).
A. fasciata Audouin, 1826: 329 (Df).
Miranda transalpina C. L. Koch, 1835: 128, pl. 14 (Df).
Epeira speciosa Krynicki, 1837: 76.
Nephila transalpina C. L. Koch, 1838: 33, f. 356-357 (Dmf).
Epeira speciosa Eichwald, 1841: 241, pl. 37, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira fasciata Walckenaer, 1842: 104 (Dmf).
Epeira fasciata var. A. Walckenaer, 1842: 105 (f).
Nephila fasciata C. L. Koch, 1844: 159, f. 954 (f).
A. b. Thorell, 1873: 518.
A. b. Simon, 1874a: 31 (mf).
A. b. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 117, pl. 4, f. 40 (mf).
A. b. Becker, 1896: 5, pl. 1, f. 2 (mf).
A. b. Bösenberg, 1901: 20, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf).
A. brünnichii africana Strand, 1906b: 618 (Df).
A. b. orientalis Strand, 1907m: 416 (Df).
Miranda zabonica Chamberlin, 1924a: 17, pl. 4, f. 34 (Dmf).
A. b. Kolosváry, 1931: 1075, pl. 30, f. 6-9 (f).
A. b. Wiehle, 1931: 14, f. 4b, 5a, 11-17 (Dmf).
A. b. Drensky, 1943: 222, f. 3 (mf).
A. b. Bristowe, 1945: 829, f. 1-3 (f).
A. b. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 168, f. 112A-C (mf).
A. b. Cloudsley-Thompson, 1956: 74, f. 1A (f).
A. brünnichi Saito, 1959: 100, f. 117a-f (f).
A. b. Crome & Crome, 1961a: 444, f. 37-42 (f).
A. b. Crome & Crome, 1961b: 190, f. 22-26 (mf).
A. b. Azheganova, 1968: 70, f. 141-143 (mf).
A. b. Levi, 1968a: 334, f. 39-41 (m).
A. b. Tyschchenko, 1971: 190, f. 550 (m).
A. b. Miller, 1971: 201, pl. XXXVII, f. 16 (f).
A. b. Loksa, 1972: 110, f. 100B, 101A-B (mf).
A. b. Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 12-14 (f).
A. b. Yin, 1978: 3, f. 6A-C (f).
A. b. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 42, f. 23 (m).
A. b. Song, 1980: 97, f. 43a-c (f).
A. b. Wang, 1981: 98, f. 39A-C (f).
A. b. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1982: 50, f. III.21, 25 (mf).
A. b. Levi, 1983: 282, f. 81-86 (mf, S).
A. b. Hu, 1984: 103, f. 99.1-2 (f).
A. b. Roberts, 1985: 222, f. 100c (mf).
A. b. Zhu et al., 1985: 76, f. 63a-c (f).
A. b. Yaginuma, 1986a: 114, f. 69.4 (m).
A. bruennichii Zhang, 1987: 75, f. 59.1-4 (mf).
A. b. Song, 1988: 130, f. 9A-C (mf).
A. b. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1989: 225, f. LXIX.21, 25 (mf).
A. b. Chikuni, 1989b: 78, f. 47 (mf).
A. b. Hu & Wu, 1989: 98, f. 73.1-3 (mf).
A. bruennichii Feng, 1990: 65, f. 40.1-5 (mf).
A. bruennichii Chen & Gao, 1990: 50, f. 57a-b (mf).
A. b. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 82, f. 72.1-4 (mf).
A. b. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 80, f. 177 (mf).
A. b. Zhao, 1993: 234, f. 108a-c (f).
A. b. Roberts, 1995: 338, f. (mf).
A. b. Mcheidze, 1997: 252, f. 543-547 (mf).
A. b. Bjørn, 1997: 214, f. 37-42 (mf, S).
A. b. Levy, 1998a: 358, f. 179-187 (mf).
A. b. Yin et al., 1997: 75, f. 8a-f (mf).
A. b. Roberts, 1998: 350, f. (mf).
A. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151J-K, 152O (mf).
f bruennichi nigrofasciata Franganillo, 1910....................Portugal
A. bruennuchi n. Franganillo, 1910: 7, f. 1-2 (Df).
mf brunnescantia Strand, 1911....................New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.
A. avara b. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
A. squallica Strand, 1915d: 216, pl. 16, f. 54 (Dm).
A. b. Levi, 1983: 310, f. 279-285 (f, Sm, elevated from subspecies).
f buehleri Schenkel, 1944....................Timor
A. bühleri Schenkel, 1944: 184, f. 7a-c (Df).
A. b. Levi, 1983: 276, f. 42-46 (f).
f bullocki Rainbow, 1908....................New South Wales
A. bullockii Rainbow, 1908: 46, f. 3 (Df).
A. b. Levi, 1983: 288, f. 120-123 (f).
f caesarea Thorell, 1897....................India, Myanmar, China
A. c. Thorell, 1897b: 7 (Df).
A. kalimpongensis Sinha, 1952: 77, f. 3a-c (Df).
A. sikkimensis Tikader, 1970: 28, f. 18a-b (Df).
A. kalimpongensis Tikader, 1982a: 125, f. 235-238 (f, S).
A. c. Levi, 1983: 279, f. 56-60 (f, S).
A. c. Yin et al., 1989: 62, f. 2A-C (f).
A. caesares Yin et al., 1997: 71, f. 5a-f (f).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151L-N, 153I (f).
f caledonia Levi, 1983....................New Caledonia, New Hebrides
A. c. Levi, 1983: 302, f. 217-221 (Df).
m cameloides Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
A. c. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 33, f. 8A-C (Dm).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 82, f. 14a-c (m).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 152P, 153J (m).
mf catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)....................India to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira c. Doleschall, 1859: 30, pl. 9, f. 1 (Df).
A. opulenta Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
Epeira stellata Stoliczka, 1869: 234, pl. 28, f. 6 (Df).
A. pelewensis Keyserling, 1886a: 136, pl. 11, f. 2 (Df).
A. c. Kolosváry, 1931: 1071, pl. 30, f. 5 (f).
A. c. Chrysanthus, 1958a: 240, f. 13-18, 22 (mf).
Metargiope ornatus turricula Marapao, 1965: 47, pl. 3, f. 5-11 (Dmf).
A. c. Yin, 1978: 4, f. 10A-C (f).
A. c. Song, 1980: 101, f. 47a-c (f).
A. c. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 35, f. 56-58 (f).
A. c. Tikader, 1982a: 121, f. 227-230 (f).
A. ornata turricula Brignoli, 1983c: 243.
A. c. Levi, 1983: 274, f. 36-41 (mf, S).
A. c. Hu, 1984: 103, f. 98.1-3 (f).
A. c. Feng, 1990: 66, f. 41.1-6 (mf).
A. c. Amalin, Barrion & Rueda, 1992: 37, f. 1a-e, 2a-c (mf).
A. c. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 570, f. 353a-e, 354a-c (mf).
A. c. Yin et al., 1997: 70, f. 4a-h (mf).
A. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151O-P, 152Q, 153K (mf).
f chloreis Thorell, 1877....................Sumatra to New Guinea
A. c. Thorell, 1877b: 368 (Df).
A. pumila Thorell, 1890a: 99 (Df).
A. chloreides Chrysanthus, 1961b: 197, f. 5-8 (Df).
A. pumila Chrysanthus, 1961b: 197, f. 10-11 (f).
A. c. Levi, 1983: 292, f. 141-151 (f, S).
f comorica Bjørn, 1997....................Comoro Is.
A. c. Bjørn, 1997: 229, f. 74-78 (Df).
f coquereli (Vinson, 1863)....................Zanzibar, Madagascar
Epeira coquerelii Vinson, 1863: 201, 312, pl. 8, f. 1 (Df).
A. c. Karsch, 1879a: 339.
A. c. Bjørn, 1997: 217, f. 43-48 (f).
f dietrichae Levi, 1983....................Western Australia, Northern Australia
A. d. Levi, 1983: 290, f. 136-140 (Df).
mf doboensis Strand, 1911....................Indonesia, New Guinea
A. d. Strand, 1911d: 144, pl. 4, f. 6 (Df).
A. ocyaloides Chrysanthus, 1971: 14, f. 13-16 (f, misidentified).
A. d. Levi, 1983: 290, f. 1-2, 130-135 (mf).
f extensa Rainbow, 1897....................New South Wales
A. e. Rainbow, 1897b: 519, pl. 17, f. 5 (Df).
mf flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858)....................Africa
Epeira f. Lucas, 1858: 427 (Df).
A. cuspidata Thorell, 1859: 300 (Df).
A. flavipalpis Brito Capello, 1866: 83, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
A. pechuelii Karsch, 1879a: 340 (Df).
A. f. Thorell, 1899: 39 (Dm).
A. pechueli preussi Strand, 1906h: 53 (Df).
A. cuspidata Lessert, 1930: 630, f. 10 (f).
A. f. Caporiacco, 1941b: 72, f. 24a-b (m).
A. f. Edmunds, 1982: 287, f. 5-21 (mf, S).
A. f. Bjørn, 1997: 218, f. 49-53 (mf).
mf florida Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944....................USA
A. f. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 95, f. 93-97 (Df).
A. f. Levi, 1968a: 344, f. 92-111 (f, Dm).
f halmaherensis Strand, 1907....................Moluccas to New Guinea
A. h. Strand, 1907k: 171, f. 4 (Df).
A. mindiptanensis Chrysanthus, 1961b: 195, f. 1-4 (Df).
A. h. Levi, 1983: 294, f. 173-177 (f, S).
f intricata Simon, 1877....................Philippines
A. i. Simon, 1877b: 75 (Df).
A. i. Levi, 1983: 304, f. 233-237 (f).
m jinghongensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994....................China
A. j. Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 105, f. 6-9 (Dm).
A. j. Yin et al., 1997: 82, f. 15a-d (m).
A. j. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 260, f. 152R (m).
mf katherina Levi, 1983....................Northern Australia
A. k. Levi, 1983: 300, f. 211-216 (Dmf).
mf keyserlingi Karsch, 1878....................Queensland, New South Wales, Lord Howe Is.
A. aetherea Keyserling, 1865: 803, pl. 19, f. 1, 2 (f, misidentified).
A. keyserlingii Karsch, 1878c: 789 (Df).
A. k. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 199, pl. 11, f. 230 (Df).
A. k. Levi, 1983: 296, f. 194-199 (f, Dm).
A. k. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 33 (mf).
f kochi Levi, 1983....................Queensland
A. k. Levi, 1983: 298, f. 200-204 (Df, possible m-f. 193).
mf levii Bjørn, 1997....................Kenya, Tanzania
A. l. Bjørn, 1997: 232, f. 13b, 86-92 (Dmf).
mf lobata (Pallas, 1772) *....................Old World
Aranea l. Pallas, 1772: 46, pl. 3, f. 14-15 (Df).
Aranea l. Fabricius, 1781: 536 (D).
Aranea argentea Gmelin, 1789: 2954 (D).
Aranea sericea Olivier, 1789: 198 (D).
Aranea l. Olivier, 1789: 232 (D).
Epeira sericea Latreille, 1806: 107 (D).
Epeira sericea Hahn, 1821: 1, pl. 28, f. a (Df).
Segestria dentata Risso, 1826: 161 (D).
Epeira margaritacea Risso, 1826: 170 (D).
A. sericea Audouin, 1826: 334, pl. 2, f. 6 (f).
A. splendida Audouin, 1826: 335, pl. 2, f. 7 (Df).
Argyopes praelautus C. L. Koch, 1838: 36, f. 359 (Df).
Argyopes sericea Eichwald, 1841: 241, pl. 37, f. 4 (f).
Epeira splendida Walckenaer, 1842: 117 (D).
Epeira dentata Walckenaer, 1842: 118 (Df).
Argyopes impudicus L. Koch, 1867c: 857 (Dm).
Argiope l. Thorell, 1873: 520.
A. l. Simon, 1874a: 29, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf).
A. arcuata Simon, 1884q: 343 (Df).
A. l. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 117, pl. 4, f. 41 (mf).
A. arcuata Pocock, 1900a: 220, f. 70 (f).
A. l. Kolosváry, 1938b: 22, f. 1-5 (f; N.B.: names four additional "forms", without diagnoses).
A. l. Drensky, 1943: 222, f. 3 (m).
A. l. Denis, 1947a: 44, pl. II, f. 5 (f).
A. l. Levi, 1968a: 336, f. 25-38 (mf).
A. l. Loksa, 1972: 110, f. 100A, 101C-D (mf).
A. l. Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 8-10 (mf).
A. arcuata Tikader, 1982a: 115, f. 215-218 (f).
A. l. Levi, 1983: 284, f. 87-97 (mf, S).
A. l. Hu, 1984: 104, f. 100.1-3 (f).
A. l. Hu & Wu, 1989: 98, f. 74.1-3, 75.1-3 (mf).
A. l. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 80, f. 178 (mf).
A. l. Bjørn, 1997: 221, f. 54-61 (mf).
A. l. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 13 (m).
A. l. Levy, 1998a: 350, f. 151-164 (mf).
A. l. Yin et al., 1997: 84, f. 16a-f (mf).
f lobata retracta Franganillo, 1918....................Spain
A. l. r. Franganillo, 1918b: 122 (Df).
mf luzona (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Philippines
Epeira l. Walckenaer, 1842: 109 (Df).
A. l. Simon, 1877b: 74.
A. l. Levi, 1983: 304, f. 227-232 (f, Dm).
A. l. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 573, f. 355a-g (f).
f macrochoera Thorell, 1891....................Nicobar Is., China
A. m. Thorell, 1891: 50 (Df).
A. m. Levi, 1983: 272, f. 19-23 (f).
A. m. Yin et al., 1989: 63, f. 3A-C (f).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 68, f. 2a-f (f).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151Q-S, 153L (f).
mf madang Levi, 1984....................New Guinea
A. m. Levi, 1984: 249, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
mf magnifica L. Koch, 1871....................Queensland to Solomon Is.
A. m. L. Koch, 1871: 27, pl. 2, f. 6 (Df).
A. m. Levi, 1983: 280, f. 73-80 (mf, removed from S of A. aemula).
f maja Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Japan
A. m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 201, f. 1 (Df).
A. m. Levi, 1983: 262 ("probably Nephila clavata L. Koch").
mf mangal Koh, 1991....................Singapore
A. m. Koh, 1991: 171, f. 1-8 (Dmf).
f manila Levi, 1983....................Philippines
A. m. Levi, 1983: 272, f. 24-28 (Df).
f mascordi Levi, 1983....................Queensland
A. m. Levi, 1983: 296, f. 188-192 (Df, possible m-f. 193).
mf minuta Karsch, 1879....................Bangladesh, East Asia
A. m. Karsch, 1879g: 67 (Dj).
A. m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 194, pl. 1, f. 16, pl. 11, f. 218, 222 (Dmf).
A. m. Saito, 1933b: 51, pl. 3, f. 36.
Coganargiope m. Nakatsudi, 1942a: 305, f. 5-7 (f).
A. shillongensis Sinha, 1952: 75, f. 1a-c (Df).
A. m. Saito, 1959: 100, text-f. 7.3, f. 116a-c (f).
A. m. Hikichi, 1977: 154, f. 40 (f).
A. m. Yin, 1978: 4, f. 8A-C (f).
A. m. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 43, f. 24.1-2 (mf).
A. m. Song, 1980: 99, f.45a-c (f).
A. m. Wang, 1981: 100, f. 41A-C (f).
A. shillongensis Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 36, f. 59-61 (f).
A. shillongensis Tikader, 1982a: 117, f. 219-222 (f).
A. m. Levi, 1983: 298, f. 205-210 (mf, S).
A. m. Hu, 1984: 105, f. 101 (f).
A. m. Guo, 1985: 61, f. 2-15.1-3 (f).
A. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 113, f. 59.3 (mf).
A. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 79, f. 50 (mf).
A. m. Feng, 1990: 67, f. 42.1-4 (mf).
A. m. Chen & Gao, 1990: 51, f. 58a-c (mf).
A. m. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 84, f. 74.1-3 (mf).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 871, f. 36A-C (mf).
A. m. Okuma et al., 1993: 19, f. 14 (f).
A. m. Yin et al., 1997: 77, f. 10a-f (mf).
A. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 261, f. 151T-U, 153A (mf).
f modesta Thorell, 1881....................Borneo to Australia
A. m. Thorell, 1881: 75 (Df).
A. crenulata pictula Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
A. m. Schenkel, 1944: 182, f. 6a-c (f).
A. m. Levi, 1983: 308, f. 263-270 (f, S).
f niasensis Strand, 1907....................Indonesia
A. n. Strand, 1907k: 162, f. 1-3 (Df).
A. n. Levi, 1983: 294, f. 178-182 (f).
mf ocula Fox, 1938....................China, Taiwan, Japan
A. o. Fox, 1938b: 364, f. 6 (Df).
A. ohsumiensis Yaginuma, 1967a: 50, 59, f. 1.1-9 (Dmf).
A. ohsumiensis Yaginuma, 1971: 128, f. 107.12-17 (mf).
A. o. Levi, 1983: 272, f. 14-18 (f, Sm).
A. o. Yaginuma, 1986a: 115, f. 59.7 (mf).
A. o. Feng, 1990: 68, f. 43.1-3 (f).
A. o. Chen & Gao, 1990: 51, f. 59 (f).
A. o. Yin et al., 1997: 67, f. 1a-e (f).
A. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 151W-X (f).
mf ocyaloides L. Koch, 1871....................Queensland
A. o. L. Koch, 1871: 30, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df).
A. o. Levi, 1983: 288, f. 124-129 (f, Dm).
f pentagona L. Koch, 1871....................Fiji
A. p. L. Koch, 1871: 39, pl. 3, f. 6 (Df).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 313, f. 292-296 (f).
f perforata Schenkel, 1963....................China
A. p. Schenkel, 1963: 135, f. 79a-b (Df).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 293, f. 162-166 (f).
A. p. Wang, 1988: 101, f. 1-3 (Dm).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 78, f. 11a-i (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 151V, Y-Z, 153B, M (mf).
mf picta L. Koch, 1871....................Moluccas to Australia
A. p. L. Koch, 1871: 33, pl. 3, f. 3 (Df).
A. gorgonea L. Koch, 1871: 35 (Df).
A. principalis L. Koch, 1872a: 207, pl. 18, f. 5 (Df).
A. lugubris L. Koch, 1872a: 209, pl. 18, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
A. p. principalis Thorell, 1881: 65.
A. p. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 391, pl. 17, f. 2 (f).
Gea dubiosa Strand, 1911d: 146, pl. 4, f. 11 (Df).
Chaetargiope p. Kishida, 1936a: 21 (Tf from Argiope).
A. p. Roewer, 1938: 31, f. 20 (f).
A. principalis Roewer, 1938: 32, f. 21 (f).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1958a: 237, f. 1-6, 19, 21, 23 (f, Dm, S).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 14 (S A. squallica, rejected).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 317, f. 7-8, 310-316 (mf, S).
f ponape Levi, 1983....................Caroline Is.
A. p. Levi, 1983: 320, f. 329-333 (Df).
f possoica Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
A. celebesiana p. Merian, 1911: 205 (Df).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 293, f. 157-161 (f, elevated from subspecies).
mf probata Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
A. p. Rainbow, 1916a: 91, pl. 21, f. 13 (Dmf).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 286, f. 107-111 (mf).
mf protensa L. Koch, 1872....................New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
A. p. L. Koch, 1872a: 211, pl. 18, F. 8 (Df).
A. syrmatica L. Koch, 1872a: 213, pl. 18, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira attenuata Urquhart, 1885: 33, pl. 9, f. 1 (Df).
Arachnura longicauda Urquhart, 1885: 34, pl. 9, f. 2, 10 (Df).
A. multifasciata Thorell, 1892a: 226 (Dj).
A. pallida Rainbow, 1897b: 521, pl. 17, f. 6 (Df).
A. gracilis Rainbow, 1897b: 522, pl. 17, f. 7 (Df; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1866 sub Argyopes).
A. haynesi Hogg, 1914b: 73, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
A. gracillima Roewer, 1955c: 742 (replacement name for A. gracilis).
A. p. Main, 1964: 102, f. F-H (f).
A. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 15, f. 17-19 (f).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 284, f. 98-106 (f, Dm, S).
mf pulchella Thorell, 1881....................India to China and Java
A. p. Thorell, 1881: 74 (Df).
A. undulata Thorell, 1887: 154 (Df).
A. p. Thorell, 1887: 158 (Dm).
A. undulata Thorell, 1895: 161 (Dm).
A. p. Gravely, 1921a: 412, f. 3b (f).
A. p. Dyal, 1935: 190, pl. 11, f. 8 (f).
A. p. Tikader, 1970: 27, f. 17a (f).
A. p. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 37, f. 62-64 (f).
A. p. Tikader, 1982a: 129, f. 243-246 (f).
A. p. Levi, 1983: 304, f. 238-250 (mf, S).
A. p. Yin et al., 1989: 64, f. 4A-F (mf).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 85, f. 17a-i (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 152A-C, 153C, N (mf).
mf pulchelloides Yin et al., 1989....................China
A. p. Yin et al., 1989: 64, f. 5A-G (Dmf).
A. p. Chen & Gao, 1990: 52, f. 60a-g (mf).
A. p. Yin et al., 1997: 86, f. 18a-i (mf).
A. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 152D-F, 153D, O (mf).
mf radon Levi, 1983....................Northern Australia
A. r. Levi, 1983: 318, f. 317-323 (Dmf).
mf ranomafanensis Bjørn, 1997....................Madagascar
A. r. Bjørn, 1997: 235, f. 93-98 (Dmf).
mf reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859)....................Malaysia to New Guinea
Epeira trifasciata Doleschall, 1857: 416, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df, preoccupied).
Epeira reinwardtii Doleschall, 1859: 31, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
A. doleschallii Thorell, 1873: 520 (replacement name).
A. concinna Thorell, 1881: 71 (Df).
A. fasciata Keyserling, 1886a: 133 (Df).
A. r. Simon, 1895a: 765, f. 841-842.
A. r. Workman, 1896: 29, pl. 29 (f).
A. doleschallii bivittigera Strand, 1911d: 141 (Df).
A. barbipoda Strand, 1911d: 144, pl. 5, f. 44 (Dj).
A. celebesiana Merian, 1911: 203, pl. 9, f. 1-3 (Df).
A. aetherea confusa Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 475 (D).
A. aetherea coniuncta Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 475 (D).
A. r. Roewer, 1938: 35, f. 24 (f).
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1971: 15, f. 20-22 (f).
A. r. Chrysanthus, 1972: 156, f. 1-4 (Dm).
A. r. Levi, 1983: 276, f. 47-55 (mf, S).
f reinwardti sumatrana (Hasselt, 1882)....................Sumatra
A. doleschallii s. Hasselt, 1882: 18 (Df).
m sapoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
A. s. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 577, f. 358a-e (Dm).
mf savignyi Levi, 1968....................Costa Rica to Bolivia
A. s. Levi, 1968a: 350, f. 154-169 (Dmf).
mf sector (Forskål, 1775)....................North Africa, Middle East, Cape Verde Is.
Aranea s. Forskål, 1776: 7, pl. 25, f. C (Df).
Plectana s. Walckenaer, 1842: 200.
Argyopes clarkii Blackwall, 1865a: 98 (Df).
Argyopes sericea caboverdiana Brito Capello, 1866: 80 (Df).
A. lordii O. P.-Cambridge, 1870e: 820, pl. 50, f. 1 (Df).
A. fissiloba L. Koch, 1875b: 15, pl. 2, f. 1 (Df).
A. clarki Simon, 1890a: 101.
A. lordii Simon, 1894a: 760, f. 836-837.
A. clarki Pocock, 1903g: 188, pl. 14, f. 3 (f, Dm).
A. obscuripes Strand, 1906b: 618 (Df).
A. s. Simon, 1909c: 39.
A. clarki Denis, 1947a: 43, pl. II, f. 4 (f).
A. s. Bjørn, 1997: 224, f. 2, 14a-c, 62-67 (mf, S).
A. clarki Levy, 1998a: 354, f. 165-168 (mf).
f takum Chrysanthus, 1971....................New Guinea
A. t. Chrysanthus, 1971: 17, f. 23-25 (Df).
A. t. Levi, 1983: 296, f. 183-187 (f).
f tapinolobata Bjørn, 1997....................Senegal
A. t. Bjørn, 1997: 231, f. 80-85 (Df).
f taprobanica Thorell, 1887....................Sri Lanka
A. t. Thorell, 1887: 164 (Df).
A. t. Levi, 1983: 302, f. 222-226 (f).
f thai Levi, 1983....................Thailand
A. t. Levi, 1983: 292, f. 152-156 (Df).
mf trifasciata (Forskål, 1775)....................Cosmopolitan
Aranea t. Forskål, 1775: 86 (D).
Aranea t. Forskål, 1776: 7, pl. 24, f. E (Df).
Aranea fastuosa Olivier, 1789: 202 (D).
A. aurelia Audouin, 1826: 331, pl. 2, f. 5 (Dmf).
Epeira webbii Lucas, 1838: 38, pl. 6, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira nephoda Walckenaer, 1842: 74 (Df).
Epeira aurelia Walckenaer, 1842: 107.
Epeira latreillana Walckenaer, 1842: 108 (Df).
Epeira mauricia Walckenaer, 1842: 108 (Df).
Epeira fastuosa Walckenaer, 1842: 109 (Dm).
Epeira argyraspides Walckenaer, 1842: 110 (Df).
Epeira fasciata Hentz, 1847: 468, pl. 30, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira flavipes Nicolet, 1849: 493 (Df).
A. avara Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
Epeira latreilla Vinson, 1863: 194, 311 (D).
Epeira mauritia Vinson, 1863: 194, 311, pl. 8, f. 2 (f).
Nephila aurelia Blackwall, 1867b: 210.
A. plana L. Koch, 1867b: 181 (Df).
A. plana L. Koch, 1871: 31, pl. 3, f. 1 (f).
A. t. Thorell, 1873: 519.
A. sticticalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1876b: 576 (Df).
Argyopes indecissa Holmberg, 1876: 19 (Df).
A. hentzi Thorell, 1878b: 295.
A. fasciata McCook, 1882: 256.
A. mauricia Hasselt, 1882: 18.
A. transversa Emerton, 1884: 330, pl. 34, f. 20, pl. 28, f. 15-18 (Dmf).
A. t. Keyserling, 1886a: 133, pl. 10, f. 5 (m).
A. argyraspis McCook, 1894: 219, pl. 15, f. 7-12, pl. 16, f. 3, 4 (Dmf).
A. avara McCook, 1894: 222, pl. 14, f. 1 (f).
A. avara Simon, 1900a: 476 (Dm).
A. transversa Emerton, 1902: 197, f. 455-458 (mf).
Metargiope t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 451, pl. 43, f. 2-3 (mf).
A. fastuosa Banks, 1909b: 161.
Metargiope t. Tullgren, 1910: 156, pl. 4, f. 93 (f).
A. t. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 239, f. 87-89 (mf).
A. simplex Badcock, 1932: 17, f. 12 (Df).
Metargyope t. Lawrence, 1936: 152.
Austrargiope plana Kishida, 1936a: 17 (Tmf from Argiope).
A. abalosi Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 399 (Df).
A. seminola Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 96, f. 98-102 (Dmf).
A. stenogastra Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 235 (Df).
A. t. Kaston, 1948: 222, f. 697-699, 722-723 (mf).
Brachygea platycephala Caporiacco, 1947a: 24 (Dm).
Brachygea platycephala Caporiacco, 1948a: 653, f. 61 (m).
A. pradhani Sinha, 1952: 76, f. 2a-c (Df).
A. t. Bücherl, 1959: 297, f. 22 (f).
A. t. Main, 1964: 102, f. A-C (f).
A. t. Shear, 1967: 9, f. 22-23 (m).
A. t. Hickman, 1967: 59, f. 103 (f).
A. t. Levi, 1968a: 340, f. 58-72, 74-91 (mf, S).
A. avara Chrysanthus, 1971: 12, f. 9-12 (f).
A. t. Chrysanthus, 1972: 156 (S).
A. pradhani Tikader, 1982a: 123, f. 231-234 (f).
A. t. Levi, 1983: 286, f. 11, 112-119 (mf, S).
A. t. Roberts, 1983: 250, f. 124-132 (mf).
A. t. Feng, 1990: 69, f. 44.1-4 (f).
A. t. Breene et al., 1993: 101, f. 148A-C (mf).
A. t. Bjørn, 1997: 226, f. 5, 68-73 (mf).
A. t. Levy, 1998a: 355, f. 169-178 (mf).
A. t. Yin et al., 1997: 76, f. 8a-c (f).
A. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 152G-H, 154A (f).
?? trifasciata deserticola Simon, 1906....................Sudan
A. t. d. Simon, 1906a: 1162 (D; N.B.: omitted by Roewer)
f trifasciata kauaiensis Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
A. avara k. Simon, 1900a: 477 (Df).
f truk Levi, 1983....................Caroline Is.
A. t. Levi, 1983: 320, f. 324-328 (Df).
mf versicolor (Doleschall, 1859)....................China to Java
Epeira v. Doleschall, 1859: 31, pl. 9, f. 10 (Df).
A. succincta L. Koch, 1871: 35 (Df).
A. v. Thorell, 1890a: 95 (Dm).
A. v. Workman, 1896: 28, pl. 28 (f).
A. succincta Pocock, 1897c: 598, pl. 25, f. 7 (f).
A. v. Levi, 1983: 305, f. 3-4, 251-262 (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1989: 65, f. 6A-F (mf).
A. v. Chen & Gao, 1990: 53, f. 61a-e (mf).
A. v. Yin et al., 1997: 88, f. 19a-i (mf).
A. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 152I-K, 153E, 154B (mf).
In synonymy:
A. clavatus Keyserling, 1884 = A. walckenaeri Simon, 1879 (Heimer, 1984a: 175).
A. perlatus Simon, 1889 = A. brevipalpus Karsch, 1878 (Heimer, 1984a: 160).
m alatus Keyserling, 1890....................Queensland, New South Wales
A. a. Keyserling, 1890: 257, pl. 23, f. 8 (Dm).
A. a. Heimer, 1984a: 159, f. 1-2 (m).
mf brevipalpus Karsch, 1878....................New Caledonia
A. b. Karsch, 1878c: 802 (Dm).
A. perlatus Simon, 1889c: 240 (Dj).
A. perlatus Simon, 1895a: 898, f. 966 (Df).
A. perlatus Berland, 1924a: 223, f. 131-134 (f, Dm).
A. b. Heimer, 1984a: 160, f. 3 (m, S).
mf bulburinensis Heimer, 1984....................Queensland, New South Wales
A. b. Heimer, 1984a: 162, f. 4-6 (Dmf).
f cicatricosus (Rainbow, 1920)....................Lord Howe Is.
Archemorus c. Rainbow, 1920b: 250, pl. 29, f. 58 (Df).
mf cornutus L. Koch, 1872....................New Guinea, Queensland
A. c. L. Koch, 1872a: 218, pl. 19, f. 2 (Df).
A. c. Keyserling, 1890: 256, pl. 23, f. 7 (Dm).
A. c. Heimer, 1984a: 164, f. 7-9 (mf).
A. c. Davies, 1988b: 282, f. 9 (mf).
j coronatus (Balogh, 1978)....................New Guinea
Archemorus c. Balogh, 1978: 19, f. 14-15, 32, 54 (Dj).
f curtulus (Simon, 1903)....................Eastern Australia
Archemorus c. Simon, 1903d: 27 (Df).
f dilatatus (Balogh, 1978)....................Queensland
Archemorus d. Balogh, 1978: 13, f. 5-6, 26, 46, 60 (Df).
f furcatus (Balogh, 1978)....................Queensland
Archemorus f. Balogh, 1978: 11, f. 1-2, 23, 38, 62 (Df).
mf gracilis Heimer, 1984....................Queensland
A. g. Heimer, 1984a: 166, f. 10-11 (Dmf).
f grandis (Balogh, 1978)....................New Caledonia
Archemorus g. Balogh, 1978: 22, f. 16, 34, 36, 56 (Df).
mf hickmani Heimer, 1984....................Tasmania
A. h. Heimer, 1984a: 167, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
f kaszabi (Balogh, 1978)....................New Guinea
Archemorus k. Balogh, 1978: 19, f. 11-12, 29, 55, 59 (Df).
mf lancearius Walckenaer, 1837 *....................New Guinea to New South Wales
A. l. Walckenaer, 1837: 497 (Df).
A. l. L. Koch, 1872a: 216, pl. 19, f. 1 (f).
A. l. Karsch, 1878c: 785 (Dm).
A. l. Keyserling, 1890: 258, pl. 23, f. 9 (m).
A. l. Heimer, 1984a: 170, f. 14-16 (mf).
f latissimus (Balogh, 1982)....................Queensland
Archemorus l. Balogh, 1982: 21, f. 13-16 (Df).
f montanus (Balogh, 1978)....................New Guinea
Archemorus m. Balogh, 1978: 23, f. 17-18, 48, 57 (Df).
f multituberculatus (Balogh, 1982)....................Queensland
Archemorus m. Balogh, 1982: 20, f. 9-12 (Df).
m nimdol Chrysanthus, 1971....................New Guinea
A. n. Chrysanthus, 1971: 40, f. 79-81 (Dm).
A. n. Heimer, 1984a: 170, f. 17 (m).
mf nitidiceps Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
A. n. Simon, 1908d: 429 (Dj).
A. n. Main, 1982d: 425, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
mf occidentalis (Reimoser, 1936)....................Buru Is.
Archemorus o. Reimoser, 1936: 409, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
Archemorus o. Balogh, 1978: 14, f. 28, 51, 63 (f).
A. o. Heimer, 1984a: 171, f. 18 (f).
f roosdorpi (Chrysanthus, 1971)....................New Guinea
Archemorus r. Chrysanthus, 1971: 38, f. 74-77 (Df).
Archemorus r. Balogh, 1978: 15, f. 8, 27, 50, 64 (f).
A. r. Heimer, 1984a: 171, f. 19 (f).
f semicirculatus (Balogh, 1982)....................Queensland
Archemorus s. Balogh, 1982: 17, f. 1-4 (Df).
f sibil (Chrysanthus, 1971)....................New Guinea
Archemorus s. Chrysanthus, 1971: 37, f. 71-73 (Df).
Archemorus s. Balogh, 1978: 17, f. 7, 43-45, 65 (f).
A. s. Heimer, 1984a: 172, f. 20 (f).
mf simsoni (Simon, 1893)....................Tasmania
Archemorus s. Simon, 1893d: 328 (Df).
Archemorus s. Simon, 1895a: 901, f. 967 (f).
A. s. Heimer, 1984a: 172, f. 21-22 (mf).
f soosi (Balogh, 1982)....................New Guinea
Archemorus s. Balogh, 1982: 18, f. 5-8 (Df).
f toxopeusi (Reimoser, 1936)....................Buru Is.
Archemorus t. Reimoser, 1936: 410, f. 4 (Df).
m transversus (Balogh, 1978)....................New South Wales
Archemorus t. Balogh, 1978: 12, f. 3, 24, 39 (Dm).
f tuberculatus (Balogh, 1978)....................Queensland
Archemorus t. Balogh, 1978: 17, f. 9-10, 30, 40-42, 66 (Df).
mf varians (Balogh, 1978)....................New Caledonia
Archemorus v. Balogh, 1978: 24, f. 19, 21-22, 35, 49, 58 (Df).
A. v. Heimer, 1984a: 175, f. 26 (m).
f vicarius (Balogh, 1978)....................New Caledonia
Archemorus v. Balogh, 1978: 14, f. 4, 25, 47, 61 (Df).
mf walckenaeri Simon, 1879....................Australia, Tasmania
A. w. Simon, 1879b: 57 (Df).
A. clavatus Keyserling, 1890: 259, pl. 24, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
A. clavatus Butler, 1933: 280, pl. 17, f. 4.
A. clavatus Heimer, 1982: 44, f. 12 (m).
A. w. Heimer, 1984a: 175, f. 23-25 (mf, S).
f bituberculata (Thorell, 1895) *....................Myanmar
Anania b. Thorell, 1895: 148 (Df).
A. b. Simon, 1895a: 922.
A. b. Levi & Levi, 1962: 65, f. 324 (f).
A. b. Levi, 1964a: 211, f. 7-11 (f).
f gallana (Pavesi, 1895)....................Ethiopia
Anania g. Pavesi, 1895a: 500 (Df).
A. g. Simon, 1895a: 922.
f branicki (Taczanowski, 1879) *....................Peru
Inca branickii Taczanowski, 1879: 105, pl. 1, f. 24 (Df).
A. b. Simon, 1895a: 870.
f smaragdus Mello-Leitão, 1948....................Guyana
A. s. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 159 (Df).
mf glyphica (Guérin, 1839) *....................Madagascar
Gasteracantha g. Guérin, 1839: 110 (Df).
Augusta papilionacea O. P.-Cambridge, 1877c: 37, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df).
A. g. Emerit, 1974: 33, f. 3A-B, 4A-F, 5A-C, 6B (Tf from Gasteracantha, Dm).
A. g. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 372, f. 4 (m).
mf minax (Thorell, 1859) *....................Australia, Tasmania
Gasteracantha m. Thorell, 1859: 303 (Df).
Gasteracantha flavomaculata Keyserling, 1865: 801, pl. 19, f. 8-9 (Df).
Actinacantha maculata Karsch, 1878c: 800 (D).
Isacantha m. Keyserling, 1886a: 94, pl. 7, f. 4 (Dm).
Gasteracantha m. Dahl, 1914: 251, f. 5 (f).
Gasteracantha m. Butler, 1933: 279, pl. 17, f. 9.
Gasteracantha m. Mascord, 1966: 44, f. 1-5 (mf).
Gasteracantha m. Dondale, 1966: 1174, f. 4F-I (mf).
Gasteracantha m. Hickman, 1967: 68, f. 122-123 (mf).
Gasteracantha m. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 31 (mf).
f minax astrigera (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia
Gasteracantha a. L. Koch, 1871: 14, pl. 1, f. 9 (Df).
Gasteracantha a. Dahl, 1914: 251.
Gasteracantha m. a. Hogg, 1914b: 79 (reduced to subspecies).
f minax hermitis (Hogg, 1914)....................Montebello Is.
Gasteracantha m. h. Hogg, 1914b: 80, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
?? minax leonhardii (Strand, 1913)....................Australia
Gasteracantha m. l. Strand, 1913c: 609 (D).
f minax lugubris (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia
Gasteracantha lugubris L. Koch, 1871: 12, pl. 1, f. 8 (Df).
Gasteracantha m. l. Hogg, 1914b: 79 (reduced to supspecies).
Transferred to other genera:
B. errans (Roewer, 1942) -- see Metazygia.
B. erratica (Keyserling, 1883) -- see Metazygia.
B. farri Archer, 1958 -- see Lewisepeira.
In synonymy:
B. flavosellata Simon, 1893 = B. elinguis (Keyserling, 1883) (Levi, 1989: 88).
B. hieroglyphica Petrunkevitch, 1925 = B. striolata Keyserling, 1884 (Levi, 1989: 84).
B. strandi (Caporiacco, 1947) = B. striolata Keyserling, 1884 (Levi, 1989: 84).
f abbreviata (Keyserling, 1879)....................Colombia
Singa a. Keyserling, 1879: 301, pl. 4, f. 5 (Df).
Singa a. Keyserling, 1893: 287, pl. 15, f. 212 (f).
Araneus abbreviatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 276.
Singa a. Levi, 1972a: 230 (considered as Theridiosomatidae incertae sedis).
B. a. Levi, 1989: 91, f. 31-34 (Tf from Singa).
f arena Levi, 1989....................Costa Rica
B. a. Levi, 1989: 93, f. 44-46 (Df).
f benuta Levi, 1994....................Colombia
B. b. Levi, 1994: 230, f. 1-6 (Df).
f elinguis (Keyserling, 1883)....................Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1883a: 198, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1892: 151, pl. 8, f. 111 (f).
B. flavosellata Simon, 1893d: 326 (Df).
Araneus e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
B. e. Levi, 1989: 88, f. 25-30 (Tf from Araneus, S).
mf laselva Levi, 1989....................Costa Rica
B. l. Levi, 1989: 91, f. 35-40 (Dmf).
f nancho Levi, 1989....................Peru
B. n. Levi, 1989: 92, f. 41-43 (Df).
mf planada Levi, 1989....................Colombia, Ecuador
B. p. Levi, 1989: 94, f. 47-50 (Dmf).
f poa Levi, 1994....................Ecuador
B. p. Levi, 1994: 232, f. 7-11 (Df).
mf rufostriata Simon, 1893....................Venezuela, Brazil
B. r. Simon, 1893d: 325 (Df).
B. r. Levi, 1989: 87, f. 19-24 (f, Dm).
mf striolata Keyserling, 1884 *....................Costa Rica to Argentina
B. s. Keyserling, 1884b: 654, pl. 21, f. 6 (Df).
B. s. Keyserling, 1893: 310, pl. 16, f. 229 (f).
B. hieroglyphica Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 113, f. 22-28 (Dm).
Diotherisoma strandi Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Df).
Diotherisoma strandi Caporiacco, 1948a: 664, f. 74 (f).
B. hieroglyphica Chickering, 1963d: 129, f. 1-4 (m, Df).
B. s. Levi, 1989: 84, f. 11-18 (f, Sm).
m urahua Levi, 1994....................Ecuador
B. u. Levi, 1994: 232, f. 12-14 (Dm).
mf vella Levi, 1989....................Panama, Colombia
B. v. Levi, 1989: 96, f. 51-55 (Dmf).
Transferred to other genera:
C. basilissa (Thorell, 1899) -- see Megaraneus.
C. bhabanii Tikader, 1970 -- see Poltys.
In synonymy:
C. albescens Pocock, 1899 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 746, sub C. vinsoni).
C. albescens flavicomis Simon, 1903 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 747, sub C. vinsoni).
C. albiceps O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 746, sub C. vinsoni).
C. albopubescens Strand, 1906 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. amanica Strand, 1907 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 747, 762, sub C. vinsoni).
C. avernalis Butler, 1878 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. bankana Strand, 1915 = C. extrusa Butler, 1882 (Grasshoff, 1984: 752).
C. bimaculata Strand, 1907 = C. corticosa Pocock, 1902 (Grasshoff, 1984: 751).
C. columnifer Pocock, 1902 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 747, sub C. vinsoni).
C. darlingi Pocock, 1902 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 747, sub C. vinsoni).
C. excellens Butler, 1882 = C. cowani Butler, 1882 (Grasshoff, 1984: 755).
C. femoralis Thorell, 1899 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. hnatiukae Roberts, 1983 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 737).
C. insularis Strand, 1913 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. keyserlingi Thorell, 1868 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. mimica Strand, 1906 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. mitralis humilis Thorell, 1868 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. mitralis turrigera Thorell, 1868 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. petersi Karsch, 1878 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. retorta Butler, 1882 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. rugosa Karsch, 1878 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. schubotzi Strand, 1913 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. simata Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 746, sub C. vinsoni).
C. stygiana Butler, 1879 = C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1984: 743).
C. subsimata Strand, 1906 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 747, sub C. vinsoni).
C. tuberculosa (Vinson, 1863) = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
C. turriger Pocock, 1899 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1984: 746, sub C. vinsoni).
C. vinsoni Thorell, 1868 = C. vicina (Blackwall, 1866) (Levi, 1996b: 93).
C. voeltzkowi Strand, 1916 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 737).
C. wahlbergi Thorell, 1868 = C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) (Grasshoff, 1984: 736).
Nomina dubia:
C. junior Strand, 1913a: 382 (m, Central Africa) -- Grasshoff, 1984: 763.
C. rutenbergi Karsch, 1881h: 191, pl. 12, f. A (j, Madagascar) -- Grasshoff, 1984: 763.
C. subamanica Caporiacco, 1940c: 829, f. 33 (j, Ethiopia) -- Grasshoff, 1984: 763.
f corticosa Pocock, 1902....................South Africa
C. c. Pocock, 1902b: 326, f. C (Df).
C. bimaculata Strand, 1907a: 535 (Df).
C. bimaculata Strand, 1907n: 636 (Df).
C. c. Grasshoff, 1984: 751, f. 26-27 (f, S).
f cowani Butler, 1882....................Madagascar
C. c. Butler, 1882a: 103, pl. 6, f. 4 (Df).
C. excellens Butler, 1882a: 105, pl. 6, f. 5 (Df).
C. c. Grasshoff, 1984: 755, f. 34-36 (f, S).
f ecclesiigera Butler, 1882....................Madagascar
C. e. Butler, 1882a: 102, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Df).
C. e. Grasshoff, 1984: 754, f. 31-33 (f).
f extrusa Butler, 1882....................Madagascar
C. e. Butler, 1882a: 100, pl. 6, f. 3 (Df).
C. bankana Strand, 1915d: 225 (Df).
C. e. Grasshoff, 1984: 752, f. 28-30 (f, S).
f hirsuta (Simon, 1895)....................Madagascar
Trichocharis h. Simon, 1895a: 835 (Df).
C. h. Grasshoff, 1984: 756, f. 4, 39 (f).
f indica Strand, 1915....................Myanmar
C. paradoxa Pocock, 1900a: 231, f. 77 (f, misidentified).
C. i. Strand, 1915d: 226 (Df).
C. i. Grasshoff, 1984: 760, f. 41 (f).
f mayottensis Grasshoff, 1984....................Comoro Is.
C. m. Grasshoff, 1984: 756, f. 37-38 (Df).
mf mitralis (Vinson, 1863) *....................Central Africa, Madagascar
Epeira paradoxa Doleschall, 1859: 37, pl. 9, f. 11, pl. 10, f. 8 (Df; preoccupied by Lucas, 1846).
Epeira m. Vinson, 1863: 230, 314, pl. 9, f. 2-4 (Df).
C. avernalis Butler, 1878b: 799, f. 1-3 (Df).
C. rugosa Karsch, 1878a: 323, pl. 1, f. 8 (Df).
C. petersii Karsch, 1878a: 324, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
C. stygiana Butler, 1879a: 731, pl. 58, f. 4 (Df).
C. paradoxa Butler, 1879a: 732, pl. 57, f. 5 (f).
C. retorta Butler, 1882a: 101, pl. 6, f. 6 (Df).
C. petersi Simon, 1895a: 831, f. 874 (f).
C. avernalis Simon, 1895a: 831, f. 880.
C. m. Simon, 1895a: 834.
C. paradoxa Workman, 1896: 25, pl. 25 (f).
C. m. Simon, 1902b: 215, f. C.
C. albopubescens Strand, 1906b: 688 (Df).
C. m. Grasshoff, 1984: 743, f. 10, 13, 19-21, 45 (mf, S).
mf sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793)....................Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Is., Aldabra
Aranea s. Fabricius 1793: 427 (Df).
Epeira imperialis Walckenaer, 1805: 67.
Gasteracantha s. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 36, f. 271 (f).
Epeira imperialis Walckenaer, 1842: 147, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
Eurysoma s. C. L. Koch, 1850: 9.
Epeira tuberculosa Vinson, 1863: 228, 314, pl. 14, f. 2 (Df).
C. mitralis humilis Thorell, 1868b: 4 (Df).
C. mitralis turrigera Thorell, 1868b: 4 (Df).
C. wahlbergii Thorell, 1868b: 7 (Df).
C. keyserlingii Thorell, 1868b: 7 (Df).
C. rutenbergi Lenz, 1886: 384 (f, misidentified).
C. tuberculosa Lenz, 1886: 384.
C. s. Simon, 1895a: 831, f. 876-879, 881-882 (f, Dm).
C. femoralis Thorell, 1899: 63 (Df).
C. argostictus Pocock, 1899e: 855, pl. 55, f. 5 (Df).
C. mimicus Strand, 1906b: 624 (Df).
C. tuberculosa Strand, 1908f: 470.
C. s. Tullgren, 1910: 167, pl. 4, f. 121 (f).
C. kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910: 168, pl. 4, f. 122 (Dmf).
C. schubotzi Strand, 1913a: 383 (Df).
C. insularis Strand, 1913a: 384 (Df).
C. tuberculosa Strand, 1916b: 62.
C. voeltzkowi Strand, 1916d: 119 (Df).
C. hnatiukae Roberts, 1983: 280, f. 215-221 (Dm).
C. s. Grasshoff, 1984: 736, f. 8-9, 11, 14-18, 46-47 (mf, S).
f sumatrana Strand, 1915....................India to China, Borneo
C. paradoxa Simon, 1895a: 831, f. 875 (misidentified).
C. s. Strand, 1915d: 225 (Df).
C. paradoxa Tikader, 1982a: 132, f. 247-250 (f).
C. s. Grasshoff, 1984: 758, f. 5, 40, 48 (f).
C. paradoxa Yin et al., 1997: 212, f. 130a-c (f).
C. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154C-E (f).
mf vicina (Blackwall, 1866)....................Central, Southern Africa
Eurysoma v. Blackwall, 1866: 465 (Df).
C. vinsonii Thorell, 1868b: 8 (Df).
C. albiceps O. P.-Cambridge, 1890b: 628, pl. 53, f. 8 (Df).
C. simata Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 46, pl. 2, f. 27 (Df).
C. nodulosa Pocock, 1898g: 514, pl. 41, f. 7 (Dmf).
C. turriger Pocock, 1899e: 837, pl. 57, f. 15 (Df; preoccupied by C. mitralis turrigera Thorell, 1868).
C. albescens Pocock, 1899e: 856, pl. 57, f. 16 (Df).
C. darlingi Pocock, 1902b: 327, f. D (Df).
C. columnifer Pocock, 1902b: 328 (replacement name for C. turrigera).
C. albescens Simon, 1902b: 215, f. A-B.
C. albescens flavicomis Simon, 1903e: 90 (Df).
C. subsimata Strand, 1906h: 64 (Df).
C. amanica Strand, 1907a: 536 (Df).
C. amanica Strand, 1907n: 638 (Df).
C. simata Strand, 1907n: 641.
C. vinsoni Grasshoff, 1984: 746, f. 1-3, 6-7, 12, 22-25, 43-44 (mf, S).
C. v. Levi, 1996b: 93 (Tf from Paraplectana, Sm).
f eximia Mello-Leitão, 1940 *....................Brazil
C. e. Mello-Leitão, 1940a: 61, f. 7a-b (Df).
In synonymy:
C. eremita Archer, 1965 = C. salobrensis Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1992a: 259).
C. furcula Keyserling, 1886 = C. tuberculata Keyserling, 1886 (Simon, 1896a: 347, omitted by Roewer)
C. gibbosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 = C. salobrensis Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1992a: 259).
C. rotunda O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 = C. salobrensis Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1992a: 259).
C. vianai Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948 = C. camelus Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1992a: 255).
f beelzebub (Hasselt, 1873)....................Victoria
Epeira b. Hasselt, 1873: 240, pl. 12, f. A-C (Df).
C. b. Rainbow, 1911: 197.
f bilobata Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland
C. b. Keyserling, 1886a: 118, pl. 9, f. 4 (Df).
f camelus Simon, 1895....................Paraguay, Argentina
C. c. Simon, 1895g: 157 (Df).
C. vianai Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 16, f. 22-25 (Df).
C. c. Levi, 1992a: 255, f. 1-5 (f, S).
f coronata (Rainbow, 1896)....................New South Wales
Epeira c. Rainbow, 1896b: 629, pl. 49, f. 1 (Df).
C. c. Rainbow, 1911: 197.
f lichensis Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
C. l. Rainbow, 1916a: 115, pl. 22, f. 40-42 (Df).
f montifera L. Koch, 1872 *....................Queensland
C. m. L. Koch, 1872a: 123, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df).
f perpera (Petrunkevitch, 1911)....................Mexico
Epeira perplexa Banks, 1898b: 251, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1842).
Araneus perperus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 309 (replacement name).
C. p. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
C. p. Levi, 1992a: 258, f. 6-10 (f).
f poweri Rainbow, 1916....................New South Wales
C. p. Rainbow, 1916b: 61, f. 4 (Df).
f salobrensis Simon, 1895....................Jamaica, Mexico to Brazil
C. s. Simon, 1895g: 157 (Df).
C. gibbosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 48, pl. 4, f. 10 (Dj).
C. gibbosa Keyserling, 1892: 54, pl. 2, f. 43 (j).
C. rotunda O. P.-Cambridge, 1896a: 224, pl. 27, f. 7 (Df).
C. eremita Archer, 1965b: 131, f. 2-3 (Df).
C. s. Levi, 1992a: 259, f. 11-17 (f, S).
f suberosa Thorell, 1881....................New Guinea
C. s. Thorell, 1881: 48 (Df).
f tricuspidata Chrysanthus, 1961....................New Guinea
C. t. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 205, f. 50-53 (Df).
mf tuberculata Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland, New South Wales
C. t. Keyserling, 1886a: 119, pl. 9, f. 5 (Df).
C. furcula Keyserling, 1886a: 121, pl. 9, f. 6 (Dj).
C. t. Simon, 1896a: 347 (Dm, S).
C. t. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 22 (f).
mf atkinsoni (O. P-Cambridge, 1879)....................Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand
Thlaosoma atkinsonii O. P.-Cambridge, 1879d: 699, pl. 52, f. 7 (Df).
C. a. Dalmas, 1917a: 388.
C. a. Guerin, 1987: 181, f. 1-2 (Dm).
f calotoides Rainbow, 1908....................New South Wales
C. c. Rainbow, 1908: 48, f. 4-5 (Df).
mf distincta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)....................New South Wales, Tasmania
Thlaosoma distinctum O. P.-Cambridge, 1869a: 274, pl. 9, f. 36-38 (Df).
C. d. L. Koch, 1872a: 238.
C. d. Rainbow, 1902c: 488, pl. 18, f. 4 (f).
C. d. Hickman, 1971: 79, f. 6-7 (Dm).
f dubia (O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)....................New South Wales, Victoria
Thlaosoma dubium O. P.-Cambridge, 1869a: 272, pl. 9, f. 25-35 (Df).
C. d. L. Koch, 1872a: 236.
mf excavata (L. Koch, 1867) *....................Australia, Tasmania
Cyrtogaster e. L. Koch, 1867b: 175 (D).
C. kinbergii Thorell, 1868b: 2 (Df).
C. e. L. Koch, 1872a: 234, pl. 20, f. 1 (Df).
C. e. Karsch, 1878c: 784 (Dm).
C. e. Simon, 1895a: 895, f. 959, 963 (f).
C. e. Butler, 1933: 280, pl. 17, f. 7.
C. e. Dunn & Dunn, 1946: 87, f. 1-2 (m).
C. e. Hickman, 1967: 66, f. 118-121 (mf).
C. kingbergi Hickman, 1971: 75, f. 1-5 (m, S, erroneously used younger name).
C. kinbergii Davies, 1988b: 316, f. 35 (f, Dm).
C. e. Levi, 1996a: 194, f. 24-32 (mf).
f hectori (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)....................New Zealand
Thlaosoma h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879d: 700, pl. 52, f. 8 (Df).
C. h. Dalmas, 1917a: 388.
mf olivacea (Urquhart, 1885)....................New Zealand
Thlaosoma o. Urquhart, 1885: 39, pl. 9, f. 4 (Df).
Thlaosoma o. Urquhart, 1887: 95 (Dm).
C. o. Dalmas, 1917a: 388.
f penna (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Thlaosoma pennum Urquhart, 1887: 94, pl. 8, f. 4 (Df).
C. p. Dalmas, 1917a: 388.
C. p. Forster & Gray, 1979: 1066, f. 56.
f tuberosa (Urquhart, 1889)....................New Zealand
Thlaosoma t. Urquhart, 1889a: 149 (Df).
C. t. Dalmas, 1917a: 388.
f tumidosa Urquhart, 1891....................Tasmania
C. t. Urquhart, 1891b: 251 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
f voraginosa Urquhart, 1891....................Tasmania
C. v. Urquhart, 1891b: 249, f. 5 (Df; omitted by Bonnet).
In synonymy:
C. ochracea (Grube, 1861, T from Araneus) = C. prominens (Westring, 1851) (Wesolowska, 1988b: 409).
mf levii Marusik, 1985....................Kazakhstan
C. l. Marusik, 1985a: 117, f. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 (Dmf).
mf prominens (Westring, 1851) *....................Holarctic
Epeira p. Westring, 1851: 35 (Dm).
Epeira bella Meade, 1861: 21 (Dmf).
Singa p. Westring, 1861: 63 (f).
Singa scutifera Westring, 1861: 66 (Df).
Epeira ochracea Grube, 1861: 163 (Df).
Epeira bella Blackwall, 1864a: 343, pl. 25, f. 248 (mf).
Atea spinosa Ohlert, 1865: 9 (Df).
Cercis p. Menge, 1866: 80, pl. 13, f. 21 (mf).
Miranda carinata Giebel, 1869c: 301 (Df).
C. p. Thorell, 1869: 49, 58.
C. p. Thorell, 1870a: 30.
C. p. Becker, 1896: 49, pl. 10, f. 4 (mf).
C. p. Bösenberg, 1901: 53, pl. 4, f. 47 (mf).
Araneus p. Bryant, 1908: 58.
Araneus p. Simon, 1929: 707, 767, f. 1104-1105 (mf).
C. p. Wiehle, 1931: 25, f. 10, 30-32 (mf).
C. p. Drensky, 1943: 226, f. 7 (mf).
C. p. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 159, f. 106A-E (mf).
C. p. Beer, 1964: 529, f. 12-13 (f).
C. p. Zamaraev, 1964: 351, f. 9 (mf).
C. p. Azheganova, 1968: 80, f. 164, 182-183 (mf).
C. p. Miller, 1971: 204, pl. XXXVII, f. 21, pl. XXXVIII, f. 1 (m).
C. p. Loksa, 1972: 105, f. 95A-C (mf).
C. p. Palmgren, 1974a: 7, f. 2a-c (mf).
C. p. Levi, 1975b: 113, f. 47-57 (mf).
C. p. Roth, 1985: B6-6, f. 55-56, 83 (mf).
C. p. Marusik, 1985a: 115, f. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 (mf).
C. p. Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99b (mf).
C. p. Wesolowska, 1988b: 409, f. 18-19 (f, S).
C. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 80, f. 181 (mf).
C. p. Roberts, 1995: 327, f. (mf).
C. p. Roberts, 1998: 339, f. (mf).
mf punctigera Simon, 1889....................India
C. p. Simon, 1889i: 341 (Dmf).
Araneus cribratus Simon, 1895a: 822 (replacement name, needed in Araneus).
In synonymy:
C. aculeata Chickering, 1960 = C. aureola (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 610).
C. affinis (C. L. Koch, 1839) = C. aureola (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 610).
C. conspicua (Mello-Leitão, 1929, T from Micrathena) = C. picta (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 609).
C. dentata Chickering, 1960 = C. aureola (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 610).
C. evansi Chickering, 1960 = C. picta (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 609).
C. hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1932 = C. aureola (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 610).
C. minima Mello-Leitão, 1948 = C. abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948 (Levi, 1985: 608).
C. rugosa Chickering, 1960 = C. picta (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 609).
C. tuberculata Chickering, 1960 = C. abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948 (Levi, 1985: 608).
f abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948....................Colombia to Brazil
C. a. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 162 (Df).
C. minima Mello-Leitão, 1948: 163 (Df).
C. tuberculata Chickering, 1960a: 472, f. 20-24 (Df).
C. a. Levi, 1985: 608, f. 827-832 (f, S).
mf aureola (C. L. Koch, 1836) *....................Surinam to Paraguay
Acrosoma aureolum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 60, f. 213 (Df).
Acrosoma affine C. L. Koch, 1839a: 131, f. 525 (Df).
Plectana affinis Walckenaer, 1842: 182.
Plectana a. Walckenaer, 1842: 189.
C. affinis Simon, 1895a: 863.
Micrathena a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 366.
C. a. Reimoser, 1917: 156.
C. hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 96, f. 7 (Df).
C. aculeata Chickering, 1960a: 466, f. 1-5 (Df).
C. dentata Chickering, 1960a: 468, f. 6-11 (Dm).
C. a. Levi, 1985: 610, f. 844-852, pl. 3 (f, Sm).
f carimagua Levi, 1985....................Colombia, Venezuela
C. c. Levi, 1985: 603, f. 798-802 (Df).
mf cornuta (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Colombia to Brazil
Acrosoma c. Taczanowski, 1873: 268, pl. 5, f. 22 (Df).
C. c. Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 920-921 (f).
C. c. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 379, f. 36 (f).
C. c. Levi, 1985: 604, f. 803-811 (f, Dm).
mf cucharas Levi, 1985....................Peru
C. c. Levi, 1985: 606, f. 812-820 (Dmf).
f incisa (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Brazil
Plectana i. Walckenaer, 1842: 195 (Df).
Acrosoma incisum Butler, 1873b: 427.
Micrathena i. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 372.
C. i. Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 97 (N.B.: omitted by Levi, 1985).
mf necopinata (Chickering, 1960)....................Peru
Micrathena n. Chickering, 1960d: 84, f. 71-73 (Dm).
C. n. Levi, 1985: 612, f. 853-861 (Tm from Micrathena, Df).
f osa Levi, 1985....................Costa Rica
C. o. Levi, 1985: 603, f. 792-797 (Df).
mf picta (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Guyana to Paraguay
Acrosoma pictum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 61, f. 214 (Df).
Plectana p. Walckenaer, 1842: 190.
Micrathena p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 375.
C. p. Reimoser, 1917: 157.
Micrathena conspicuum Mello-Leitão, 1929c: 110, f. 21 (Df).
C. evansi Chickering, 1960a: 469, f. 12-16 (Dm).
C. rugosa Chickering, 1960a: 471, f. 17-19 (Df).
C. p. Levi, 1985: 609, f. 833-843 (f, Sm).
f woytkowskii Levi, 1985....................Peru
C. w. Levi, 1985: 608, f. 821-826 (Df).
In synonymy:
C. nanshanensis (Yin et al., 1990, T from Araneus) = C. bengalensis Tikader, 1975 (Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262).
Nomen nudum:
C. quadrificus Kishida (Yaginuma, in Brignoli, 1983c: 252).
f anjanes Tikader, 1965....................India
C. a. Tikader, 1965b: 94, f. 2a-d (Df).
C. a. Tikader, 1982a: 162, f. 308-311 (f).
mf antongilensis Emerit, 1997....................Madagascar
C. a. Emerit, 1997: 44, f. 1-3 (Dmf).
mf bengalensis Tikader, 1975....................India, China
C. b. Tikader, 1975b: 148, f. 8-11 (Dmf).
C. b. Tikader, 1982a: 160, f. 302-307 (mf).
C. b. Hu & Li, 1987a: 330, f. 11.1-3 (f).
Araneus nanshanensis Yin et al., 1990: 50, f. 124-128 (Df).
C. b. Yin et al., 1997: 214, f. 131a-f (f).
C. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154F-G, 155D (f, S).
mf calciope (Simon, 1895)....................India
Araneus c. Simon, 1895a: 822 (Df).
C. c. Tikader, 1982a: 164, f. 312-315 (Tmf from Araneus).
f congener O. P.-Cambridge, 1885....................India
Chorizoopes c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 53 (Df).
f dicavus Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. d. Yin et al., 1990: 52, f. 129-132 (Df).
C. d. Yin et al., 1997: 215, f. 136a-d (f; N.B.: not f. 132)
C. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154H-I, 155E (f).
mf frontalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 *....................Sri Lanka to Sumatra
Chorizoopes f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1870d: 738, pl. 44, f. 6 (Df).
C. f. Simon, 1895a: 922, f. 988-990.
C. f. Levi, 1964a: 212, f. 12-20 (f, Dm).
f goosus Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. g. Yin et al., 1990: 53, f. 133-136 (Df).
C. g. Yin et al., 1997: 215, f. 133a-d (f).
C. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154J-K, 155F (f).
f khanjanes Tikader, 1965....................India, China
C. k. Tikader, 1965b: 95, f. 3a-c (Df).
C. k. Tikader, 1982a: 159, f. 297-301 (f).
C. k. Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994: 5, f. 1-8 (f).
C. k. Yin et al., 1997: 216, f. 134a-h (f).
C. k. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154L-N, 155G (f).
f khedaensis Reddy & Patel, 1993....................India
C. k. Reddy & Patel, 1993b: 54, f. 6-11 (Df).
mf madagascariensis Emerit, 1997....................Madagascar
C. m. Emerit, 1997: 47, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
f mucronatus Simon, 1895....................Sri Lanka
C. m. Simon, 1895a: 922 (Df).
mf nipponicus Yaginuma, 1963....................China, Japan
C. n. Yaginuma, 1963c: 9, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
C. n. Yaginuma, 1986a: 122, f. 64.7 (mf).
C. n. Chikuni, 1989b: 85, f. 69 (mf).
C. n. Yin et al., 1990: 55, f. 140-141 (f).
C. n. Yin et al., 1997: 217, f. 135a-g (mf).
C. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 262, f. 154O-P, X, 155H (mf).
f orientalis Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
C. frontalis o. Simon, 1909e: 119 (Df).
C. o. Levi, 1964a: 214, f. 21-26 (f, elevated from subspecies).
f pateli Reddy & Patel, 1993....................India
C. p. Reddy & Patel, 1993b: 53, f. 1-5 (Df).
f shimenensis Yin & Peng, 1994....................China
C. s. Yin & Peng, in Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 107, f. 14-17 (Df).
C. s. Yin et al., 1997: 218, f. 132a-d (f; N.B.: not f. 136)
C. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 154Q-R, 155I (f).
f stoliczkae O. P.-Cambridge, 1885....................India
Chorizoopes s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 52 (Df).
f tikaderi Sadana & Kaur, 1974....................India
C. t. Sadana & Kaur, 1974a: 162, f. 1-3 (Df).
f trimamillatus Schenkel, 1963....................China
C. t. Schenkel, 1963: 181, f. 104a-h (Df).
C. t. Yin et al., 1997: 219, f. 137a-g (f).
C. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 154S, 155J-K (f).
mf tumens Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. t. Yin et al., 1990: 56, f. 142-147 (Dmf).
C. t. Yin et al., 1997: 220, f. 138a-f (mf).
C. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 154T-U, 155A-B, L (mf).
f wulingensis Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994....................China
C. khanjanes Yin et al., 1990: 55, f. 137-139 (f, misidentified).
C. w. Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994: 5, f. 9-15 (Df).
C. w. Yin et al., 1997: 221, f. 139a-g (f).
C. w. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 154V-W, 155M (f).
m zepherus Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
C. z. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 34, f. 9A-C (Dm; N.B.: spelled zephenus in species heading, zopherus in figure legend, as above in English abstract).
C. z. Yin et al., 1997: 222, f. 140a-c (m).
C. z. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155C, N (m).
mf akermani Hewitt, 1923....................South Africa
C. a. Hewitt, 1923: 63, f. 4-5 (Df).
C. a. Leroy, Jocqué, & Leroy, 1998: 1, f. 1-7 (f, Dm).
f longipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) *....................Congo
Cyrtarachne l. O. P.-Cambridge, 1877b: 559, pl. 56, f. 1 (Df).
C. l. Simon, 1895a: 883, f. 949-950 (f).
f ornata Hirst, 1907....................Central Africa
C. o. Hirst, 1907b: 36, f. 4 (Df).
f trituberculata Simon, 1903....................Mauritius, Madagascar
C. t. Simon, 1903b: 139 (Df).
In synonymy:
C. discolora (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = C. viriditas (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 77).
C. flavomaculata (Urquhart, 1890, T from Araneus) = C. viriditas (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 77).
C. galbana (Urquhart, 1891, T from Araneus) = C. viriditas (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 77).
C. viriditas hastata (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = C. verutum (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 78).
C. viriditas lineola (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = C. verutum (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 78).
C. viriditas veruina (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = C. verutum (Urquhart, 1887) (Court & Forster, 1988: 78).
mf brunnea Court & Forster, 1988....................New Zealand
C. b. Court & Forster, 1988: 81, f. 350, 430-434 (Dmf).
mf melanoviridis Court & Forster, 1988....................New Zealand
C. m. Court & Forster, 1988: 81, f. 349, 429, 435-436 (Dmf).
mf verutum (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Epeira v. Urquhart, 1887: 87, 89 (Dmf).
Epeira v. veruina Urquhart, 1887: 88 (Df).
Epeira v. hastatum Urquhart, 1887: 89, pl. 8, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira v. lineola Urquhart, 1887: 89 (Dm).
Araneus verutus Bryant, 1935c: 61, pl. 9, f. 10-11 (f).
Aranea viriditas hastata Roewer, 1942a: 835.
Aranea viriditas lineola Roewer, 1942a: 835.
Aranea viriditas veruina Roewer, 1942a: 835.
C. v. Court & Forster, 1988: 78, f. 348, 417-426 (removed mf from S of C. viriditas, S).
mf viriditas (Urquhart, 1887) *....................New Zealand
Epeira v. Urquhart, 1887: 85 (Df).
Epeira discolora Urquhart, 1887: 86 (Dmf).
Epeira flavomaculata Urquhart, 1890c: 239 (Df).
Epeira galbana Urquhart, 1891a: 163 (Df).
Araneus v. Dalmas, 1917a: 387, f. 54 (f).
C. v. Court & Forster, 1988: 77, f. 347, 401-410 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf catawba (Banks, 1911) *....................USA, Mexico
Epeira c. Banks, 1911: 450, pl. 34, f. 4 (Df).
C. c. Archer, 1941b: 13, pl. I, f. 3-4, pl. II, f. 1-3 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
C. c. Archer, 1953: 22, f. 32-34 (mf).
C. c. Levi, 1978a: 422, f. 1-15 (mf).
C. c. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 57 (m).
In synonymy:
C. mundania (Urquhart, 1893, T from Araneus) = C. venustula (Urquhart, 1891) (Sirvid & Vink, 2000: 49, sub C. munda).
C. mundania inversa (Urquhart, 1893, T from Araneus) = C. venustula (Urquhart, 1891) (Sirvid & Vink, 2000: 49, sub C. munda).
C. nigrohastula (Urquhart, 1891, T from Araneus) = C. atrihastula (Urquhart, 1891) (Court & Forster, 1988: 90).
mf albolineata (Urquhart, 1893)....................New Zealand
Epeira albo-lineata Urquhart, 1893a: 178 (Df).
C. a. Court & Forster, 1988: 87, f. 358, 458-469 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf atrihastula (Urquhart, 1891)....................New Zealand
Epeira atri-hastula Urquhart, 1891a: 162, pl. 21, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira nigro-hastula Urquhart, 1891a: 159, pl. 21, f. 13 (Dmf).
C. a. Court & Forster, 1988: 90, f. 357, 483-489 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf invisibilis (Urquhart, 1892) *....................New Zealand
Epeira i. Urquhart, 1892b: 239 (Dmf).
C. i. Court & Forster, 1988: 83, f. 360, 437, 439-445 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf stewartensis Court & Forster, 1988....................New Zealand
C. s. Court & Forster, 1988: 89, f. 355, 478-482 (Dmf).
mf subalpina Court & Forster, 1988....................New Zealand
C. s. Court & Forster, 1988: 89, f. 354, 472-477 (Dmf).
mf subcompta (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Epeira sub-compta Urquhart, 1887: 83, pl. 7, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira peronginia Urquhart, 1894: 215 (Df).
C. s. Court & Forster, 1988: 94, f. 356, 492-497 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf venustula (Urquhart, 1891)....................New Zealand
Epeira v. Urquhart, 1891a: 165, pl. 21, f. 12 (Df, primary junior homonym of E. v. Keyserling, 1880).
Epeira munda Urquhart, 1893a: 177 (Df; preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1836).
Epeira munda inversa Urquhart, 1893a: 178 (Df).
Araneus venustulus Dalmas, 1917a: 386, f. 53 (f).
Aranea mundania Roewer, 1942a: 830 (replacement name).
Aranea mundania inversa Roewer, 1942a: 830.
C. v. Court & Forster, 1988: 85, f. 362, 446-457, 471 (removed f from S of Araneus viriditas, Dm).
C. v. Sirvid & Vink, 2000: 49 (S).
Transferred to other genera:
C. bicauda Saito, 1933 -- see Cyrtophora.
C. bifurca (McCook, 1887) -- see Allocyclosa.
C. bifurcata Paik, 1942 -- see Cyrtophora.
C. furcata O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 -- see Allocyclosa.
C. minuscula Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
C. moraballii (Hingston, 1932) -- see Parawixia.
C. oliverioi Soares & Camargo, 1948 -- see Alpaida.
C. paranensis Mello-Leitão, 1937 -- see Mecynometa under Tetragnathidae.
C. silvestris (Bryant, 1942) -- see Metazygia.
C. spinosa Saito, 1933 -- see Arachnura.
C. tuberculata (Hingston, 1932) -- see Parawixia.
C. v-notata Petrunkevitch, 1925 -- see Argyrodes under Theridiidae.
In synonymy:
C. accentonotata (Caporiacco, 1955) = C. tapetifaciens Hingston, 1932 (Levi, 1999: 338, contra Levi, 1977a: 83).
C. brevis Bryant, 1940 = C. diversa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) (Levi, 1999: 369).
C. clara O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 = C. triquetra Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1999: 352).
C. conica canadensis Blackwall, 1846 = C. conica (Pallas, 1772) (Levi, 1977a: 78).
C. cuadrituberosa Franganillo, 1936 = C. walckenaeri (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1999: 360, after Levi, 1977a: 85).
C. culta O. P.-Cambridge, 1893 = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1977a: 80).
C. elongata Franganillo, 1930 = C. caroli (Hentz, 1850) (Franganillo, 1936c: 83).
C. filiobliqua Hingston, 1932 = C. tapetifaciens Hingston, 1932 (Levi, 1999: 338).
C. filisinuosa Hingston, 1932 = C. fililineata Hingston, 1932 (Levi, 1999: 330).
C. fissicauda Simon, 1889 = C. quinqueguttata (Thorell, 1881) (Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 55).
C. fusiformis (Taczanowski, 1878) = C. bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1999: 365).
C. globulifaciens Hingston, 1932 = C. bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1999: 365).
C. glomosa (Walckenaer, 1842) = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (McCook, 1888a: 79, omitted by Roewer).
C. hybophora (Thorell, 1887) = C. quinqueguttata (Thorell, 1881) (Roberts, 1983: 261).
C. index O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1977a: 80).
C. kiangsica Schenkel, 1963 = C. argenteoalba Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263).
C. lacerta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 = C. caroli (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1977a: 82).
C. longispina (Saito, 1933, T from Argyrodes) = C. mulmeinensis (Thorell, 1887) (Yaginuma, 1963d: 21).
C. moesta (Blackwall, 1865) = C. insulana (Costa, 1834) (Berland, 1936: 87, omitted by Roewer).
C. nanna Ivie & Barrows, 1935 = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1977a: 80).
C. scelesta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894, removed from S of C. diversa) = C. bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1999: 365).
C. sumaqkay Archer, 1971 = C. tapetifaciens Hingston, 1932 (Levi, 1999: 338).
C. trifida F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = C. walckenaeri (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1977a: 84).
C. tuberculifera O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1999: 356, after Levi, 1977a: 80).
C. vanbruyseli (Becker, 1879, T from Singa) = C. turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1972a: 231).
C. velata Chrysanthus, 1961 = C. albopunctata Kulczyn'ski, 1901 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 25).
Nomina dubia:
C. convexisterna Caporiacco, 1947a: 25, 1948a: 656, f. 63 (j, Guyana) -- Levi, 1999: 310 (as juvenile of Mecynometa).
C. tremula Hingston, 1932: 370 (m, Guyana) -- Levi, 1999: 338.
C. tricauda Saito, 1933b: 53, pl. 3, f. 38 (f, Taiwan) -- Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 51 (but see Lee, 1966: 52, f. 17c-d, f, Taiwan).
C. tricolorata Brignoli, 1983c: 266 (replacement name for C. tricolor Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 202, f, Brazil, preoccupied by Leardi, 1902) -- Levi, 1999: 299.
Homonyms replaced:
C. tricolor Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see C. tricolorata.
C. trituberculata Berland, 1913 -- see C. berlandi.
f alayoni Levi, 1999....................Cuba
C. a. Levi, 1999: 374, f. 421-424 (Df).
f alba Tanikawa, 1992....................Japan
C. a. Tanikawa, 1992b: 62, f. 198-201 (Df).
mf albisternis Simon, 1887....................India, Andaman Is., Hawaii
C. a. Simon, 1888a: 285 (Dmf).
C. a. Tanikawa, 1992b: 32, f. 56-60 (mf).
mf albopunctata Kulczyn'ski, 1901....................Africa, New Guinea, New Caledonia
C. a. Kulczyn'ski, 1901a: 27, pl. 2, f. 23-24 (Dm).
Cyclosa velata Chrysanthus, 1961b: 201, f. 28, 30-33 (Dmf).
C. a. Chrysanthus, 1971: 25, f. 123-125 (m, S).
C. vellata Bigot, 1992: 116, f. 1c-e (mf).
mf algerica Simon, 1885....................Mediterranean
C. a. Simon, 1885g: 21 (Df).
C. a. Simon, 1929: 711, 768, f. 1109-1111 (f, Dm).
C. a. Levi, 1977a: 79, f. 34-37 (mf).
mf andinas Levi, 1999....................Colombia, Ecuador
C. a. Levi, 1999: 331, f. 108-116 (Dmf).
mf angusta Tanikawa, 1992....................Japan
C. a. Tanikawa, 1992b: 26, f. 35-38 (Df).
C. a. Tanikawa, 1997a: 29, f. 1-6 (Dm).
f argentata Tanikawa & Ono, 1993....................Taiwan
C. a. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 59, f. 10-12 (Df).
C. a. Yin et al., 1997: 228, f. 141a-c (f).
C. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155O-P, 160C (f).
mf argenteoalba Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 202, pl. 4, f. 38, pl. 15, f. 419 (Df).
C. kiangsica Schenkel, 1963: 139, f. 81 (Df).
C. kiangsica Yin, 1978: 7, f. 18A-D (f).
C. kiangsica Song, 1980: 110, f. 55a-d (f).
C. kingsica Wang, 1981: 101, f. 42A-C (f, lapsus).
C. a. Hu, 1984: 106, f. 102.1 (f).
C. kiangsica Hu, 1984: 107, f. 102.2 (f).
C. kiangsica Guo, 1985: 61, f. 2-16.1-2 (f).
C. a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.2 (mf).
C. a. Song, 1987: 168, f. 128 (mf).
C. a. Chikuni, 1989b: 86, f. 73 (mf).
C. a. Feng, 1990: 70, f. 45.1-3 (mf).
C. argenteoalbe Chen & Gao, 1990: 54, f. 62a-c (mf).
C. a. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 92, f. 83.1-4 (mf).
C. kiangsica Chen & Zhang, 1991: 99, f. 91.1-4 (f).
C. a. Tanikawa, 1992b: 65, f. 211-221 (mf).
C. a. Zhao, 1993: 236, f. 109a-b (mf).
C. a. Yin et al., 1997: 256, f. 167a-i (mf).
C. a. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1711, f. 11a-d (mf).
C. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155Q-R, 158I, 160H (mf, S).
mf atrata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
C. a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 204, pl. 4, f. 28, pl. 15, f. 417 (Df).
C. a. Strand, 1918: 95, pl. 2, f. 17 (f).
C. a. Saito, 1934b: 318, pl. 14, f. 21 (f).
C. a. Matsuyama, 1957: 9, f. 1-15 (mf).
C. a. Saito, 1959: 97, f. 109a-e (f).
C. a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.3 (mf).
C. a. Feng, 1990: 71, f. 46.1-3 (f).
C. otrata Chen & Gao, 1990: 58, f. 69a-b (f).
C. a. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 95, f. 87.1-3 (f).
C. a. Tanikawa, 1992b: 45, f. 109-118 (mf).
C. a. Yin et al., 1997: 228, f. 142a-g (mf).
C. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155S-T (f).
f baakea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. b. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 605, f. 380a-f (Df).
f bacilliformis Simon, 1908....................Western Australia
C. b. Simon, 1908d: 423 (Df).
f baloghi Kolosváry, 1934....................Hungary
C. b. Kolosváry, 1934b: 12, f. 2 (Df).
C. b. Kolosváry, 1938e: 14, f. d-e (f).
f banawensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. b. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 592, f. 369a-h (Df).
mf berlandi Levi, 1999....................USA, Hispaniola to Ecuador
C. trituberculata Berland, 1913b: 91, pl. 9, f. 36-41 (Dmf).
C. b. Levi, 1999: 358, f. 322-332 (replacement name for C. trituberculata Berland, preoccupied in this genus by Lucas, 1846)
mf bianchoria Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. ginnaga Chen & Gao, 1990: 55, f. 63b (mf, misidentified).
C. b. Yin et al., 1990: 59, f. 148-155 (Dmf).
C. b. Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 872, f. 37A-B (f).
C. b. Yin et al., 1997: 229, f. 143a-i (mf).
C. b. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1712, f. 12a-b (m).
C. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155U, 158J, 160I (mf).
mf bifida (Doleschall, 1859)....................India to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira b. Doleschall, 1859: 38, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira macrura Thorell, 1877b: 402 (Df).
C. b. Simon, 1895a: 779, f. 852.
Epeira b. Workman, 1896: 33, pl. 33 (f, Dm).
C. macrura Strand, 1911d: 149.
C. b. Tikader, 1966b: 14, f. 31-34 (f).
C. b. Chrysanthus, 1971: 21, f. 34-36 (f).
C. b. Tikader, 1982a: 185, f. 351-355 (f).
C. b. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 608, f. 381a-g (f).
mf bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Costa Rica, Hispaniola to Argentina
Epeira b. Walckenaer, 1842: 145 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1864: 142, pl. 6, f. 22-23 (f).
Epeira fusiformis Taczanowski, 1878b: 173, pl. 2, f. 22 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1892: 97, pl. 5, f. 72 (f).
Turckheimia scelesta O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 268, pl. 39, f. 10 (Df).
Cyrtophora fusiformis Banks, 1898b: 256.
C. fusiformis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 497.
C. globulifaciens Hingston, 1932: 369 (Df).
C. b. Levi, 1999: 365, f. 26, 368-377 (mf, S).
f bituberculata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998....................Bangladesh
C. b. Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998a: 46, f. 1-6 (Df).
f bulleri (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Epeira b. Thorell, 1881: 119 (Df).
C. b. Simon, 1895a: 780.
f cajamarca Levi, 1999....................Peru
C. c. Levi, 1999: 344, f. 232-235 (Df).
f caligata (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira c. Thorell, 1890a: 176 (Df).
C. c. Roewer, 1942a: 756.
f camargoi Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. c. Levi, 1999: 343, f. 212-217 (Df).
mf camelodes (Thorell, 1878)....................New Guinea
Epeira c. Thorell, 1878b: 78 (Df).
C. c. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 479 (Dm).
C. c. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 201, f. 16-18, 81 (f).
C. c. Chrysanthus, 1971: 22, f. 37-39, 116 (m).
C. c. Tanikawa, 1992b: 51, f. 143-145 (f).
mf caroli (Hentz, 1850)....................USA, West Indies to Bolivia
Epeira c. Hentz, 1850: 24, pl. 3, f. 15 (Df).
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1864: 137, pl. 6, f. 17-19 (f).
C. lacerta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 50 (Dm).
Epeira lacerta Keyserling, 1893: 275, pl. 14, f. 204 (m).
Epeira c. McCook, 1894: 277, pl. 17, f. 7-8 (f, Dm).
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1893: 272, pl. 14, f. 202 (mf).
C. c. Simon, 1897d: 873.
C. lacerta F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 491, pl. 47, f. 3 (m).
C. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 494, pl. 47, f. 4 (f).
C. c. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 316, f. 190-191 (f).
C. elongata Franganillo, 1930: 24 (D; N.B.: omitted by Roewer and Brignoli).
C. c. Franganillo, 1936c: 83 (S).
C. c. Bryant, 1940: 336, f. 114 (f).
C. c. Levi, 1977a: 82, f. 51-63 (mf, S).
C. c. Levi, 1999: 336, f. 162-180 (mf).
f centrifaciens Hingston, 1927....................Myanmar
C. c. Hingston, 1927: 290 (Df).
f centrodes (Thorell, 1887)....................India to Singapore
Epeira porcula Hasselt, 1882: 22, pl. 4, f. 6 (f, misidentified).
Epeira c. Thorell, 1887: 209 (Df).
Epeira c. Workman, 1896: 35, pl. 35 (f).
Araneus c. Simon, 1899a: 91.
C. c. Tikader, 1977a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
m cephalodina Song & Liu, 1996....................China
C. c. Song & Liu, in Song et al., 1996: 105, f. 1A-E (Dm).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 158K-L, 160K (m).
f circumlucens Simon, 1907....................Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé
C. c. Simon, 1907d: 286 (Df).
f concolor Caporiacco, 1933....................Libya
C. c. Caporiacco, 1933: 324, f. 6 (Df).
mf confraga (Thorell, 1892)....................India, Bangladesh to Malaysia
Epeira c. Thorell, 1892a: 239 (Df).
Epeira c. Workman, 1896: 34, pl. 34 (f).
C. c. Simon, 1909e: 104.
C. c. Dyal, 1935: 191, pl. 11, f. 9, pl. 16, f. 117-119 (f, Dm).
C. c. Tikader, 1982a: 193, f. 372-376 (f).
C. c. Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998a: 46, f. 27-33 (f).
mf confusa Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. c. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 209, pl. 15, f. 418 (Dm).
C. insulana Chikuni, 1989b: 84, f. 68 (m, misidentified).
C. c. Tanikawa, 1992b: 34, f. 65-80 (m, Df).
C. c. Kim & Kim, 1996: 45, f. 1-5 (f).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 236, f. 149a-k (mf).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156A-B, 158M-N, 160L (mf).
mf conica (Pallas, 1772) *....................Holarctic
Aranea c. Pallas, 1772: 48, pl. 1, f. 16 (Df).
Aranea triquetra Sulzer, 1776: 254, pl. 30, f. 2 (Df).
Aranea c. De Geer, 1778: 231, pl. 13, f. 16-20 (f).
Aranea c. Olivier, 1789: 203 (D).
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1802: 202.
Epeira c. Dufour, 1824: 207, pl. 10, f. 3 (Dm).
Epeira c. Hahn, 1834: 45, f. 130 (mf).
Singa c. C. L. Koch, 1837b: 6.
Singa c. C. L. Koch, 1844: 145, f. 943-945 (mf).
Epeira canadensis Blackwall, 1846a: 81 (Df).
Epeira c. Blackwall, 1864a: 362, pl. 27, f. 261 (mf).
C. c. Menge, 1866: 74, pl. 12, f. 18 (mf).
Cyrtophora c. Thorell, 1870a: 18.
C. c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1881a: 246, pl. 4, f. 6 (mf).
Cyrtophora c. Hansen, 1882: 22, pl. 1, f. 37 (mf).
C. c. Emerton, 1884: 321, pl. 34, f. 3, pl. 38, f. 11 (mf).
C. c. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 127, pl. 4, f. 42 (mf).
C. c. Keyserling, 1893: 276, pl. 14, f. 205 (mf).
C. c. Becker, 1896: 7, pl. 2, f. 1 (mf).
C. c. Bösenberg, 1901: 41, pl. 3, f. 29 (mf).
C. c. Emerton, 1902: 183, f. 428-429 (mf).
C. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 493, pl. 46, f. 19-20 (mf).
C. c. Kulczyn'ski, 1907: 574, pl. 21, f. 12-13 (f).
C. c. Simon, 1929: 710, 767, f. 1106-1108 (mf).
C. c. canadensis Simon, 1929: 768.
C. c. Reimoser, 1930b: 14, f. 4 (mf).
C. c. Wiehle, 1931: 18, f. 8, 17-21 (mf).
C. c. Drensky, 1943: 225, f. 5 (mf).
C. c. Kaston, 1948: 236, f. 711-713 (m).
C. c. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 166, f. 111A-D (mf).
C. c. Zamaraev, 1964: 352, f. 18 (f).
C. c. Azheganova, 1968: 82, f. 165, 173, 188 (mf).
C. c. Miller, 1971: 202, pl. XXXVII, f. 17-18 (mf).
C. c. Loksa, 1972: 109, f. 99A-B (mf).
C. c. Palmgren, 1974a: 7, f. 2d-g (mf).
C. c. Punda, 1975b: 40, f. 64, 66-67 (f).
C. c. Levi, 1977a: 78, f. 1-19 (mf, S).
C. c. Roberts, 1985: 222, f. 100b (mf).
C. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 82, f. 182 (mf).
C. c. Roberts, 1995: 336, f. (mf).
C. c. Mcheidze, 1997: 255, f. 554-557 (mf).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 258, f. 169a-e (mf).
C. c. Roberts, 1998: 349, f. (mf).
C. c. Levi, 1999: 320, f. 42-48 (mf).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156C, 158O, 160M (mf).
f conica albifoliata Strand, 1907....................France
C. c. a. Strand, 1907e: 233 (Df).
C. c. rubricauda Simon, 1929: 710, 768 (Df).
f conica defoliata Strand, 1907....................Central Europe
C. c. d. Strand, 1907e: 233 (Df).
C. c. triangulifera Simon, 1929: 710, 768 (Df).
f conica dimidiata Simon, 1929....................France
C. c. d. Simon, 1929: 711, 768 (Df).
f conica leucomelas Strand, 1907....................Central Europe
C. c. l. Strand, 1907e: 232 (Df).
f conica pyrenaica Strand, 1907....................France
C. c. p. Strand, 1907e: 233 (Df).
f conica zamezai Franganillo, 1909....................Portugal
C. c. z. Franganillo, 1909: 186 (Df).
C. c. z. Franganillo, 1910: 9, f. 3-4 (f).
f conigera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Honduras
C. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 494, pl. 47, f. 5 (Df).
C. c. Levi, 1999: 322, f. 57-61 (f, removed from S of C. caroli, contra Levi, 1977a: 83).
f coylei Levi, 1999....................Mexico, Guatemala
C. c. Levi, 1999: 324, f. 62-66 (Df).
mf cucurbitoria (Yin et al., 1990)....................China
Eustala c. Yin et al., 1990: 65, f. 163-168 (Df).
C. c. Yin & Gong, 1996: 74, f. 9-11 (Tf from Eustala, Dm).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 231, f. 144a-h (mf).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156D-E, 158P-Q, 160N (mf).
f cucurbitula Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. c. Simon, 1900a: 482 (Df).
f curiraba Levi, 1999....................Bolivia
C. c. Levi, 1999: 346, f. 240-243 (Df).
f cylindrata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995....................China
C. c. Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995: 11, f. 1-3 (Df).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 232, f. 145a-c (f).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156F-G, 160O (f).
f cylindrifaciens Hingston, 1927....................Myanmar
C. c. Hingston, 1927: 291 (Df).
f damingensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995....................China
C. d. Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995: 23, f. 1-5 (Df).
C. d. Yin et al., 1997: 259, f. 170a-e (f).
C. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156H-I, 160P (f).
mf deserticola Levy, 1998....................Egypt, Israel
C. d. Levy, 1998a: 320, f. 33-46 (Dmf).
mf dianasilvae Levi, 1999....................Ecuador, Peru
C. d. Levi, 1999: 343, f. 223-231 (Dmf).
mf diversa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894)....................Mexico, Cuba to Argentina
Turckheimia d. O. P.-Cambridge, 1894a: 136, pl. 16, f. 11 (Df).
C. d. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 496, pl. 47, f. 10 (f).
C. brevis Bryant, 1940: 335, f. 110 (Dm).
C. brevis Alayón, 1993d: 2, f. 1A-D (Df; N.B.: a misidentified Wagneriana, per Levi, 1999: 310).
C. d. Alayón, 1993d: 4, f. 2A-D (f).
C. d. Levi, 1999: 369, f. 391-412 (f, Sm).
mf dives Simon, 1877....................China, Philippines
C. d. Simon, 1877b: 71 (Dm).
C. d. Tanikawa, 1992b: 32, f. 63-64 (m).
C. d. Zhu et al, 1994: 35, f. 10A-H (m, Df).
C. d. Yin et al., 1997: 237, f. 150a-h (mf).
C. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156J-K, 158R, 160Q (mf).
f donking Levi, 1999....................Bolivia
C. d. Levi, 1999: 341, f. 195-198 (Df).
f dosbukolea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 601, f. 377a-i (Df).
f durango Levi, 1999....................Mexico
C. d. Levi, 1999: 325, f. 71-76 (Df).
f elongata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998....................Bangladesh
C. e. Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998a: 49, f. 7-13 (Df).
m espumoso Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. e. Levi, 1999: 355, f. 298-303 (Dm).
mf fililineata Hingston, 1932....................Panama to Argentina
C. sericaria Simon, 1895a: 782 (nomen nudum)
C. f. Hingston, 1932: 371 (Df).
C. filisinuosa Hingston, 1932: 372 (Dm).
C. f. Levi, 1999: 330, f. 36-37, 96-107 (f, Sm).
f formosa Karsch, 1879....................West Africa
C. f. Karsch, 1879e: 835 (Df).
Salassina f. Pocock, 1898g: 513.
f formosana Tanikawa & Ono, 1993....................Taiwan
C. f. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 57, f. 6-9 (Df).
C. f. Yin et al., 1997: 238, f. 151a-d (f).
C. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156L-M, 160R (f).
mf fuliginata (L. Koch, 1871)....................New South Wales, Victoria
Epeira fuliginata L. Koch, 1872a: 106, pl. 8, f. 7 (Df).
C. f. Dondale, 1966: 1162, f. 3G-J (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf ginnaga Yaginuma, 1959....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. g. Yaginuma, 1959b: 12, f. 8-13 (Df).
C. g. Yaginuma, 1960: 67, f. 63 (f).
C. g. Lee, 1966: 52, f. 17g-i (f).
C. g. Yaginuma, 1971: 67, f. 63 (f).
C. g. Hu, 1984: 107, f. 103.1-2 (f).
C. g. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.1 (f).
C. g. Zhang & Zhu, 1987: 33, f. 1A-B (Dm).
C. g. Zhang, 1987: 77, f. 60.1-4 (mf).
C. ginnaga Chen & Gao, 1990: 55, f. 63a (mf, not f. 63b).
C. g. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 97, f. 90.1-3 (f).
C. g. Tanikawa, 1992b: 71, f. 232-246 (mf).
C. g. Yin et al., 1997: 233, f. 146a-c (f).
C. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156N-O, 160S (f).
m groppalii Pesarini, 1998....................Balearic Is.
C. g. Pesarini, in Groppali, Guerci & Pesarini, 1998: 71, f. 2b, 3, 5 (Dm).
f gulinensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995....................China
C. g. Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995: 24, f. 6-12 (Df).
C. g. Yin et al., 1997: 244, f. 156a-g (f).
C. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156P-Q, 161A (f).
f haiti Levi, 1999....................Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mona Is.
C. h. Levi, 1999: 365, f. 363-367 (Df).
mf hamulata Tanikawa, 1992....................Russia, Japan
C. atrata Chikuni, 1989b: 86, f. 76 (mf, misidentified).
C. h. Tanikawa, 1992b: 47, f. 119-129 (Dmf).
mf hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982....................India
C. h. Tikader, 1982a: 197, f. 382-387 (Dmf).
m hova Strand, 1907....................Madagascar
C. h. Strand, 1907d: 730 (Dm).
C. h. Strand, 1907o: 47 (Dm).
mf huila Levi, 1999....................Colombia
C. h. Levi, 1999: 336, f. 154-161 (Dmf).
f imias Levi, 1999....................Cuba
C. i. Levi, 1999: 322, f. 49-52 (Df).
mf inca Levi, 1999....................Colombia to Argentina
C. i. Levi, 1999: 326, f. 86-95 (Dmf).
mf informis Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995....................China
C. i. Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995: 12, f. 4-11 (Dmf).
C. i. Yin et al., 1997: 239, f. 152a-h (mf).
C. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156R-S, 158S, 161B (mf).
mf insulana (Costa, 1834)....................Mediterranean to Philippines, Australia
Epeira i. Costa, 1834: 65 (Df).
Epeira anseripes Walckenaer, 1842: 146 (Df).
Epeira trituberculata Lucas, 1846: 248, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira moesta Blackwall, 1865a: 94 (Dm).
Singa trituberculata Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868: 790.
Cyrtophora argentea Ausserer, 1871b: 821, pl. 5, f. 8 (Dj).
C. trituberculata Simon, 1874a: 43.
Cyrtophora melanura Simon, 1877b: 72, pl. 3, f. 9 (Df).
C. propinqua Simon, 1882b: 230 (Dmf).
C. i. Thorell, 1892b: 232.
Cyrtophora interalbicans Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 42, pl. 2, f. 23 (Df).
Epeira i. Workman, 1896: 36, pl. 36 (mf).
C. i. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 205, pl. 4, f. 22, pl. 11, f. 243-244, pl. 15, f. 396 (Dmf).
C. i. Strand, 1918: 95, pl. 2, f. 6-7 (f).
C. i. Berland, 1936: 87 (S).
C. i. Roewer, 1938: 37, f. 25 (f).
C. i. Nakatsudi, 1942a: 306, f. 23-25 (f).
C. i. Saito, 1959: 99, f. 113a-d (f).
C. i. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 199, f. 19-27, 80 (mf).
C. i. Tikader, 1966b: 14, f. 35-38 (f).
C. i. Levi, 1977a: 74, f. 24-29 (mf).
C. i. Locket, 1980: 123, f. 29-31 (f).
C. i. Tikader, 1982a: 201, f. 394-398 (f).
C. i. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.6 (mf).
C. i. Tanikawa, 1992b: 32, f. 61-62 (m).
C. i. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 598, f. 374a-f, 375a-g (mf).
C. i. Groppali, Guerci & Pesarini, 1998: 73, f. 2, 4, 6 (m).
f ipilea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. i. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 591, f. 368a-g (Df).
f jalapa Levi, 1999....................Mexico
C. j. Levi, 1999: 322, f. 53-56 (Df).
mf japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. j. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 211, f. 2 (Df).
C. j. Saito, 1939: 12, f. 2(5) (f).
C. j. Yaginuma, 1958f: 71, f. 3-4 (f).
C. j. Saito, 1959: 98, f. 112a-d (f).
C. j. Yaginuma, 1960: 67, f. 63 (f).
C. j. Paik, 1962: 75, f. 3 (f).
C. insulana Lee, 1966: 51, f. 16i-j (f, misidentified).
C. j. Yaginuma, 1971: 67, f. 63 (f).
C. insulana Hu, 1984: 107, f. 104.1-2 (f, misidentified).
C. j. Yaginuma, 1986a: 119, f. 63.5 (mf).
C. j. Chikuni, 1989b: 86, f. 74 (mf).
C. insulana Chen & Gao, 1990: 55, f. 64a, c (mf, misidentified, not f. 64b).
C. j. Chen & Gao, 1990: 56, f. 65a-b (mf).
C. insulana Chen & Zhang, 1991: 96, f. 88.1-2 (f, misidentified).
C. j. Tanikawa, 1992b: 38, f. 81-96 (mf).
C. j. Yin et al., 1997: 241, f. 153a-l (mf).
C. j. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 264, f. 156T-U, 159A-B, 161C (mf).
mf jose Levi, 1999....................Costa Rica
C. j. Levi, 1999: 368, f. 378-386 (Dmf).
f kashmirica Caporiacco, 1934....................Karakorum
C. k. Caporiacco, 1934a: 152 (Df).
mf kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910....................East Africa
C. k. Tullgren, 1910: 158, pl. 4, f. 98 (Dmf).
f koi Tanikawa & Ono, 1993....................Taiwan
C. k. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 62, f. 22-25 (Df).
C. k. Yin et al., 1997: 260, f. 171a-d (f).
C. k. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 156V-W, 161D (f).
m krusa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. k. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 596, f. 373a-h (Dm).
mf kumadai Tanikawa, 1992....................Japan
C. ginnaga Chikuni, 1989b: 86, f. 75 (mf, misidentified).
C. k. Tanikawa, 1992b: 74, f. 247-256 (Dmf).
mf laticauda Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. l. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 209, pl. 15, f. 414 (Df).
C. l. Saito 1939: 12, f. 2.6 (Dm).
C. l. Saito, 1959: 98, f. 110a-b (m).
C. l. Namkung, 1964: 38, f. 28 (f).
C. l. Lee, 1966: 52, f. 17e-f (m).
C. l. Hu, 1984: 108, f. 105.1-3 (mf).
C. l. Yaginuma, 1986a: 119, f. 63.3 (mf).
C. l. Chikuni, 1989b: 87, f. 77 (f only; m=C. monticola).
C. l. Tanikawa, 1992b: 20, f. 12-21 (mf).
C. l. Yin et al., 1997: 245, f. 157a-g (mf).
C. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 156X-Y, 159C, 161E (mf).
f lawrencei Caporiacco, 1949....................Kenya
C. l. Caporiacco, 1949a: 409, f. 52 (Df).
f libertad Levi, 1999....................Ecuador, Peru
C. l. Levi, 1999: 344, f. 236-239 (Df).
mf litoralis (L. Koch, 1867)....................Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti
Epeira l. L. Koch, 1867b: 180 (Dm).
Epeira l. L. Koch, 1872a: 117, pl. 9, f. 5 (m).
Epeira strangulata L. Koch, 1872a: 118, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
C. strangulata Simon, 1885a: 37.
C. l. Berland, 1929b: 62.
mf longicauda (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Colombia to Argentina
Singa l. Taczanowski, 1878b: 145 (Df).
Araneus longicaudus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 300.
C. l. Levi, 1999: 332, f. 117-126 (Tf from Singa, Dm).
mf machadinho Levi, 1999....................Brazil, Argentina
C. m. Levi, 1999: 351, f. 265-274 (Dmf).
mf maderiana Kulczyn'ski, 1899....................Madeira, Canary Is.
C. m. Kulczyn'ski, 1899: 390, pl. 7, f. 67-68, 71-73 (Df).
C. m. Wunderlich, 1987a: 134, f. 360-361 (Dm).
mf maritima Tanikawa, 1992....................Japan
C. camelodes Shinkai, 1977: 328, f. 13-14 (mf, misidentified).
C. camelodes Yaginuma, 1986a: 120, f. 63.6 (mf, misidentified).
C. m. Tanikawa, 1992b: 50, f. 131-142 (Dmf).
f mavaca Levi, 1999....................Colombia, Venezuela
C. m. Levi, 1999: 342, f. 208-211 (Df).
m meruensis Tullgren, 1910....................East Africa
C. m. Tullgren, 1910: 158, pl. 4, f. 97 (Dm).
f micula (Thorell, 1892)....................India, Singapore
Epeira m. Thorell, 1892a: 245 (Df).
Epeira m. Workman, 1896: 40, pl. 40 (f).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 203, f. 37-38 (f).
m minora Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995....................China
C. m. Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995: 13, f. 12-16 (Dm).
C. m. Yin et al., 1997: 261, f. 172a-e (m).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 159D-E, 161F (m).
f mocoa Levi, 1999....................Colombia
C. m. Levi, 1999: 324, f. 67-70 (Df).
f mohini Dyal, 1935....................India
C. m. Dyal, 1935: 192 (Df).
mf monteverde Levi, 1999....................Costa Rica, Panama
C. m. Levi, 1999: 355, f. 304-313 (Dmf).
mf monticola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 210, pl. 15, f. 413 (Df).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 119, f. 63.4 (f).
C. laticauda Zhang, 1987: 78, f. 61.1-2 (f, misidentified).
C. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 87, f. 78 (f).
C. laticauda Chikuni, 1989b: 87, f. 77 (misidentified, m only).
C. laticauda Chen & Gao, 1990: 56, f. 66a-c (mf, misidentified).
C. m. Chen & Gao, 1990: 57, f. 67 (f).
C. laticauda Feng, 1990: 73, f. 48.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
C. laticauda Chen & Zhang, 1991: 97, f. 89.1-3 (mf, misidentified).
C. m. Tanikawa, 1992b: 24, f. 23-34 (f, Dm).
C. m. Yin et al., 1997: 246, f. 158a-j (mf).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157A, 159F-G, 161G (mf).
f moonduensis Tikader, 1963....................India
C. m. Tikader, 1963b: 46, f. 5a-b (Df).
C. m. Patel, 1975b: 165, f. 3d (f).
C. m. Tikader, 1982a: 191, f. 376-371 (f).
mf morretes Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. m. Levi, 1999: 350, f. 256-264 (Dmf).
mf mulmeinensis (Thorell, 1887)....................Africa to Japan, Philippines
Epeira m. Thorell, 1887: 221 (Df).
Epeira m. Thorell, 1895: 192 (Dm).
Epeira m. Workman, 1896: 37, pl. 37 (mf).
C. m. Simon, 1909e: 104.
Argyrodes longispinus Saito, 1933b: 45, pl. 3, f. 26 (Df).
Argyrodes longispinus Saito, 1959: 69, f. 62a-e (f).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 203, f. 34-36 (f).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1963d: 21, f. 1 (f, S).
C. m. Lee, 1966: 49, f. 16c-e (f).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1967b: 95, f. 2u (f).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1971: 23, f. 120-122 (m).
C. m. Tikader, 1982a: 187, f. 356-360 (f).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.5 (f).
C. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 85, f. 71 (f).
C. m. Tanikawa, 1990b: 5, f. 16-32 (mf, S).
C. m. Koh, 1991: 176, f. 9-12 (f).
C. m. Tanikawa, 1992b: 54, f. 149-165 (mf).
C. m. Okuma et al., 1993: 27, f. 23A-B (f).
C. m. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 370a-g, 371a-e (f).
C. m. Yin et al., 1997: 253, f. 164a-j (mf).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157B-C, 159H (mf).
mf neilensis Tikader, 1977....................Andaman Is.
C. n. Tikader, 1977a: 179, f. 11A-D (Dmf).
C. n. Tikader, 1982a: 199, f. 388-393 (mf).
mf nevada Levi, 1999....................Colombia
C. n. Levi, 1999: 333, f. 34-35, 127-137 (Dmf).
mf nigra Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. n. Yin et al., 1990: 62, f. 156-162 (Dmf).
C. n. Yin et al., 1997: 234, f. 147a-g (mf).
C. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157D-E, 159I, 161J (mf).
f nodosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Costa Rica
Turckheimia n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 47, pl. 4, f. 11 (Dj).
C. n. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 496, pl. 47, f. 11 (Df).
C. n. Levi, 1999: 374, f. 425-429 (f).
mf norihisai Tanikawa, 1992....................China, Japan
C. n. Tanikawa, 1992b: 41, f. 99-107 (Dmf).
C. n. Yin et al., 1997: 242, f. 154a-f (f).
C. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157F-H, 160I (f).
mf oatesi (Thorell, 1892)....................Andaman Is.
Epeira oatesii Thorell, 1892b: 228 (Dmf).
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992b: 62, f. 202-210 (mf).
mf octotuberculata Karsch, 1879....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. o. Karsch, 1879g: 74, pl. 1, f. 8 (Dm).
C. o. Simon, 1895a: 779, f. 850.
C. o. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 208, pl. 15, f. 412 (m, Df).
C. o. Saito, 1939: 12, f. 2(7) (f).
C. ocutotuberculata Nakatsudi, 1942a: 306, f. 26 (f).
C. o. Saito, 1959: 98, f. 111a-b (f).
C. o. Lee, 1966: 51, f. 17a-b (f).
C. o. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 44, f. 25.1-2 (mf).
C. octotubenculata Hu, 1984: 109, f. 106.1-3 (f).
C. o. Yaginuma, 1986a: 119, f. 63.1 (mf).
C. o. Chikuni, 1989b: 84, f. 67 (mf).
C. o. Feng, 1990: 74, f. 49.1-5 (mf).
C. o. Chen & Gao, 1990: 57, f. 68a-c (mf).
C. o. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 94, f. 85.1-3, 86 (mf).
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992b: 16, f. 1-10 (mf).
C. o. Yin et al., 1997: 247, f. 159a-h (mf).
C. o. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1713, f. 13a-c (m).
C. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157I-J, 159J, M, 161J (mf).
mf oculata (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Palearctic
Aranea o. Walckenaer, 1802: 428 (Df).
Epeira o. Walckenaer, 1805: 64.
Epeira o. Walckenaer, 1842: 144 (Dm).
Cyrtophora o. Simon, 1864: 262.
Singa o. L. Koch, 1870: 4.
Singa tuberculata Reinhard, 1874: 217.
C. o. Simon, 1874a: 41.
C. o. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 128, pl. 4, f. 43 (mf).
C. o. Becker, 1896: 10, pl. 1, f. 3 (mf).
Cyrtophora o. Bösenberg, 1901: 41, pl. 3, f. 30 (mf).
C. o. Wiehle, 1931: 20, f. 22-25 (mf).
C. o. Schenkel, 1936b: 123, f. 43 (j).
C. o. Drensky, 1943: 224, f. 4 (mf).
C. o. Zamaraev, 1964: 353, f. 19-20 (f).
C. o. Azheganova, 1968: 84, f. 166, 189-190 (mf).
C. o. Miller, 1971: 202, pl. XXXVII, f. 19-20 (f).
C. o. Loksa, 1972: 109, f. 99C-D (mf).
C. o. Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 32-35 (mf).
C. o. Levi, 1977a: 64, f. 21-23 (mf).
C. o. Hu & Wu, 1989: 100, f. 76.1-3 (f).
C. o. Izmailova, 1989: 62, f. 44 (m).
C. o. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 82, f. 183 (mf).
C. o. Roberts, 1995: 337, f. (mf).
C. o. Mcheidze, 1997: 254, f. 549-551 (mf).
C. o. Yin et al., 1997: 249, f. 160a-e (f).
C. o. Roberts, 1998: 349, f. (mf).
C. o. Groppali, Guerci & Pesarini, 1998: 73, f. 1, 3, 7 (m).
C. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157K-L, 161K (f).
f ojeda Levi, 1999....................Curaçao
C. o. Levi, 1999: 372, f. 413-416 (Df).
mf okumae Tanikawa, 1992....................Korea, Japan
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992b: 68, f. 222-230 (Dmf).
C. o. Kim & Yoo, 1996: 30, f. 1-6 (f).
f olivenca Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. o. Levi, 1999: 354, f. 294-297 (Df).
f olorina Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. o. Simon, 1900a: 481, pl. 16, f. 5 (Df).
mf omonaga Tanikawa, 1992....................Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. insulana Chikuni, 1989b: 84, f. 68 (f, misidentified).
C. insulana Chen & Gao, 1990: 55, f. 64b (mf, misidentified, not f. 64a, c).
C. japonica Feng, 1990: 72, f. 47.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992b: 30, f. 44-55 (Dmf).
C. o. Kim, 1995a: 80, f. 1-6 (f).
C. o. Yin et al., 1997: 243, f. 155a-k (mf).
C. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157M, 159K-L, 161L (mf).
mf onoi Tanikawa, 1992....................China, Japan
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992b: 28, f. 39-42 (Df).
C. o. Tanikawa, 1992d: 199, f. 1-6 (Dm).
C. o. Yin et al., 1997: 249, f. 161a-k (mf).
C. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157N-P, 159N-O, 161M (mf).
f oseret Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. o. Levi, 1999: 341, f. 199-203 (Df).
m otsomarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. o. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 601, f. 376a-f (Dm).
mf pantanal Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. p. Levi, 1999: 348, f. 248-255 (Dmf).
f parangmulmeinensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 594, f. 372a-j (Df).
m parangtarugoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 603, f. 378a-f (Dm).
f paupercula Simon, 1893....................Borneo
C. p. Simon, 1893f: 322 (Df).
mf pedropalo Levi, 1999....................Colombia
C. p. Levi, 1999: 334, f. 138-145 (Dmf).
f pellaxoides Roewer, 1955....................Singapore
Epeira pellax Thorell, 1892a: 243 (Df; preoccupied by O. P.-Cambridge, 1885).
C. p. Roewer, 1955c: 757 (replacement name).
f pentatuberculata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995....................China
C. p. Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995: 14, f. 17-23 (Df).
C. p. Yin et al., 1997: 251, f. 152a-g (f).
C. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157Q-S, 161N (f).
f perkinsi Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. p. Simon, 1900a: 479 (Df).
m picchu Levi, 1999....................Peru
C. p. Levi, 1999: 348, f. 244-247 (Dm).
mf pichilinque Levi, 1999....................Mexico
C. p. Levi, 1999: 363, f. 344-353 (Dmf).
jj pseudoculata Schenkel, 1936....................China
C. p. Schenkel, 1936b: 124, f. 44 (Dj).
f psylla (Thorell, 1887)....................Myanmar, Japan
Epeira p. Thorell, 1887: 214 (Df).
Aranea p. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 236, pl. 15, f. 402 (f).
C. p. Yaginuma, 1987b: 387 (Tf from Araneus).
C. p. Tanikawa, 1992b: 53, f. 146-148 (f).
f punctata Keyserling, 1879....................Brazil
C. p. Keyserling, 1879: 312, pl. 4, f. 14 (Df).
C. p. Keyserling, 1893: 271, pl. 14, f. 201 (f).
C. p. Levi, 1999: 376, f. 433-434 (f; N.B.: probably misplaced in this genus).
f pusilla Simon, 1880....................New Caledonia
C. p. Simon, 1880i: 168 (Df).
mf quavansea Roberts, 1983....................Aldabra
C. q. Roberts, 1983: 258, f. 139-154 (Dmf).
mf quinqueguttata (Thorell, 1881)....................India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Taiwan
Epeira quinque-guttata Thorell, 1881: 113 (Dm).
Epeira hybophora Thorell, 1887: 217 (Df).
C. fissicauda Simon, 1889i: 338 (Dj).
C. fissicauda Tikader, 1982a: 189, f. 361-366 (f).
C. q. Roberts, 1983: 261 (S).
C. q. Tanikawa, 1992b: 61, f. 190-197 (mf).
C. q. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 55, f. 2-5 (m, S).
C. q. Yin et al., 1997: 254, f. 165a-f (mf).
C. q. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 271, f. 157T-U, 159P, 161O (mf).
f rainbowi Roewer, 1955....................Australia
Epeira pallida Rainbow, 1897b: 514, pl. 17, f. 1 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805).
C. r. Roewer, 1955c: 758 (replacement name).
m rhombocephala (Thorell, 1881)....................Queensland
Epeira r. Thorell, 1891: 98 (Dm).
C. r. Simon, 1895a: 780.
mf rubronigra Caporiacco, 1947....................Costa Rica to Brazil
C. r. Caporiacco, 1947a: 24 (Dm).
C. nigrorubra Caporiacco, 1948a: 655, f. 62 (m; lapsus).
C. r. Levi, 1999: 325, f. 77-85 (m, Df).
mf sachikoae Tanikawa, 1992....................Japan
C. s. Tanikawa, 1992b: 60, f. 182-189 (Dmf).
f saismarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. s. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 605, f. 379a-h (Df).
mf sanctibenedicti (Vinson, 1863)....................Madagascar, Réunion
Epeira sancti-benedicti Vinson, 1863: 204, 312, pl. 14, f. 3 (Df).
C. s. Lopez, 1990: 18, f. 7 (Dm).
mf santafe Levi, 1999....................Colombia
C. s. Levi, 1999: 334, f. 146-153 (Dmf).
mf sedeculata Karsch, 1879....................China, Korea, Japan
C. s. Karsch, 1879g: 74, pl. 1, f. 9 (Dmf).
C. s. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 207, pl. 15, f. 416 (mf).
C. sediculata Saito, 1939: 13, f. 2(8) (f).
C. s. Yin, 1978: 7, f. 19A-C (f).
C. s. Song, 1980: 112, f. 56a-c (f).
Cyclasa s. Wang, 1981: 101, f. 43A-C (f).
C. s. Hu, 1984: 110, f. 107.1-3 (f).
C. s. Guo, 1985: 63, f. 2-18.1-3 (mf).
C. s. Zhu et al., 1985: 77, f. 64a-c (f).
C. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 119, f. 63.2 (mf).
C. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 85, f. 70 (mf).
C. s. Feng, 1990: 75, f. 50.1-4 (mf).
C. s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 58, f. 70a-b (mf).
C. s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 93, f. 84.1-3 (mf).
C. s. Tanikawa, 1992b: 77, f. 258-264 (mf).
C. s. Yin et al., 1997: 262, f. 173a-f (mf).
C. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 157V-W, 160A, 161P (mf).
mf senticauda Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
C. s. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 36, f. 11A-G (Dmf).
C. s. Yin et al., 1997: 235, f. 148a-h (mf).
C. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 157X, 158A, 160B, 162A (mf).
mf serena Levi, 1999....................Chile, Argentina
C. s. Levi, 1999: 364, f. 354-362 (Dmf).
f seriata (Thorell, 1881)....................Java
Epeira s. Thorell, 1881: 121 (Df).
C. c. Roewer, 1942a: 757.
mf shinoharai Tanikawa & Ono, 1993....................Taiwan
C. s. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 60, f. 13-21 (Dmf).
C. s. Yin et al., 1997: 263, f. 174a-i (mf).
C. shinohariai Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 158B-C, 160C-D, 162B (mf).
mf sierrae Simon, 1870....................Europe to Georgia
C. sierae Simon, 1870b: 305, pl. 3, f. 3 (Df; spelled sierrae in legend).
Epeira incongrua O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 299 (Dmf).
C. s. Simon, 1874a: 40.
C. caudata L. Koch, 1876b: 287 (Dmf).
C. s. Kulczyn'ski, 1907: 574, pl. 21, f. 8-10 (mf).
C. s. Drensky, 1943: 225, f. 5 (f).
C. s. Brignoli, 1967f: 130, f. 1-5 (mf).
C. s. Levi, 1977a: 79, f. 30-33 (mf).
C. s. Levy, 1998a: 318, f. 24-32 (mf).
f simoni Tikader, 1982....................India
C. s. Tikader, 1982a: 203, f. 399-403 (Df).
f simplicicauda Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. s. Simon, 1900a: 479, pl. 16, f. 4 (Df).
f simplicicauda rufescens Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. s. r. Simon, 1900a: 480 (Df).
mf spirifera Simon, 1889....................India
C. s. Simon, 1889i: 337 (Dmf).
C. s. Tikader, 1982a: 195, f. 377-381 (f).
f strandi Kolosváry, 1934....................Balkans
C. s. Kolosváry, 1934b: 12, f. 1 (Df).
f strandjae Drensky, 1915....................Bulgaria, Balkans
C. s. Drensky, 1915: 143, 174, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
f tamanaco Levi, 1999....................Trinidad
C. t. Levi, 1999: 374, f. 417-420 (Df).
mf tapetifaciens Hingston, 1932....................Panama to Argentina
C. t. Hingston, 1932: 370 (Df).
C. filiobliqua Hingston, 1932: 371 (Dm).
Parazygia accentonotata Caporiacco, 1955: 345, f. 30a-b (Dm).
C. sumaqkay Archer, 1971: 159, f. 7 (Df).
C. t. Levi, 1999: 338, f. 23-25, 27-30, 181-194 (f, Sm).
f tardipes (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira t. Thorell, 1895: 193 (Df).
C. t. Reimoser, 1927a: 47.
f tardipes ignava (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira t. i. Thorell, 1895: 193 (Df).
mf tauraai Berland, 1933....................Marquesas Is.
C. t. Berland, 1933b: 67, f. 53-54 (Df).
C. t. Berland, 1935: 59, f. 47-48 (Dm).
m teresa Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. t. Levi, 1999: 343, f. 218-222 (Dm).
f tricolor (Leardi, 1902)....................Philippines
Epeira (C.) t. Leardi, 1902b: 120 (Df).
mf trilobata (Urquhart, 1885)....................Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand
Arachnura t. Urquhart, 1885: 37, pl. 9, f. 1, pl. 10, f. 9, 11 (Dmf).
Epeira anseripes Keyserling, 1887a: 174, pl. 15, f. 1-2 (mf, misidentified).
C. t. Dalmas, 1917a: 377.
C. t. Hickman, 1967: 60, f. 106-107 (mf).
C. t. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 26 (mf).
f tripartita Tullgren, 1910....................East Africa
C. t. Tullgren, 1910: 159, pl. 4, f. 99 (Df).
mf triquetra Simon, 1895....................Mexico, West Indies to Peru
C. t. Simon, 1895a: 779, f. 851 (Df).
C. clara O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 248, pl. 31, f. 8 (Df).
C. clara F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 497, pl. 47, f. 13 (f).
C. t. Levi, 1999: 352, f. 275-283 (f, Dm, S).
f tropica Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998....................Bangladesh
C. t. Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998a: 50, f. 14-19 (Df).
f tuberascens Simon, 1906....................India
C. t. Simon, 1906c: 310 (Df).
mf turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA to Panama, West Indies, Galapagos Is., Hawaii
Epeira t. Walckenaer, 1842: 140 (Df).
Epeira glomosa Walckenaer, 1842: 143 (Df).
Epeira caudata Hentz, 1850: 23, pl. 3, f. 14 (Df).
Singa vanbruyssellii Becker, 1879a: 78, pl. 1, f. 4-6 (Dm).
Cyrtophora t. McCook, 1888a: 79 (S).
C. index O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 5, pl. 6, f. 6 (Df).
Singa van-bruysselii Keyserling, 1892: 288, pl. 15, f. 213 (m).
C. culta O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 112, pl. 14, f. 12 (Dm).
C. caudata Keyserling, 1893: 279, pl. 14, f. 206 (f, Dm).
C. t. McCook, 1894: 224, pl. 17, f. 5-6 (mf).
C. tuberculifera O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 269, pl. 36, f. 10 (Dm).
C. tuberculifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 493, pl. 47, f. 1 (m).
C. culta F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 493, pl. 47, f. 2 (m).
C. index F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 496, pl. 47, f. 12 (f).
Araneus glomosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Araneus van bruysseli Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
C. nanna Ivie & Barrows, 1935: 18, pl. 7, f. 52-53 (Dmf).
Singa van-bruyselli Archer, 1941b: 17, pl. I, f. 5 (Df).
Singa vanbrusselli Kraus, 1955b: 26, f. 70-71 (m).
C. t. Levi, 1972a: 231 (S).
C. t. Levi, 1977a: 80, f. 20, 38-50 (mf, S).
C. t. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 61 (m).
C. t. Breene et al., 1993: 105, f. 159A-C (mf).
C. t. Levi, 1999: 356, f. 314-321 (mf, S).
f turvo Levi, 1999....................Brazil
C. t. Levi, 1999: 342, f. 204-207 (Df).
mf vallata (Keyserling, 1886)....................Korea, Taiwan, Japan to Australia
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1886a: 149, pl. 12, f. 5 (Df).
C. v. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 203, pl. 15, f. 411 (f, Dm).
C. v. Chrysanthus, 1971: 23, f. 40-41, 117-119 (mf).
C. v. Yaginuma, 1986a: 121, f. 64.4 (mf).
C. v. Chikuni, 1989b: 85, f. 72 (f).
C. v. Tanikawa, 1990b: 2, f. 1-15 (mf).
C. v. Tanikawa, 1992b: 57, f. 166-180 (mf).
C. v. Yin et al., 1997: 255, f. 166a-i (mf).
C. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 158D-E, 160E-F, 162C (mf).
f vicente Levi, 1999....................Brazil, Argentina
C. v. Levi, 1999: 369, f. 387-390 (Df).
mf vieirae Levi, 1999....................Peru, Brazil
C. v. Levi, 1999: 354, f. 284-293 (Dmf).
mf walckenaeri (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................USA to Guyana, West Indies
Turckheimia walckenaerii O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 47, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira w. Keyserling, 1892: 98, pl. 5, f. 85 (f, Dm).
C. w. McCook, 1894: 226, pl. 17, f. 1-2 (mf).
C. trifida F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 495, pl. 47, f. 7 (Df).
C. w. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 496, pl. 47, f. 9 (f).
C. w. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 315, f. 188-189 (f).
C. cuadrituberosa Franganillo, 1936c: 84 (Dj; N.B.: "nicht zu deuten!" per Roewer, 1955c: 1454, sub C. quadrituberosa).
C. oculata Bryant, 1945a: 367 (S, rejected).
C. w. Levi, 1977a: 84, f. 64-77 (mf, removed from S, S).
C. w. Levi, 1999: 360, f. 38, 333-343 (mf, S).
f xanthomelas Simon, 1900....................Hawaii
C. x. Simon, 1900a: 480, pl. 16, f. 3 (Df).
f yaginumai Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998....................Bangladesh
C. y. Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998a: 51, f. 20-26 (Df).
f zhangmuensis Hu & Li, 1987....................China
C. z. Hu & Li, 1987b: 265, f. 12.1-5 (Df).
C. z. Yin et al., 1997: 252, f. 163a-e (f).
C. z. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 158F-H (f).
f benoiti Archer, 1965....................Congo
C. b. Archer, 1965a: 80, f. 1-2 (Df).
f columnifer Simon, 1903....................Madagascar
C. c. Simon, 1903b: 140 (Df).
f elongatus Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994....................China
C. e. Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 106, f. 10-13 (Df).
C. e. Yin et al., 1997: 266, f. 177a-d (f).
C. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 162D-F (f).
mf larvatus (Simon, 1881) *....................Congo, East Africa
Poltys larvata Simon, 1881e: 5 (Df).
C. l. Simon, 1895a: 889, 893, f. 954 (f).
C. l. Pavesi, 1897b: 166 (Dm).
C. l. Tullgren, 1910: 172, pl. 4, f. 126 (mf).
C. l. Lessert, 1930: 665, f. 35 (f).
C. l. Archer, 1951b: 28, f. 2 (m).
C. l. Archer, 1965a: 82, f. 3-4 (mf).
f sumatranus Simon, 1899....................Sumatra
C. s. Simon, 1899a: 96 (Df).
f avimerdaria Tikader, 1963....................India
C. a. Tikader, 1963a: 269, f. 1a-c (Df).
C. a. Tikader, 1982a: 154, f. 289-292 (f).
f bengalensis Tikader, 1961....................India, China
C. b. Tikader, 1961a: 550, f. 3a-c (Df).
C. b. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 28, f. 37-38 (f).
C. b. Tikader, 1982a: 141, f. 262-265 (f).
f bicolor Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
C. b. Thorell, 1898: 369 (Df).
f bigibbosa Simon, 1907....................São Tomé, Bioko
C. b. Simon, 1907d: 303 (Df).
f bilunulata Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon
C. b. Thorell, 1899: 62 (Df).
f biswamoyi Tikader, 1961....................India
C. b. Tikader, 1961a: 554, f. 5a-c (Df).
C. b. Tikader, 1982a: 140, f. 258-261 (f).
mf bufo (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................China, Korea, Japan
Poecilopachys b. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 241, pl. 3, f. 12, pl. 11, f. 219 (Df).
C. b. Yaginuma, 1958d: 265, f. C (Tf from Poecilopachys).
C. b. Namkung & Kim, 1985: 23, f. 1 (f).
C. b. Yaginuma, 1986a: 109, f. 58.2 (m).
C. b. Chikuni, 1989b: 82, f. 56 (mf).
C. b. Feng, 1990: 76, f. 51.1-4 (f).
C. b. Chen & Gao, 1990: 59, f. 71 (f).
C. b. Yin et al., 1997: 268, f. 178a-d (f).
C. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 162G-H, 163G (f).
f cingulata Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
C. c. Thorell, 1895: 202 (Df).
C. c. Pocock, 1900a: 229, f. 75 (f).
f conica O. P.-Cambridge, 1901....................Malaysia
C. c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901: 13, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
m dimidiata Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
C. d. Thorell, 1895: 204 (Dm).
f fangchengensis Yin & Zhao, 1994....................China
C. f. Yin & Zhao, 1994: 1, f. 1-5 (Df).
C. f. Yin et al., 1997: 269, f. 179a-e (f).
C. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 162I-J, 163H (f).
mf finniganae Lessert, 1936....................Mozambique
C. finnigani Lessert, 1936: 249, f. 43-45 (Dmf).
f flavopicta Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
C. f. Thorell, 1899: 61 (Df).
f friederici Strand, 1911....................New Guinea
C. friedericii Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
C. f. Strand, 1915d: 236, pl. 18, f. 85 (f).
C. f. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 209, f. 60-62, 79 (f).
f gibbifera Simon, 1899....................Sumatra
C. g. Simon, 1899a: 92 (Df).
f gilva Yin & Zhao, 1994....................China
C. gilvus Yin & Zhao, 1994: 3, f. 6-10 (Df).
C. gilvus Yin et al., 1997: 270, f. 180a-f (f).
C. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 272, f. 162K-L, 163I (f).
f gravelyi Tikader, 1961....................India
C. g. Tikader, 1961a: 553, f. 4a-c (Df).
C. g. Tikader, 1982a: 147, f. 274-276 (f).
f grubei (Keyserling, 1864) *....................Mauritius
Cyrtogaster grubii Keyserling, 1864: 81, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
C. g. Thorell, 1868b: 10.
C. g. Emerit, 2000: 150, f. 6-7 (f).
j guttigera Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
C. g. Simon, 1909e: 114 (Dj).
j heminaria Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
C. h. Simon, 1909e: 114 (Dj).
f histrionica Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
C. h. Thorell, 1898: 370 (Df).
f hubeiensis Yin & Zhao, 1994....................China
C. h. Yin & Zhao, 1994: 3, f. 11-16 (Df).
C. h. Yin et al., 1997: 271, f. 181a-f (f).
C. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 162M-N, 163J (f).
j ignava Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
C. i. Thorell, 1895: 203 (Dj).
mf inaequalis Thorell, 1895....................India to Japan
C. i. Thorell, 1895: 201 (Df).
C. i. Tikader, 1961a: 548, f. 1a-c (f).
C. inaquolis Yin, 1978: 8, f. 20A-C (f).
C. i. Song, 1980: 113, f. 57a-c (f).
C. inequalis Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 29, f. 39-40 (f).
C. inequalis Tikader, 1982a: 143, f. 266-269 (f).
C. i. Hu, 1984: 113, f. 111.1-3 (f).
C. i. Yaginuma, 1986a: 109, f. 58.1 (m).
C. i. Chikuni, 1989b: 82, f. 57 (mf).
C. i. Feng, 1990: 77, f. 52.1-7 (mf).
C. i. Yin et al., 1997: 272, f. 182a-e (mf).
C. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 162O, 163A, K (mf).
f induta Yaginuma, 1960....................China, Japan
C. indutus Yaginuma, 1960: append. 4, pl. 26, f. 148, f. 101H (Df).
C. nigra Zhang, 1986: 50, f. 4-5 (f, misidentified).
C. i. Yin et al., 1997: 273, f. 183a-d (f).
C. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 162P-Q, 163L (f).
f invenusta Thorell, 1891....................Nicobar Is.
C. i. Thorell, 1891: 55 (Df).
mf ixoides (Simon, 1870)....................Mediterranean to Georgia, Madagascar
Peltosoma i. Simon, 1870b: 315, pl. 3, f. 8 (Df).
Peltosoma tuberculiferum Simon, 1870b: 316, pl. 3, f. 6-7 (Df).
Peniza europaea Ausserer, 1871b: 818, pl. 5, f. 4-7 (Df).
C. tuberculiferum Berland, 1926: 177, f. 4-5 (f, Dm).
C. tuberculiferum Berland, 1927b: 10, f. 1 (mf).
C. i. Simon, 1929: 714, 771.
C. ixodoides Brignoli, 1967f: 134, f. 6 (f).
C. ixodoides Emerit, 1977: 24, f. 1-2 (Dm).
C. ixodoides Levy, 1998a: 314, f. 1-11 (mf).
C. ixodoides Emerit, 2000: 148, f. 3-5 (f).
f lactea Pocock, 1898....................East Africa
C. l. Pocock, 1898e: 446, pl. 13, f. 8 (Df).
f laevis Thorell, 1877....................Sumatra, Flores, Sulawesi
C. l. Thorell, 1877b: 361 (Df).
f latifrons Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
C. l. Hogg, 1900: 102, pl. 15, f. 3 (Df).
f latifrons atuberculata Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
C. l. a. Hogg, 1900: 102, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
f lepida Thorell, 1890....................Sumatra
C. l. Thorell, 1890a: 80 (Df).
f madagascariensis Emerit, 2000....................Madagascar
C. m. Emerit, 2000: 147, f. 1-2 (Df).
f melanoleuca Ono, 1995....................Thailand
C. m. Ono, 1995c: 160, f. 4-6, 24 (Df).
f melanosticta Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
C. m. Thorell, 1895: 206 (Df).
m menghaiensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994....................China
C. m. Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 108, f. 18-21 (Dm).
C. m. Yin et al., 1997: 273, f. 184a-d (m).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 163B-C, M (m).
mf nagasakiensis Strand, 1918....................China, Korea, Japan
C. n. Strand, 1918: 81, pl. 1, f. 15-17 (Df).
C. n. Jo, 1981: 77, f. 1-7 (mf).
C. bengalensis Hu & Li, 1987b: 267, f. 13.1-4 (f, misidentified).
C. n. Chikuni, 1989b: 82, f. 59 (f).
C. n. Feng, 1990: 79, f. 54.1-3 (f).
C. n. Chen & Gao, 1990: 60, f. 72a-b (mf).
C. n. Yin et al., 1997: 274, f. 185a-e (mf).
C. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 162R-S, 163D, N (mf).
f nigra Yaginuma, 1960....................Japan
C. niger Yaginuma, 1960: append. 5, pl. 26, f. 151, f. 101K (Df).
f nodosa Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon, Bioko
C. n. Thorell, 1899: 62 (Df).
j pallida O. P.-Cambridge, 1885....................Yarkand
C. p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1885b: 55 (Dj).
f perspicillata (Doleschall, 1859)....................Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea
Epeira p. Doleschall, 1859: 41, pl. 9, f. 9 (Df).
C. p. Hasselt, 1882: 16, pl. 1, f. 4-5 (f).
f perspicillata possoica Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
C. p. p. Merian, 1911: 242 (Df).
f promilai Tikader, 1963....................India
C. p. Tikader, 1963a: 274, f. 4j-l (Df).
C. p. Tikader, 1982a: 149, f. 277-280 (f).
f raniceps Pocock, 1900....................India, Sri Lanka
C. r. Pocock, 1900a: 229 (Df).
C. r. Tikader, 1961a: 550, f. 2a-c (f, removed from S of C. perspicillata per Roewer).
C. r. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 29, f. 41-42 (f).
C. r. Tikader, 1982a: 145, f. 270-273 (f).
f rubicunda L. Koch, 1871....................New South Wales
C. r. L. Koch, 1871: 18 (Df).
f schmidi Tikader, 1963....................India
C. s. Tikader, 1963a: 271, f. 2d-f (Df).
C. s. Tikader, 1982a: 152, f. 285-288 (f).
f simplex (Karsch, 1878)....................New South Wales
Dema s. Karsch, 1878c: 801 (Df).
j sinicola Strand, 1942....................China
C. sp. Schenkel, 1936b: 127, f. 46 (j).
C. s. Strand, 1942: 396 (Dj).
f sundari Tikader, 1963....................India
C. s. Tikader, 1963a: 271, f. 3g-i (Df).
C. s. Tikader, 1982a: 150, f. 281-284 (f).
f szetschuanensis Schenkel, 1963....................China
C. s. Schenkel, 1963: 174, f. 101 (Df).
C. s. Yin et al., 1997: 275, f. 186a-b (f).
m termitophila Lawrence, 1952....................Congo
C. t. Lawrence, 1952b: 10, f. 6a-d (Dm).
f tricolor (Doleschall, 1859)....................Moluccas to Australia
Plectana t. Doleschall, 1859: 44, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
C. t. Thorell, 1881: 57.
C. t. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 209, f. 57-59, 78 (f).
f tricolor aruana Strand, 1911....................Aru Is.
C. t. a. Strand, 1911d: 155 (Df).
f tuladepilachna Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. t. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 581, f. 361a-e (Df).
j xanthopyga Kulczyn'ski, 1911....................New Guinea
C. x. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 503 (Dj).
mf yunoharuensis Strand, 1918....................China, Japan
C. y. Strand, 1918: 81, pl. 1, f. 12-14 (Df).
C. y. Yaginuma, 1986a: 110, f. 58.3 (m).
C. y. Zhang, 1986: 49, f. 1-3 (mf).
C. y. Chikuni, 1989b: 82, f. 58 (mf).
C. y. Feng, 1990: 78, f. 53.1-4 (f).
C. y. Yin et al., 1997: 276, f. 187a-g (mf).
C. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 162U-V, 163E-F, O (mf).
Transferred to other genera:
C. alayoi Archer, 1958 -- see Kapogea.
C. berlandi (Caporiacco, 1954) -- see Manogea.
C. brasilica (Soares & Camargo, 1948) -- see Manogea.
C. californiensis Keyserling, 1885 -- see Eustala.
C. cyrtophoroides (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) -- see Kapogea.
C. espiritosantensis (Soares & Camargo, 1955) -- see Manogea.
C. davisi (Hingston, 1932) -- see Spilasma.
C. gabonensis (Lucas, 1858) -- see Megaraneus.
C. grammica Simon, 1895 -- see Manogea.
C. guyanensis (Keyserling, 1881) -- see Manogea.
C. lodiculafaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Dolichognatha under Tetragnathidae.
C. nympha Simon, 1895 -- see Kapogea.
C. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) -- see Manogea.
C. sellata Simon, 1895 -- see Kapogea.
C. setospinosa (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) -- see Kapogea.
C. sexnotata Simon, 1895 -- see Kapogea.
C. vachoni Caporiacco, 1954 -- see Azilia under Tetragnathidae.
In synonymy:
C. albopunctata Rainbow, 1898 = C. moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) (Davies & Gallon, 1986: 232).
C. bifurcata (Paik, 1942, T from Cyclosa) = C. exanthematica (Doleschall, 1859) (Yaginuma, 1958c: 14).
C. ikomosanensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) = C. moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1968b: 36).
C. marxi (McCook, 1894, T from Argiope) = C. moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) (Levi, 1968a: 334).
C. orientalis (Nakatsudi, 1943) = C. moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1958c: 13, sub C. ikomosanensis).
C. simoni Rainbow, 1898 = C. moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) (Davies & Gallon, 1986: 232).
Nomina dubia:
C. citricola nigra (Franganillo, 1925: 33, Iberian Peninsula, originally as C. opuntiae n.) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1456.
C. citricola pallida (Franganillo, 1925: 33, Iberian Peninsula, originally as C. opuntiae p.) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1456.
Nomen nudum:
"Suzumia" shimomurai Kishida (Yaginuma, in Brignoli, 1983c: 254).
j acrobalia (Thorell, 1895)....................Myanmar
Epeira a. Thorell, 1895: 173 (Dj, considered a possible member of this genus).
f admiralia Strand, 1913....................Admiralty Is.
C. a. Strand, 1913d: 117 (Df).
C. a. Strand, 1915d: 218, pl. 14, f. 17, pl. 17, f. 63 (f).
mf beccarii (Thorell, 1878)....................Malaysia to New Guinea
Epeira b. Thorell, 1878b: 65 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Workman & Workman, 1892: 5, pl. 5 (f).
C. b. Chrysanthus, 1960: 25, f. 9-13 (mf).
C. b. Chrysanthus, 1972: 157, f. 11-12 (m).
C. b. Koh, 1991: 177, f. 13-14 (f).
f bicauda (Saito, 1933)....................Taiwan
Cyclosa b. Saito, 1933b: 51, pl. 3, f. 31 (Df).
C. b. Tanikawa & Ono, 1993: 51 (Tf from Cyclosa, may =C. exanthematica).
Cyclosa b. Yin et al., 1997: 258, f. 168a-c (f).
Cyclosa b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 263, f. 155V, 160J (f).
f bidenta Tikader, 1970....................India
C. b. Tikader, 1970: 32, f. 20a-c (Df).
C. b. Tikader, 1982a: 174, f. 331-335 (f).
f caudata Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895....................East Africa
C. c. Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 41, pl. 2, f. 22 (Df).
j cephalotes Simon, 1877....................Philippines
C. c. Simon, 1877b: 73, pl. 3, f. 8 (Dj).
mf cicatrosa (Stoliczka, 1869)....................Pakistan to New Guinea
Epeira c. Stoliczka, 1869: 242, pl. 20, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira salebrosa Thorell, 1878b: 48 (Df).
Euetria salebrosa Thorell, 1881: 84, 687.
Meta adspersata Karsch, 1891: 284, pl. 10, f. 8 (Df).
Euetria salebrosa Workman, 1896: 31, pl. 31 (f).
Araneus c. Pocock, 1900a: 226.
C. salebrosa Strand, 1915d: 220.
C. c. Chrysanthus, 1960: 28, f. 19-23 (f, Dm).
C. c. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 32, f. 45-46 (f).
C. c. Tikader, 1982a: 179, f. 341-345 (f).
C. c. Koh, 1991: 179, f. 18-19 (f).
C. cicatorosa Okuma et al., 1993: 29, f. 26A-B (f).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 279, f. 188a-f (f).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 163P-Q, 164O-P, 165A (mf).
mf citricola (Forskål, 1775) *....................Old World, Colombia
Aranea c. Forskål, 1775: 86 (D).
Aranea c. Forskål, 1776: pl. 26, f. D (D).
Epeira opuntiae Dufour, 1820a: 359, pl. 69, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira cacti-opuntiae Lucas, 1838: 40, pl. 6, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1842: 143, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira emarginata Lucas, 1858: 418, pl. 12, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira opuntiae Vinson, 1863: 212, 313, pl. 9, f. 1 (mf, in part).
Epeira flava Vinson, 1863: 222, 313, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira purpurea Vinson, 1863: 225, 313, pl. 8. f. 4 (Df).
C. c. Simon, 1864: 262.
Epeira dorsuosa Blackwall, 1866: 462 (Df).
Epeira opuntiae Simon, 1870b: 314 (Dm).
C. sculptilis L. Koch, 1872a: 128, pl. 9, f. 9 (Df).
C. opuntiae Simon, 1874a: 34, pl. 1, f. 3 (f).
Epeira cajetana Costa, 1882: sep. p. 28.
C. c. Simon, 1895a: 775, f. 845 (m).
Epeira c. Workman, 1896: 32, pl. 32 (f).
Araneus c. Pocock, 1900a: 266, f. 73 (f).
C. c. Tullgren, 1910: 158, pl. 4, f. 96 (f).
C. c. Dyal, 1935: 175, pl. 14, f. 111-115 (f).
C. dorsuosa Roewer, 1942a: 748.
C. c. Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 52 (f).
C. c. Brignoli, 1968d: 86, f. 4-5 (mf).
C. c. Yaginuma, 1968b: 36, f. 6-7 (f).
C. c. Saaristo, 1978: 124, f. 242-254 (mf).
C. c. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 31, f. 43-44 (f).
C. c. Tikader, 1982a: 180, f. 346-350 (f).
C. c. Roberts, 1983: 253, f. 133-138 (mf).
C. c. Yaginuma, 1986a: 118, f. 62.3 (f).
C. c. Chen & Gao, 1990: 60, f. 73a-b (mf).
C. c. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 375, f. 21 (m).
C. c. Levi, 1997: 252, f. 148-156 (mf).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 279, f. 189a-e (mf).
C. c. Levy, 1998a: 323, f. 47-56 (mf).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 163R-S, 165B (f).
f citricola abessinensis Strand, 1906....................Ethiopia
C. c. a. Strand, 1906b: 618 (Df).
f citricola minahassae Merian, 1911....................Sulawesi
C. c. m. Merian, 1911: 211 (Df).
f cordiformis (L. Koch, 1871)....................New Guinea, Queensland, Lord Howe Is.
Epeira c. L. Koch, 1871: 82, pl. 5, f. 7 (Df).
Araneus c. Chrysanthus, 1971: 26, f. 43-44 (f).
C. c. Gray, 1974: 51 (Tf from Araneus).
mf cylindroides (Walckenaer, 1842)....................China to Australia
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1842: 136 (Df).
Epeira viridipes Doleschall, 1859: 29, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira nephelina L. Koch, 1871: 90, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira viridipes Keyserling, 1887a: 167, pl. 14, f. 3 (Dm).
C. c. Pocock, 1898b: 462.
C. c. Chrysanthus, 1959: 200, f. 6, 10, 25 (f).
C. c. Chrysanthus, 1960: 25, f. 1-2 (m).
C. c. Yin et al., 1990: 67, f. 169-170 (f).
C. c. Yin et al., 1997: 280, f. 190a-c (f).
C. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 164A, D, 165C (f).
j cylindroides scalaris Strand, 1915....................New Britain
C. viridipes s. Strand, 1915d: 220, pl. 14, f. 22 (Dj).
j diazoma (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Epeira d. Thorell, 1890a: 127 (Dj).
C. d. Roewer, 1942a: 749.
f doriae (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.
Epeira d. Thorell, 1881: 81 (Df).
C. d. Strand, 1915d: 219.
f eczematica (Thorell, 1892)....................Malaysia, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea
Epeira e. Thorell, 1892a: 231 (Df).
Epeira e. Workman, 1896: 45, pl. 45 (f).
C. e. Simon, 1895a: 771.
mf exanthematica (Doleschall, 1859)....................Myanmar to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira e. Doleschall, 1859: 38, pl. 3, f. 3, pl. 11, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1887a: 184, pl. 16, f. 2 (f).
Epeira e. Workman, 1896: 44, pl. 44 (f).
Araneus exanthematicus Pocock, 1900a: 227.
Cyclosa bifurcata Paik, 1942: 104, f. 4-5 (Df).
Chinestela e. Archer, 1951b: 5 (Tmf from Cyrtophora, rejected).
C. e. Yaginuma, 1958c: 14, f. 3I-L (mf, S).
C. e. Yaginuma, 1960: 65, f. 61 (mf).
C. e. Lee, 1966: 47, f. 15d-f, h (mf).
C. e. Yaginuma, 1968b: 38, f. 3-5 (f).
C. e. Yaginuma, 1971: 65, f. 61 (mf).
C. e. Hu, 1984: 112, f. 110.1-2 (f).
C. e. Yaginuma, 1986a: 117, f. 62.2 (f).
C. e. Chikuni, 1989b: 81, f. 54 (f).
C. e. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 585, f. 364a-g (f).
C. e. Yin et al., 1997: 281, f. 191a-d (mf).
C. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 279, f. 164B, E, Q (mf).
mf feai (Thorell, 1887)....................India to Myanmar
Euetria feae Thorell, 1887: 173 (Dmf; patronym for Fea).
Araneus feae Pocock, 1900a: 226.
C. feae Tikader, 1982a: 176, f. 336-340 (f).
f forbesi (Thorell, 1890)....................Sumatra
Euetria f. Thorell, 1890a: 111 (Df).
f gemmosa Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon
C. g. Thorell, 1899: 43 (Df).
C. margaritata Pocock, 1899e: 854, pl. 55, f. 4 (Df).
mf guangxiensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. g. Yin et al., 1990: 67, f. 171-174 (Dmf).
C. g. Yin et al., 1997: 282, f. 192a-e (mf).
C. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 164C, F, R, 165D (mf).
f hainanensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. cicatrosus Feng, 1990: 81, f. 56.1-3 (f, misidentified).
C. h. Yin et al., 1990: 70, f. 175-177 (Df).
C. h. Yin et al., 1997: 283, f. 193a-f (f).
C. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 164G, J, 165E (f).
f hirta L. Koch, 1872....................Queensland
C. h. L. Koch, 1872a: 125, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df).
?? jabalpurensis Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999....................India
C. j. Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999i: 29, f. ?? (D??, paper not seen).
f koronadalensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. k. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 590, f. 367a-h (Df).
f ksudra Sherriffs, 1928....................India
C. k. Sherriffs, 1928: 190 (Df).
f lacunaris Yin et al., 1990....................China
C. l. Yin et al., 1990: 71, f. 178-180 (Df).
C. l. Yin et al., 1997: 284, f. 194a-d (f).
C. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 164H, K, 165F (f).
f larinioides Simon, 1895....................Cameroon
C. l. Simon, 1895g: 155 (Df).
f leucopicta (Urquhart, 1890)....................Fiji
Argiope leuco-picta Urquhart, 1890a: 234 (Df).
C. l. Levi, 1983: 260 (Tf from Argiope).
f limbata (Thorell, 1898)....................Myanmar
Euetria l. Thorell, 1898: 351 (Df).
f lineata Kulczyn'ski, 1910....................Solomon Is., Bismarck Arch.
C. l. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 394, pl. 17, f. 6-7 (Df).
mf moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857)....................India to Japan, Australia
Epeira m. Doleschall, 1857: 418 (Df).
Epeira maritima Keyserling, 1865: 813, pl. 18, f. 22-23 (Df).
Epeira hieroglyphica L. Koch, 1871: 89, pl. 7, f. 8 (Dm).
Euetria m. Thorell, 1890a: 111.
Argiope marxii McCook, 1894: 223, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
C. m. Simon, 1895a: 770, f. 846 (m).
Araneus m. Pocock, 1897c: 599, pl. 25, f. 9 (f).
C. simoni Rainbow, 1898a: 337, pl. 7, f. 4 (Df).
C. albopunctata Rainbow, 1898a: 339, pl. 7, f. 5 (Df).
Aranea ikomosanensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 234, pl. 11, f. 224 (Df).
C. m. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 394, pl. 17, f. 5 (f).
Araneus ikomosanensis Saito, 1939: 18.
Suzumia m. Nakatsudi, 1943a: 160, f. 9, pl. XXIII, f. 1 (f).
Suzumia orientalis Nakatsudi, 1943b: 185, f. 2F-H, 3A-E (mf).
C. ikomosensis Yaginuma, 1958c: 13, f. 2A-E (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1958c: 14, f. 2F-H (mf).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1959: 199, f. 1, 9, 30 (f).
C. ikomosensis Yaginuma, 1960: 65, f. 61 (mf).
C. ikomasenensis Yaginuma, 1962c: 30 (invalid emendation).
C. m. Lee, 1966: 47, f. 15a-c, i (mf).
C. m. Levi, 1968a: 334 (S).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1968b: 36, f. 1-2 (mf, S).
C. ikomasanensis Yaginuma, 1971: 65, f. 61 (mf).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1971: 19, f. 31-33 (m).
C. m. Tikader, 1982a: 172, f. 326-330 (f).
C. m. Hu, 1984: 112, f. 109.1-3 (mf).
C. m. Davies & Gallon, 1986: 232-233 (S).
C. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 117, f. 62.1 (mf).
C. m. Davies, 1988b: 320, f. 42 (mf).
C. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 81, f. 53 (mf).
C. m. Feng, 1990: 82, f. 57.1-4 (mf).
C. m. Chen & Gao, 1990: 61, f. 74a-b (mf).
C. m. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 105, f. 99.1-4 (mf).
C. m. Koh, 1991: 179, f. 15-17 (f).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 872, f. 38A-C (mf).
C. m. Yin et al., 1997: 285, f. 195a-g (mf).
C. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 164I, L. S (mf).
f moluccensis albidinota Strand,, 1911....................Caroline Is., Palau, Yap
C. m. a. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
C. m. a. Strand, 1915d: 217, pl. 17, f. 66 (f).
f moluccensis bukae Strand, 1911....................Solomon Is.
C. m. b. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
C. m. b. Strand, 1915d: 217, pl. 17, f. 67 (f).
f moluccensis cupidinea Thorell, 1875....................New Caledonia
Epeira c. Thorell, 1875e: 135, pl. 25, f. 3 (Df).
C. m. c. Strand, 1911b: 203.
f moluccensis margaritacea (Doleschall, 1859)....................Java
Epeira m. Doleschall, 1859: 29, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
C. m. m. Strand, 1911b: 203.
f moluccensis rubicundinota Strand, 1911....................Keule Is., near New Guinea
C. m. r. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
C. m. r. Strand, 1915d: 217, pl. 14, f. 18 (f).
mf monulfi Chrysanthus, 1960....................New Guinea
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1960: 26, f. 14-18 (Df).
C. m. Chrysanthus, 1972: 157, f. 5-10 (Dm).
f parangexanthematica Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
C. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 586, f. 365a-g (Df).
f parnasia L. Koch, 1872....................Australia, Tasmania
C. p. L. Koch, 1872a: 126, pl. 9, f. 8 (Df).
C. p. Hickman, 1928: 172, f. 8.
f petersi Karsch, 1878....................Mozambique
C. p. Karsch, 1878a: 321, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
mf subacalypha (Simon, 1882)....................Yemen
Epeira s. Simon, 1882b: 232 (Dmf).
C. acalyphoides Simon, 1890a: 102 (lapsus).
f unicolor (Doleschall, 1857)....................Sri Lanka to Philippines, Australia
Epeira u. Doleschall, 1857: 419 (D).
Epeira u. Doleschall, 1859: pl. 2, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira stigmatisata Karsch, 1878c: 326, pl. 9, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira stigmatisata Hasselt, 1882: 21, pl. 4, f. 5 (f).
Epeira stigmatisata serrata Thorell, 1890a: 33.
Epeira u. Workman & Workman, 1894: 20, pl. 20 (f).
Araneus u. Pocock, 1897c: 600, pl. 25, f. 10 (f).
C. u. Chrysanthus, 1959: 201, f. 3, 7, 26 (f).
C. u. Yaginuma, 1968b: 36, f. 8-9 (f).
C. u. Yaginuma, 1986a: 117, f. 62.4 (f).
C. u. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 587, f. 366a-i (f).
C. u. Yin et al., 1997: 287, f. 196a-c (f).
C. u. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 164M-N, 165G (f).
mf clypeata (L. Koch, 1871)....................Moluccas, Australia
Tholia c. L. Koch, 1871: 23, pl. 4, f. 5 (Dmf).
D. clypeatus Simon, 1895a: 903.
f conifera (Keyserling, 1886)....................Australia
Tholia c. Keyserling, 1886a: 109, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df).
D. conifer Simon, 1908d: 429.
mf elfordi Dunn & Dunn, 1946....................Victoria
D. e. Dunn & Dunn, 1946: 89, f. 3-4 (Df; N.B.: omitted by Brignoli).
f intricata Rainbow, 1915....................South Australia
D. i. Rainbow, 1915: 782, pl. 67, f. 9-10 (Df).
f macleayi (Bradley, 1876)....................Queensland
Tholia m. Bradley, 1876a: 140, pl. 1, f. 2 (Df).
D. m. Simon, 1895a: 903.
mf mammeata (Keyserling, 1886)....................Australia
Tholia m. Keyserling, 1886a: 107, pl. 8, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
D. mammeatus Hogg, 1900: 75.
f maxima Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
D. maximus Hogg, 1900: 104, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
f nasalis (Butler, 1876)....................Queensland
Tholia n. Butler, 1876a: 349, pl. 10, f. 4-5 (Df).
D. n. Simon, 1895a: 903.
mf notacantha (Quoy & Gaimarg, 1824) *....................New South Wales
Aranea n. Quoy & Gaimarg, 1824: 544, pl. 81, f. 6-8 (Dmf).
D. n. Walckenaer, 1837: 383.
Tholia n. Karsch, 1886e: 300.
f peltata (Keyserling, 1886)....................Australia, Lord Howe Is.
Tholia p. Keyserling, 1886a: 100, pl. 7, f. 6 (Df).
D. p. Rainbow, 1909: 233.
mf pilosa (Keyserling, 1886)....................Australia
Tholia p. Keyserling, 1886a: 105, pl. 8, f. 3 (Dmf).
D. pilosus Hogg, 1900: 74.
m simpla (Keyserling, 1886)....................New South Wales
Tholia s. Keyserling, 1886a: 110, pl. 8, f. 7 (Dm).
D. simplex Simon, 1896a: 348.
mf testudinea (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia, New Caledonia
Tholia t. L. Koch, 1871: 20, pl. 2, f. 2; p. 204, pl. 18, f. 4 (Dmf).
D. t. Simon, 1895a: 902, f. 968, 970 (f).
f thomisoides Rainbow, 1915....................South Australia
D. t. Rainbow, 1915: 782, pl. 68, f. 11 (Df).
mf tuberculata (Keyserling, 1886)....................New South Wales
Tholia t. Keyserling, 1886a: 102, pl. 7, f. 7, pl. 8, f. 1 (Dmf).
D. t. Davies, 1988b: 308, f. 28 (mf).
f turrigera (L. Koch, 1867)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Gasteracantha t. L. Koch, 1867b: 173 (Df).
Tholia t. L. Koch, 1871: 22, pl. 1, f. 3 (f).
D. t. Butler, 1933: 280, pl. 17, f. 2.
f amablemaria Levi, 1991....................Peru
D. a. Levi, 1991a: 296, f. 540-542 (Df).
mf amacayacu Levi, 1991....................Colombia, Peru, Brazil
D. a. Levi, 1991a: 296, f. 531-535 (Dmf).
mf dubitata (Soares & Camargo, 1948) *....................Venezuela to Brazil
Metepeira d. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 375, f. 30-31 (Df).
D. d. Levi, 1991a: 292, f. 520-526 (Tf from Metepeira, Dm).
f lamolina Levi, 1991....................Ecuador, Peru
D. l. Levi, 1991a: 296, f. 536-539 (Df).
f neptunina (Mello-Leitão, 1948)....................Colombia, Peru, Guyana
Neosconella n. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 170, f. 13-14 (Df).
Araneus neptuninus Brignoli, 1983c: 263.
D. n. Levi, 1991a: 294, f. 527-530 (Tf from Araneus).
Transferred to other genera:
E. atomarius (Simon, 1895) -- see Alpaida.
E. cayana (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Witica.
E. crassicaudus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Witica.
E. ensifer Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Alpaida.
E. eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1943 -- see Wagneriana.
E. tricuspis (Gétaz, 1893) -- see Witica.
E. truncatus (Keyserling, 1865) -- see Alpaida.
Nomen dubium:
E. rubricornis Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 204 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1991b: 367.
mf productus O. P.-Cambridge, 1896....................Mexico
E. p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1896a: 186, pl. 23, f. 5 (Dm).
E. p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 500, pl. 49, f. 26 (m).
E. p. Levi, 1991b: 367, f. 1-8 (m, Df).
mf spiniger O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 *....................Panama to Ecuador
E. spinigerus O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 58, pl. 4, f. 1 (Dm).
E. spinigerus Keyserling, 1892: 33, pl. 2, f. 30 (m).
E. spinigerus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 500, pl. 49, f. 25 (m).
E. spinigerus Levi, 1991b: 368, f. 9-15 (m, Df).
Nomen dubium:
E. quadrituberculatum (Simon, 1876d: 88, f, South America, originally in Acrosoma) -- Levi, 1996b: 146.
mf anomalum (Taczanowski, 1873) *....................Colombia, Peru to Brazil, French Guiana
Epeira anomala Taczanowski, 1873: 144, pl. 5, f. 19 (Dmf).
Gasteracantha anomala Taczanowski, 1879: 108.
Glyptogona sexlobata Simon, 1895a: 866, f. 928-929 (f).
Glyptogona sexlobata Simon, 1895g: 160 (Df).
Micrathena anomala Simon, 1895a: 862.
Glyptogona leprosa Simon, 1897b: 471 (Dmf).
E. a. Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 78.
E. a. Levi, 1996b: 148, f. 339-345 (mf, S).
m decemtuberculatum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala
Cyrtarachne decem-tuberculata O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 59, pl. 4, f. 4 (Dm).
Cyrtarachne 10-tuberculata Keyserling, 1892: 57, pl. 3, f. 45 (m).
Glyptogona decem-tuberculata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 523.
E. d. Levi, 1996b: 151, f. 358 (Tm from Glyptogona).
mf frenca Levi, 1996....................Mexico to Panama
E. f. Levi, 1996b: 147, f. 322-338 (Dmf).
f javium Levi, 1996....................Costa Rica, Panama
E. j. Levi, 1996b: 150, f. 346-349 (Df).
f multilobatum (Simon, 1897)....................Peru
Glyptogona multilobata Simon, 1897b: 472 (Df).
E. m. Levi, 1996b: 151, f. 354-357 (Tf from Glyptogona).
f quizarra Levi, 1996....................Costa Rica
E. q. Levi, 1996b: 151, f. 350-353 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
E. albocincta Mello-Leitão, 1945 -- see Alpaida.
E. tubulofaciens (Hingston, 1932) -- see Micrepeira.
f tucumana Mello-Leitão, 1941 *....................Brazil
E. t. Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 149, pl. VII, f. 31 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
E. albonotatus Mello-Leitão, 1945 -- see Alpaida.
E. lamprus Soares & Camargo, 1948 -- see Verrucosa.
mf bahiensis (Keyserling, 1885) *....................Costa Rica to Brazil
E. b. Keyserling, 1885: 524, pl. 13, f. 23 (Df).
E. b. Keyserling, 1893: 307, pl. 15, f. 227 (f).
E. b. Göldi, 1899: 161, pl. 9, f. 1-10 (f, Dm).
Araneus b. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 281.
E. b. Levi, 1989, f. 1-10 (mf).
Transferred to other genera:
E. aeronavis Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Parawixia.
E. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) -- see Parawixia.
E. burmeisteri (Holmberg, 1876) -- see Parawixia.
E. omnicolor (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Araneus.
E. wagenknechti Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Molinaranea.
In synonymy:
E. acacesiiformis (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = E. nephiloides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
E. annulata (Keyserling, 1886, T from Araneus, where omitted by Roewer) = E. heroine (L. Koch, 1871) (Dondale, 1966: 1168, sub Araneus).
E. argyronota (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Araneus) = E. edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
E. balaustina (McCook, 1888, removed from S of E. circulata) = E. ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
E. blattea (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = E. pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 104).
E. brouni (Urquhart, 1885, T from Araneus) = E. heroine (L. Koch, 1871) (Court & Forster, 1988: 100; f only; Urquhart's m = E. pustulosa).
E. capitalis (L. Koch, 1871, T from Araneus) = E. transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) (Dondale, 1966: 1164, sub Araneus).
E. edax cauca (Strand, 1915) = E. edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1971b: 296).
E. flava Zhu & Song, 1994 = E. sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) (Tanikawa, 2000a: 24).
E. flavomaculata (Yaginuma, 1955) = E. sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) (Yaginuma, 1977c: 386, sub Zilla).
E. geayi (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Araneus) = E. edax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1991a: 178).
E. hispida (C. L. Koch, 1844, T from Araneus) = E. fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
E. leucisca (Urquhart, 1892, T from Araneus) = E. pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 104).
E. messalina (Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus) = E. fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
E. migra Zhu & Song, 1994 = E. astridae (Strand, 1917) (Tanikawa, 2000a: 22, sub E. sagana).
E. minax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893) = E. ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
E. musiva (Hasselt, 1888, T from Araneus, nomen oblitum) = E. nephiloides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1991a: 179).
E. nicaraguensis (Keyserling, 1885) = E. ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
E. producta (L. Koch, 1867) = E. transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) (Dondale, 1966: 1164, sub Araneus).
E. purpurascens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) = E. fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
E. thyridota (Thorell, 1870, T from Araneus) = E. transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) (Dondale, 1966: 1164, sub Araneus).
E. tokachiana (Saito, 1934, T from Zilla) = E. sachalinensis (Saito, 1934) (Tanikawa, 2000a: 24, after Yaginuma, 1986).
E. trapezoides (Karsch, 1879, T from Singa) = E. fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
E. ursina (Keyserling, 1865) = E. fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Levi, 1971b: 290).
E. variolata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, removed from S of E. edax) = E. ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1971b: 287).
E. viridis (Keyserling, 1865, T from Araneus) = E. transmarina (Keyserling, 1865) (Dondale, 1966: 1164, sub Araneus).
Nomina dubia:
E. bivariolata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 27, pl. 6, f. 15, mf) -- Levi, 1971b: 287.
E. circulata (Walckenaer, 1842: 79, f, originally in Epeira) -- Levi, 1971b: 286.
E. nephiloides trapezoidalis (Franganillo, 1930: 30, f, 1946: 98, f. 3, m, Cuba, T from Araneus by Brignoli, 1983c: 268) -- Levi, 1991a: 181.
mf astridae (Strand, 1917)....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
Aranea sagana Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 233, pl. 11, f. 212 (Df; preoccupied).
Aranea a. Strand, 1917c: 71 (replacement name).
Zilla sagana Yaginuma, 1955a: 22, pl. II, f. 1-7 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus a. Yaginuma, 1956d: 26.
Zilla a. Yaginuma, 1960: 58, f. 56.6-8 (f).
Zilla a. Lee, 1966: 42, f. 12f-i (f).
Zilla a. Yaginuma, 1971: 58, f. 56.6-8 (f).
Zilla a. Hu, 1984: 128, f. 128.1-2 (f).
Zilla a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 106, f. 56.2 (mf).
Zilla a. Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 62, f. 1-4 (f).
Zilla a. Kim et al., 1988: 146, f. 1-5 (f).
Zilla a. Chikuni, 1989b: 74, f. 37 (mf).
Zilla a. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 104, f. 97.1-5 (mf).
E. migra Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 40, f. 15A-D (Dm).
E. migra Yin et al., 1997: 289, f. 198a-d (m).
Zilla a. Yin et al., 1997: 397, f. 287a-d (f).
Zilla a. Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 75, f. 24, 48 (m).
E. migra Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165M, 166B, G (m).
Zilla a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184J-K (f).
E. sagana Tanikawa, 2000a: 22, f. 4-6, 11-14 (Tmf from Zilla, using name replaced before 1961, S).
mf aurea (Saito, 1934)....................Japan
Argiope a. Saito, 1934b: 316, pl. 13, f. 20, pl. 15, f. 63 (Df).
Argiope a. Saito, 1959: 99, f. 114a-d (f).
Zilla a. Ono, 1975a: 21, f. 8-10 (Tf from Argiope).
Araneus aureus Levi, 1983: 260 (Tf from Zilla).
Zilla a. Chikuni, 1989b: 75, f. 39 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
E. a. Tanikawa, 2000a: 25, f. 8, 18-21 (Tmf from Zilla).
mf biapicata (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia
Epeira b. L. Koch, 1871: 54, pl. 4, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus transmarinus Dondale, 1966: 1164 (S, rejected).
E. b. Davies, 1980b: 128, f. 9-15 (removed f from S of E. transmarina, Dm).
f collina (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1886a: 141, pl. 11, f. 5 (Df).
E. c. Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tf from Araneus).
mf decorosa (Urquhart, 1894)....................New Zealand
Epeira decorosa Urquhart, 1894: 212 (Df).
E. d. Court & Forster, 1988: 110, f. 351, 531-538 (removed f from S of E. pustulosa, Dm).
mf edax (Blackwall, 1863)....................USA to Brazil
Epeira e. Blackwall, 1863a: 30 (Dmf).
E. e. Banks, 1909a: 210.
Araneus e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Aranea e. cauca Strand, 1916b: 111 (Df).
E. e. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 325, f. 205-207 (mf).
Araneus argyronotus Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 111, f. 14 (Df).
E. e. Bryant, 1948a: 62, f. 7 (f).
Araniella geayi Caporiacco, 1954: 104, f. 24 (Df).
E. e. Levi, 1971b: 296, f. 35-48 (mf, S).
Araneus geayi Levi, 1974b: 293 (Tf from Araniella).
E. e. Levi, 1991a: 177-178 (S).
mf flavicoma (Simon, 1880)....................New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
Epeira f. Simon, 1880i: 168 (Df).
Araneus f. Berland, 1924a: 220 (Dm).
E. f. Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf fuliginea (C. L. Koch, 1838)....................Honduras to Brazil
Epeira f. C. L. Koch, 1838: 58, f. 375 (Df).
Epeira hispida C. L. Koch, 1844: 71, f. 889 (Dm).
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1865: 822, pl. 19, f. 3-5 (Df).
Epeira trapezoides Karsch, 1879h: 107 (Df).
Epeira messalina Hasselt, 1888: 181, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Df).
Epeira purpurascens O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 33, pl. 7, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
Epeira purpurescens Keyserling, 1893: 226, pl. 11, f. 168 (mf).
Epeira ursina Keyserling, 1893: 229, pl. 11, f. 170 (f).
Araneus fuligineus Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus hispidus Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus messalina Simon, 1895a: 803.
Araneus purpurascens Simon, 1897d: 873.
E. purpurascens F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 463, pl. 43, f. 14-15 (mf).
Araneus trapezoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319.
Araneus ursinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
E. ursina Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 254 (Tf from Araneus)
Singa trapezoides Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 260 (Tf from Araneus).
E. f. Levi, 1971b: 290, f. 25-34 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf heroine (L. Koch, 1871)....................Australia, New Zealand
Epeira h. L. Koch, 1871: 51, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira brounii Urquhart, 1885: 32, pl. 10, f. 5 (Df, not m).
Epeira brounii indistincta Urquhart, 1885: 33 (D).
Epeira h. Keyserling, 1886a: 138, pl. 11, f. 3 (Dm).
Epeira annulata Keyserling, 1886a: 141 (D).
Araneus brouni Dalmas, 1917a: 383, f. 47-48, 50 (mf).
Araneus h. Dondale, 1966: 1166, f. 2A-C (mf, S).
Araneus h. Hickman, 1967: 65, f. 115-117 (mf).
Araneus h. Gibbs, 1982: 4, f. 1 (f).
E. h. Court & Forster, 1988: 100, f. 352, 504-506, 508-513 (Tmf from Araneus, S; see note under Neoscona orientalis).
mf nephiloides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Guyana
Epeira musiva Hasselt, 1888: 184, pl. 5, f. 5-7 (Df; nomen oblitum).
Epeira n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 32, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Df).
Epeira n. McCook, 1894: 190, pl. 14, f. 5-6, pl. 22, f. 3 (f).
Epeira n. Keyserling, 1893: 222, pl. 11, f. 165 (f).
Araneus musivus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 305.
Araneus n. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Aranea n. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 511, pl. 48, f. 22 (f).
E. n. Banks, 1909a: 210.
Araneus acacesiiformis Caporiacco, 1954: 108, f. 27, 27a (Df).
E. n. Levi, 1971b: 298, f. 49-58 (f, Dm).
E. n. Levi, 1991a: 177-179 (S).
mf neufvilleorum (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo, Ethiopia
Araneus n. Lessert, 1930: 641, f. 17-18 (Dmf).
E. n. Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus).
m oculosa Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
E. o. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 38, f. 13A-F (Dm).
E. o. Yin et al., 1997: 290, f. 199a-f (m).
E. o. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165L, 166C, H (m).
mf pustulosa (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand
Epeira p. Walckenaer, 1842: 132 (Df).
Epeira verrucosa Walckenaer, 1842: 135 (Df).
Epeira verrucosa Keyserling, 1864: 139, pl. 6, f. 20-21 (f).
Epeira verrucosa L. Koch, 1872a: 112, pl. 9, f. 4 (f, Dm).
Epeira brounii Urquhart, 1885: 32, pl. 10, f. 5 (m, misidentified).
Epeira corrugatum Urquhart, 1887: 72, pl. 7, f. 1 (Dmf).
Epeira pocillator Urquhart, 1887: 74 (Dmf).
Epeira oblitera Urquhart, 1887: 77 (Df).
Epeira mulleola Urquhart, 1888: 118, pl. 41, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira helveo-guttata Urquhart, 1888: 119 (Df).
Epeira mulleola Urquhart, 1889a: 147 (Dm).
Epeira ostri-brunnea Urquhart, 1890c: 243, 250, pl. 17, f. 5 (Dmf).
Epeira atri-apiata Urquhart, 1891a: 156 (Dm).
Epeira simulata Urquhart, 1892b: 242 (Df).
Epeira leucisca Urquhart, 1892b: 245 (Df).
Epeira blattea Urquhart, 1893a: 179 (Dm).
Araneus p. Dalmas, 1917a: 379, f. 46, 49 (mf).
Araneus pustulosus Main, 1964: 100, f. G (f).
Araneus pustulosus Hickman, 1967: 64, f. 112-114 (mf).
Aranea p. Forster, 1967: 17, f. 10, 31 (mf).
Araneus pustulosus Forster & Forster, 1973: 27, f. 3c, 6c (mf).
Araneus pustulosus Main, 1977b: 100, f. 5 (f).
E. p. Court & Forster, 1988: 104, f. 353, 516-530 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
mf ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) *....................USA to Brazil
Epeira r. C. L. Koch, 1844: 73, f. 890 (Df).
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1885: 532, pl. 13, f. 31 (Df).
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1888b: 198 (Df).
Epeira variolata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 46, pl. 6, f. 14 (Dmf).
Epeira bivariolata Keyserling, 1892: 100, pl. 5, f. 74 (m, using nomen dubium).
Epeira nicaraguensis Keyserling, 1893: 214, pl. 10, f. 159 (f).
Epeira minax O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 112, pl. 15, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira balaustina McCook, 1894: 155, pl. 4, f. 2 (f).
Epeira bivariolata McCook, 1894: 159, pl. 5, f. 5-6 (mf, using nomen dubium).
Epeira r. McCook, 1894: 161, pl. 5, f. 7 (f, Dm).
Eustala variolata Simon, 1897d: 873.
E. variolata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 464.
E. minax F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 3 (f).
Epeira bivariolata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 464, pl. 44, f. 1-2 (mf, using nomen dubium).
E. r. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 465.
Aranea nicaraguensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
E. balaustina Banks, 1909b: 161.
Araneus balaustinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 281.
Araneus minax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
Araneus nicaraguensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Araneus ravillus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Araneus variolatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
E. circulata Comstock, 1940: 117, 517, f. 108-111, 538 (m).
E. nicaraguensis Mello-Leitão, 1948: 164 (Tf from Araneus).
E. r. Levi, 1971b: 286, f. 7-24 (mf, S).
E. r. Breene et al., 1993: 103, f. 154A-D (mf).
mf sachalinensis (Saito, 1934)....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
Argiope s. Saito, 1934a: 332, f. 6 (Df).
Araneus tokachianus Saito, 1934b: 326, pl. 13, f. 22, pl. 15, f. 65 (Df).
Zilla s. Yaginuma, 1955a: 21, pl. II, f. 8-12 (Tmf from Argiope).
Zilla tokachianus Yaginuma, 1955a: 21 (Tf from Araneus).
Zilla flavomaculata Yaginuma, 1955a: 22, pl. II, f. 13-20 (Dmf).
Araneus tokachianus Saito, 1959: 90, f. 105a-c (f).
Araneus s. Saito, 1959: 110, f. 131a-d (f).
Zilla s. Yaginuma, 1960: 57, f. 56.1-3 (mf).
Zilla flavomaculata Yaginuma, 1960: 57, f. 56.4-5 (f).
Zilla s. Namkung, 1964: 38, f. 26 (f).
Zilla s. Arita, 1970: 27, f. 5-6 (f).
Zilla s. Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 56.1-3 (mf).
Zilla flavomaculata Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 56.4-5 (f).
Zilla s. Yaginuma, 1977c: 386 (S).
Zilla s. Nishikawa, 1977b: 365, f. 1-8 (f).
Zilla s. Wang & Zhu, 1982: 44, f. 1b, 2a-d (mf).
Araneus s. Levi, 1983: 262.
Zilla s. Hu, 1984: 128, f. 129.1-6 (mf).
Zilla s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 105, f. 56.1 (mf).
Zilla s. Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 63, f. 5-7 (f).
Zilla s. Chikuni, 1989b: 74, f. 36 (mf).
Zilla s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 105, f. 98.1-4 (mf).
E. flava Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 37, f. 12A-C (Dm).
E. flava Yin et al., 1997: 288, f. 197a-d (m).
Zilla s. Yin et al., 1997: 402, f. 292a-f (mf).
Zilla s. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1718, f. 21a-b (f).
Zilla s. Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 76, f. 25, 49 (m).
E. flava Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165J-K, 166A, F (m).
Zilla s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184T-U, 185E-F, Q (mf).
E. s. Tanikawa, 2000a: 23, f. 7, 15-17 (Tmf from Zilla, S).
m shaanxiensis Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
E. s. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 39, f. 14A-C (Dm).
E. s. Yin et al., 1997: 291, f. 200a-c (m).
E. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165N, 166D (m).
mf transmarina (Keyserling, 1865)....................New Guinea, Australia, Samoa
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1865: 814, pl. 18, f. 15-16 (Df).
Epeira viridis Keyserling, 1865: 812, pl. 18, f. 11-12 (Df).
Epeira producta L. Koch, 1867b: 178 (Df).
Epeira thyridota Thorell, 1870c: 367 (Df).
Epeira thyridota L. Koch, 1871: 52, pl. 4, f. 3, pl. 7, f. 1 (f, Dm).
Epeira producta L. Koch, 1871: 55, pl. 4, f. 5-7 (f, Dm).
Epeira capitalis L. Koch, 1871: 58, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1887a: 139, pl. 1, f. 4 (Dm).
Epeira capitalis Hogg, 1899: 139, pl. 13, f. 3, 4b (f).
Epeira producta Hogg, 1899: 139, pl. 13, f. 4, 4a (f).
Araneus productus Rainbow, 1909: 222.
Aranea producta Strand, 1913c: 608.
Araneus capitalis Berland, 1938: 173, f. 129-130 (Dm).
E. producta Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus).
E. t. Archer, 1951a: 21 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus productus Chrysanthus, 1960: 30, f. 34, 47, 64, 71 (mf).
Araneus transmarinus Main, 1964: 100, f. B-F (f).
Araneus transmarinus Dondale, 1966: 1164, f. 2D-G (mf, S).
E. t. Davies, 1980b: 126, f. 1-8, pl. IB (mf, S).
E. t. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 24 (mf).
m tricentra Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
E. t. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 41, f. 16A-D (Dm).
E. t. Yin et al., 1997: 292, f. 201a-d (m).
E. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165O, 166E, I (m).
f wangi Zhu & Song, 1994....................China
E. w. Zhu & Song, in Zhu et al, 1994: 42, f. 17A-C (Df).
E. w. Yin et al., 1997: 293, f. 202a-c (f).
E. w. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 280, f. 165H-I, 166J (f).
mf yanbaruensis Tanikawa, 2000....................Japan
E. y. Tanikawa, 2000a: 20, f. 9-10, 22-25 (Dmf).
Transferred to other genera:
E. porcula (Simon, 1877) -- see Heurodes.
mf cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963)....................China
Araneus c. Schenkel, 1963: 162, f. 95a-g (Dmf).
Araneus cavalierei Brignoli, 1983c: 257.
Araneus c. Song, 1987: 160, f. 120 (m).
Araneus c. Feng, 1990: 53, f. 28.1-2 (f).
E. c. Yin et al., 1997: 295, f. 203a-h (Tmf from Araneus).
E. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 165K-L, 167D-E, G (mf).
f enshiensis (Yin & Zhao, 1994)....................China
Neoscona e. Yin & Zhao, 1994: 4, f. 17-21 (Df).
E. e. Yin et al., 1997: 297, f. 204a-e (Tf from Neoscona).
E. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 166M-N, 167H (f).
mf excelsa (Simon, 1889)....................India, Pakistan, Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan
Glyptogona e. Simon 1889i: 337 (Df).
Araneus excelsus Simon, 1906c: 283.
Araneus excelsus Dyal, 1935: 179, pl. 16, f. 116 (f).
Neoscona excelsus Tikader & Bal, 1981: 25, f. 50-54 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus excelsus Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 20, f. 16-18 (f).
Neoscona excelsus Tikader, 1982a: 261, f. 520-524 (mf).
E. e. Grasshoff, 1986: 118 (Tmf from Neoscona).
E. e. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 643, f. 409a-f (f).
E. e. Tso & Tanikawa, 2000: 129, f. 17-22 (mf).
f hainanensis (Yin et al., 1990)....................China
Neoscona h. Yin et al., 1990: 110, f. 270-275 (Df).
E. h. Yin et al., 1997: 297, f. 205a-f (Tf from Neoscona).
E. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 166O-P, 167I (f).
mf laglaizei (Simon, 1877)....................India, China to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira thomisoides Doleschall, 1857: 422 (Df; preoccupied).
Epeira thomisoides Doleschall, 1859: pl. 2, f. 2 (f).
Epeira laglaisei Simon, 1877b: 77 (Df, lapsus).
Epeira thelura Thorell, 1878b: 84 (replacement name for E. thomisoides).
Araneus l. Simon, 1895a: 820, f. 871-872 (f, Dm).
Epeira l. Workman, 1896: 41, pl. 41 (f).
Aranea l. thelura Strand, 1911d: 224.
Aranea l. Roewer, 1938: 41, f. 29 (f).
Simonarachne laglaizei Archer, 1951b: 28 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus l. Chrysanthus, 1960: 39, f. 50, 56, 75 (f).
Araneus l. Chrysanthus, 1971: 28, f. 45-47 (m).
Neoscona l. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 27, f. 55-58 (Tmf from Araneus).
Neoscona l. Tikader, 1982a: 263, f. 525-528 (f).
Araneus l. Yaginuma & Wen, 1983: 196, f. 5A-D (f).
E. l. Grasshoff, 1986: 118 (Tmf from Neoscona).
Araneus l. Song, 1987: 163, f. 124 (f).
Neoscona laglaizai Zhu et al, 1994: 45, f. 19A-E (mf).
E. l. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 641, f. 408a-j (f).
E. l. Yin et al., 1997: 296, f. 206a-e (mf).
E. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 166Q-R, 167F, J (mf).
f menglunensis (Yin et al., 1990)....................China
Neoscona m. Yin et al., 1990: 112, f. 276-279 (Df).
E. m. Yin et al., 1997: 300, f. 207a-d (Tf from Neoscona).
E. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 166S-T, 167K (f).
mf napiformis (Thorell, 1899)....................Cameroon to East Africa
Aranea n. Thorell, 1899: 55 (Df).
Aranea n. Tullgren, 1910: 167, pl. 4, f. 119 (f, Dm).
Araneus n. Lessert, 1930: 657.
E. n. Archer, 1951a: 18 (Tmf from Araneus).
f poonaensis (Tikader & Bal, 1981)....................India, China
Neoscona p. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 29, f. 59-62 (Df).
Neoscona p. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 22, text-f. 11-14, f. 22-24 (f).
Neoscona p. Tikader, 1982a: 265, f. 529-532 (f).
E. p. Grasshoff, 1986: 118 (Tf from Neoscona).
Neoscona p. Yin et al., 1990: 115, f. 280-282 (f).
E. p. Yin et al., 1997: 301, f. 208a-g (f).
E. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 166U, 167A, L (f).
mf pseudocentrodes (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................China, Japan
Aranea p. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 232, pl. 15, f. 415 (Df).
Heurodes p. Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
Araneus p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 99, f. 53.1 (mf).
Araneus p. Chikuni, 1989b: 68, f. 21 (mf).
Araneus pseudoventrodes Chen & Zhang, 1991: 85, f. 75.1-2 (f).
Araneus p. Yin et al., 1997: 140, f. 55a-e (f).
Araneus p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 240, f. 139W-X, 148S (f).
E. p. Tanikawa, 1999a: 43, f. 1-10 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf rhinura (Pocock, 1899) *....................West, Central Africa
Araneus r. Pocock, 1899e: 852, pl. 56, f. 9 (Df).
Araneus r. Lessert, 1930: 655, f. 28a, 29 (f).
Araneus r. Lessert, 1938: 448, f. 34 (Dm).
E. r. Archer, 1951a: 18 (Tmf from Araneus).
Neoscona r. Berman & Levi, 1971: 469 (Tmf from Eriovixia).
mf sakiedaorum Tanikawa, 1999....................Taiwan, Japan
E. s. Tanikawa, 1999a: 45, f. 11-17 (Dmf).
f turbinata (Thorell, 1899)....................Cameroon, Congo
Aranea t. Thorell, 1899: 54 (Df).
Araneus turbinatus Lessert, 1930: 657, f. 28b (f).
E. t. Archer, 1951a: 18 (Tf from Araneus).
f yunnanensis (Yin et al., 1990)....................China
Neoscona y. Yin et al., 1990: 115, f. 283-287 (Df).
E. y. Yin et al., 1997: 302, f. 209a-g (Tf from Neoscona).
E. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 167B-C, M (f).
j nigrithorax Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
E. n. Simon, 1909e: 116 (Dj).
f albonotata Caporiacco, 1954 *....................French Guiana
E. a. Caporiacco, 1954: 95, f. 19, 19a (Df).
In synonymy:
E. abdita Chickering, 1955 = E. californiensis (Keyserling, 1885) (Levi, 1977a: 104).
E. anastera buliafera Chamberlin, 1924 = E. conchlea (McCook, 1888) (Levi, 1977a: 122, contra Chickering, 1955: 414).
E. anastera leuca Chamberlin, 1924 = E. conchlea (McCook, 1888) (Levi, 1977a: 122, contra Chickering, 1955: 414).
E. arkansana Archer, 1951 = E. emertoni (Banks, 1904) (Levi, 1977a: 120).
E. diegensis (Schenkel, 1950, T from Araneus) = E. californiensis (Keyserling, 1885) (Levi, 1977a: 104).
E. mexicana Chickering, 1955 = E. californiensis (Keyserling, 1885) (Levi, 1977a: 104).
E. minima Chickering, 1955 = E. devia (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) (Levi, 1977a: 101).
E. parvula (Keyserling, 1864, removed from S of E. anastera) = E. cepina (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1977a: 118).
Nomen dubium:
E. petasata (Walckenaer, 1842: 70, f, USA, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus) -- Levi, 1977a: 120.
f albicans Caporiacco, 1954....................French Guiana
E. a. Caporiacco, 1954: 88, f. 16 (Df).
f albiventer (Keyserling, 1884)....................Brazil
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1884b: 651, pl. 21, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1892: 157, pl. 8, f. 115 (f).
Araneus a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278.
Metazygia a. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 186 (Tf from Araneus).
E. a. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Metazygia).
mf anastera (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................North, Central America
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 33 (Df).
Epeira eustala Walckenaer, 1842: 37 (Df).
Epeira apotroga Walckenaer, 1842: 43 (Df).
Epeira spatulata Walckenaer, 1842: 44 (Df).
Epeira illustrata Walckenaer, 1842: 45 (Dm).
Epeira decolorata Walckenaer, 1842: 49 (Dmf).
Epeira vivida Walckenaer, 1842: 54 (Df).
Epeira triflex Walckenaer, 1842: 60 (Dm).
Epeira trinotata Walckenaer, 1842: 75 (Df).
Epeira subfusca Walckenaer, 1842: 76 (Df).
Epeira prompta Hentz, 1847: 473, pl. 31, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira hebes Hentz, 1847: 473, pl. 31, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira bombycinaria Hentz, 1847: 476, pl. 31, f. 16 (Df).
Epeira bombycinaria Keyserling, 1892: 145, pl. 7, f. 107 (mf).
Epeira a. McCook, 1894: 172, pl. 8, f. 1-4 (mf).
E. a. Simon, 1895a: 795, f. 860 (f).
E. a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 506, pl. 48, f. 7-8 (mf).
E. a. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 331, f. 215 (f).
E. a. Comstock, 1940: 524, f. 549-554 (f).
E. a. Muma, 1943: 92, pl. XIII, f. 18 (f).
E. a. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 102 (S E. conchlea, rejected).
E. a. Kaston, 1948: 233, f. 706-709, 727 (f).
E. a. Archer, 1951a: 19, f. 46 (m).
E. a. Chickering, 1955: 414, f. 24-29 (mf, S, rejected).
E. a. Levi, 1977a: 114, f. 205-232, 280-285, 298-302, 314-315 (mf).
E. a. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 60 (m).
E. a. Breene et al., 1993: 104, f. 155A-C (mf).
f anastera vermiformis Franganillo, 1931....................Cuba
E. a. v. Franganillo, 1931: 44 (Df).
j andina Chamberlin, 1916....................Peru
E. a. Chamberlin, 1916: 245 (Dj).
mf bacelarae Caporiacco, 1955....................Venezuela
E. b. Caporiacco, 1955: 340, f. 27a-d (Dmf).
m banksi Chickering, 1955....................Mexico, Costa Rica
E. b. Chickering, 1955: 417, f. 30-34 (Dm).
mf bifida F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................USA to Costa Rica
E. b. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 507, pl. 48, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Banks, 1909a: 212.
E. b. Chickering, 1955: 421, f. 35-40 (mf).
E. b. Levi, 1977a: 108, f. 167-175, 178 (mf).
mf bisetosa Bryant, 1945....................Hispaniola
E. b. Bryant, 1945a: 370, f. 5-6 (Dmf).
mf brevispina Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936....................USA, Mexico
E. b. Gertsch & Davis, 1936: 12, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
E. b. Levi, 1977a: 106, f. 149-158 (mf).
m bucolica Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. b. Chickering, 1955: 425, f. 41-44 (Dm).
mf californiensis (Keyserling, 1885)....................USA, Mexico
Cyrtophora c. Keyserling, 1885: 525, pl. 13, f. 24 (Df).
Cyrtophora c. Keyserling, 1893: 263, pl. 13, f. 106 (f).
Epeira bucardia McCook, 1894: 183, pl. 9, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus diegensis Schenkel, 1950b: 67, f. 23a-c (Df).
E. abdita Chickering, 1955: 410, f. 19-23 (Dm).
E. mexicana Chickering, 1955: 465, f. 88-89 (Df).
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 104, f. 138-148 (Tf from Cyrtophora, Sm).
m cameronensis Gertsch & Davis, 1936....................USA
E. c. Gertsch & Davis, 1936: 13, f. 13 (Dm).
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 112, f. 189-191 (m).
mf cazieri Levi, 1977....................USA, Bahama Is.
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 102, f. 128-137 (Dmf).
mf cepina (Walckenaer, 1842)....................North America
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1842: 37 (Df).
Epeira parvula Keyserling, 1864: 131, pl. 6, f. 9-10 (Df).
Epeira parvula Emerton, 1884: 317, pl. 34, f. 12, pl. 37, f. 1, 2 (f, Dm).
Epeira parvula Emerton, 1902: 179, f. 416-418 (mf).
E. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 103 (removed from S of E. anastera).
E. arkansana Archer, 1951a: 19, f. 47 (f, misidentified).
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 118, f. 233-252, 286-290, 303-308, 316 (f, Dm, S).
E. c. Breene et al., 1993: 104, f. 156A-C (mf).
mf clavispina (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to El Salvador
Epeira c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 37, pl. 7, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira c. Keyserling, 1892: 102, pl. 5, f. 75 (Dm).
Amamra nigromaculata O. P.-Cambridge, 1895a: 155, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df).
E. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 509, pl. 48, f. 19 (f).
E. c. Chickering, 1955: 428, f. 45-48 (f).
E. c. Kraus, 1955b: 21, f. 51-52 (f).
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 106, f. 159-166, 176-177 (f, Dm).
mf conchlea (McCook, 1888)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira parvula c. McCook, 1888b: 199, f. 6 (Df).
E. anastera c. McCook, 1894: 174, pl. 8, f. 1n (f).
E. anastera buliafera Chamberlin, 1924b: 650 (Df).
E. anastera leuca Chamberlin, 1924b: 650 (Df).
E. anastera Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 102 (S, rejected).
E. anastera Chickering, 1955: 414 (S, rejected).
E. c. Levi, 1977a: 122, f. 269-279, 296, 312, 318 (mf, elevated from subspecies, S).
f conformans Chamberlin, 1925....................Panama
E. c. Chamberlin, 1925d: 216 (Df).
E. c. Chickering, 1955: 430, f. 49-50 (f).
f decemtuberculata Caporiacco, 1955....................Venezuela
E. d. Caporiacco, 1955: 342, f. 28a-b (Df).
m delasmata Bryant, 1945....................Hispaniola
E. d. Bryant, 1945a: 372, f. 11 (Dm).
m delecta Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. d. Chickering, 1955: 431, f. 51-54 (Dm).
f devia (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936)....................USA to Panama, West Indies
Neosconella d. Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 16, f. 38 (Df).
E. minima Chickering, 1955: 471, f. 94-96 (Df).
E. d. Levi, 1973: 487 (Tf from Araneus).
E. d. Levi, 1977a: 101, f. 118-127 (f, Dm, S).
mf eleuthera Levi, 1977....................USA, Bahama Is., Jamaica
E. e. Levi, 1977a: 111, f. 179-188 (Dmf).
mf emertoni (Banks, 1904)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira e. Banks, 1904a: 111 (Df).
Araneus e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
E. anastera e. Archer, 1940: 55 (Tmf from Araneus, placed as subspecies).
E. triflex Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 103 (removed from S of E. anastera, misidentified).
E. arkansana Archer, 1951a: 19, f. 44 only (Dm, fig. 47, f=E. cepina).
E. triflex Archer, 1951a: 19, f. 45 (m, misidentified).
E. e. Levi, 1977a: 120, f. 253-268, 291-295, 309-311, 317 (elevated f from subspecies of E. anastera, Sm).
m essequibensis (Hingston, 1932)....................Guyana
Epeira e. Hingston, 1932: 366 (Dm).
Singa e. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 171 (Tm from Araneus).
Wixia e. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tm from Singa).
E. e. Levi, 1995b: 209 (Tm from Wixia).
m exigua Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. e. Chickering, 1955: 435, f. 55-58 (Dm).
f fragilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala, Panama
Epeira f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 23, pl. 4, f. 18 (Df).
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1892: 186, pl. 9, f. 137 (f).
E. f. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 509, pl. 48, f. 18 (f).
mf fuscovittata (Keyserling, 1864)....................Mexico to South America
Epeira fusco-vittata Keyserling, 1864: 129, pl. 6, f. 7-8 (Df).
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1893: 251, pl. 13, f. 187 (f, Dm).
Cyclosa thorelli McCook, 1894: 228, pl. 19, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira caudata Banks, 1898b: 255, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
E. f. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 505, pl. 48, f. 3-4 (mf).
E. fusco-vittata Chickering, 1955: 398, f. A-B, 1-5 (mf).
E. f. Grasshoff, 1970b: 216, f. 2a-c (mf).
m gertschi Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. g. Chickering, 1955: 440, f. 59-62 (Dm).
mf gonygaster (C. L. Koch, 1838)....................Brazil, Guyana
Argyopes g. C. L. Koch, 1838: 43, f. 365 (Df).
E. g. Simon, 1895a: 789.
E. g. Caporiacco, 1948a: 660, f. 68-69 (Dm).
mf guianensis (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Peru, French Guiana
Singa g. Taczanowski, 1873: 124 (Df).
Epeira g. Taczanowski, 1878b: 160, pl. 2, f. 11 (f, Dm).
E. g. Simon, 1895a: 789.
mf guttata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Brazil
E. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 508, pl. 48, f. 13-14 (Dmf).
E. g. Camargo, 1953: 309, f. 6, 8, 31-34, 48 (m).
E. g. Chickering, 1955: 442, f. 63-68 (mf).
E. g. Kraus, 1955b: 22, f. 53 (f).
f histrio Mello-Leitão, 1948....................Guyana
E. h. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 165, f. 8 (Df).
mf illicita (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira i. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 17, pl. 6, f. 16 (Df).
Epeira cambridgii Keyserling, 1893: 255, pl. 13, f. 190 (Df).
E. i. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 506, pl. 48, f. 5, 6 (f, Dm).
E. i. Chickering, 1955: 401, f. 6-11 (mf).
m inconstans Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. i. Chickering, 1955: 446, f. 69-72 (Dm).
f ingenua Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. i. Chickering, 1955: 449, f. 73 (Df).
f innoxia Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. i. Chickering, 1955: 452, f. 74-76 (Df).
f isosceles Mello-Leitão, 1939....................Paraguay
E. i. Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 62, f. 32-33 (Df).
m itapocuensis Strand, 1916....................Brazil
E. i. Strand, 1916b: 107 (Dm).
f lata Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. l. Chickering, 1955: 454, f. 77 (Df).
f latebricola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Panama
Epeira l. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 31, pl. 8, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1892: 150, pl. 7, f. 110 (f).
E. l. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 508, pl. 48, f. 15 (f).
E. l. Chickering, 1955: 457, f. 78-80 (f).
m longembola Chickering, 1955....................Guatemala to Panama
E. l. Chickering, 1955: 458, f. 81-85 (Dm).
mf lunulifera Mello-Leitão, 1939....................French Guiana, Guyana
E. l. Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 108, f. 7-8 (Df).
E. l. Caporiacco, 1954: 90, f. 17 (Dm).
f maxima Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. m. Chickering, 1955: 461, f. 86-87 (Df).
m mimica Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. m. Chickering, 1955: 467, f. 90-93 (Dm).
mf minuscula (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1892: 140, pl. 7, f. 103 (Dmf).
E. m. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 179 (Tmf from Mangora, after Mello-Leitão, 1919).
m montana Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. m. Chickering, 1955: 474, f. 97-100 (Dm).
f monticola Chamberlin, 1916....................Peru
E. m. Chamberlin, 1916: 246, pl. 18, f. 7 (Df).
f montivaga Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. m. Chickering, 1955: 478, f. 101-102 (Df).
mf mourei Mello-Leitão, 1947....................Brazil
E. m. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 241, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
f nasuta Mello-Leitão, 1939....................Guyana
E. n. Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 107, f. 5-6 (Df).
f nigerrima Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
E. n. Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 205 (Df).
f novemmamillata Mello-Leitão, 1941....................Argentina
E. 9-mamillata Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 212, f. 16-17 (Df).
E. n. Brignoli, 1983c: 270.
mf oblonga Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. o. Chickering, 1955: 404, f. 12-18 (Dmf).
m orina (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Aranea o. Chamberlin, 1916: 248, pl. 19, f. 3 (Dm).
E. o. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tm from Araneus).
f pallida Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
E. p. Mello-Leitão, 1940h: 25, f. 2-3 (Df).
f panamana Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. p. Chickering, 1955: 480, f. 103-105 (Df).
mf perdita Bryant, 1945....................Hispaniola
E. p. Bryant, 1945a: 373, f. 4, 9 (Dmf).
f perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947....................Brazil
E. p. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 243, f. 11 (Df).
f photographica Mello-Leitão, 1944....................Argentina
E. p. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 329, f. 13-14 (Df).
f procurva Franganillo, 1936....................Cuba
E. p. Franganillo, 1936c: 80, f. 37a-b (Df).
f redundans Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. r. Chickering, 1955: 484, f. 106-107 (Df).
mf richardsi Mello-Leitão, 1939....................Guyana
E. r. Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 105, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
mf rosae Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935....................USA, Mexico
E. r. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935b: 22, pl. 15, f. 124 (Df).
E. r. Gertsch & Davis, 1936: 14, f. 11-12 (f, Dm).
E. r. Levi, 1977a: 112, f. 192-204, 297, 313 (f, Dm; m of Gertsch & Davis, 1936 =E. clavispina).
f rubroguttulata (Keyserling, 1879)....................Peru
Larinia r. Keyserling, 1879: 314, pl. 4, f. 15 (Df).
Larinia r. Keyserling, 1893: 292, pl. 15, f. 216 (f).
Araneus rubroguttulatus Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tf from Larinia).
E. r. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 246 (Tf from Araneus).
mf rustica Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. r. Chickering, 1955: 486, f. 108-113 (Dmf).
mf saga (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil, Uruguay
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1893: 253, pl. 13, f. 188 (Dmf).
Araneus sagus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
E. s. Roewer, 1942a: 766.
mf sagana (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1893: 254, pl. 13, f. 189 (Dmf).
Araneus saganus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
E. s. Roewer, 1942a: 766.
f sanguinosa (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Epeira s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 225, pl. 11, f. 167 (Df).
Araneus sanguinosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
E. s. Roewer, 1942a: 766.
m scitula Chickering, 1955....................Mexico to Panama
E. s. Chickering, 1955: 492, f. 114-117 (Dm).
mf scutigera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898)....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 243, pl. 33, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira nava O. P.-Cambridge, 1899a: 300, pl. 37, f. 5 (Df).
E. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 508, pl. 48, f. 11-12 (f, Dm).
E. s. Chickering, 1955: 496, f. 118-123 (mf).
f secta Mello-Leitão, 1945....................Argentina
E. s. Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 238, f. 11 (Df).
f sedula Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. s. Chickering, 1955: 500, f. 124-126 (Df).
f semifoliata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1899)....................Central America
Epeira s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1899a: 301, pl. 36, f. 3 (Df).
E. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 510, pl. 48, f. 21 (f).
E. s. Chickering, 1955: 502, f. 127 (f).
f smaragdinea (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru
Epeira s. Taczanowski, 1878b: 161, pl. 2, f. 12 (Df).
E. s. Simon, 1895a: 789.
m tantula Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. t. Chickering, 1955: 505, f. 128-130 (Dm).
f taquara (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1892: 143, pl. 7, f. 105 (Df).
Araneus t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 318.
E. t. Roewer, 1942a: 766.
f tribrachiata Badcock, 1932....................Paraguay
E. t. Badcock, 1932: 20, f. 15 (Df).
mf tridentata (C. L. Koch, 1838)....................Brazil, French Guiana
Argyopes tridentatus C. L. Koch, 1838: 41, f. 363-364 (Dmf).
Epeira argyopes Walckenaer, 1842: 132 (Dmf).
E. t. Simon, 1895a: 795.
E. t. Caporiacco, 1954: 92, f. 18, 18a (mf).
f trinitatis (Hogg, 1918)....................Trinidad
Araneus t. Hogg, 1918: 166, f. 1 (Df).
E. t. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
f tristis (Blackwall, 1862)....................Brazil
Epeira t. Blackwall, 1862b: 436 (Df).
Araneus t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321.
E. t. Roewer, 1942a: 767.
f tumida Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. t. Chickering, 1955: 508, f. 131-132 (Df).
f ulecebrosa (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Argentina
Epeira u. Keyserling, 1892: 104, pl. 5, f. 77 (Df).
Araneus ulecebrosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321.
E. u. Mello-Leitão, 1919: 470.
f uncicurva Franganillo, 1936....................Cuba
E. u. Franganillo, 1936c: 80 (Df).
mf unimaculata Franganillo, 1930....................Cuba
E. u. Franganillo, 1930: 22 (Df).
E. u. Bryant, 1936b: 327, pl. 23, f. 1, 5 (Dm).
mf vegeta (Keyserling, 1865)....................Mexico to Brazil, Hispaniola
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1865: 819, pl. 19, f. 31-34 (Dmf).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 144, pl. 7, f. 106 (mf).
Acacesia v. Simon, 1895a: 789, f. 858-859 (m).
E. v. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 509, pl. 48, f. 16-17 (mf).
E. v. Bryant, 1945a: 374, f. 7 (m).
E. v. Chickering, 1955: 511, f. 133-138 (mf).
f vellardi Mello-Leitão, 1924....................Brazil
E. v. Mello-Leitão, 1924a: 279 (Df).
f venusta Chickering, 1955....................Panama
E. v. Chickering, 1955: 515, f. 139-140 (Df).
mf viridipedata (Roewer, 1942)....................Peru
Epeira viridipes Taczanowski, 1878b: 155, pl. 1, f. 8 (Dmf; preoccupied by Doleschall, 1859).
Araneus viridipes Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
Aranea v. Roewer, 1942a: 856 (replacement name).
E. v. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tmf from Araneus).
f wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
E. w. Schenkel, 1953a: 21, f. 19a-b (Df).
m faradjensis (Lessert, 1930) *....................Congo
Larinia f. Lessert, 1930: 637, f. 14 (Dm).
F. f. Grasshoff, 1970c: 418, f. 24a-c (Tm from Larinia).
Transferred to other genera:
G. acrosomoides O. P.-Cambridge, 1879 -- see Acrosomoides.
G. arcuata (Fabricius, 1793) -- see Macracantha.
G. astrigera L. Koch, 1871 -- see Austracantha.
G. batesi Pocock, 1899 -- see Afracantha.
G. brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) -- see Thelacantha.
G. camerunensis Thorell, 1899 -- see Afracantha.
G. cicatricosa C. L. Koch, 1844 -- see Isoxya.
G. cowani Butler, 1882 -- see Isoxya.
G. crucimaculata Dahl, 1914 -- see Hypsacantha.
G. falkensteini (Karsch, 1879) -- see Aetrocantha.
G. formosana Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha.
G. galeata (Simon, 1887) -- see Aetrocantha.
G. globulata (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Actinacantha.
G. glyphica Guérin, 1839 -- see Augusta.
G. linnaei (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Acrosomoides.
G. minax Thorell, 1859 -- see Austracantha.
G. mucronota (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Isoxya.
G. nigromutica Caporiacco, 1939 -- see Isoxya.
G. nordviei Strand, 1913 (removed from S of G. simoni) -- see Togacantha.
G. nossibeana Strand, 1915 -- see Madacantha.
G. penizoides (Simon, 1887) -- see Isoxya.
G. reuteri Lenz, 1886 -- see Isoxya.
G. sagaensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 -- see Phoroncidia under Theridiidae.
G. sola Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha.
G. somalica Caporiacco, 1940 -- see Isoxya.
G. sparsa Saito, 1933 -- see Thelacantha.
G. stuhlmanni Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895 -- see Isoxya.
G. tabulata Thorell, 1859 -- see Isoxya.
G. testudinaria Simon, 1901 -- see Isoxya.
G. testudinaria benina Strand, 1913 -- see Isoxya.
G. tetraedra (Walckenaer, 1842) -- see Acrosomoides.
G. tuberifera Dahl, 1914 -- see Isoxya.
In synonymy:
G. cancriformis unicolor Taczanowski, 1879 = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1978a: 438).
G. comstocki Mello-Leitão, 1917 = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1996b: 142).
G. crucigera melanotica Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = G. crucigera Bradley, 1877 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 44).
G. crucigera tenuiscapus Kulczyn'ski, 1911 = G. crucigera Bradley, 1877 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 44).
G. depressa (Tullgren, 1910) = G. milvoides Butler, 1873 (Emerit, 1982c: 458).
G. importuna O. P.-Cambridge, 1879 = G. sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64).
G. impotens Gerstäcker, 1873 (removed from S of G. versicolor) = G. sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64).
G. insulana Thorell, 1859 (removed from S of G. servillei) = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1978a: 437).
G. kochi Butler, 1873 (removed from S of G. servillei) = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1978a: 438).
G. macrura Pocock, 1898 (removed from S of G. sanguinolenta) = G. milvoides Butler, 1873 (Benoit, 1962a: 59).
G. mammosa C. L. Koch, 1844 = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Benoit, 1964a: 49).
G. mascula Strand, 1915 = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1996b: 142).
G. nabona Chamberlin, 1924 = G. kuhli C. L. Koch, 1837 (Fox, 1938b: 365).
G. nigripes Simon, 1881 = G. rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 (Benoit, 1964a: 50).
G. occidentalis Dahl, 1914 = G. sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1962a: 64).
G. scintillans concolor Rainbow, 1913 = G. scintillans Butler, 1873 (Chrysanthus, 1971: 45).
G. sepulchralis Simon, 1881 = G. rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 (Benoit, 1964a: 50).
G. servillei (Guérin, 1825) = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1996b: 140).
G. servillei joinvillensis Strand, 1915 = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1996b: 142).
G. sodalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 = G. sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844 (Benoit, 1964a: 50).
G. tetracantha (Linnaeus, 1767) = G. cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1996b: 140).
G. versicolor nigristerna Caporiacco, 1941 = G. versicolor (Walckenaer, 1842) (Benoit, 1962a: 61).
Nomen dubium:
G. trigona Giebel, 1863: 311 (Java) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1514.
Nomina nuda:
G. cancriformis alba Franganillo, 1936c: 96.
G. cancriformis aurata Franganillo, 1926a: 57.
G. cancriformis nigra Franganillo, 1926a: 57.
f aciculata (Pocock, 1899)....................New Britain
Actinacantha a. Pocock, 1899f: 107, pl. 10, f. 5 (Df).
G. a. Dahl, 1914: 248.
f acutispina Dahl, 1914....................Sulawesi
G. a. Dahl, 1914: 246, f. 17 (Df).
f audouini Guérin, 1838....................Sumatra, Timor, Amboina, Philippines
G. audouinii Guérin, 1838b: 55 (Df).
Plectana transversalis Walckenaer, 1842: 165 (Df).
Plectana bleekeri Doleschall, 1857: 423 (Df).
G. pseudoflava Simon, 1877c: 228, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
G. bleekeri Thorell, 1878b: 11.
G. bleekeri retrorsa Thorell, 1878b: 12 (Df).
G. retrorsa Thorell, 1881: 6.
G. pseudoflava Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 888 (f).
G. a. Dahl, 1914: 284.
f beccarii Thorell, 1877....................Sulawesi
G. b. Thorell, 1877b: 347 (Df).
Plectana b. Thorell, 1890a: 68.
G. b. Dahl, 1914: 245.
m biloba (Thorell, 1878)....................Moluccas, Amboina
Bunocrania b. Thorell, 1878b: 25 (Dj)
Bunocrania b. Thorell, 1898: 374 (Dm).
mf cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) *....................New World
Aranea c. Linnaeus, 1758: 624 (Df).
Aranea tetracantha Linnaeus, 1767: 1037 (Df).
Aranea conchata Slabber, 1769: 3 (D).
Aranea tetracantha Pallas, 1772: 49, pl. 3, f. 16-17 (f).
Aranea hexacantha Fabricius, 1787: 344 (Df).
Epeira lata Walckenaer, 1805: 66.
Epeira servillei Guérin, 1825: 263 (Df).
G. c. Sundevall, 1833b: 14.
Acrosoma hexacantha Hahn, 1834: 17, f. 106 (f, misidentified).
G. c. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 21, f. 263 (f).
G. hexacantha C. L. Koch, 1837a: 31, f. 268 (f, misidentified).
G. velitaris C. L. Koch, 1837a: 33, f. 269 (Df).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 151.
Plectana velitaris Walckenaer, 1842: 152.
Plectana hexacantha Walckenaer, 1842: 152.
Plectana elipsoides Walckenaer, 1842: 155 (Df).
Plectana quinqueserrata Walckenaer, 1842: 157 (Df).
Plectana sexserrata Walckenaer, 1842: 157 (Df).
Plectana triserrata Walckenaer, 1842: 158 (Df).
Plectana servillei Walckenaer, 1842: 159.
Plectana lata Walckenaer, 1842: 165 (Df).
Plectana atlantica Walckenaer, 1842: 167 (Df).
G. rubiginosa C. L. Koch, 1844: 55, f. 878 (Df).
G. picea C. L. Koch, 1844: 61, f. 882 (Df).
G. mammosa C. L. Koch, 1844: 57, f. 879 (Df).
G. quadridens C. L. Koch, 1844: 59, f. 880 (Df).
G. pallida C. L. Koch, 1844: 60, f. 881 (Df).
Epeira cancer Hentz, 1850: 23, pl. 3, f. 13 (Df).
G. moesta Thorell, 1859: 301 (Dj).
G. insulana Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
G. hilaris Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
G. columbiae Giebel, 1863: 312 (Df).
G. kochii Butler, 1873a: 169 (Df).
Dicantha lata Butler, 1873a: 175.
Micrathena triserrata Butler, 1873a: 429.
G. oldendorffii Holmberg, 1876: 21 (Df).
G. insulana Butler, 1877: 76, pl. 13, f. 1 (f).
G. canestrinii O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 2 (Dj).
G. callida O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 7 (Df).
G. raimondii Taczanowski, 1879: 106, pl. 1, f. 25-26 (Df).
G. raimondii unicolor Taczanowski, 1879: 107 (Df).
G. proboscidea Taczanowski, 1879: 108, pl. 1, f. 27 (Df).
G. rufospinosa Marx, 1886: 25, f. a-f (Df).
G. hexacantha Keyserling, 1892: 1, pl. 1, f. 1 (f, misidentified).
G. maura McCook, 1894: 210, pl. 13, f. 12 (Df).
G. c. McCook, 1894: 211, pl. 14, f. 9 (f).
G. elliptica Gétaz, 1893: 105 (Df).
G. pallida McCook, 1894: 209, pl. 14, f. 8 (f).
G. preciosa McCook, 1894: 211, pl. 14, f. 7 (Df).
G. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 329, pl. 7, f. 11 (f).
G. canestrinii F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 330, pl. 7, f. 10 (Df).
G. kochii F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901b: 331, pl. 7, f. 10 (f).
G. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 525, pl. 51, f. 14 (f).
G. kochii F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 525, pl. 51, f. 15 (f).
G. biolleyi Banks, 1905b: 20, f. 3 (Df).
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 263.
G. servillei Dahl, 1914: 264.
G. tetracantha Dahl, 1914: 265.
G. kochi joinvillensis Strand, 1916b: 118 (Df).
G. mascula Strand, 1916b: 119 (Dm).
G. comstocki Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 93 (Df).
Vibradellus carolinus Chamberlin, 1925d: 214 (Dm).
G. c. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 249, f. 103 (mf).
G. tetracantha Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 253, f. 104-107 (f, Dm).
G. c. Archer, 1941b: 23, pl. IV, f. 3, 5 (mf).
G. c. Benoit, 1964a: 49 (S).
G. c. Levi, 1978a: 437, f. 69-84 (mf, S).
G. c. Levi, 1978b: 11, f. 15-17 (m).
G. tetracantha Wunderlich, 1986: 217, f. 218 (m).
G. c. Levi, 1996b: 140, f. 292-312 (mf, S).
mf cancriformis gertschi Archer, 1941....................USA
G. c. g. Archer, 1941b: 24, pl. IV, f. 6 (Dmf; probably not valid, per Brignoli, 1983c: 245).
f clarki Emerit, 1974....................Seychelles
G. c. Emerit, 1974: 101, f. 42, 43A-B (Df).
f clavatrix (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Lombok, Sulawesi, Mentawai Is.
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 186 (Df).
G. c. Thorell, 1877b: 349.
G. claveata O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 289, pl. 27, f. 17 (Df).
G. claveata Pocock, 1897c: 603, pl. 25, f. 5 (f).
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 244.
f clavigera Giebel, 1863....................Thailand, Philippines, Sulawesi
G. c. Giebel, 1863: 307 (Df).
G. nigrisparsa Butler, 1873a: 154, pl. 4, f. 11 (Df).
G. scoparia Simon, 1877b: 68, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df).
G. scoparia Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 889 (f).
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 244.
mf crucigera Bradley, 1877....................New Guinea
G. c. Bradley, 1877: 138, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
G. crepidiphora O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 287, pl. 27, f. 14 (Df).
G. similis Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 497, pl. 20, f. 65, 70 (Df).
G. c. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 494, pl. 20, f. 64, 69 (f, Dm).
G. crepidiphora Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 496, pl. 20, f. 66, 71 (f).
G. similis tenuiscapus Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 498 (Df).
G. similis melanotica Kulczyn'ski, 1911d: 123 (Df).
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 247.
G. c. Chrysanthus, 1971: 44, f. 94-96 (f, S).
mf curvispina (Guérin, 1837)....................West, Central Africa, Bioko
Epeira c. Guérin, 1837: 8, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 154.
G. walckenaeri Lucas, 1858: 49, 425, pl. 12, f. 7 (Df).
G. vaccula Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df).
G. retracta Butler, 1873a: 157, pl. 4, f. 12 (Df).
G. dahomensis Karsch, 1884b: 70 (Df).
G. c. Simon, 1907d: 300 (Dm).
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 266, f. 13 (f).
G. c. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 328, f. 15-16 (m).
G. c. Emerit, 1982c: 458, 465, pl. 1, f. A, D, F-G (m).
f curvistyla Dahl, 1914....................Togian Is., near Sulawesi
G. c. Dahl, 1914: 245, f. 16 (Df).
f cuspidata C. L. Koch, 1837....................Malaysia, Nicobar Is., Java
G. c. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 22, f. 264 (Df).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 154.
f dalyi Pocock, 1900....................India, Pakistan
G. d. Pocock, 1900a: 232 (Df).
G. d. Tikader, 1982a: 67, f. 135-138 (f).
f diadesmia Thorell, 1887....................India to Philippines
G. diadesmia Thorell, 1887: 225 (Df; cited under G. panisicea in Roewer).
G. d. Tikader, 1982a: 61, f. 123-126 (f).
G. d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 557, f. 343a-f, 344a-i (f).
G. d. Yin et al., 1997: 95, f. 24a-c (f).
G. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 168C-D, P (f).
f diardi (Lucas, 1835)....................China, Thailand, Malaysia, Sunda Is.
Epeira d. Lucas, 1835a: 70, pl. 149, f. 4 (Df).
G. fornicata C. L. Koch, 1837a: 18, f. 261 (f, misidentified).
G. obliqua C. L. Koch, 1844: 64, f. 884 (Df).
Plectana acuminata Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 12, f. 1 (Df).
G. varia Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df).
G. unguicornis Butler, 1873a: 159, pl. 4, f. 13 (Df).
G. consanguinea Butler, 1873a: 159 (Df).
G. dicallina Butler, 1873a: 160, pl. 4, f. 1 (Df).
G. sumatrana Butler, 1873a: 162, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df).
G. pavesi O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 4 (Df).
G. fornicata bubula Thorell, 1890a: 49 (Df).
G. montana Thorell, 1890a: 53 (Df).
G. fornicata jalorensis Simon, 1901k: 60 (Df).
G. bouchardi Simon, 1903h: 302 (Df).
G. marsdeni Simon, 1903h: 302 (Df).
G. marsdeni punctisternis Strand, 1906d: 264 (Df).
G. fornicata olivacea Strand, 1907m: 424 (Df).
G. d. Dahl, 1914: 285.
G. d. Kolosváry, 1931: 1057, pl. 30, f. 1 (f).
f doriae Simon, 1877....................Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo
G. d. Simon, 1877c: 232, pl. 3, f. 3 (Df).
G. harpax O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 9 (Df).
G. d. Workman & Workman, 1892: 7, pl. 7 (f).
G. kulczynskii Strand, 1906d: 266 (Df).
G. fornicata hundeshageni Strand, 1907k: 195 (Df).
G. d. Dahl, 1914: 277.
f falcicornis Butler, 1873....................Africa
G. f. Butler, 1873a: 158, pl. 4, f. 10 (Df).
G. toxotes Gerstäcker, 1873: 489 (Df).
G. resupinata Gerstäcker, 1873: 490, pl. 18, f. 8 (Df).
G. petersii Karsch, 1878a: 322, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
G. falciformis Simon, 1895a: 840 (lapsus).
G. f. Dahl, 1914: 276.
G. f. Emerit, 1974: 107, f. 46D-F (f).
f fasciata Guérin, 1838....................New Guinea, Guam
G. f. Guérin, 1838b: 53 (Df).
Plectana variegata Walckenaer, 1842: 160 (Df).
G. variegata L. Koch, 1871: 2.
G. f. Dahl, 1914: 282.
G. f. Chrysanthus, 1971: 49, f. 112-113 (f).
f flava Nicolet, 1849....................Chile
G. f. Nicolet, 1849: 476 (Df).
f fornicata (Fabricius, 1775)....................Queensland
Aranea f. Fabricius, 1775: 435 (Df).
G. vittata L. Koch, 1871: 2, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
G. bradleyi Thorell, 1881: 12 (Df).
G. f. Dahl, 1914: 280.
f frontata Blackwall, 1864....................India, Myanmar, Thailand, Flores, Borneo
G. f. Blackwall, 1864b: 40 (Df).
G. f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 283, pl. 26, f. 5 (f).
G. flebilis O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 284, pl. 26, f. 8 (Df).
G. f. Dahl, 1914: 283.
f gambeyi Simon, 1877....................New Caledonia
G. g. Simon, 1877c: 236, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
mf geminata (Fabricius, 1798)....................India, Sri Lanka
Aranea g. Fabricius, 1798: 292 (Df).
G. g. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 16, f. 260 (f).
Plectana g. Walckenaer, 1842: 158.
G. connata Butler, 1873a: 168 (Df).
G. rimata O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 282, pl. 26, f. 3 (Df).
G. g. Simon, 1895a: 836, f. 883-887 (f, Dm).
G. g. Pocock, 1900a: 233, f. 79 (f).
G. g. Dahl, 1914: 267, f. 11 (f).
G. g. Tikader, 1982a: 53, f. 107-110 (f).
mf hasselti C. L. Koch, 1837....................India, China to Moluccas
G. hasseltii C. L. Koch, 1837a: 29, f. 267 (Df).
G. horrens Thorell, 1859: 303 (Df).
G. parvula Thorell, 1859: 303 (Dm).
G. blackwalli Keyserling, 1864: 65, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
G. helva Blackwall, 1864b: 42 (Df).
G. hepatica L. Koch, 1871: 8, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
G. helva O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 287, pl. 27, f. 15 (f).
G. propinqua O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 288, pl. 27, f. 16 (Df).
G. pictospina Hasselt, 1882: 14, pl. 1, f. 1-2 (Df).
Actinacantha pictispina Simon, 1885a: 37.
Actinacantha propinqua Simon, 1886a: 147.
Plectana hasselti Thorell, 1887: 224.
Plectana blackwallii Thorell, 1890a: 68.
G. h. Pocock, 1900a: 233.
G. perakensis Simon, 1901k: 60 (Df).
G. propinqua Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 5 (f).
G. tjibodensis Strand, 1907m: 424 (Df).
G. hasseltii Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 33, f. 47-49 (f).
G. hasseltii Tikader, 1982a: 63, f. 127-130 (f).
G. h. Yin et al., 1997: 96, f. 25a-f (mf).
G. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 168E-F, K-L, Q-R (mf).
f hecata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Philippines
Plectana h. Walckenaer, 1842: 168 (Df).
G. falcifera C. L. Koch, 1844: 62, f. 883 (Df).
G. h. Dahl, 1914: 270.
f interrupta Dahl, 1914....................Lombok, Sulawesi
G. i. Dahl, 1914: 262, f. 15 (Df).
f irradiata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Thailand to Philippines, Sulawesi
Plectana i. Walckenaer, 1842: 170 (Df).
G. vittata Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df).
G. minahassae Merian, 1911: 235, pl. 9, f. 5 (Df).
G. i. Dahl, 1914: 284.
f janopol Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
G. j. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 553, f. 340a-i (Df).
mf kuhli C. L. Koch, 1837....................India to Japan, Philippines
G. kuhlii C. L. Koch, 1837a: 20, f. 262 (Df).
Plectana acuminata Walckenaer, 1842: 159 (Df).
G. annulipes C. L. Koch, 1844: 52, f. 876 (Df).
Plectana leucomelas Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 11, f. 8 (Df).
G. annamita Simon, 1886a: 148 (Df).
G. leucomelaena Thorell, 1887: 231 (Df).
G. leucomelas Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 3 (f).
G. leucomelas Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 239, pl. 3, f. 18, pl. 15, f. 395 (f).
G. k. Dahl, 1914: 262.
G. nabona Chamberlin, 1924a: 22 (Df).
G. leucomelas Sherriffs, 1934: 87, f. 2 (f).
G. kuhlii Fox, 1938b: 365 (S).
G. leucomelaena Saito, 1939: 10, f. 2(4) (f).
G. kuhlii Nakatsudi, 1943a: 162, f. 11 (f).
G. leucomelaena Saito, 1959: 112, f. 137a-d (f).
G. kuhlii Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 34, f. 50-52 (f).
G. kuhlii Tikader, 1982a: 59, g. 119-122 (f).
G. kuhlii Hu, 1984: 114, f. 112.1-2 (f).
G. kuhlii Yaginuma, 1986a: 111, f. 58.4 (m).
G. kuhlii Chikuni, 1989b: 83, f. 64 (mf).
G. kuhlii Feng, 1990: 83, f. 58.1-6 (f).
G. kuhlii Chen & Gao, 1990: 62, f. 75 (f).
G. kuhlii Chen & Zhang, 1991: 101, f. 95.1-4 (f).
G. kuhlii Zhao, 1993: 238, f. 111 (f).
G. kuhlii Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 559, f. 345a-f (f).
G. k. Yin et al., 1997: 97, f. 26a-f (mf).
G. k. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 168G-H, M, S-T (mf).
f lepelletieri (Guérin, 1825)....................Sumatra to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira lepeletieri Guérin, 1825: 763 (Df, patronym for Lepelletier).
G. l. Guérin, 1838b: 52.
Plectana l. Walckenaer, 1842: 156.
Plectana praetextata Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 8, f. 4, pl. 11, f. 6 (f, misidentified).
G. doleschalli Simon, 1877c: 227 (Df).
Actinacantha l. Simon, 1885a: 37.
G. praetextata helva Merian, 1911: 235 (Df).
G. l. Dahl, 1914: 250.
f lunata Guérin, 1838....................Timor, Moluccas, New Caledonia
G. l. Guérin, 1838b: 55 (Df).
G. ternatensis Thorell, 1881: 18 (Df).
G. bruijnii Thorell, 1881: 21 (Df).
G. bruijnii laeviuscula Thorell, 1881: 21 (Df).
G. fragispina Keyserling, 1886a: 92, pl. 7, f. 3 (Df).
G. laeviuscula Strand, 1907k: 197.
G. l. Dahl, 1914: 285.
f martensi Dahl, 1914....................Sumatra
G. m. Dahl, 1914: 249, f. 18 (Df).
f mediofusca (Doleschall, 1859)....................Java, New Guinea
Plectana mediofusca Doleschall, 1859: 44, pl. 13, f. 9 (Df).
G. mediofusca Merian, 1911: 237.
G. m. Chrysanthus, 1971: 47, f. 105-106 (removed f from S of G. mammosa per Roewer).
f mengei Keyserling, 1864....................Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
G. m. Keyserling, 1864: 67, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
Atelacantha malayensis Simon, 1864: 285.
G. malayensis Hasselt, 1882: 13 (Df).
G. m. Dahl, 1914: 270, f. 10 (f).
f metallica (Pocock, 1898)....................Solomon Is.
Actinacantha m. Pocock, 1898b: 465, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df).
G. m. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 398.
mf milvoides Butler, 1873....................Central, East, Southern Africa
G. milvoides Butler, 1873a: 159, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df).
G. macrura Pocock, 1898e: 438, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df).
Paurotylus depressus Tullgren, 1910: 171, pl. 4, f. 125 (Dm).
G. m. Benoit, 1962a: 59 (removed f from S of G. versicolor, S).
Paurotylus depressus Benoit, 1962d: 371, f. 1-3 (m).
Aetrocantha galatea Benoit, 1964a: 47 (S, rejected).
G. m. Emerit, 1973: 685, f. 5B, pl. IIc (m).
G. m. Emerit, 1974: 107, f. 46A-C (f).
G. m. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 328, f. 13-14 (m).
G. m. Emerit, 1982c: 458, pl. 1, f. C, E (m, S).
f notata Kulczyn'ski, 1910....................New Britain
G. n. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 398, pl. 17, f. 10 (Df).
f panisicca Butler, 1873....................Myanmar to Philippines, Java
G. p. Butler, 1873a: 162, pl. 4, f. 14 (Df).
G. p. Dahl, 1914: 287.
G. panisicea Kolosváry, 1931: 1063, pl. 30, f. 2 (f).
f parangdiadesmia Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
G. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 555, f. 342a-e (Df).
mf pentagona (Walckenaer, 1842)....................New Ireland, New Britain
Plectana p. Walckenaer, 1842: 168 (Df).
G. p. L. Koch, 1871: 9, pl. 1, f. 6 (f).
Stanneoclavis studeri Karsch, 1878c: 799 (Df).
G. strasseni Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
G. mahurica Strand, 1913d: 118 (Df).
G. strasseni Strand, 1915d: 229, pl. 14, f. 25-26, pl. 17, f. 72 (f).
G. p. Dahl, 1914: 248.
G. p. Chrysanthus, 1971: 45, f. 97-100 (mf).
f pentagona anirica Strand, 1915....................Bismarck Arch.
G. strasseni a. Strand, 1915d: 230 (Df).
j picta (Thorell, 1892)....................Singapore
Bunocrania p. Thorell, 1892a: 251 (Dj).
f quadrispinosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1879....................New Guinea, Queensland
G. q. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 281, pl. 26, f. 1 (Df).
G. papuana Thorell, 1881: 15 (Df).
G. quadrispina Lamb, 1911: 171, f. 2 (Df).
G. wolfi Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df).
G. q. Dahl, 1914: 270.
G. q. Chrysanthus, 1971: 48, f. 107-108 (f).
f recurva Simon, 1877....................Philippines
G. r. Simon, 1877b: 70, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df).
G. r. Simon, 1895a: 839, f. 890 (f).
f regalis Butler, 1873....................New Hebrides
G. r. Butler, 1873a: 156, pl. 4, f. 7 (Df).
f remifera Butler, 1873....................India, Sri Lanka
G. r. Butler, 1873a: 154, pl. 4, f. 5 (Df).
Plectana clavatrix Karsch, 1891: 277 (f, misidentified).
G. r. Pocock, 1900a: 233, f. 78 (f).
G. r. Dahl, 1914: 244.
G. r. Tikader, 1982a: 65, f. 131-134 (f).
f rhomboidea Guérin, 1838....................Mauritius
G. r. Guérin, 1838b: 54 (Df).
Plectana mauricia Walckenaer, 1842: 155 (Df).
G. mauritia Vinson, 1863: 239, 315.
G. peccans O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 293, pl. 26, f. 6 (Df).
G. r. Dahl, 1914: 287.
G. r. Emerit, 1974: 97, f. 27D, 39, 40A-C (f).
f rhomboidea comorensis Strand, 1917....................Comoro Is.
G. comorensis Strand, 1917b: 117 (Df).
G. r. c. Emerit, 1974: 95, f. 38A-B (f, reduced to subspecies).
mf rhomboidea madagascariensis Vinson, 1863....................Madagascar
G. m. Vinson, 1863: 242, 315, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
G. m. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 285, pl. 26, f. 10 (f).
G. sepulchralis Simon, 1881e: 2 (Df).
G. nigripes Simon, 1881e: 3 (Df).
G. r. m. Benoit, 1964a: 50 (removed f from S of G. sanguinolenta, placed as subspecies, S G. comorensis, rejected).
G. r. m. Emerit, 1974: 91, f. 27C, 28C, 36, 37A-E (f, Dm).
f rubrospinis Guérin, 1838....................Lombok, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Caledonia, Guam
G. r. Guérin, 1838b: 53 (Df).
G. circumnotata Simon, 1877c: 229 (Df).
G. butleri Thorell, 1877b: 350 (Df).
G. simoni Keyserling, 1886a: 90, pl. 7, f. 2 (Df).
G. eurygaster Thorell, 1890a: 25 (Df).
G. circumnotata Pocock, 1897c: 603, pl. 25, f. 2 (f).
G. butleri elberti Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
G. r. Dahl, 1914: 282 (S all names above).
G. butleri elberti Strand, 1915d: 230, pl. 17, f. 73 (f).
f rufithorax Simon, 1881....................Madagascar
G. r. Simon, 1881e: 2 (Df).
G. rhomboidea madagascariensis Benoit, 1964a: 50 (S, rejected).
G. r. Emerit, 1974: 97, f. 38B, 41B (f, removed from S).
f sacerdotalis L. Koch, 1872....................New Guinea, Queensland, New Caledonia
G. s. L. Koch, 1872a: 198, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
G. sylvestris Simon, 1877c: 234, pl. 3, f. 6 (Df).
G. s. Thorell, 1881: 28.
f sanguinea Dahl, 1914....................Philippines
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 245, f. 2 (Df).
mf sanguinolenta C. L. Koch, 1844....................Africa, São Tomé, Socotra
G. s. C. L. Koch, 1844: 51, f. 875 (Df).
G. ensifera Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
G. ornata Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
G. lepida O. P.-Cambridge, 1870e: 821, pl. 50, f. 2 (Df).
G. nana Butler, 1873a: 168, pl. 4, f. 4 (Df).
G. radiata Gerstäcker, 1873: 488 (Df).
G. impotens Gerstäcker, 1873: 491 (Df).
G. vittata Keyserling, 1877b: 85, pl. 3, f. 1 (Df).
G. molesta O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 286, pl. 27, f. 13 (Df).
G. importuna O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 286, pl. 26, f. 12 (Df).
G. formosa confluxa Karsch, 1884a: 68 (Df).
G. schweinfurthi Simon, 1890a: 100 (Df).
G. sodalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1898b: 388, pl. 31, f. 3 (Df).
G. spenceri Pocock, 1900e: 324 (Df).
G. abyssinica Strand, 1907a: 537 (Dj).
G. abyssinica Strand, 1907n: 644 (Df).
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 278.
G. occidentalis Dahl, 1914: 283, f. 20 (Df).
G. occidentalis Archer, 1951d: 2, f. 2 (f).
G. s. Benoit, 1962a: 63, f. 42 (S).
G. s. Benoit, 1964a: 50 (S).
G. s. Wiehle, 1967b: 193, f. 36 (f).
G. s. Emerit, 1974: 77, f. 27B, 30A-C (f).
G. s. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 329, f. 9-10 (Dm).
f sanguinolenta andrefanae Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
G. s. a. Emerit, 1974: 83, f. 33A-C (Df).
mf sanguinolenta bigoti Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
G. s. b. Emerit, 1974: 84, f. 28E, 34, 35A-C (Dmf).
mf sanguinolenta emeriti Roberts, 1983....................Aldabra
G. s. e. Roberts, 1983: 286, f. 225-234 (Dmf~).
f sanguinolenta insulicola Emerit, 1974....................Seychelles
G. s. i. Emerit, 1974: 81, f. 32C (Df).
f sanguinolenta legendrei Emerit, 1974....................Europa Is.
G. s. l. Emerit, 1974: 89, f. 32B (Df).
mf sanguinolenta mangrovae Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
G. s. m. Emerit, 1974: 87, f. 28D, 32A (Dmf).
f sanguinolenta rueppelli (Strand, 1916)....................Egypt
G. lepida rüppelli Strand, 1916b: 65 (Df).
f sapperi Dahl, 1914....................New Guinea
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 249, f. 3 (Df).
f sauteri Dahl, 1914....................China, Taiwan
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 281, f. 14 (Df).
G. fornicata Saito, 1959: 112, f. 138 (S, rejected).
G. s. Feng, 1990: 85, f. 60.1-5 (f).
G. s. Yin et al., 1997: 100, f. 28a-c (f).
G. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 168I-J, N, 169A (f).
f scintillans Butler, 1873....................Solomon Is.
G. s. Butler, 1873a: 156, pl. 4, f. 9 (Df).
G. s. concolor Rainbow, 1913: 12 (Df).
G. s. Chrysanthus, 1971: 45, f. 101-103 (f, S).
f signifera Pocock, 1898....................Solomon Is.
G. mollusca Keyserling, 1886a: 88, pl. 7, f. 1 (f, misidentified).
G. signifer Pocock, 1898b: 465, pl. 19, f. 6 (Df).
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 281.
G. s. Chrysanthus, 1971: 49, f. 109-111 (f).
f signifera bistrigella Strand, 1915....................Bismarck Arch.
G. s. b. Strand, 1915d: 236, pl. 20, f. 80 (Df).
f signifera heterospina Strand, 1915....................Bismarck Arch.
G. s. h. Strand, 1915d: 236 (Df).
f signifera pustulinota Strand, 1915....................Bismarck Arch.
G. s. p. Strand, 1915d: 236, pl. 20, f. 84 (Df).
f simoni O. P.-Cambridge, 1879....................Central Africa
G. s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 289, pl. 27, f. 18 (Df).
G. connata Simon, 1895a: 843.
f sororna Butler, 1873....................India
G. s. Butler, 1873a: 155, pl. 4, f. 15 (Df).
f sturi (Doleschall, 1857)....................Sumatra, Java, Moluccas
Plectana sturii Doleschall, 1857: 424 (Df).
Plectana centrum Doleschall, 1857: 425 (Df).
Plectana s. Doleschall, 1859: pl. 8, f. 1 (f).
G. s. Thorell, 1878b: 9, 294.
G. nigristernis Simon, 1899a: 92 (Df).
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 284.
G. s. Kolosváry, 1931: 1068, pl. 30, f. 3 (f).
f subaequispina Dahl, 1914....................Borneo, New Guinea
G. s. Dahl, 1914: 278, f. 19 (Df).
mf taeniata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................India to Polynesia
Plectana t. Walckenaer, 1842: 169 (Df).
G. violenta L. Koch, 1871: 5, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
G. t. L. Koch, 1871: 10.
G. hebridisia Butler, 1873a: 165 (Df).
G. albiventer Butler, 1873a: 166, pl. 4, f. 6 (Df).
G. relegata Simon, 1877c: 235 (Df).
G. albertisii Thorell, 1881: 2 (Df).
G. wallacei Thorell, 1881: 13 (Df).
G. karschii Thorell, 1887: 230 (Df).
G. t. Dahl, 1914: 287.
G. t. Chrysanthus, 1959: 202, f. 5, 14, 27 (f).
G. t. Chrysanthus, 1960: 23, f. 7-8 (Dm).
f taeniata analispina Strand, 1911....................New Guinea
G. a. Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df).
G. a. Strand, 1915d: 232, pl. 18, f. 81 (f).
f taeniata anirensis Strand, 1911....................New Ireland
G. analispina a. Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
G. analispina a. Strand, 1915d: 233, pl. 18, f. 78 (f).
f taeniata bawensis Strand, 1915....................New Guinea
G. t. b. Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df).
f taeniata jamurensis Strand, 1915....................New Guinea
G. t. j. Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df).
f taeniata lugubris Simon, 1898....................Solomon Is.
G. hebridisia l. Simon, 1898b: 274 (Df).
f taeniata maculella Strand, 1911....................Aru Is.
G. t. m. Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df).
f taeniata novahannoveriana Dahl, 1914....................Bismarck Arch.
G. t. nova-hannoveriana Dahl, 1914: 288, f. 21 (Df).
f taeniata obsoletopicta Strand, 1915....................Indonesia
G. t. o. Strand, 1915d: 235, pl. 18, f. 75 (Df).
f taeniata oinokensis Strand, 1915....................New Guinea
G. t. o. Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df).
f taeniata sentanensis Strand, 1915....................New Guinea
G. t. s. Strand, 1915d: 235 (Df).
f taeniata trivittinota Strand, 1911....................New Ireland
G. bradleyi t. Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
G. bradleyi t. Strand, 1915d: 234, pl. 17, f. 74, pl. 18, f. 83 (f).
f taeniata univittinota Strand, 1911....................New Ireland
G. bradleyi u. Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
mf theisi Guérin, 1838....................New Guinea, Moluccas
G. theisii Guérin, 1838b: 54 (Df).
Plectana praetextata Walckenaer, 1842: 166 (Df).
G. aruana Thorell, 1881: 40 (Df).
G. t. Strand, 1915d: 228, pl. 18, f. 77 (f).
G. t. Dahl, 1914: 249.
G. t. Chrysanthus, 1959: 203, f. 12, 15-18, 20-23 (mf).
G. t. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 17 (m).
f theisii antemaculata Strand, 1911....................Aru Is.
G. aruana a. Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df).
f theisii keyana Strand, 1911....................Kei Is.
G. aruana k. Strand, 1911d: 154 (Df).
f theisii quadrisignatella Strand, 1911....................Indonesia
G. t. q. Strand, 1911b: 206 (Df).
f thomasinsulae Archer, 1951....................São Tomé
G. t. Archer, 1951d: 1, f. 1 (Df).
mf thorelli Keyserling, 1864....................Madagascar
G. thorellii Keyserling, 1864: 67, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
G. formosa t. Strand, 1907n: 642.
G. t. Dahl, 1914: 276.
G. t. Emerit, 1974: 111, f. 28B, 48C, 50, 51A-C (f, Dm).
f tondanae Pocock, 1897....................Sulawesi
G. t. Pocock, 1897c: 604, pl. 25, f. 3 (Df).
f transversa C. L. Koch, 1837....................Sumatra, Java
G. t. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 14, f. 259 (Df).
G. nebulosa Butler, 1873a: 164 (Df).
G. vittata longicornis Strand, 1907m: 422 (Df).
G. t. Dahl, 1914: 280.
f unguifera Simon, 1889....................India
G. u. Simon, 1889i: 336 (Df).
G. u. Tikader, 1982a: 57, f. 115-118 (f).
mf versicolor (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Plectana v. Walckenaer, 1842: 161 (Df).
G. scapha Gerstäcker, 1873: 487 (Df).
G. v. Dahl, 1914: 279.
G. versicolor nigristerna Caporiacco, 1941b: 88 (Df).
G. v. Benoit, 1962a: 61, f. 40 (S).
G. v. Emerit, 1968: 898, f. 1-3 (mf).
G. v. Emerit, 1973: 686, f. 5A. pl. IIA-B (Dm).
G. v. Emerit, 1974: 103, f. 28F, 47A-B (mf).
G. v. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 330, f. 11-12 (m).
f versicolor avaratrae Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
G. v. a. Emerit, 1974: 109, f. 48A, 49A-C (Df).
mf versicolor formosa Vinson, 1863....................Madagascar
G. f. Vinson, 1863: 244, 315, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df).
G. f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 285, pl. 26, f. 11 (f).
G. v. f. Emerit, 1974: 109, f. 2A-C, 27A, 28A, 29, 45A-E, 48B (f, placed as subspecies, Dm).
f westringi Keyserling, 1864....................Australia, Admiralty Is., New Caledonia
G. westringii Keyserling, 1864: 66, pl. 1, f. 2 (Df).
G. laeta Fauvel, 1865: 68, pl. 1, f. 18 (Df).
G. w. L. Koch, 1871: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (f).
G. mollusca L. Koch, 1871: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
G. ocillatum Urquhart, 1889b: 152, pl. 7, f. 1-3 (Df).
G. wogeonis Strand, 1911b: 205 (Df).
G. wogeonis Strand, 1915d: 231, pl. 18, f. 82 (f).
G. w. Dahl, 1914: 281.
f benoiti Emerit, 1973....................South Africa
G. b. Emerit, 1973: 693, f. 8, 9D (Df).
G. b. Emerit, 1974: 39, f. 5D (f).
mf krausi Benoit, 1962....................Liberia, Congo
G. k. Benoit, 1962a: 11, f. 7-10 (Dmf).
f leleupi Benoit, 1962....................Congo
G. l. Benoit, 1962a: 13, f. 11 (Df).
mf schoutedeni Benoit, 1962 *....................Congo, Rwanda, Burundi
G. s. Benoit, 1962a: 9, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
G. s. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 14 (m).
In synonymy:
G. brongersmai Chrysanthus, 1971 = G. subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323).
G. catenulata Thorell, 1898 = G. subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323).
G. chelifer (Hasselt, 1882, removed from S of Argiope catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)) = G. spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326).
G. corbetti Tikader, 1982 = G. subarmata Thorell, 1890 (Levi, 1983: 323).
G. curvipes (Keyserling, 1886, T from Argiope) = G. theridioides (L. Koch, 1872) (Levi, 1983: 328).
G. decorata Thorell, 1890 = G. spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326).
G. festiva Thorell, 1895 = G. spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Levi, 1983: 326).
G. heptagon nigra Petrunkevitch, 1930 = G. heptagon (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1968a: 325).
G. praecincta (L. Koch, 1872) = G. heptagon (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1983: 322).
G. praedicta O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 = G. heptagon (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1968a: 325).
Nomina dubia:
G. decorata varians Franganillo, 1926a: 53 (Dj, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 324.
G. integra Franganillo, 1930: 19, f. 6B (Dmf, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325.
G. lineata Franganillo, 1926a: 53 (Dj, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 324.
G. partita Franganillo, 1930: 17, f. 6A (Dmf, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325.
G. severinoi Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 91 (Df, Brazil, omitted by Roewer) -- Levi, 1968a: 324.
G. subarmata maculata Franganillo, 1930: 19 (Df, Cuba) -- Levi, 1968a: 325.
f africana Simon, 1895....................Congo
G. a. Simon, 1895g: 154 (Df).
f argiopides Strand, 1911....................Aru Is., New Guinea
G. a. Strand, 1911d: 146, pl. 4, f. 10, pl. 5, f. 51 (Df).
G. a. Levi, 1983: 322, f. 345-349 (f).
f bituberculata (Thorell, 1881)....................New Guinea
Ebaea b. Thorell, 1881: 60 (Df).
G. b. Levi, 1983: 328, f. 376-380 (f).
mf eff Levi, 1983....................New Guinea, New Britain
G. e. Levi, 1983: 324, f. 336-337, 355-361 (Dmf).
mf heptagon (Hentz, 1850)....................USA, West Indies, South Pacific Is., Australia
Epeira h. Hentz, 1850: 20 (Dmf).
Ebaea praecincta L. Koch, 1872a: 130, pl. 10, f. 2, 3 (Dmf).
G. h. Keyserling, 1892: 76, pl. 3, f. 58 (f).
G. h. McCook, 1894: 208, pl. 12, f 8 (f).
G. praecincta Simon, 1895a: 765, f. 844.
G. praedicta O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 267, pl. 37, f. 11 (Dm).
G. h. Tullgren, 1901a: 9, pl. 1, f. 5 (f).
G. h. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 243, f. 93-96 (mf).
G. h. nigra Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 245, f. 97-100 (Df).
G. ergaster Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 104 (S, rejected).
G. h. Levi & Field, 1954: 448, f. 24-25, 27 (mf).
G. h. Levi, 1968a: 324, f. 1-24 (mf, S).
G. h. Levi, 1983: 322, f. 334-335, 338-344 (mf, S).
G. h. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 66 (m).
G. h. Breene et al., 1993: 101, f. 146A-C (mf).
mf infuscata Tullgren, 1910....................East Africa, Angola
G. i. Tullgren, 1910: 157, pl. 4, f. 95 (Df).
G. i. Lessert, 1915a: 26, pl. 1, f. 4, 8 (Dm).
f nilotica Simon, 1906....................Egypt, Sudan
G. n. Simon, 1906a: 1162 (Df).
mf spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 *....................India, China, Taiwan to Borneo
G. s. C. L. Koch, 1843: 101, f. 823 (Df).
Pronous chelifer Hasselt, 1882: 24, pl. 2, f. 3, pl. 4, f. 7-10 (Dm).
Argiope chelifera Thorell, 1890a: 90 (Df).
G. decorata Thorell, 1890a: 104 (Df).
G. decorata Workman & Workman, 1894: 23, pl. 23 (Dm).
G. festiva Thorell, 1895: 166 (Df).
G. festiva Workman, 1896: 30, pl. 30 (f).
G. s. Levi, 1983: 326, f. 362-375 (f, Sm).
G. s. Yin et al., 1989: 67, f. 7A-C (f).
G. s. Chang & Chang, 1997: 83, f. 1-4 (mf).
G. s. Yin et al., 1997: 90, f. 21a-f (mf).
G. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169B-D (mf).
f spinipes nigrifrons Simon, 1901....................Malaysia
G. festiva n. Simon, 1901k: 59 (Df).
mf subarmata Thorell, 1890....................India, Bangladesh to Philippines, New Guinea
G. s. Thorell, 1890a: 101 (Df).
G. catenulata Thorell, 1898: 339 (Df).
G. s. Kulczyn'ski, 1910: 392, pl. 17, f. 3, 4 (f).
G. s. Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 476, pl. 20, f. 48-49 (f, Dm).
G. brongersmai Chrysanthus, 1971: 18, f. 26-29 (Df).
G. corbetti Tikader, 1982a: 109, f. 205-210 (Df).
G. s. Levi, 1983: 323, f. 350-354 (f, S).
G. s. Okuma et al., 1993: 21, f. 16A-B (f, Dm).
G. s. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 568, f. 351a-j (f).
mf theridioides (L. Koch, 1872)....................Queensland, New South Wales
Ebaea t. L. Koch, 1872a: 132, pl. 10, f. 4 (Df).
Argiope curvipes Keyserling, 1886a: 135, pl. 17, f. 1 (Dm).
G. t. Levi, 1983: 328, f. 381-388 (f, Sm).
G. t. Davies & Gallon, 1986: 233 (f of Araneus transversus Rainbow, 1912, belongs here).
G. t. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 32 (mf).
f transversovittata Tullgren, 1910....................Congo, East Africa
G. t. Tullgren, 1910: 157, pl. 4, f. 94 (Df).
f zaragosa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
G. z. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 569, f. 352a-f (Df).
In synonymy:
G. melo (Krynicki, 1837, T from Araneus) = G. bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802) (Marusik, 1985b: 138).
mf abscissa (Karsch, 1879)....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
Epeira a. Karsch, 1879g: 69 (Df).
Aranea a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 225, pl. 11, f. 214 (f, Dm).
Araneus a. Saito, 1934b: 328.
Atea abcissa Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 40 (Tmf from Araneus, rejected).
Araneus a. Saito, 1959: 85, f. 87a-b (f).
Araneus abscissus Yaginuma, 1960: 53, f. 49 (f).
Araneus abscissus Namkung, 1964: 37, f. 24 (f).
Araneus abscissus Yaginuma, 1971: 53, f. 49 (f).
Araneus abscissus Yaginuma, 1972a: 53, f. 17-18 (mf).
Araneus abscissus Yaginuma, 1986a: 97, f. 51.3 (mf).
Araneus abscissus Song, 1987: 158, f. 119 (mf).
Araneus abscissus Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988: 53, f. 1-3 (f).
Araneus abscissus Chikuni, 1989b: 67, f. 18 (mf).
G. abscissus Yin et al., 1997: 303, f. 210a-e (Tmf from Araneus).
G. abscissus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169E-G, N, Q (mf).
mf bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802) *....................Palearctic
Aranea abdomine bicorni Lepechin, 1774: 245, pl. 16, f. 13 (f; unavailable trinomen).
Aranea bicornuta Martini & Goeze, in Lister, 1778: 263 (D for species of Lepechin, 1774; nomen oblitum).
Aranea bicornis Gmelin, 1789: 2959 (D for species of Lepechin, 1774; nomen oblitum).
Aranea b. Walckenaer, 1802: 191 (Df).
Aranea dromaderia Walckenaer, 1802: 191 (Df).
Aranea alboarcuata Panzer, 1804: 244, pl. 172, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira b. Walckenaer, 1805: 58.
Epeira dromaderia Walckenaer, 1805: 58.
Epeira furcata Walckenaer, 1826: pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira lepechini Krynicki, 1837: 78 (Df).
Epeira melo Krynicki, 1837: 81 (Df).
Epeira dromaderia Walckenaer, 1842: 126 (Dm).
Epeira dromedaria C. L. Koch, 1844: 98, f. 906-907 (mf).
Epeira bicornis Menge, 1866: 66, pl. 10, f. 13 (m).
Epeira dromedaria Menge, 1879: 560, pl. 91, f. 322 (m).
Epeira dromedaria Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira dromedaria Becker, 1896: 14, pl. 3, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira ullrichi Bösenberg, 1901: 28, pl. 1, f. 10 (Dmf).
Epeira dromedaria O. P.-Cambridge, 1909a: 111, pl. A, f. 15-17 (f).
Araneus dromedarius Lessert, 1910b: 309.
Araneus bituberculatus Simon, 1929: 699, 765, f. 1088-1090 (mf).
Epeira dromedaria Reimoser, 1931b: 84, f. 1 (mf).
Aranea b. Wiehle, 1931: 61, f. 87-90 (mf).
Aranea b. Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 16 (mf).
G. b. Archer, 1951b: 4 (Tmf from Araneus).
G. dromedaria Archer, 1951c: 2, f. 3 (m).
Araneus bituberculatus Tullgren, 1952: 168, f. 13a-d (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 123, f. 80A, 81A, 82A (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Yaginuma, 1969c: 81, f. 4-5 (f).
Araneus bituberculatus Tyschchenko, 1971: 194, f. 568 (m).
Araneus bituberculatus Miller, 1971: 208, pl. XXXIX, f. 1-2 (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Loksa, 1972: 76, f. 66A-E (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Bakhvalov, 1974: 112, f. 98, 100, 102 (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Palmgren, 1974a: 19, f. 8k-n (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Punda, 1975b: 32, f. 41-42 (f).
Araneus bituberculatus Yaginuma, Yamaguchi & Nishikawa, 1976: 826, f. 4-5 (f).
Araneus bituberculatus Tikader & Bal, 1981: 51, f. 111-144 (f).
Araneus bituberculatus Tikader, 1982a: 231, f. 448-451 (f).
G. b. Marusik, 1985b: 138 (S).
G. b. Roberts, 1985: 206, f. 92a (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Hu & Wu, 1989: 86, f. 63.1-4 (f).
G. b. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 82, f. 185 (mf).
G. b. Thaler, 1991b: 53, f. 31, 34-35 (m).
G. b. Roberts, 1995: 315, f. (mf).
Araneus bituberculatus Mcheidze, 1997: 268, f. 592-593 (m).
G. b. Yin et al., 1997: 304, f. 211a-d (f).
G. b. Levy, 1998a: 331, f. 80-87 (mf).
G. b. Roberts, 1998: 329, f. (mf).
G. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169H-J, R (f).
f bituberculata cuculligera (Simon, 1909)....................Spain
Araneus dromedarius cucuiilger Simon, 1909b: 25 (Df).
f bituberculata strandiana (Kolosváry, 1936)....................Eastern Europe
Aranea b. s. Kolosváry, 1936: 97, f. 16 (Df).
mf gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Europe to Azerbaijan
Aranea g. Walckenaer, 1802: 190 (Df).
Aranea bicornis Walckenaer, 1802: 190 (Df).
Epeira bicornis Walckenaer, 1805: 57.
Epeira g. Walckenaer, 1805: 57.
Epeira arbustorum C. L. Koch, 1837b: 3 (D).
Epeira bicornis Walckenaer, 1842: 124 (Dm).
Epeira bicornis C. L. Koch, 1844: 92, f. 902-903 (mf).
Epeira bicornis Blackwall, 1864a: 361, pl. 27, f. 260 (mf).
Epeira g. Simon, 1874a: 67 (m).
Epeira arbustorum Dahl, 1883: 28 (Dmf).
Epeira g. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 2 (f).
Epeira g. Becker, 1896: 16, pl. 3, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira g. Bösenberg, 1901: 29, pl. 1, f. 11 (mf).
Araneus gibbosus Lessert, 1910b: 168.
Araneus gibbosus Simon, 1929: 698, 764, f. 1085-1086 (mf).
Aranea g. Wiehle, 1931: 67, f. 99-102 (mf).
Aranea g. Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 18 (mf).
G. g. Archer, 1951b: 4, f. 6 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus gibbosus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 124, f. 80B, 81B, 82B (mf).
Aranea g. Zamaraev, 1964: 355, f. 46-48 (f).
Araneus gibbosus Tyschchenko, 1971: 194, f. 573 (f).
Araneus gibbosus Miller, 1971: 208, pl. XXXIX, f. 21 (f).
Araneus gibbosus Loksa, 1972: 78, f. 67C (f).
G. g. Roberts, 1985: 206, f. 92b (mf).
G. g. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 82, f. 184 (mf).
G. g. Roberts, 1995: 315, f. (mf).
G. g. Roberts, 1998: 329, f. (mf).
mf gibbosa confinis (Simon, 1870)....................Spain, Corsica
Epeira c. Simon, 1870b: 307, pl. 3, f. 1 (Dmf).
Araneus gibbosus c. Simon, 1929: 698, 764.
m hetian (Hu & Wu, 1989)....................China
Araneus h. Hu & Wu, 1989: 88, f. 65.1-6 (Dm).
G. h. Marusik, 1992: 95 (Tm from Araneus).
Araneus h. Yin et al., 1997: 203, f. 121a-f (m).
G. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169O-P, S (m).
f nanguosa Yin & Gong, 1996....................China
G. n. Yin & Gong, 1996: 74, f. 12-16 (Df).
G. n. Yin et al., 1997: 305, f. 212a-e (f).
G. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 169K-M, 170A (f).
mf occidentalis Wunderlich, 1989....................Azores
G. o. Wunderlich, 1989: 205, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
G. o. Wunderlich, 1992a: 367, f. 353-361 (mf).
mf omoeda (Thorell, 1870)....................Palearctic
Epeira bicornis Westring, 1851: 35 (D; preoccupied).
Epeira o. Thorell, 1870a: 19 (Dmf).
Epeira o. Hansen, 1882: 20, pl. 1, f. 35 (mf).
Epeira o. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira o. Bösenberg, 1901: 27, pl. 1, f. 9 (mf).
Araneus omoedus Lessert, 1910b: 310.
Araneus omoedus Simon, 1929: 699, 764, f. 1087-1088 (mf).
Aranea o. Wiehle, 1931: 66, f. 96-98 (mf).
Araneus omoedus Saito, 1934b: 328, pl. 13, f. 24 (f).
Aranea o. Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 18 (mf).
G. o. Archer, 1951b: 4 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus omoedus Tullgren, 1952: 168, f. 14a-b (f).
Araneus o. Yaginuma, 1957a: 55, f. 19 (f).
Araneus o. Saito, 1959: 88, f. 97a-d (f).
Araneus omoedus Tyschchenko, 1971: 194, f. 574 (f).
Araneus omoedus Miller, 1971: 208, pl. XXXIX, f. 20 (m).
Araneus omoedus Loksa, 1972: 78, f. 67A-B (mf).
Araneus omoedus Palmgren, 1974a: 19, f. 8f-j (mf).
G. o. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 187 (mf).
G. o. Thaler, 1991b: 53, f. 32-33 (m).
G. o. Roberts, 1995: 316, f. (mf).
G. o. Roberts, 1998: 330, f. (mf).
f tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1992....................Canary Is.
G. t. Wunderlich, 1992a: 367, f. 362-367 (Df).
mf ullrichi (Hahn, 1835)....................Europe, Russia, Central Asia
Epeira ullrichii Hahn, 1835: 66, f. 159 (Dmf).
Epeira dromedaria C. L. Koch, 1844: 98, f. 906-907 (Dmf).
Epeira u. Simon, 1874a: 64.
Epeira u. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 4 (mf).
Araneus u. Lessert, 1904: 363, pl. 5, f. 25 (f).
Araneus u. Kulczyn'ski, 1909b: 677, pl. 26, f. 19-20, 22 (m).
Araneus u. Kulczyn'ski, 1911a: 61, pl. 2 (f).
Araneus u. Simon, 1929: 699, 765, f. 1091 (mf).
Aranea u. Wiehle, 1931: 64, f. 91-95 (mf).
Aranea ulrichi Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 18 (mf).
G. u. Archer, 1951b: 4 (Tmf from Araneus).
Aranea u. Zamaraev, 1964: 356, f. 49-50 (f).
Araneus u. Azheganova, 1968: 79, f. 145, 163, 171 (mf).
Araneus u. Tyschchenko, 1971: 194, f. 569 (m).
Araneus u. Miller, 1971: 208, pl. XXXIX, f. 3-4 (mf).
Araneus u. Loksa, 1972: 77, f. 66F-H (mf).
Araneus u. Bakhvalov, 1974: 112, f. 99, 101, 103 (mf).
G. u. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 82, f. 186 (mf).
Araneus u. Mcheidze, 1997: 269, f. 594-596 (mf).
f duriuscula Simon, 1895....................Sri Lanka
G. d. Simon, 1895g: 159 (Df).
mf sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1863) *....................Italy to Israel
Epeira 6-tuberculata Keyserling, 1863: 381, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira tuberculata Canestrini & Pavesi, 1868: 796 (lapsus).
G. s. Simon, 1884j: 326.
G. s. Trani, 1905: 1, f. 1-2 (f, Dm).
G. s. Levi, 1996b: 152, f. 359-365 (mf).
G. s. Levy, 1998a: 315, f. 12-23 (mf).
In synonymy:
H. collusor Petrunkevitch, 1911 (T from Araneus) = H. margaritacea Nicolet, 1849 (Archer, 1963: 22, sub H. chilensis).
f margaritacea (Nicolet, 1849) *....................Chile
Heterognatha chilensis Nicolet, 1849: 470, pl. 5, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Nicolet, 1849 sub Epeira).
H. m. Nicolet, 1849: 471 (Df).
Araneus collusor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285 (replacement name).
Araneus margaritaceus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 301.
H. chilensis Archer, 1963: 22 (Tf from Araneus, sub junior secondary homonym replaced before 1960, S).
H. m. Levi, 1991a: 180.
j fratrellus (Chamberlin, 1924)....................China
Aranea fratrella Chamberlin, 1924a: 19 (Dj).
H. f. Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tj from Araneus).
Araneus f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 242 (considered unidentifiable).
f porculus (Simon, 1877)....................Singapore, Philippines
Epeira porcula Simon, 1877b: 78, pl. 3, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira porcula Workman, 1896: 42, pl. 42 (f).
Eriovixia porcula Archer, 1951a: 18 (Tf from Araneus).
H. porcula Archer, 1958: 14, f. 35 (Tf from Eriovixia).
mf turritus Keyserling, 1886 *....................Tasmania
H. turrita Keyserling, 1886a: 116, pl. 9, f. 3 (Dj).
Araneus turrita Simon, 11895a: 820.
H. turrita Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 25 (Dmf).
In synonymy:
H. bristowei (Mello-Leitão, 1940, T from Larinia) = H. folisecens (Hingston, 1932) (Levi, 1995b: 164).
f arnolisei Levi, 1995....................Brazil
H. a. Levi, 1995b: 165, f. 40-44 (Df).
f dimona Levi, 1995....................Brazil
H. d. Levi, 1995b: 166, f. 45-52 (Df).
mf folisecens (Hingston, 1932) *....................Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana
Epeira f. Hingston, 1932: 364 (Df).
Larinia bristowei Mello-Leitão, 1940c: 180, f. 6-7 (Dm).
H. f. Levi, 1995b: 164, f. 21-34 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
f isherton Levi, 1995....................Guyana
H. i. Levi, 1995b: 165, f. 35-39 (Df).
f incanescens Simon, 1895 *....................Sri Lanka
H. i. Simon, 1895a: 893 (Df).
Nomina dubia:
H. cruciata Tullgren, 1905: 36, pl. 5, f. 13 (j, Bolivia) -- Levi, 1996b: 105.
H. squammosa (Simon, 1864: 293, f, Brazil, originally in Micrathena) -- Levi, 1996b: 105.
f alho Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. a. Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 175-178 (Df).
f belem Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. b. Levi, 1996b: 115, f. 131-133 (Df).
m cacau Levi, 1996....................Peru, Brazil
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 179-182 (Dm).
mf cambara Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 114, f. 112-118 (Dmf).
m carpish Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 110, f. 92-94 (Dm).
mf colosso Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 17-19, 216-224 (Dmf).
f coyo Levi, 1996....................Colombia
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 118, f. 162-164 (Df).
mf cryptocephala Mello-Leitão, 1947....................Brazil
H. c. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 246, f. 12 (Df).
H. c. Levi, 1996b: 99, f. 2-16 (f, Dm).
mf deplanata (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Brazil, French Guiana
Hypophthalma d. Taczanowski, 1873: 284, pl. 6, f. 32 (Df).
H. d. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350.
H. d. Caporiacco, 1955: 359, f. 37a-b (Dm).
H. d. Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 196-207 (mf).
mf divuca Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. d. Levi, 1996b: 122, f. 183-189 (Dmf).
mf elaborata Chickering, 1953....................Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
H. e. Chickering, 1953a: 2, f. 1-10 (Dmf).
H. e. Levi, 1996b: 116, f. 138-153 (mf).
m furcifera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1881)....................Brazil
Mutina f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1881d: 771, pl. 66, f. 4 (Dm).
H. f. Simon, 1895a: 872, f. 936-937 (m).
H. f. Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 225-228 (m).
mf ica Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. i. Levi, 1996b: 118, f. 154-161 (Dmf).
f ituara Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. i. Levi, 1996b: 110, f. 88-91 (Df).
m jacaze Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. j. Levi, 1996b: 128, f. 233-236 (Dm).
f janauari Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. j. Levi, 1996b: 116, f. 134-137 (Df).
mf lagoas Levi, 1996b....................Brazil
H. l. Levi, 1996b: 100, f. 24-30 (Dmf).
mf lamoka Levi, 1996....................Venezuela
H. l. Levi, 1996b: 104, f. 38-44 (Dmf).
f maranon Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. m. Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 165-167 (Df).
m maria Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. m. Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 103-105 (Dm).
mf matisia Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. m. Levi, 1996b: 114, f. 119-127 (Dmf).
f mirandaribeiroi Soares & Camargo, 1948....................Brazil
H. m. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 371, f. 25-26 (Df).
H. mirandariberoi Brignoli, 1983c: 271 (lapsus).
H. m. Levi, 1996b: 110, 95-99 (f).
mf mozamba Levi, 1996....................Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
H. m. Levi, 1996b: 100, f. 1, 31-37, 52-53 (Dmf).
mf nasuta O. P.-Cambridge, 1896....................Mexico
H. n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1896a: 222, pl. 27, f. 3-5 (Dmf).
H. n. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 540, pl. 51, f. 27-28 (mf).
H. n. Chickering, 1953a: 6, f. 11-15 (mf).
H. n. Levi, 1996b: 104, f. 45-51, 54-55 (mf).
mf navio Levi, 1996....................Venezuela, Brazil
H. n. Levi, 1996b: 108, f. 67-76 (Dmf).
f pereiroi Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. p. Levi, 1996b: 115, f. 128-130 (Df).
mf putumayo Levi, 1996....................Colombia, Ecuador
H. p. Levi, 1996b: 124, f. 208-215 (Dmf).
f rancho Levi, 1996....................Venezuela
H. r. Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 190-192 (Df).
f saut Levi, 1996....................French Guiana
H. s. Levi, 1996b: 108, f. 64-66 (Df).
mf scutata (Perty, 1833) *....................Trinidad to Argentina
Acrosoma scutatum Perty, 1833: 194, pl. 38, f. 7 (Df).
Gasteracantha feisthamelii Guérin, 1839: 110 (Df).
Eurysoma scutatum C. L. Koch, 1839a: 117, f. 517 (f).
Epeira s. Walckenaer, 1842: 148.
Eurycorma s. Thorell, 1868b: 4.
Calydna prospiciens O. P.-Cambridge, 1874c: 175, pl. 17, f. 3 (Dm).
Paraplectana decora O. P.-Cambridge, 1877c: 34, pl. 7, f. 8 (Df).
Eurysoma s. Keyserling, 1879: 293, pl. 4, f. 1 (f, Dm).
Hypophthalma coccinellina Taczanowski, 1879: 125, pl. 2, f. 37 (Dmf).
Paraplectana s. Keyserling, 1892: 2, pl. 1, f. 2 (mf).
H. s. Simon, 1895a: 874, f. 932-935 (mf).
H. decora Simon, 1895a: 874.
H. prospiciens Simon, 1895a: 874.
H. coccinellina Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350.
H. s. Levi, 1996b: 105, f. 56-63 (mf, S).
f solimoes Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. s. Levi, 1996b: 123, f. 193-195 (Df).
f tampo Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. t. Levi, 1996b: 99, f. 20-23 (Df).
mf testudinaria (Taczanowski, 1879)....................Peru
Hypophthalma t. Taczanowski, 1879: 128, pl. 2, f. 39 (Dmf).
Hypophthalma geometrica Taczanowski, 1879: 126, pl. 2, f. 38 (Dmf).
H. t. Simon, 1895a: 873.
H. geometrica Petrunkevitch, 1911: 350.
H. t. Levi, 1996b: 109, f. 77-87 (mf, S).
m tingo Levi, 1996....................Peru
H. t. Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 100-102 (Dm).
f tocantins Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. t. Levi, 1996b: 126, f. 229-232 (Df).
f triunfo Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. t. Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 168-170 (Df).
f utari Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. u. Levi, 1996b: 120, f. 171-174 (Df).
mf viamao Levi, 1996....................Brazil
H. v. Levi, 1996b: 112, f. 106-111 (Dmf).
mf crucimaculata (Dahl, 1914) *....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Gasteracantha c. Dahl, 1914: 257, f. 4 (Df).
H. c. Dahl, 1914: 257.
Isoxya c. Benoit, 1962a: 31 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
H. c. Emerit, 1973: 688, f. 6-7, pl. IIF-G (Tf from Isoxya, Dm).
Transferred to other genera:
H. henanensis Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991 -- see Araneus.
In synonymy:
H. aenea (Kroneberg, 1875, T from Singa) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Marusik, 1989b: 43).
H. affinis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876, T from Singa) = H. albovittata (Westring, 1851) (Levy, 1984: 127).
H. atra (Kulczyn'ski, 1885, T from Singa) = H. sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Levi, 1972a: 242).
H. attica (Simon, 1884, T from Singa) = H. albovittata (Westring, 1851) (Hadjissarantos, 1940: 70, sub Singa).
H. banksi (Petrunkevitch, 1911, T from Linyphia) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1972a: 244, sub H. variabilis).
H. cubana (Banks, 1909, T from Singa) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1972a: 244, sub H. variabilis).
H. distincta (Banks, 1892, T from Microneta) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1972a: 242, sub H. variabilis).
H. hentzi (Banks, 1907, T from Singa) = H. rubens (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1972a: 250).
H. hilgendorfi (Karsch, 1879, T from Theridion) = H. sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Ono, 1981c: 4).
H. itemvarians (Bonnet, 1955, T from Araneus) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1972a: 244, sub H. variabilis).
H. laevisternis (Simon, 1909, T from Pronous) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1995b: 169).
H. linyphiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Singa) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Yaginuma, 1962c: 32, sub Singa).
H. melania (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947, T from Singa) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1972a: 244, sub H. variabilis).
H. modesta (Banks, 1896, T from Singa) = H. rubens (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1972a: 250).
H. nigripes (Keyserling, 1884, T from Singa) = H. rubens (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1972a: 250).
H. nigrofasciata (L. Koch, 1881, T from Singa) = H. albovittata (Westring, 1851) (Denis, 1952c: 1, sub Singa, after Simon, 1929).
H. orotes (Archer, 1951, T from Singa) = H. funebris (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1972a: 246, sub H. singaeformis).
H. singaeformis (Scheffer, 1904) = H. funebris (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1975b: 113).
H. theridiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Singa) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Yaginuma, 1962c: 32, sub Singa).
H. truncata (Banks, 1901, T from Singa) = H. rubens (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1972a: 250).
H. variabilis (Emerton, 1884) = H. pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831) (Levi, 1975c: 273, but see Crawford, 1988: 9 for a dissenting opinion).
f alberta Levi, 1972....................Russia, Canada
H. a. Levi, 1972a: 254, f. 99-106 (Df).
mf alboria Yin et al., 1990....................China
H. a. Yin et al., 1990: 73, f. 181-187 (Dmf).
H. a. Yin et al., 1997: 307, f. 213a-g (mf).
H. a. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1713, f. 14a-c (m).
H. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 170B-C, I-J, 171A (mf).
mf albovittata (Westring, 1851)....................Europe, North Africa, Russia, Ukraine
Singa a. Westring, 1851: 36 (D).
Epeira calva Blackwall, 1852b: 99 (Df).
Singa a. Westring, 1861: 60 (Dmf).
Epeira calva Blackwall, 1864a: 365, pl. 27, f. 263 (f).
Singa a. Menge, 1866: 84, pl. 13, f. 23 (mf).
Hyposinga a. Ausserer, 1871b: 823.
Singa affinis O. P.-Cambridge, 1876b: 575 (Df).
Singa a. Menge, 1879: 558, pl. 91, f. 321 (mf).
Singa nigrofasciata L. Koch, 1882: 627, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
Singa attica Simon, 1884j: 329 (Df).
Singa a. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 135, pl. 5, f. 26 (mf).
Singa a. Becker, 1896: 45, pl. 10, f. 1 (mf).
Singa a. Bösenberg, 1901: 51, pl. 4, f. 44 (mf).
Araneus albovittatus Lessert, 1910b: 336.
Singa a. Wiehle, 1931: 46, f. 62-63 (mf).
Singa a. Hadjissarantos, 1940: 70 (S).
Singa a. Drensky, 1943: 232, f. 13 (mf).
Singa a. Denis, 1952c: 2 (S).
Singa a. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 154, f. 102A, 103A, 104A (mf).
Singa a. Holm, 1960a: 512, f. 3 (f).
Singa a. Zamaraev, 1964: 354, f. 31-33 (Tmf from Singa s. str.).
H. a. Azheganova, 1968: 86, f. 174-175, 184 (mf).
Singa a. Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 8-9 (m).
Singa a. Loksa, 1972: 101, f. 92A-B, 94A (mf).
H. a. Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 27-29 (mf).
Singa a. Palmgren, 1974a: 11, f. 4a-c (mf).
H. a. Levy, 1984: 127, f. 42-56 (mf).
H. a. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98b (mf).
H. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 188 (mf).
H. a. Roberts, 1995: 330, f. (mf).
H. a. Mcheidze, 1997: 257, f. 564-566 (mf).
H. a. Roberts, 1998: 343, f. (mf).
mf clax Oliger, 1993....................Russia
H. c. Oliger, 1993: 65, f. 1a-d, 2a (Dmf).
mf funebris (Keyserling, 1892)....................USA, Canada
Cercidia f. Keyserling, 1892: 37, pl. 2, f, 32 (Df).
Cercidia f. McCook, 1894: 216, pl. 19, f. 9-10 (f).
Araneus singaeformis Scheffer, 1904b: 259, pl. 17, f. 4-6 (Dm).
Singa schefferi Banks, 1910: 40 (replacement name for A. s., believed preoccupied by Epeira singaeformis Hasselt, 1882).
Araneus f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 293.
Araneus schefferi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
Singa orotes Archer, 1951a: 41, f. 36-37, 61 (Dmf).
H. singaeformis Levi, 1972a: 246, f. 58-71 (Tf from Singa, Sm).
Singa singaeformis Levi, 1972c: 191, f. 1-11 (mf).
H. f. Levi, 1975b: 113 (Tf from Cercidia, Sm).
H. singaeformis Kaston, 1977: 28, f. 20 (f).
mf groenlandica Simon, 1889....................USA, Canada, Greenland
H. g. Simon, 1889j: 290 (Df).
Aranea g. Strand, 1906a: 460.
Araneus groenlandicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295.
Singa (H.) g. Holm, 1960a: 512, f. 2 (Tf from Singa s. str.).
Singa g. Holm, 1967: 68, f. 86-87 (f).
H. g. Levi, 1972a: 254, f. 89-98 (f, Dm).
mf heri (Hahn, 1831)....................Palearctic
Epeira herii Hahn, 1831a: 8, f. 5 (Dmf).
Singa h. C. L. Koch, 1837b: 6.
Singa nigrifrons C. L. Koch, 1844: 153, f. 949 (Df).
Singa nigrifrons Menge, 1866: 85, pl. 13, f. L-N (Dm).
Hypsosinga nigrifrons Ausserer, 1871b: 823.
Cercidia pachyderma Simon, 1873c: 327, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df).
Singa h. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 135, pl. 5, f. 27 (mf).
Singa h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893a: 160, f. 5 (m).
Singa h. Bösenberg, 1901: 51, pl. 4, f. 43 (mf).
Araneus h. Lessert, 1910b: 335.
Araneus h. Simon, 1929: 703, 705, 766, f. 1102-1103 (mf).
Singa h. Wiehle, 1931: 48, f. 66-68 (mf).
Singa h. Drensky, 1943: 232, f. 14 (mf).
Singa h. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 157, f. 103F, 105A-B (mf).
Singa (H.) h. Zamaraev, 1964: 354, f. 28-30 (Tmf from Singa s. str.).
H. h. Azheganova, 1968: 86, 176-177 (mf).
Singa h. Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 12-13 (mf).
Singa h. Loksa, 1972: 102, f. 93A-B (mf).
H. h. Levy, 1984: 130, f. 72-77 (mf).
H. h. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98e (mf).
H. h. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 189 (mf).
H. h. Almquist, 1994: 114, f. 10-15 (mf).
H. h. Roberts, 1995: 332, f. (mf).
H. h. Mcheidze, 1997: 258, f. 570-572 (mf).
H. h. Yin et al., 1997: 308, f. 214a-b (m).
H. h. Roberts, 1998: 344, f. (mf).
H. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 170D, K (mf).
mf lithyphantoides Caporiacco, 1947....................Uganda, Kenya
Hyposinga l. Caporiacco, 1947d: 164, f. 25 (Df).
Hyposinga l. Caporiacco, 1949a: 413, f. 54a-c (f, Dm).
mf lithyphantoides dealbata Caporiacco, 1949....................Kenya
Hyposinga l. dealbatas Caporiacco, 1949a: 414, f. 55 (Dmf).
H. l. d. Brignoli, 1983c: 271.
mf pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)....................Holarctic
Theridion pygmaeum Sundevall, 1831: 14, 1832: 121 (Df).
Micryphantes anthracinus C. L. Koch, 1837b: 11 (D).
Phrurolithus trifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1839a: 116, f. 516 (Df).
Singa trifasciata C. L. Koch, 1844: 151, f. 948 (f).
Singa anthracina C. L. Koch, 1844: 154, f. 950 (Dm).
Epeira nigrifrons Westring, 1851: 36.
Epeira trifasciata Westring, 1851: 59.
Epeira anthracina Blackwall, 1864a: 357, pl. 26, f. 257 (m).
Epeira herii Blackwall, 1864a: pl. 27, f. 264 (misidentified).
Singa heerii Menge, 1866: 84, pl. 13, f. 23A (mf, misidentified).
Singa trifasciata Ohlert, 1867: 26 (Dm).
Singa p. Thorell, 1870a: 26.
Hyposinga p. Ausserer, 1871b: 823.
Singa abbreviata Karsch, 1873: 120, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dj).
Singa p. Simon, 1874a: 128.
Singa aenea Kroneberg, 1875: 5, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Singa maculata Thorell, 1875a: 81 (Dmf).
Singa maculata Thorell, 1875c: 13 (Dmf).
Singa variabilis Emerton, 1884: 322, pl. 34, f. 16, pl. 37, f. 19-21 (Dmf).
Singa grammica Simon, 1884j: 328 (Df).
Singa p. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 135, pl. 5, f. 28 (mf).
Microneta distincta Banks, 1892a: 48, pl. 2, f. 53 (Dm).
Singa variabilis McCook, 1894: 233, pl. 20, f. 11-13, pl. 19, f. 7 (mf).
Singa p. Becker, 1896: 46, pl. 10, f. 2 (mf).
Singa p. Bösenberg, 1901: 53, pl. 4, f. 46 (mf).
Singa variabilis Emerton, 1902: 187, f. 436 (mf).
Araneus p. Lessert, 1910b: 337.
Aranea (Singa) theridiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 236, pl. 4, f. 35, pl. 15, f. 400 (Dmf).
Aranea (Singa) linyphiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 237, pl. 15, f. 421 (Df).
Linyphia bicolor Banks, 1906b: 97 (Dmf; preoccupied by Nicolet, 1849).
Pronous laevisternis Simon, 1909e: 113 (Df).
Singa cubana Banks, 1909b: 157, pl. 45, f. 8 (Df).
Linyphia banksi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 246 (replacement name for Linyphia bicolor).
Araneus varians Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323 (replacement name for Singa variabilis).
Microneta distincta Banks, 1916: 77, pl. 10, f. 1 (m).
Singa p. Wiehle, 1931: 47, f. 64-65 (mf).
Singa p. Drensky, 1943: 232, f. 13 (mf).
Singa melania Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 64 (Dj).
Singa variabilis Kaston, 1948: 240, f. 760-765 (mf).
Singa p. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 155, f. 102C, 103B, 104B (mf).
Araneus itemvarians Bonnet, 1955: 523 (replacement name for Araneus varians Petrunkevitch, 1911, preoccupied).
Singa p. Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa p. Yaginuma, 1962c: 32 (S).
Singa pygmea Namkung, 1964: 39, f. 29 (f).
Singa (H.) p. Zamaraev, 1964: 354, f. 34-36 (Tmf from Singa s. str.).
Singa p. Yaginuma, 1965b: 363, f. 3.2 (f).
H. p. Azheganova, 1968: 87, f. 185-186 (mf).
Singa p. Chu & Okuma, 1970: 70, f. 2A-B (mf).
Singa p. Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa p. Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 6-7 (m).
Singa p. Loksa, 1972: 101, f. 92C-D, 94B (mf).
H. variabilis Levi, 1972a: 242, f. 44-57 (Tmf from Singa, S).
H. p. Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 24, 26, 30 (mf).
Singa p. Palmgren, 1974a: 11, f. 4d-f (mf).
H. p. Levi, 1975c: 273, f. 21 (f, S).
Singa p. Yin, 1978: 6, f. 16A-E (mf).
Singa p. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 48, f. 31 (f).
Singa p. Song, 1980: 108, f. 53a-e (mf).
Singa p. Qiu, 1981: 17, f. 8A-D (mf).
Singa p. Wang, 1981: 104, f. 46A-C (mf).
H. p. Levy, 1984: 129, f. 57-71 (mf).
Singa p. Hu, 1984: 130, f. 131.1-4 (mf).
H. p. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98c (mf).
Singa p. Guo, 1985: 72, f. 2-25.1-3 (mf).
Singa p. Zhu et al., 1985: 87, f. 75a-e (mf).
H. p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.2 (f).
Singa p. Song, 1987: 177, f. 137 (mf).
H. p. Zhang, 1987: 80, f. 63.1-4 (mf).
H. p. Marusik, 1989b: 43 (S).
Singa p. Hu & Wu, 1989: 108, f. 83.1-3 (mf).
H. p. Feng, 1990: 100, f. 75.1-4 (mf).
Singa p. Chen & Gao, 1990: 71, f. 90a-b (mf).
Singa p. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 108, f. 102.1-5 (mf).
H. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 190 (mf).
H. p. Okuma et al., 1993: 25, f. 21A-B (mf).
Singa p. Zhao, 1993: 260, f. 122a-c (mf).
H. p. Roberts, 1995: 331, f. (mf).
H. p. Levi, 1995b: 169 (S).
H. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 611, f. 383a-c (f).
H. pigmaea Mcheidze, 1997: 257, f. 567-569 (mf).
H. p. Yin et al., 1997: 309, f. 215a-f (mf).
H. p. Roberts, 1998: 343, f. (mf).
H. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 170E-F, N, 171B (mf).
f pygmaea nigra (Simon, 1909)....................Vietnam
Pronous laevisternis niger Simon, 1909e: 113 (Df).
f pygmaea nigriceps (Kulczyn'ski, 1903)....................Turkey
Aranea p. n. Kulczyn'ski, 1903b: 649 (Df).
mf rubens (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Canada
Epeira r. Hentz, 1847: 477, pl. 31, f. 18 (Df).
Singa maculata Emerton, 1884: 323, pl. 37, f. 18 (Dmf; preoccupied by Thorell, 1875).
Singa nigripes Keyserling, 1884b: 655, pl. 21, f. 7 (Df).
Singa maculata Keyserling, 1892: 285, pl. 14, f. 210 (f).
Singa nigripes Keyserling, 1893: 290, pl. 15, f. 214 (f).
Singa nigripes McCook, 1894: 232, pl. 19, f. 5-6 (f, Dm).
Singa maculata McCook, 1894: 235, pl. 19, f. 9 (f).
Singa modesta Banks, 1896e: 70 (Df).
Singa truncata Banks, 1901c: 188 (replacement name for Singa maculata).
Singa hentzi Banks, 1907: 740, f. 20 (Df).
Araneus hentzi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296.
Araneus modestus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 304.
Araneus nigripes Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
Araneus r. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
Araneus tusus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321 (superfluous replacement name).
Singa r. Archer, 1940: 38, pl. II, f. 3 (Tf from Araneus).
Singa truncata Kaston, 1948: 241, f. 746, 766 (mf).
H. r. Levi, 1972a: 248, f. 72-88 (Tmf from Singa, S).
H. r. Breene et al., 1993: 107, f. 165A-C (mf).
mf sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844) *....................Palearctic
Singa s. C. L. Koch, 1844: 155, f. 951 (Df).
Epeira s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1873b: 552 (Dm).
Theridion hilgendorfi Karsch, 1879g: 63, pl. 1, f. 2 (Dm).
Singa atra Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 23, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
Singa s. Bösenberg, 1901: 52, pl. 4, f. 45 (mf).
Theridion hilgendorfi Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 148, pl. 15, f. 401 (Df).
Araneus sanguineus Simon, 1929: 703, 707, 767.
Singa s. Wiehle, 1931: 49, f. 69-70 (mf).
Singa s. Nakatsudi, 1942b: 12, f. 3B-C (f).
Singa s. Drensky, 1943: 232, f. 14 (mf).
Singa s. Tullgren, 1952: 162, f. 8a-b (m).
Singa s. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 155, f. 103D-E, 104C (mf).
Singa s. Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa s. Paik, 1962: 76, f. 4 (f).
Singa (H.) s. Zamaraev, 1964: 354, f. 37-39 (Tmf from Singa s. str.).
Singa s. Yaginuma, 1965b: 363, f. 3.3 (f).
H. s. Azheganova, 1968: 87, f. 178, 187 (mf).
Singa s. Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa s. Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 10-11 (mf).
Singa s. Loksa, 1972: 103, f. 93C-D (mf).
H. s. Izmailova, 1972c: 55, f. 6 (f).
H. s. Levi, 1972a: 242, f. 35-43 (mf, S).
Singa s. Palmgren, 1974a: 11, f. 3h-l (mf).
H. s. Ono, 1981c: 4, f. 2 (Sm).
Singa s. Hu, 1984: 130, f. 132.1-3 (mf).
H. s. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98d (mf).
Singa s. Guo, 1985: 72, f. 2-26.1-2 (f).
H. s. Zhu et al., 1985: 77, f. 65a-f (mf).
H. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.3 (f).
H. s. Song, 1987: 169, f. 129 (f).
H. s. Zhang, 1987: 81, f. 64.1-3 (mf).
H. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 76, f. 42 (mf).
H. s. Feng, 1990: 99, f. 74.1-3 (mf).
H. s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 72, f. 91a-b (mf).
H. s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 109, f. 103.1-3 (f).
H. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 191 (mf).
H. s. Oliger, 1993: 65, f. 2b-c (m).
H. s. Zhao, 1993: 237, f. 110a-c (mf).
H. s. Roberts, 1995: 331, f. (mf).
H. s. Mcheidze, 1997: 258, f. 573-574 (mf).
H. s. Yin et al., 1997: 310, f. 216a-f (mf).
H. s. Roberts, 1998: 344, f. (mf).
H. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 170G-H, L-M, 171C (mf).
mf taprobanica (Simon, 1895)....................Sri Lanka
Pronous taprobanicus Simon, 1895a: 863, f. 952 (Dmf).
H. t. Levi, 1995b: 169 (Tmf from Pronous).
mf turkmenica Bakhvalov, 1978....................Turkmenistan
Hyposinga t. Bakhvalov, 1978: 792, f. 8-12 (Dmf).
f vaulogeri (Simon, 1909)....................Vietnam
Araneus (H.) v. Simon, 1909e: 110 (Df).
m wanica Song, Qian & Gao, 1996....................China
H. w. Song, Qian & Gao, in Song et al., 1996: 106, f. 2A-C (Dm).
H. w. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 170O-P (m).
f triquetra Simon, 1903....................South Africa
I. t. Simon, 1903d: 27 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
I. camerunensis (Thorell, 1899) -- see Afracantha.
I. crucimaculata (Dahl, 1914) -- see Hypsacantha.
I. galeata Simon, 1887 -- see Aetrocantha.
I. nordviei (Strand, 1913) -- see Togacantha.
In synonymy:
I. rogersi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879, removed from S of I. testudinaria) = I. semiflava Simon, 1887 (Benoit, 1962a: 29).
I. testudinaria benina (Strand, 1913, T from Gasteracantha) = I. testudinaria (Simon, 1901) (Benoit, 1962a: 31).
I. tuberifera (Dahl, 1914, T from Gasteracantha) = I. cicatricosa (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Benoit, 1962a: 38).
mf basilewskyi Benoit & Emerit, 1975....................Rwanda, Congo
I. b. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 324, f. 4-6 (Dmf).
mf cicatricosa (C. L. Koch, 1844) *....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Gasteracantha c. C. L. Koch, 1844: 54, f. 877 (Df).
Isacantha hildebrandti Karsch, 1878b: 313, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
Gasteracantha wealii O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 290, pl. 27, f. 20 (Df).
Gasteracantha proba O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 291, pl. 27, f. 22 (Df).
Gasteracantha pygmaea Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 47, pl. 2, f. 29 (Dm).
Gasteracantha sanguinipes Strand, 1906b: 625 (Df).
Gasteracantha hildebrandti Strand, 1908g: 433 (Dm).
Gasteracantha c. Dahl, 1914: 256.
Gasteracantha tubifera Dahl, 1914: 256, f. 18 (Df).
I. c. Benoit, 1962a: 38, f. 25bis (Tmf from Gasteracantha, S).
I. c. Emerit, 1973: 676, f. 2A-C, pl. IA, C (m).
I. c. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 327, f. 8a-b (m).
mf cowani (Butler, 1882)....................Madagascar
Gasteracantha c. Butler, 1882b: 766, pl. 57, f. 5 (Dm).
Gasteracantha c. Dahl, 1914: 255 (Df).
I. c. Emerit, 1974: 49, f. 7A, 11, 12A-C, 16A (Tmf from Gasteracantha).
mf mahafalensis Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
I. m. Emerit, 1974: 43, f. 7C, 8, 9A-C, 10A-C, 16B (Dmf).
f milloti Emerit, 1974....................Madagascar
I. m. Emerit, 1974: 55, f. 15, 16C (Df).
f mossamedensis Benoit, 1962....................Angola
I. m. Benoit, 1962a: 24, f. 17 (Df).
mf mucronata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Central, Southern Africa
Plectana m. Walckenaer, 1842: 156 (Df).
Gasteracantha tuberosa Thorell, 1859: 303 (Df).
Stanneoclavis tuberosa Karsch, 1879a: 330.
Gasteracantha purpurea Simon, 1884k: 19, pl. 1, f. 9 (Df).
Gasteracantha m. Dahl, 1914: 255.
I. m. Benoit, 1962a: 27, f. 20 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
I. m. Emerit, 1982b: 160, pl. 1C, f. 2 (Dm).
f nigromutica (Caporiacco, 1939)....................East Africa
Gasteracantha n. Caporiacco, 1939a: 348 (Df).
I. m. Benoit, 1962a: 66 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
mf penizoides Simon, 1887....................West, Central, East Africa
Isoxia p. Simon, 1887a: 269 (Df).
Gasteracantha p. Simon, 1895a: 843, f. 892 (f).
Plectana p. Thorell, 1899: 64.
Gasteracantha p. Simon, 1907d: 302 (Dm).
I. p. Benoit, 1962a: 20 (Tmf from Gasteracantha).
I. p. Emerit, 1982b: 162, pl. 1B.
f reuteri (Lenz, 1886)....................Madagascar
Gasteracantha r. Lenz, 1886: 382, pl. 10, f. 3 (Df).
G. maculosa Lenz, 1886: 383, pl. 10, f. 4 (f).
I. r. Dahl, 1914: 255.
I. r. Benoit, 1962d: 373 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
I. r. Emerit, 1974: 51, f. 7B, 13, 14A-C, 16D (f).
f semiflava Simon, 1887....................West, Central Africa
Isoxia s. Simon, 1887a: 268, pl. 6, f. 2 (Df).
I. s. Simon, 1895a: 843, f. 893 (f).
Gasteracantha rogersi O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 292, pl. 27, f. 23 (Dm).
I. s. Benoit, 1962a: 29, f. 22 (removed f from S of I. mucronata, S).
f somalica (Caporiacco, 1940)....................Somalia
Gasteracantha s. Caporiacco, 1940c: 773, f. 2 (Df).
I. s. Benoit, 1962a: 67 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
f stuhlmanni (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Gasteracantha s. Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 48, pl. 2, f. 30 (Df).
I. s. Benoit, 1962a: 34, f. 25 (Tf from Gasteracantha).
mf tabulata (Thorell, 1859)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Gasteracantha t. Thorell, 1859: 303 (Df).
Gasteracantha modesta Thorell, 1859: 303 (Dm).
Isoxia t. Pavesi, 1895a: 497.
Gasteracantha cicatrella Strand, 1907a: 537 (Df).
Gasteracantha kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910: 169 (Df).
Gasteracantha momboensis Tullgren, 1910: 170 (Df).
Gasteracantha t. Dahl, 1914: 255, f. 8 (f).
Gasteracantha t. Lawrence, 1937: 234, f. 11 (mf).
I. t. Benoit, 1962a: 36 (Tmf from Gasteracantha).
I. t. Emerit, 1973: 680, f. 3A-C, pl. IE-G (m).
I. t. Benoit & Emerit, 1975: 327, f. 7a-b (m).
mf testudinaria (Simon, 1901)....................West, Central, East Africa
Gasteracantha t. Simon, 1901d: 20 (Df).
Gasteracantha t. benina Strand, 1913a: 385 (Df).
I. t. Benoit, 1962a: 31, f. 23 (Tmf from Gasteracantha, S).
I. t. Emerit, 1982b: 163, pl. 1D.
f yatesi Emerit, 1973....................South Africa
I. y. Emerit, 1973: 683, f. 4 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
K. dromedaria O. P.-Cambridge, 1893 -- see Pozonia.
K. granadensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 -- see Pozonia.
In synonymy:
K. aries (Mello-Leitão, 1937) = K. altiventer O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1977b: 218).
K. cornifera (Mello-Leitão, 1943) = K. altiventer O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1993c: 214).
K. minutissima (Mello-Leitão, 1941) = K. gibberosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 (Levi, 1993c: 216).
K. obtusa Keyserling, 1892 = K. gibberosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 (Levi, 1993c: 216).
K. spinosa Simon, 1896 = K. altiventer O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (Levi, 1977b: 218).
Nomina dubia:
K. capra Simon, 1896b: 479, f, Paraguay -- Levi, 1993c: 214.
K. monstrosa (Mello-Leitão, 1940a: 59, f. 6a-b, f, Brazil, originally in Macpos) -- Levi, 1993c: 216.
mf alba (Hentz, 1850)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira a. Hentz, 1850: 30, pl. 3, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira leucogaster Marx, 1890: 546.
K. a. Keyserling, 1892: 64, pl. 3, f. 50 (f).
K. a. McCook, 1894: 202, pl. 12, f. 3 (f).
K. a. Levi, 1977b: 216, f. 117-129 (f, Dm).
K. a. Levi, 1993c: 216, f. 1-2, 23-28 (mf).
K. a. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 374, f. 16 (m).
mf altiventer O. P.-Cambridge, 1889....................USA to Brazil
K. a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 56, pl. 8, f. 13 (Df).
K. a. Keyserling, 1892: 62, pl. 3, f. 48 (f).
Caira spinosa Simon, 1897b: 478 (Df).
K. a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 522, pl. 51, f. 10 (f).
Pronarachne aries Mello-Leitão, 1937a: 9, f. 10 (Df).
Haliger corniferus Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 180, f. 18 (Df).
K. a. Levi, 1977b: 218, f. 130-137 (f, Dm, S).
K. a. Levi, 1993c: 213, f. 3-22 (mf, S).
f candidissima (Mello-Leitão, 1941)....................Argentina
Macpos candidissimus Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 212, f. 18-19 (Df).
K. c. Brignoli, 1983c: 271.
K. c. Levi, 1993c: 221, f. 66-69 (f).
mf cobimcha Levi, 1993....................Brazil
K. c. Levi, 1993c: 223, f. 86-92 (Dmf).
f conica Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948....................Brazil, Argentina
K. c. Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 11, f. 11-13 (Df).
K. c. Levi, 1993c: 221, f. 70-74 (f).
f dianae Levi, 1993....................Peru
K. d. Levi, 1993c: 221, f. 61-65 (Df).
mf echinus (Simon, 1897)....................Brazil, Argentina
Caira e. Simon, 1897b: 479 (Df).
K. e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 352.
K. e. Levi, 1993c: 222, f. 75-81 (f, Dm).
m electa (Keyserling, 1883)....................Brazil
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1883a: 196, pl. 15, f. 2 (Dmf).
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1893: 250, pl. 12, f. 186 (m).
Araneus electus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
K. e. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tm from Araneus).
f erwini Levi, 1993....................Peru
K. e. Levi, 1993c: 220, f. 52-56 (Df).
mf gibberosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 *....................Mexico to Brazil
K. g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 57, pl. 3, f. 12 (Df).
K. g. Keyserling, 1892: 63, pl. 3, f. 49 (f).
K. obtusa Keyserling, 1892: 66, pl. 3, f. 51 (Dj).
K. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 522, pl. 51, f. 9 (f).
Wagneriana minutissima Mello-Leitão, 1941c: 250 (Df).
K. minutissima Levi, 1991b: 373 (Tf from Wagneriana).
K. g. Levi, 1993c: 216, f. 29-47 (f, Sm).
mf hiteae Levi, 1977....................USA
K. h. Levi, 1977b: 220, f. 138-140 (Dm).
K. h. Levi, 1993c: 222, f. 82-85 (Df).
f levii Alayón, 1993....................Cuba
K. l. Alayón, 1993e: 2, f. 1A-D (Df).
f sabino Levi, 1977....................USA
K. s. Levi, 1977b: 221, f. 141-147 (Df).
mf sexta (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Guatemala to Brazil
Aranea s. Chamberlin, 1916: 255, pl. 19, f. 7 (Df).
Araneus s. Levi, 1991a: 259, f. 339-342 (Dmf; N.B.: Chamberlin's f is juvenile).
K. s. Levi, 1993c: 24 (Tmf from Araneus).
f shinguito Levi, 1993....................Peru
K. s. Levi, 1993c: 220, f. 57-60 (Df).
f tulua Levi, 1993....................Colombia
K. t. Levi, 1993c: 220, f. 48-51 (Df).
In synonymy:
K. franganilloides (Brignoli, 1983, T from Araneus) = K. sellata (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1997: 242).
K. nympha (Simon, 1895, T from Cyrtophora) = K. sexnotata (Simon, 1895) (Levi, 1997: 249).
K. setospinosa (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, T from Araneus) = K. cyrtophoroides (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) (Levi, 1997: 244, contra Levi, 1991a: 178m sub Cyrtophora nympha).
mf alayoi (Archer, 1958)....................Greater Antilles, Panama to Argentina
Cyrtophora a. Archer, 1958: 9, f. 14-16 (Dm).
K. a. Levi, 1997: 246, f. 133-139 (Tm from Cyrtophora, Df).
mf cyrtophoroides (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
Aranea c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 518, pl. 51, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 288.
Araneus setospinosus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 48, pl. 14, f. 124 (Df).
K. c. Levi, 1997: 244, f. 123-132 (removed f from S of Cyrtophora nympha, contra Levi, 1991a: 178, Dm).
mf sellata (Simon, 1895) *....................Greater Antilles, Costa Rica to Argentina
Cyrtophora s. Simon, 1895g: 155 (Df).
Cyrtophora s. Blanke, 1976b: 125, f. 1a-c, 2a-e (f, Dm).
Araneus rugosus Franganillo, 1936c: 75, f. 33 (Df; preoccupied by Badcock, 1932).
A. franganilloides Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name for A. rugosus Franganillo).
K. s. Levi, 1997: 243, f. 107-122 (Tmf from Cyrtophora, S).
mf sexnotata (Simon, 1895)....................Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
Cyrtophora s. Simon, 1895g: 155 (Df).
Cyrtophora nympha Simon, 1895g: 156 (Dj).
Cyrtophora nympha Levi, 1991a: 178 (S, rejected).
K. s. Levi, 1997: 249, f. 140-147 (Tf from Cyrtophora, Dm, S).
In synonymy:
K. mitis (Pavesi, 1897, T from Larinia) = K. decens (Blackwall, 1866) (Grasshoff, 1970a: 123).
K. simillima (Lessert, 1915, T from Larinia) = K. griseovariegata (Tullgren, 1910) (Grasshoff, 1970a: 124).
mf conspersa Grasshoff, 1970....................Congo
K. c. Grasshoff, 1970a: 127, f. 1e-f, 4a-d, 6a-c, 8c, 11 (Dmf; N.B.: omitted by Brignoli).
mf decens (Blackwall, 1866) *....................Central, East, Southern Africa, Seychelles
Epeira d. Blackwall, 1866: 461 (Dj).
Larinia mitis Pavesi, 1897b: 163 (Df).
Larinia d. Tullgren, 1910: 160, pl. 4, f. 102 (Dmf).
K. d. Grasshoff, 1970a: 122, f. 1a-d, 2a-c, 5a-c, 8a-b, 9 (Tmf from Larinia, S).
mf griseovariegata (Tullgren, 1910)....................Central, East Africa
Larinia g. Tullgren, 1910: 161, pl. 4, f. 105 (Dmf).
Larinia simillima Lessert, 1915a: 28, pl. 2, f. 27-29 (Dmf).
K. g. Grasshoff, 1970a: 124, f. 3a-d, 7a-c, 8d, 10 (Tmf from Larinia, S).
Transferred to other genera:
L. albosigillata Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Araneus.
L. argiopiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 -- see Lariniaria.
L. atomaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) -- see Siwa.
L. badiana Roewer, 1961 -- see Araneus.
L. bartelsi Lessert, 1933 -- see Paralarinia.
L. bristowei Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see Hingstepeira.
L. coamensis Petrunkevitch, 1930 -- see Metazygia.
L. decens (Blackwall, 1866) -- see Kilima.
L. delicata Rainbow, 1920 -- see Lipocrea.
L. denisi Lessert, 1938 -- see Paralarinia.
L. diluta (Thorell, 1887) -- see Lipocrea.
L. dufouri Simon, 1874 -- see Siwa.
L. eburneiventris Simon, 1908 -- see Araneus.
L. epeiroides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) -- see Lipocrea.
L. faradjensis Lessert, 1930 -- see Faradja.
L. fasciata Thorell, 1899 -- see Lipocrea.
L. forata Keyserling, 1893 -- see Araneus.
L. fusiformis (Thorell, 1877) -- see Lipocrea.
L. griseovariegata Tullgren, 1910 -- see Kilima.
L. hewitti Lessert, 1930 -- see Mahembea.
L. incerta Tullgren, 1910 -- see Paralarinia.
L. latro (Fabricius, 1775) -- see Alpaida.
L. longissima Simon, 1881 -- see Lipocrea.
L. lutescens Thorell, 1898 -- see Lipocrea.
L. maulliniana Mello-Leitão, 1951 -- see Zygiella.
L. melanosticta Thorell, 1891 -- see Lipocrea.
L. mitis Pavesi, 1897 -- see Kilima.
L. montagui Hogg, 1914 -- see Lariniaria.
L. mundula (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
L. mundulella (Strand, 1915) -- see Metazygia.
L. nigrofoliata Keyserling, 1884 -- see Araneus.
L. nigrolimbata Simon, 1909 -- see Lipocrea.
L. nobilis Mello-Leitão, 1944 -- see Araneus.
L. ovata Denis, 1947 -- see Siwa.
L. peltiventris Strand, 1913 -- see Paralarinia.
L. punctifera Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 -- see Lariniaria.
L. pura Simon, 1907 -- see Araneus.
L. quadrinotata Simon, 1889 -- see Lipocrea.
L. quinquepunctata Tullgren, 1910 -- see Lipocrea.
L. quinquepunctata concolor Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Lipocrea.
L. rubroguttulata Keyserling, 1879 -- see Eustala.
L. scriba (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Alpaida.
L. silvestris Bryant, 1942 -- see Metazygia.
L. simillima Lessert, 1915 -- see Kilima.
L. tabida (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Lipocrea.
L. tibelloides Lessert, 1930 -- see Lipocrea.
L. vicina Kulczyn'ski, 1911 -- see Lipocrea.
L. viriosa (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Metazygia.
In synonymy:
L. albigera Yin et al., 1990 (N.B.: f only, m=Lariniaria argiopiformis) = L. phthisica (L. Koch, 1871) (Yin, 1994: 135).
L. albonigra Franganillo, 1931 = L. directa (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 106).
L. albotaeniata Simon, 1906 = L. acuticauda Simon, 1906 (Grasshoff, 1970b: 217, sub Drexelia).
L. antarctica Simon, 1905 = L. bivittata Keyserling, 1885 (Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 256).
L. bellona Banks, 1898 = L. directa (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 106).
L. camerunica (Strand, 1908) = L. acuticauda Simon, 1906 (Grasshoff, 1971a: 94, sub Drexelia).
L. chhagani Patel, 1975 = L. phthisica (L. Koch, 1871) (Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 44).
L. cymotympa Chamberlin, 1924 = L. directa (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 106).
L. flavescens Simon, 1882 = L. chloris (Audouin, 1826) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 222).
L. lintearia (Keyserling, 1893, T from Mangora) = L. bivittata Keyserling, 1885 (Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 256).
L. mormon (Keyserling, 1892, T from Araneus) = L. famulatoria (Keyserling, 1883) (Levi, 1975b: 110).
L. nenilini Marusik, 1986 = L. phthisica (L. Koch, 1871) (Yin et al., 1997: 321).
L. nigrovittata Mello-Leitão, 1947 = L. directa (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 106).
L. octopunctata (Caporiacco, 1955) = L. directa (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 106).
L. punctipedana Strand, 1913 = L. bifida Tullgren, 1910 (Grasshoff, 1970b: 217, sub Drexelia).
L. shandongensis Yin et al., 1990 = L. sekiguchii Tanikawa, 1989 (Yin, 1994: 135).
L. turcmenica Spassky, 1939 = L. pubiventris Simon, 1889 (Marusik, 1986b: 247).
mf acuticauda Simon, 1906....................West Africa to Israel
L. a. Simon, 1906a: 1164 (Df).
L. albotaeniata Simon, 1906a: 1164 (Df).
Drexelia camerunica Strand, 1908e: 269 (Df).
Drexelia a. Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tf from Larinia, S).
Drexelia a. Grasshoff, 1971a: 94, f. 46a-e (mf, S).
Drexelia a. Levy, 1986: 8, f. 40-49 (mf).
mf ambo Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991....................Ecuador, Peru
L. a. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 257, f. 26-31 (Dmf).
f assimilis Tullgren, 1910....................East Africa
L. a. Tullgren, 1910: 161, pl. 4, f. 106 (Df).
Drexelia a. Grasshoff, 1971a: 90, f. 41a-d (Tf from Larinia).
m astrigera Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. a. Yin et al., 1990: 78, f. 195-198 (Dm).
L. a. Yin et al., 1997: 314, f. 218a-d (m).
L. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171T-U (m).
f bifida Tullgren, 1910....................Central, East, Southern Africa
L. b. Tullgren, 1910: 160, pl. 4, f. 103 (Df; not m, =Paralarinia incerta).
L. punctipedana Strand, 1913a: 369 (Df; not m, =Paralarinia incerta).
Drexelia b. Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tf from Larinia, not m, =Paralarinia incerta, S).
Drexelia b. Grasshoff, 1971a: 88, f. 30b, 38a-c (f).
mf bivittata Keyserling, 1885....................Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile
L. b. Keyserling, 1885: 526, pl. 13, f. 25 (Df).
Epeira lintearia Keyserling, 1893: 236, pl. 11, f. 176 (Df).
L. b. Keyserling, 1893: 293, pl. 15, f. 217 (f).
Mangora lintearia Simon, 1895a: 791.
L. antarctica Simon, 1905e: 10 (Df).
Araneus antarctica Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tf from Larinia, rejected).
L. b. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 256, f. 20-25 (f, Dm, S).
f blandula (Grasshoff, 1971)....................West Africa
Drexelia b. Grasshoff, 1971a: 85, f. 35a-d (Df).
mf bonneti Spassky, 1939....................Austria, Russia, Georgia, Japan
L. b. Spassky, 1939b: 304, f. 4-5, 7 (Dmf).
L. b. Marusik, 1986a: 21, f. 2.1-4 (mf).
L. b. Marusik, 1986b: 250, f. 17-21 (mf).
L. b. Tanikawa, 2000b: 205, f. 1-4 (mf).
mf borealis Banks, 1894....................North America
L. b. Banks, 1894a: 8 (D).
L. b. McCook, 1894: 247, pl. 22, f. 1-2 (mf).
L. b. Kaston, 1948: 228, f. 732-733 (f).
L. b. Archer, 1951b: 27, f. 46 (m).
Drexelia b. Grasshoff, 1971a: 89, f. 40a-d (Tmf from Larinia).
L. b. Levi, 1975b: 108, f. 13-21, 32, 35, 42-44 (mf).
L. b. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 375, f. 20 (m).
mf bossae Marusik, 1986....................Russia
L. b. Marusik, 1986b: 252, f. 25-29 (Dmf).
mf chloris (Audouin, 1826)....................Middle East to Mozambique, India
Epeira c. Audouin, 1826: 347, pl. 3, f. 5 (Dm).
L. flavescens Simon, 1882b: 233 (Dj).
L. chloreis Denis, 1947a: 46, pl. II, f. 6 (f).
L. c. Grasshoff, 1970b: 222, f. 7a-d, 8a-d, 9a (mf, S).
L. c. Grasshoff, 1973b: 148, f. 11 (mf).
L. c. Tikader, 1982a: 206, f. 404-407 (mf).
L. c. Levy, 1986: 5, f. 18-27 (mf).
mf cyclera Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. c. Yin et al., 1990: 80, f. 199-205 (Dmf).
L. c. Yin, 1994: 135 (Tm to Lipocrea fusiformis, subsequently rejected).
L. c. Yin et al., 1997: 315, f. 219a-g (mf).
L. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171D-E, V-W, 172K (mf).
f dasia (Roberts, 1983)....................Aldabra
Drexelia d. Roberts, 1983: 262, f. 160-161 (Df).
mf dinanea Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. d. Yin et al., 1990: 82, f. 206-212 (Dmf).
L. d. Yin et al., 1997: 316, f. 220a-g (mf).
L. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171F-G, 172A-B, L (mf).
mf directa (Hentz, 1847)....................USA to Brazil
Epeira d. Hentz, 1847: 478, pl. 31, f. 21 (Df).
Epeira rubella Hentz, 1847: 478, pl. 31, f. 22 (Df).
Epeira tetragnathoides O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 16 (D).
Epeira intercisa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 18, pl. 5, f. 11 (Dm).
Drexelia d. McCook, 1892: 127.
Epeira deludens Keyserling, 1893: 261, pl. 13, f. 19 (Dmf).
Drexelia d. McCook, 1894: 249, pl. 6, f. 10-11, pl. 22, f. 3 (f).
Larinia d. Banks, 1894a: 8.
L. bellona Banks, 1898b: 257, pl. 15, f. 6 (Dmf).
Larinia d. Emerton, 1902: 182, f. 424-427 (mf).
Drexelia d. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 461, pl. 43, f. 12-13 (mf).
Drexelia bellona F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 461.
L. cymotypa Chamberlin, 1924b: 649, f. 93 (Df).
L. albonigra Franganillo, 1931: 44, f. 23 (Dmf).
L. albonigra Franganillo, 1936c: 81, f. 38 (m).
Metazygia albonigra Bryant, 1940: 339, f. 107-109, 111 (Tmf from Larinia, based on misidentified Metazygia zilloides, rejected).
L. nigrovittata Mello-Leitão, 1947c: 12, f. 26-27 (Dm).
L. d. Archer, 1951b: 27, f. 44 (m).
Drexelia octopunctata Caporiacco, 1955: 349, f. 32 (Df).
Araneus albonigra Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tmf from Larinia, rejected).
Drexelia d. Grasshoff, 1971a: 93, f. 45a-d (mf).
L. d. Levi, 1975b: 105, f. 1-12, 31, 34, 37-41 (mf, S).
L. d. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 249, f. 1-5 (mf).
mf elegans Spassky, 1939....................Russia, China
L. e. Spassky, 1939b: 302, f. 3 (Df).
L. e. Spassky, 1940: 361, f. 12-13 (Dm).
L. e. Marusik, 1986a: 22, f. 3.1-4 (mf).
L. e. Marusik, 1986b: 248, f. 11-16 (mf).
L. e. Song, Zhou & Chen, 1992: 9, f. 1A-F (mf).
L. e. Yin et al., 1997: 318, f. 221a-f (mf).
L. e. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171H-I, 172C-D (mf).
mf famulatoria (Keyserling, 1883)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1883a: 201, pl. 15, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira mormon Keyserling, 1892: 182, pl. 9, f. 134 (Df).
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1893: 231, pl. 11, f. 172 (f).
Epeira mormon McCook, 1894: 164, pl. 6, f. 5 (f).
Aranea mormon F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 517, pl. 51, f. 1 (f).
L. f. Banks, 1910: 38.
Araneus mormon Petrunkevitch, 1911: 304.
L. f. Levi, 1975b: 110, f. 22-30, 33, 36, 45-46 (f, Dm, S).
m ishango (Grasshoff, 1971)....................Congo
Drexelia i. Grasshoff, 1971a: 92, f. 44a-b (Dm).
f jaysankari Biswas, 1984....................India
L. j. Biswas, 1984b: 133, f. 1-3 (Df).
mf jeskovi Marusik, 1986....................Poland, Russia, Mongolia, Japan
L. j. Marusik, 1986b: 253, f. 30-34 (Dmf).
L. j. Tanikawa, 1989: 44, f. 34-40 (mf).
L. j. Kupryjanowicz, 1995a: 78, f. 1-13 (mf).
f kampala (Grasshoff, 1971)....................Uganda
Drexelia k. Grasshoff, 1971a: 91, f. 43a-b (Df).
f kanpurae Patel & Nigam, 1994....................India
L. k. Patel & Nigam, 1994: 201, f. 1a-d (Df).
f lampa Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991....................Peru, Bolivia
L. l. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 252, f. 6-9 (Df).
mf lineata (Lucas, 1846) *....................Western Mediterranean
Epeira l. Lucas, 1846: 248, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
L. l. Simon, 1895a: 795, f. 848, 855 (f, Dm).
Araneus lineatus Simon, 1929: 692, 762, f. 1069-1071 (mf).
L. l. Grasshoff, 1970b: 221, f. 6a-e (mf).
L. l. Grasshoff, 1973b: 148, f. 11 (mf).
L. l. Barrientos, Morano & Ferrández, 1983: 286, f. 1A-C (f).
f macrohooda Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. m. Yin et al., 1990: 84, f. 213-217 (Df).
L. m. Yin et al., 1997: 319, f. 222a-f (f).
L. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171J-K, 172M (f).
f microhooda Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. m. Yin et al., 1990: 86, f. 218-220 (Df).
L. m. Yin et al., 1997: 320, f. 223a-c (f).
L. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171L-M, 172N ((f).
f minor (Bryant, 1945)....................Hispaniola
Drexelia m. Bryant, 1945a: 367, f. 10 (Df).
L. m. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 254, f. 16-19 (f).
mf montecarlo (Levi, 1988)....................Brazil, Argentina
Alpaida m. Levi, 1988: 414, f. 172-174 (Df).
L. m. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 260, f. 43-48 (Tf from Alpaida, Dm).
f natalensis (Grasshoff, 1971)....................South Africa
Drexelia n. Grasshoff, 1971a: 87, f. 36a-d (Df).
f neblina Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991....................Venezuela
L. n. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 258, f. 32-35 (Df).
m nolabelia Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. n. Yin et al., 1990: 88, f. 223-226 (Dm).
L. n. Yin et al., 1997: 320, f. 224a-d (m).
L. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 172E-F, O (m).
f obtusa (Grasshoff, 1971)....................Congo
Drexelia o. Grasshoff, 1971a: 87, f. 37a-e (Df).
mf onoi Tanikawa, 1989....................Japan
L. o. Tanikawa, 1989: 40, f. 22-27 (Dmf).
m parangmata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
L. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 617, f. 388a-f (Dm).
mf phthisica (L. Koch, 1871)....................Asia, Japan, Philippines, Australia
Epeira p. L. Koch, 1871: 103, pl. 8, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira p. Keyserling, 1887a: 171, pl. 14, f. 6 (Dm).
L. p. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 205, f. 42-45 (f).
L. p. Grasshoff, 1970b: 224, f. 7a-e, 8f-i (mf).
L. p. Grasshoff, 1973b: 148, f. 11 (f).
L. chhagani Patel, 1975a: 113, f. 5-8 (Dmf).
L. phtisica Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 44, f. 72-73 (f, S).
L. phtisica Tikader, 1982a: 208, f. 408-410 (f).
L. nenilini Marusik, 1986b: 246, f. 1-5 (Dmf).
L. p. Tanikawa, 1989: 36, f. 15-21 (mf).
L. albigera Yin et al., 1990: 76, f. 188-194 (Df; m=Lariniaria argiopiformis).
L. nenilini Song, Zhou & Chen, 1992: 10, f. 2A-F (mf).
L. p. Okuma et al., 1993: 23, f. 18, 20A-B (f).
L. p. Yin, 1994: 135 (S, Tm of L. triprovina).
L. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 614, f. 386a-e, 387a-l (mf).
L. p. Zhu & Zhang, 1993: 37, f. 8-13 (mf).
L. p. Yin et al., 1997: 321, f. 225a-f (mf, S).
L. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171N-O. 172G-H, P (mf).
f pubiventris Simon, 1889....................Central Asia
L. p. Simon, 1889l: 381 (Df).
L. turkmenica Spassky, 1939b: 307, f. 6 (Df).
Araneus p. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tf from Larinia).
L. p. Marusik, 1986b: 247, f. 6-10 (Tf from Araneus, S).
mf sekiguchii Tanikawa, 1989....................Russia, China, Japan
L. s. Tanikawa, 1989: 42, f. 28-33 (Dmf).
L. shandongensis Yin et al., 1990: 87, f. 221-222 (Df).
L. s. Yin, 1994: 135 (S).
L. s. Yin et al., 1997: 322, f. 226a-c (f).
L. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 291, f. 171P-Q, 172Q (f).
j strandi Caporiacco, 1941....................Ethiopia
L. s. Caporiacco, 1941b: 87 (Dj).
f tamatave (Grasshoff, 1971)....................Madagascar
Drexelia t. Grasshoff, 1971a: 91, f. 42a-d (Df).
mf t-notata (Tullgren, 1905)....................Brazil, Argentina
Chrysometa T-notata Tullgren, 1905: 28, pl. 3, f. 8 (Df).
L. T-notata Levi, 1986a: 102 (Tf from Chrysometa).
L. t. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 259, f. 36-42 (f, Dm).
mf trifida Tullgren, 1910....................Central, East Africa
L. t. Tullgren, 1910: 161, pl. 4, f. 104 (Dm).
L. t. Lessert, 1930: 635, f. 13 (Df).
Drexelia t. Grasshoff, 1971a: 84, f. 30a, 33a-g (Tmf from Larinia).
f triprovina Yin et al., 1990....................China
L. t. Yin et al., 1990: 90, f. 227-233 (Dmf).
L. t. Yin, 1994: 135 (Tm to L. phthisica).
L. t. Yin et al., 1997: 323, f. 227a-d (f).
L. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 171R-S, 172R (f).
mf tucuman Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991....................Argentina
L. t. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 253, f. 10-15 (Dmf).
mf tyloridia Patel, 1975....................India
L. t. Patel, 1975a: 111, f. 1-4 (Df).
L. t. Patel & Reddy, 1990c: 161, f. 12-16 (f, Dm).
m vara Kauri, 1950....................South Africa
L. v. Kauri, 1950: 9, f. 7 (Dm).
m wenshanensis Yin & Yan, 1994....................China
L. w. Yin & Yan, in Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 108, f. 22-26 (Dm).
L. w. Yin et al., 1997: 324, f. 228a-e (m).
L. w. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 172I-J, S (m).
In synonymy:
L. montagui (Hogg, 1914, T from Larinia) = L. argiopiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 217).
L. punctifera (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Larinia) = L. argiopiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Yaginuma, 1962c: 30, sub Larinia).
mf argiopiformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) *....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
Larinia a. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 212, pl. 15, f. 423 (Df).
Larinia punctifera Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 212, pl. 4, f. 32, pl. 11, f. 203 (Dmf).
Larinia montagui Hogg, 1914b: 75, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
Larinia a. Nakatsudi, 1942a: 307, f. 15-21 (f).
Larinia a. Saito, 1959: 101, f. 121a-c (f).
Larinia punctifera Saito, 1959: 101, f. 122a-d (f).
Larinia a. Yaginuma, 1960: 60, f. 59 (f).
Larinia a. Yaginuma, 1962c: 30 (Sm).
L. a. Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tmf from Larinia, S).
L. a. Grasshoff, 1970c: 421, f. 29a-e (mf).
Larinia a. Yaginuma, 1971: 60, f. 59 (f).
Larinia a. Yin, 1978: 6, f. 15A-C (f).
Larinia a. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 45, f. 26.1-2 (mf).
Larinia a. Song, 1980: 107, f. 52a-c (f).
Larinia a. Wang, 1981: 103, f. 45A-C (f).
Larinia a. Hu, 1984: 117, f. 116.1-2 (mf).
Larinia a. Guo, 1985: 66, f. 2-19.1-3 (mf).
Larinia a. Zhu et al., 1985: 78, f. 66a-b (f).
Larinia a. Yaginuma, 1986a: 115, f. 60.1 (f).
Larinia a. Marusik, 1986b: 251, f. 22-24 (f).
Larinia a. Zhang, 1987: 81, f. 65.1-3 (f).
Larinia a. Tanikawa, 1989: 33, f. 1-7 (mf).
Larinia a. Chikuni, 1989b: 87, f. 79 (mf).
Larinia a. Feng, 1990: 87, f. 62.1-5 (mf).
Larinia a. Chen & Gao, 1990: 63, f. 77a-d (mf).
Larinia albigera Yin et al., 1990: 76, f. 188-194 (m only, misidentified).
Larinia a. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 107, f. 100.1-3 (mf).
Larinia a. Zhao, 1993: 239, f. 112a-b (f).
Larinia a. Yin, 1994: 135 (Tm of Larinia albigera Yin et al., 1990).
Larinia a. Yin et al., 1997: 313, f. 217a-f (mf).
L. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 172T, 173A-D (mf).
Nomina dubia:
L. folium (Schrank, 1803: 240, f, Mediterranean) -- Levy, 1998a: 345, contra Thaler, 1974b: 257.
L. gracilis (Menge, 1879: 558, Germany, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1482; Prószyn'ski & Starega, 1971: 85, sub Cyphepeira.
f chabarovi (Bakhvalov, 1981)....................Russia
Araneus c. Bakhvalov, 1981b: 143, f. 2 (Df).
L. c. Marusik, 1989b: 43 (Tf from Araneus).
mf cornutus (Clerck, 1757)....................Holarctic
Araneus c. Clerck, 1757: 39, pl. 1, f. 11 (Df).
Aranea leuwenhoekii Scopoli, 1763: 394 (Df).
Aranea foliata Fourcroy, 1785: 533 (Df).
Aranea apoclisa Walckenaer, 1802: 195 (in part).
Epeira marmorata Risso, 1826: 169 (D).
Epeira lyrata Fischer-Waldheim, 1830: pl. 7i-k (D).
Epeira tricolor Fischer-Waldheim, 1830: pl. 7n-o (D).
Epeira apoclisa Sundevall, 1833a: 243 (mf).
Epeira apoclisa Hahn, 1834: 30, f. 116 (mf).
Epeira arundinacea C. L. Koch, 1835: 131, pl. 18, 20 (mf).
Epeira apoclisa americana Walckenaer, 1842: 61, 502 (D).
Epeira foliosa Walckenaer, 1842: 66 (Df).
Epeira foliata C. L. Koch, 1844: 119, f. 920-921 (mf).
Epeira arundinacea C. L. Koch, 1844: 109, f. 913 (Dm).
Epeira affinis Blackwall, 1846a: 77 (Df).
Epeira strix Hentz, 1847: 473, pl. 31, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira tectorum Bremi-Wolff, 1849: 1-16 (Dmf).
Epeira cornuta Westring, 1851: 34.
Epeira cornuta Westring, 1861: 34 (m).
Epeira foliata Keyserling, 1864: 92, pl. 7, f. 10-11.
Epeira apoclysa Blackwall, 1864a: 325, pl. 23, f. 237 (mf).
Epeira cornuta Menge, 1866: 58, pl. 8, f. 8 (mf).
Epeira cornuta Simon, 1874a: 108, pl. 1, f. 17 (mf).
Epeira strix Emerton, 1884: 305, pl. 33, f. 5, pl. 35, f. 12 (f, Dm).
Epeira vicaria Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 21, pl. 9, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira cornuta Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 21, pl. 9, f. 5 (f).
Epeira cornuta Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 133, pl. 5, f. 9 (mf).
Epeira cornuta McCook, 1894: 140, pl. 1, f. 9-11 (mf).
Epeira cornuta Becker, 1896: 34, pl. 7, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira cornuta Bösenberg, 1901: 35, pl. 2, f. 21 (mf).
Epeira strix Emerton, 1902: 160, f. 385 (f).
Epeira cornuta Kulczyn'ski, 1908b: 44, pl. 2, f. 64 (f).
Epeira vicaria Grese, 1909: 326, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Dm).
Epeira cornuta inermis Franganillo, 1925: 33 (D).
Aranea foliata Reimoser, 1928: 105, f. 2 (mf).
Araneus c. Simon, 1929: 686, 759, f. 1048, 1061-1063 (mf).
Aranea foliata Wiehle, 1931: 86, f. 124-127 (mf).
Aranea frondosa Comstock, 1940: 114, 501, f. 104-106, 513-515 (mf).
Aranea foliata Muma, 1943: 85, pl. XIII, f. 15 (f).
Aranea foliata Drensky, 1943: 242, f. 27 (mf).
Epeira foliata Kaston, 1948: 254, f. 787, 803, 812 (mf).
Araneus c. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 134, f. 88A, 89B, 90C (mf).
Araneus c. Braendegaard, 1958: 36, f. 26-27 (mf).
Cyphepeira cornuta Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 41.
Araneus c. Saito, 1959: 85, f. 90a-h (mf).
Aranea foliata Zamaraev, 1964: 361, f. 91-93 (mf).
Araneus c. Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 600 (f).
Araneus c. Miller, 1971: 212, pl. XL, f. 7-8 (mf).
Araneus c. Loksa, 1972: 91, f. 81A-C, 82F, 83A-B (mf).
Araneus c. Izmailova, 1972c: 54, f. 5 (f).
Araneus foliatus Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 58, 62, 65 (mf).
Araneus c. Thaler, 1974b: 257, f. 3-4, 6, 8, 11 (mf).
Nuctenea cornuta Levi, 1974b: 306, f. 61-62, 67-76, 94, 97-98, 110-111, 118-119, 126 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus c. Palmgren, 1974a: 25, f. 9e, 11a-e (mf).
Araneus c. Yin, 1978: 2, f. 2A-d (mf).
Nuctenea cornuta Paik, 1978e: 98, f. 14-15 (m).
Nuctenea cornuta Paik & Namkung, 1979: 45, f. 27.1-2 (mf).
Aranea cornuta Song, 1980: 93, f. 39a-d (mf).
L. cornuta Grasshoff, 1983: 227 (Tmf from Nuctenea).
Araneus c. Hu, 1984: 89, f. 81.1-2 (mf).
L. c. Roberts, 1985: 212, f. 95a (mf).
Araneus c. Guo, 1985: 53, f. 1-21, 2-9.1-3 (mf).
Araneus c. Zhu et al., 1985: 70, f. 57a-f (mf).
L. c. Yaginuma, 1986a: 98, f. 52.3 (f).
Araneus c. Song, 1987: 161, f. 121 (mf).
Araneus c. Zhang, 1987: 64, f. 29, 47.1-4 (mf).
Araneus c. Chikuni, 1989b: 67, f. 17 (mf).
Araneus c. Feng, 1990: 54, f. 29.1-3 (mf).
Araneus c. Chen & Gao, 1990: 43, f. 45a-b (mf).
Araneus c. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 86, f. 76.1-3 (mf).
L. c. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 86, f. 192 (mf).
Nuctenea cornuta Herreros, 1991: 210, f. 4A-D (mf).
Araneus c. Zhao, 1993: 225, f. 103a-e (mf).
L. c. Roberts, 1995: 321, f. (mf).
L. c. Agnarsson, 1996: 63, f. 49A-C (mf).
Araneus cornutus Mcheidze, 1997: 276, f. 626-627 (f).
L. cornuta Yin et al., 1997: 325, f. 229a-e (mf).
L. c. Mikhailov, 1997c: 119 (S).
L. c. Levy, 1998a: 345, f. 135-143 (mf).
L. c. Roberts, 1998: 334, f. (mf).
L. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 13A, 173E, L (mf).
mf ixobolus (Thorell, 1873)....................Palearctic
Epeira umbratica Menge, 1866: 55, pl. 6, f. 6 (m, misidentified)
Epeira ixobola Thorell, 1873: 545 (Dm).
Epeira ixobola Simon, 1874a: 106 (Df).
Epeira umbratica Menge, 1879: 556, pl. 91, f. 319 (m, misidentified).
Epeira ixobola Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 133, pl. 5, f. 8 (mf).
Epeira ixobola Bösenberg, 1901: 34, pl. 2, f. 20 (mf).
Aranea ixobola Wiehle, 193: 92, f. 134-137 (mf).
Araneus multiplicatus Rosca, 1935: 241, f. 1-2 (Df).
Araneus multiplicatus Rosca, 1936a: 197, f. 6 (f).
Araneus ixobola Drensky, 1939a: 87.
Aranea ixobola Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 28 (mf).
Aranea ixobola Zamaraev, 1964: 361, f. 94-96 (mf).
Araneus i. Tyschchenko, 1971: 200, f. 597 (f).
Araneus i. Miller, 1971: 213, pl. XL, f. 15, 22 (mf).
Araneus i. Loksa, 1972: 93, f. 82B-C, 84A (mf).
Araneus i. Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 53-56 (mf).
Nuctenea ixobola Levi, 1974b: 312, f. 89-92, 95, 109, 116-117, 129 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus i. Palmgren, 1974a: 27, f. 9i, 12i-k (mf).
L. ixobola Grasshoff, 1983: 227 (Tmf from Nuctenea).
Araneus ixobolatus Zhu et al., 1985: 74, f. 61a-c (m).
Araneus ixobolatus Zhang, 1987: 68, f. 50.1-3 (m).
Araneus i. Hu & Wu, 1989: 89, f. 66.1-3 (f).
Araneus i. Izmailova, 1989: 55, f. 39 (f).
L. i. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 86, f. 196 (mf).
L. i. Horak & Kropf, 1992: 167, f. 1b, 2b, d, f (m).
L. ixobola Yin et al., 1997: 327, f. 230a-c (f).
L. i. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 173F-G, M (f).
mf patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)....................Holarctic
Araneus p. Clerck, 1757: 38, pl. 1, f. 10 (Df).
Araneus ocellatus Clerck, 1757: 36, pl. 1, f. 9 (Df).
Aranea dumetorum Fourcroy, 1785: 534 (D).
Aranea dumetorum Villers, 1789: 126 (Df).
Aranea lacera Olivier, 1789: 201 (Df).
Aranea picta Razoumowsky, 1789: 242 (Df).
Aranea nigro-fasciata Razoumowsky, 1789: 247 (Df).
Aranea apoclysa Walckenaer, 1802: 195 (in part, var. 3).
Epeira apoclysa Dufour, 1831: 364, pl. 11, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira dumetorum Hahn, 1834: 31, f. 117 (mf).
Epeira nauseosa C. L. Koch, 1834: 123, pl. 20 (Df).
Epeira munda C. L. Koch, 1836b: 134, pl. 4 (Df).
Epeira patagiata C. L. Koch, 1844: 115, f. 916-919 (f, Dm).
Epeira nauseosa C. L. Koch, 1844: 120, f. 922-923 (f).
Epeira patagiata Blackwall, 1864a: 329, pl. 24, f. 239 (mf).
Epeira formosa Keyserling, 1865: 828, pl. 19, f. 17-18 (Df).
Epeira patagiata Menge, 1866: 60, pl. 8, f. 9 (mf).
Epeira silvicultrix Ohlert, 1867: 25 (Dmf).
Epeira patagiata Thorell, 1870a: 16.
Epeira hilaris O. P.-Cambridge, 1881b: 113 (Df).
Epeira patagiata Emerton, 1884: 305, pl. 33, f. 3, pl. 35, f. 11 (f).
Epeira patagiata Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 133, pl. 5, f. 10 (mf).
Epeira patagiata Emerton, 1894: 404, pl. 1, f. 3 (f).
Epeira patagiata McCook, 1894: 138, pl. 1, f. 11, pl. 3, f. 8-9 (mf).
Epeira ithaca McCook, 1894: 152, pl.4, f. 3 (Dmf).
Araneus potanini Simon, 1895c: 336 (Df).
Epeira patagiata Becker, 1896: 36, pl. 8, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira patagiata Bösenberg, 1901: 36, pl. 2, f. 22 (mf).
Epeira patagiata Emerton, 1902: 160, f. 384 (mf).
Araneus ithaca Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
Araneus ocellatus Simon, 1929: 684, 700, f. 1055-1057 (mf).
Aranea dumetorum Wiehle, 1931: 88, f. 128-129 (mf).
Aranea ocellata Comstock, 1940: 114, 503, f. 107, 517-518 (mf).
Aranea dumetorum Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 27 (mf).
Epeira dumetorum Kaston, 1948: 255, f. 788, 804, 813 (mf).
Araneus p. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 136, f. 89C, 90B (mf).
Araneus p. Braendegaard, 1958: 38, f. 28-29 (mf).
Cyphepeira patagiata Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 41.
Araneus p. Saito, 1959: 88, f. 98a-d (f).
Araneus p. Yaginuma, 1960: 58, f. 49 (f).
Araneus p. Beer, 1964: 528, f. 8 (f; N.B.: listed as A. ocellatus in heading but A. p. in legend).
Aranea patagiata Zamaraev, 1964: 360, f. 85-87 (mf).
Araneus ocellatus Azheganova, 1968: 78, f. 157-158 (mf).
Araneus p. Yaginuma, 1971: 58, f. 49 (f).
Araneus ocellatus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 599 (f).
Araneus ocellatus Miller, 1971: 212, pl. XL, f. 13-14 (mf).
Araneus ocellatus Loksa, 1972: 90, f. 82A, 83C (mf).
Araneus ocellatus Izmailova, 1972c: 51, f. 3 (f).
Araneus p. Bakhvalov, 1974: 110, f. 57, 60 (f).
Nuctenea patagiata Levi, 1974b: 309, f. 77-84, 96, 100-102, 107, 112-113, 120-123, 127 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Araneus p. Palmgren, 1974a: 27, f. 9f, 11f-j (mf).
Cyphepeira patagiata Punda, 1975b: 40, f. 69-70 (f).
L. patagiata Grasshoff, 1983: 227 (Tmf from Nuctenea).
L. p. Roberts, 1985: 212, f. 95c (mf).
Araneus p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 98, f. 52.2 (f).
L. p. Marusik, 1989b: 43 (S).
L. patagiata Ware & Opell, 1989: 150, f. 2B (m).
Araneus p. Chikuni, 1989b: 65, f. 11 (f).
Araneus ocellatus Izmailova, 1989: 57, f. 41 (f).
L. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 86, f. 194 (mf).
Nuctenea patagiata Herreros, 1991: 215, f. 10C.3-4 (mf).
L. p. Roberts, 1995: 322, f. (mf).
L. p. Agnarsson, 1996: 65, f. 52A-B (mf).
Araneus ocellatus Mcheidze, 1997: 275, f. 623-624 (mf).
L. patagiata Yin et al., 1997: 328, f. 231a-c (f).
L. p. Roberts, 1998: 335, f. (mf).
L. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 173H-I, N (f).
f patagiatus islandicola (Strand, 1906)....................Iceland
Aranea dumetorum i. Strand, 1906e: 282 (Df).
mf sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757)....................Holarctic
Araneus s. Clerck, 1757: 43, pl. 2, f. 3 (Dm).
Araneus sericatus Clerck, 1757: 40, pl. 2, f. 1 (Df).
Aranea undata Olivier, 1789: 206 (D; preoccupied by De Geer, 1778).
Aranea oviger Panzer, 1804: 244, pl. 174, f. 3 (D).
Epeira sericata C. L. Koch, 1833: pl. 1.
Epeira virgata Hahn, 1834: 26, f. 113 (Dmf).
Epeira frondosa Walckenaer, 1842: 65 (Df).
Epeira sericata C. L. Koch, 1844: 110, f. 914-915 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Westring, 1851: 34 (Df).
Epeira sericata Blackwall, 1864a: 328, pl. 23, f. 238 (mf).
Epeira umbratica Menge, 1866: 55, pl. 7, f. 7 (m, misidentified, not f).
Epeira sclopetaria Menge, 1866: 57, pl. 6, f. 6 (mf).
Epeira hygrophila Simon, 1874a: 105 (Df).
Epeira sclopetaria Hansen, 1882: 19, pl. 1, f. 34 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Emerton, 1884: 303, pl. 33, f. 4, pl. 35, f. 10 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 132, pl. 5, f. 7 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria McCook, 1894: 137, pl. 1, f. 9, pl. 2, f. 10-11 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Becker, 1896: 34, pl. 8, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Bösenberg, 1901: 34, pl. 2, f. 19 (mf).
Epeira sclopetaria Emerton, 1902: 160, f. 383 (f).
Araneus sericatus Simon, 1929: 685, 759, f. 1058-1060 (mf).
Aranea undata Wiehle, 1931: 90, f. 130-133 (mf).
Aranea undata Reimoser, 1932: 10, f. 2 (mf).
Aranea sericata Comstock, 1940: 500, f. 511-512 (mf).
Aranea undata Archer, 1940: 46, pl. I, f. 3 (f).
Aranea undata Bristowe, 1941: 488, f. 88 (mf).
Aranea undata Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 28 (mf).
Epeira undata Kaston, 1948: 256, f. 789, 805, 814-815 (mf).
Araneus s. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 136, f. 88B, 89A, 90A (mf).
Cyphepeira sclopetaria Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 41.
Araneus undatus Saito, 1959: 97, f. 107a-d (mf).
Aranea sclopetaria Zamaraev, 1964: 361, f. 88-90 (mf).
Araneus sericatus Shear, 1967: 8, f. 18-21 (m).
Araneus sericatus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 582, 596 (mf).
Araneus sericatus Miller, 1971: 212, pl. XL, f. 11-12 (mf).
Araneus sericatus Loksa, 1972: 92, f. 81D, 82E, 83D (mf).
Nuctenea sclopetaria Levi, 1974b: 310, f. 85-88, 103-104, 108, 114-115, 124-125, 128 (Tmf from Araneus).
L. sclopetaria Grasshoff, 1983: 227 (Tmf from Nuctenea).
L. s. Roberts, 1985: 212, f. 95b (mf).
L. sclopetaria Ware & Opell, 1989: 150, f. 2A (m).
Araneus s. Hu & Wu, 1989: 94, f. 70.1-3 (f).
L. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 86, f. 195 (mf).
Nuctenea sclopetaria Herreros, 1991: 211, f. 5A-D (mf).
L. s. Horak & Kropf, 1992: 167, f. 1a, 2a, c, e (m).
L. s. Roberts, 1995: 321, f. (mf).
L. sclopetaria Yin et al., 1997: 329, f. 232a-c (f).
L. s. Roberts, 1998: 335, f. (mf).
L. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 173J-K, O (f).
f subinermis Caporiacco, 1940....................Ethiopia
L. s. Caporiacco, 1940c: 821, f. 28 (Df).
mf suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) *....................Mediterranean to Central Asia
Epeira apoclysa Audouin, 1826: 341, pl. 3, f. 1 (m, misidentified).
Epeira cornuta lurida Thorell, 1875c: 9 (Df; nomen oblitum).
Epeira suspicax O. P.-Cambridge, 1876b: 577 (Df).
Araneus suspicax Simon, 1908a: 430.
Epeira folium Kulczyn'ski, 1901b: 329, p. 12, f. 10-14 (m, using nomen dubium).
Araneus folium Lessert, 1910b: 329 (m).
Araneus cornutus orientalis Fage, 1921a: 176, f. 4B-C (Dmf).
Araneus suspicax Simon, 1929: 686, 759 (Dm).
L. dernae Caporiacco, 1934b: 14, f. 5 (Df).
Araneus suspicax Denis, 1947a: 49, pl. II, f. 10-11 (mf).
Araneus folium Beltyukova, 1949: 84, f. 7 (mf, removed from S of L. cornuta).
Araneus folium Azheganova, 1968: 76, f. 152-153 (mf).
Araneus folium Thaler, 1974b: 257, f. 1-2, 5, 7, 10 (mf, S).
Nuctenea cornuta Levi, 1974b: 306, f. 63-66 (f, misidentified).
L. folium Grasshoff, 1983: 226 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
L. folium Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 86, f. 193 (mf).
Araneus folium Mcheidze, 1997: 277, f. 628-629 (mf).
L. s. Levy, 1998a: 347, f. 144-150 (removed mf from S of L. folium, S).
In synonymy:
L. lewisi (Archer, 1958, T from Araneus) = L. farri (Archer, 1958) (Levi, 1993d: 132).
mf boquete Levi, 1993....................Panama
L. b. Levi, 1993d: 130, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
mf chichinautzin Levi, 1993....................Mexico
L. c. Levi, 1993d: 135, f. 16-18 (Dmf).
mf farri (Archer, 1958) *....................Jamaica
Bertrana f. Archer, 1958: 11, f. 18-21, 24 (Dmf).
Atea lewisi Archer, 1958: 17, f. 39-40 (Df).
Araneus lewisi Brignoli, 1983c: 263.
L. f. Levi, 1993d: 132, f. 7-13 (Tm from Bertrana, Sf; N.B.: f of Archer, 1958 is an unnamed Chrysometa).
m maricao Levi, 1993....................Puerto Rico
L. m. Levi, 1993d: 134, f. 14-15 (Dm).
In synonymy:
L. delicata (Rainbow, 1920, T from Larinia) = L. diluta (Thorell, 1887) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 233, sub Larinopa).
L. fasciata (Thorell, 1899, T from Larinia) = L. longissima (Simon, 1881) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 230, sub Larinopa).
L. lutescens (Thorell, 1898, T from Larinia) = L. fusiformis (Thorell, 1877) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 231, sub Larinopa).
L. quadrinotata (Simon, 1889, T from Larinia) = L. fusiformis (Thorell, 1877) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 231, sub Larinopa).
L. quinquepunctata (Tullgren, 1910, T from Larinia) = L. longissima (Simon, 1881) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 230, sub Larinopa).
L. quinquepunctata concolor (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Larinia) = L. longissima (Simon, 1881) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 230, sub Larinopa).
L. tibelloides (Lessert, 1930, T from Larinia) = L. longissima (Simon, 1881) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 230, sub Larinopa).
L. vicina (Kulczyn'ski, 1911, T from Larinia) = L. tabida (L. Koch, 1872) (Chrysanthus, 1961b: 205, sub Larinia).
Nomina dubia:
L. melanosticta (Thorell, 1891: 47, j, Nicobar Is., T from Larinia) -- Grasshoff, 1970b: 217, 234, sub Larinopa.
L. nigrolimbata (Simon, 1909e: 106, j, Vietnam, T from Larinia) -- Grasshoff, 1970b: 217, 234, sub Larinopa.
mf diluta Thorell, 1887....................Myanmar to Australia
L. d. Thorell, 1887: 146 (Dj).
Larinia d. Thorell, 1890b: 24 (Df).
Larinia d. Thorell, 1898: 341 (Dm).
Larinia delicata Rainbow, 1920b: 247, pl. 29, f. 51-54 (Dmf).
Larinopa d. Grasshoff, 1970b: 233, f. 17a-c (Tmf from Larinia, S).
mf epeiroides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)....................Israel
Argiope e. O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 301 (Dmf).
Larinia e. Simon, 1895a: 768.
Larinia chloris Grasshoff, 1970b: 222 (S, rejected).
L. e. Levy, 1986: 7, f. 28-39 (Tmf from Larinia, removed from S).
mf fusiformis (Thorell, 1877) *....................India to Japan, Philippines, Sulawesi
Meta f. Thorell, 1877b: 431 (Df).
L. f. Thorell, 1887: 146.
Larinia quadrinotata Simon, 1889i: 340 (Dj).
Larinia lutescens Thorell, 1898: 342 (Dmf).
Larinia quadrinotata Simon, 1909e: 105 (Df).
Larinopa f. Grasshoff, 1970b: 231, f. 15a-b, 16a-e (Tf from Larinia, Dm, S).
Larinia f. Tanikawa, 1989: 35, f. 8-14 (mf).
Larinia f. Okuma et al., 1993: 23, f. 20C-D (f).
Larinia f. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 612, f. 384a-e, 385a-b (mf).
mf longissima (Simon, 1881)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Larinia l. Simon, 1881e: 3 (Df).
Larinia fasciata Thorell, 1899: 41 (Df).
Larinia quinquepunctata Tullgren, 1910: 162 (Dj).
Larinia tibelloides Lessert, 1930: 632, f. 11 (Df).
Larinia tibelloides Lessert, 1933: 113, f. 28-30 (Dm).
Larinia quinquepunctata concolor Caporiacco, 1947d: 163 (Dj).
Larinopa l. Grasshoff, 1970b: 230, f. 12a-b, 14a-f (Tf from Larinia, Sm).
mf tabida (L. Koch, 1872)....................Sulawesi to Australia, New Caledonia
Epeira t. L. Koch, 1872a: 105, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df).
Meta soror Thorell, 1877b: 433 (Df).
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1887a: 170, pl. 14, f. 5 (Dm).
L. t. Thorell, 1887: 148.
L. soror Thorell, 1887: 148.
Larinia t. Thorell, 1890a: 25.
Larinia vicina Kulczyn'ski, 1911d: 121, pl. 4, f. 8-9 (Df).
Larinia t. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 205, f. 46-49 (f, S).
Larinopa t. Grasshoff, 1970b: 228, f. 9b, 12c-d, 13a-f (Tmf from Larinia).
Larinia t. Chrysanthus, 1971: 26, f. 42 (m).
Larinia t. Davies, 1988b: 308, f. 29 (mf).
mf arcuata (Fabricius, 1793) *....................India, China to Borneo
Aranea a. Fabricius, 1793: 425 (Df).
Epeira curvicauda Vauthier, 1824: 261, pl. 18, f. 1-6 (Df).
Gasteracantha a. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 34, f. 270 (f).
Plectana curvicauda Walckenaer, 1842: 175.
Plectana a. Walckenaer, 1842: 177.
Plectana a. Doleschall, 1859: 42, pl. 12, f. 3 (f).
M. curvicauda Simon, 1864: 287.
M. arquata Simon, 1864: 287 (lapsus).
Gasteracantha curvicauda Hasselt, 1882: 11.
Gasteracantha beccarii Hasselt, 1882: 11, pl. 4, f. 1 (Dj).
Actinacantha a. Simon, 1886a: 147.
Gasteracantha fabricii Simon, 1899a: 94 (Df).
Gasteracantha a. Simon, 1903h: 301 (Dm).
Gasteracantha a. Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 4 (f).
Gasteracantha a. Dahl, 1914: 242, f. 1 (f).
Gasteracantha a. Tikader, 1982a: 69, f. 139-142 (f).
Gasteracantha a. Yin et al., 1997: 94, f. 23a-c (f).
Gasteracantha a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 281, f. 167N-P, 168A-B, O (f).
mf nossibeana (Strand, 1916) *....................Madagascar
Gasteracantha n. Strand, 1916b: 64 (Df).
Gasteracantha rhomboidea madagascariensis Benoit, 1964a: 50 (S, rejected).
M. n. Emerit, 1970: 853, f. 1A-B, 2A-B, 3B, 4B (Tf from Gasteracantha, Dm).
M. n. Emerit, 1974: 66, f. 23, 24A-C, 25A-B, 26B (mf).
mf amazonica Levi, 1995 *....................Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995b: 201, f. 205-216 (Dmf).
mf hewitti (Lessert, 1930) *....................Central, East Africa
Larinia hewittii Lessert, 1930: 633, f. 12 (Df).
Larinia h. Lessert, 1938: 444, f. 28-30 (Dm).
M. h. Grasshoff, 1970c: 418, f. 25b, 26a-c, 27a-c (Tmf from Larinia).
In synonymy:
M. belligerens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Chickering, 1954: 208).
M. conspicua Chickering, 1963 = M. fascialata Franganillo, 1936 (Levi, 1975b: 128).
M. dentembolus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. spinula F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 (Chickering, 1954: 211).
M. floridana Archer, 1951 = M. spiculata (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1975b: 125).
M. hirtipedata (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = M. hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1991a: 177).
M. striatipes Bryant, 1945 = M. fascialata Franganillo, 1936 (Levi, 1975b: 128).
Nomina dubia:
M. aethiopica Strand, 1906b: 618 (f, Ethiopia) -- Grasshoff, 1971b: 295.
M. ornatula (Roewer, 1942a: 504, T from Theridion, replacement name for Theridion ornatum Walckenaer, 1842: 239, f, USA) -- Levi, 1975b: 122.
Nomina nuda:
N. mathani Simon, 1895a: 787.
N. paraensis Simon, 1895a: 794.
mf acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Palearctic
Aranea a. Walckenaer, 1802: 199 (D).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1805: 60.
Epeira genistae Hahn, 1831a: 11, f. 7 (Dmf).
Zilla genistae C. L. Koch, 1837b: 5.
Zilla decora C. L. Koch, 1837b: 5.
Zilla a. C. L. Koch, 1839a: 139, f. 530-531 (Dmf).
Epeira a. Blackwall, 1864a: 341, pl. 25, f. 246 (mf).
Miranda a. Menge, 1866: 71, pl. 11, f. 16 (mf).
Meta a. Ausserer, 1867: 148.
Epeira a. Thorell, 1873: 454.
Zilla a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1878a: 119, pl. 11, f. 4 (f).
Epeira a. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 133, pl. 5, f. 22 (mf).
Epeira a. Becker, 1896: 39, pl. 9, f. 2 (mf).
Epeira a. Bösenberg, 1901: 39, pl. 3, f. 27 (mf).
M. a. Lessert, 1910b: 307.
M. a. Simon, 1929: 667, 755, f. 1029 (mf).
M. a. Wiehle, 1931: 23, f. 9, 26-29 (mf).
M. a. Drensky, 1943: 225, f. 6 (mf).
M. a. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 166, f. 110A-D (mf).
M. a. Azheganova, 1968: 87, f. 191-193 (mf).
M. a. Miller, 1971: 214, pl. XL, f. 18-19 (m).
M. a. Loksa, 1972: 108, f. 98A-D (mf).
M. a. Grasshoff, 1973a: 242, f. 1-5 (mf).
M. a. Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 31, 36-38 (mf).
M. a. Punda, 1975b: 40, f. 73-74 (f).
M. a. Levi, 1975b: 117, f. 102-109 (mf).
M. a. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1982: 50: f. III.23, 26 (mf).
M. a. Roberts, 1985: 222, f. 100a (mf).
M. a. Levy, 1987: 252, f. 44-54 (mf).
M. a. Legotai & Sekerskaya, 1989: 225: f. LXIX.23, 26 (mf).
M. a. Hu & Wu, 1989: 101, f. 77.1-6 (mf).
M. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 88, f. 197 (mf).
M. a. Roberts, 1995: 337, f. (mf).
M. a. Mcheidze, 1997: 255, f. 558-561 (mf).
M. a. Yin et al., 1997: 331, f. 233a-f (mf).
M. a. Roberts, 1998: 350, f. (mf).
M. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 173P-Q, 174J (mf).
mf angulopicta Yin et al., 1990....................China
M. a. Yin et al., 1990: 93, f. 234-238 (Dmf).
M. a. Yin et al., 1997: 332, f. 234a-e (mf).
M. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 292, f. 173R-S, 174K-L, Q (mf).
f aragarcensis Soares & Camargo, 1948....................Brazil
M. a. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 372, f. 27-28 (Df).
f argenteostriata Simon, 1897....................Brazil
M. a. Simon, 1897b: 478 (Df).
mf bimaculata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala, Panama
Epeira b. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 21, pl. 6, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
Epeira b. Keyserling, 1893: 260, pl. 13, f. 19 (mf).
M. b. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 479, pl. 45, f. 10-11 (mf).
M. b. Chickering, 1954: 197, f. 1-5 (mf).
mf calcarifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................USA to Honduras
M. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 479, pl. 45, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
M. c. Levi, 1975b: 132, f. 131-144 (mf).
mf candida Chickering, 1954....................Panama
M. c. Chickering, 1954: 198, f. 6-9 (Dmf).
f crescopicta Yin et al., 1990....................China
M. c. Yin et al., 1990: 95, f. 239-242 (Df).
M. c. Yin et al., 1997: 333, f. 235a-d (f).
M. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 173T-U, 174R (f).
f decolorata (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Zilla d. Keyserling, 1893: 306, pl. 15, f. 226 (Df).
Araneus decoloratus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 288.
Zygiella d. Roewer, 1942a: 887.
M. d. Levi, 1974a: 271 (Tf from Zygiella).
m distincta Chickering, 1963....................Honduras
M. d. Chickering, 1963a: 6, f. 8-11 (Dm).
f falconae Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
M. f. Schenkel, 1953a: 19, f. 17 (Df).
mf fascialata Franganillo, 1936....................USA to Honduras, Cuba, Hispaniola
M. f. Franganillo, 1936c: 83 (Df).
M. striatipes Bryant, 1945a: 375, f. 17-18 (Dmf).
M. gibberosa Kraus, 1955b: 22, f. 57-58 (f, misidentified).
M. conspicua Chickering, 1963a: 2, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
M. f. Levi, 1975b: 128, f. 110-117 (mf, S).
M. f. Breene et al., 1993: 102, f. 150A-C (mf).
mf fida (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Brazil
Theridion fidum Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 169, f. 13, 14 (Dmf).
M. f. Levi, 1967b: 37, f. 42-44 (Tmf from Theridion).
f foliosa Zhu & Yin, 1998....................China
M. f. Zhu & Yin, in Yin et al., 1997: 333, f. 236a-e (Df).
M. f. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174A-B, S (f).
mf fornicata (Keyserling, 1864)....................Colombia, Argentina
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1864: 134, pl. 7, f. 18-20 (Df).
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1893: 245, pl. 12, f. 183 (f).
M. f. Simon, 1895a: 789, f. 854.
M. f. Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 150, f. 44, pl. VII, f. 32 (Dm).
mf gibberosa (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Canada
Epeira g. Hentz, 1847: 479, pl. 31, f. 20 (Df).
Epeira g. Emerton, 1884: 317, pl. 34, f. 1, pl. 36, f. 17 (f, Dm).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1893: 241, pl. 12, f. 180 (mf).
Abbotia g. McCook, 1894: 240, pl. 24, f. 4 (mf).
M. g. Simon, 1895a: 793.
Epeira g. Emerton, 1902: 175, f. 411-413 (f).
Abbotiana g. Strand, 1929: 10.
M. g. Kaston, 1948: 239, f. 743-744, 755-756 (m).
M. g. Archer, 1951a: 15, f. 26 (m).
M. g. Shear, 1967: 11, f. 28-29 (m).
M. g. Levi, 1975b: 130, f. 118-130 (mf).
M. g. Breene et al., 1993: 102, f. 151A-C (mf).
f hemicraera (Thorell, 1890)....................Malaysia
Epeira h. Thorell, 1890d: 301 (Df).
M. h. Simon, 1895a: 791.
mf herbeoides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................China, Japan
Aranea h. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 227, pl. 4, f. 30, pl. 11, f. 241 (Dmf).
Aranea h. Strand, 1918: 81, pl. 1, f. 9.
M. h. Yaginuma, 1955a: 16, f. 1-8 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus h. Schenkel, 1963: 143, f. 84a-c (m).
M. h. Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.4 (mf).
M. h. Yin et al., 1997: 334, f. 237a-e (mf).
M. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174C, M-N, T (mf).
mf hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru
Epeira h. Taczanowski, 1878b: 164, pl. 2, f. 15 (Dmf; preoccupied in Araneus by Fabricius, 1775, sub Aranea).
Araneus h. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297.
Aranea hirtipedata Roewer, 1942a: 844 (replacement name for Epeira hirtipes).
M. h. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tmf from Araneus, S unneeded replacement name).
j inconspicua Schenkel, 1936....................China
M. i. Schenkel, 1936b: 98 (Dj).
f insperata Soares & Camargo, 1948....................Brazil
M. i. Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 374, f. 29, 29A (Df).
f lactea Mello-Leitão, 1944....................Argentina
M. l. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 331, f. 16 (Df).
f leucogasteroides Roewer, 1955 ....................Myanmar
Epeira leucogaster Thorell, 1895: 189 (Df; preoccupied by Marx, 1889).
M. l. Roewer, 1955c: 773 (replacement name).
mf maculata (Keyserling, 1865)....................USA
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1865: 827, pl. 18, f. 24-27 (Dmf).
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1893: 242, pl. 12, f. 181 (mf).
Abbotia m. McCook, 1894: 241, pl. 20, f. 9-10 (mf).
M. m. Simon, 1895a: 791.
M. ornata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 105 (S, rejected).
M. m. Archer, 1951a: 15, f. 32 (m).
M. m. Grasshoff, 1971b: 295, f. 48a-b (m).
M. m. Levi, 1975b: 122, f. 58-68 (mf).
mf melanocephala (Taczanowski, 1874)....................Guyana
Linyphia m. Taczanowski, 1874: 70 (Dmf).
Zilla m. Keyserling, 1881b: 552, pl. 16, f. 4 (mf).
Zilla m. Keyserling, 1893: 302, pl. 15, f. 223 (mf).
Araneus melanocephalus Simon, 1897e: 2.
Zygiella m. Roewer, 1942a: 887.
M. m. Caporiacco, 1948a: 659 (Tf from Zygiella).
mf melanoleuca Mello-Leitão, 1941....................Argentina
M. m. Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 150, f. 45-46 (Dmf).
mf mobilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira m. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 30, pl. 6, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1893: 240, pl. 12, f. 179 (f).
M. m. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 479, pl. 45, f. 16-17 (f, Dm).
M. m. Chickering, 1954: 202, f. 10-14 (mf).
mf montana Chickering, 1954....................Panama
M. m. Chickering, 1954: 204, f. 15-17 (Dmf).
f novempupillata Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
M. 9-pupillata Mello-Leitão, 1940h: 26, f. 6-8 (Df).
M. n. Roewer, 1955c: 774.
mf passiva (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................USA to Guatemala
Epeira p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 20, pl. 5, f. 4 (Df).
M. p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 480, pl. 45, f. 19 (f).
M. p. Levi, 1975b: 124, f. 69-79 (f, Dm).
mf pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936....................Panama
M. p. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 58, pl. 12, f. 112 (Df).
M. belligerens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 60, pl. 12, f. 113 (Dm).
M. p. Chickering, 1954: 208, f. 18-21 (f, Sm).
mf picta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 *....................Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama
M. p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 14, pl. 3, f. 5-6 (Dmf).
M. p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 479, pl. 45, f. 14-15 (mf).
mf placida (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira p. Hentz, 1847: 475, pl. 31, f. 12 (Df).
Epeira praetrepida Keyserling, 1881b: 549, pl. 16, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira p. Emerton, 1884: 316, pl. 34, f. 2, pl. 36, f. 10, 13 (f, Dm).
Epeira praetrepida Keyserling, 1893: 232, pl. 11, f. 173 (f).
Epeira p. McCook, 1894: 153, pl. 4, f. 4-5 (mf).
M. p. Simon, 1895a: 786.
Epeira p. Emerton, 1902: 176, f. 414 (f).
M. p. Kaston, 1948: 238, f. 753-754 (f).
M. spiculata Archer, 1951a: 13, f. 28 (m, misidentified).
M. p. Archer, 1951a: 14, f. 29 (f, not f. 30, m, =M. spiculata).
M. p. Levi, 1975b: 126, f. 80-81, 90-101 (mf).
m polypicula Yin et al., 1990....................China
M. p. Yin et al., 1990: 96, f. 243-246 (Dm).
M. polyspicula Yin et al., 1997: 235, f. 238a-d (m).
M. polyspicula Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174O-P. U (m).
f pozonae Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
M. p. Schenkel, 1953a: 20, f. 18 (Df).
f punctipes (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru
Epeira p. Taczanowski, 1878b: 166, pl. 2, f. 16 (Df).
Araneus p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 311.
M. p. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
f rhombopicta Yin et al., 1990....................China
M. r. Yin et al., 1990: 98, f. 247-250 (Df).
M. r. Yin et al., 1997: 336, f. 239a-d (f).
M. r. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174D-E, 175A (f).
f rostrata (Keyserling, 1893)....................Guatemala
Epeira r. Keyserling, 1893: 230, pl. 11, f. 171 (Df).
Araneus rostratus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
M. r. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
f schneirlai Chickering, 1954....................Panama
M. s. Chickering, 1954: 209, f. 22 (Df).
f semiargentea Simon, 1895....................Sri Lanka
M. s. Simon, 1895a: 791 (Df).
f songyangensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
M. s. Yin et al., 1990: 99, f. 251-253 (Df).
M. s. Yin et al., 1997: 337. f. 240a-c (f).
M. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174F-G, 175B (f).
mf spiculata (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, China
Epeira s. Hentz, 1847: 475, pl. 31, f. 13 (Df).
M. s. Archer, 1951a: 13, f. 27 (f, removed from S of M. placida, not m, =M. placida).
M. placida Archer, 1951a: 14, f. 30 (m, misidentified).
M. floridana Archer, 1951a: 14, f. 31, 56, 60 (Dmf).
M. s. Levi, 1975b: 125, f. 82-89 (f, Sm).
M. s. Xu & Wang, 1983: 32, f. 1a-b (f).
M. s. Yin et al., 1997: 338, f. 241a-b (f).
M. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174H, 175C (f).
mf spinula F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Panama
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 480, pl. 45, f. 18 (Dm).
M. dentembolus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 59, pl. 12, f. 114-116 (Df).
M. s. Chickering, 1954: 211, f. 23-26 (m, Sf).
f strenua (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1893: 257, pl. 13, f. 192 (Df).
Araneus strenuus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 318.
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 184 (Tf from Araneus).
m sufflava Chickering, 1963....................Panama
M. s. Chickering, 1963a: 9, f. 12-15 (Dm).
f theridioides Mello-Leitão, 1948....................Guyana
M. t. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 166, f. 9 (Df).
f trilineata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889....................Mexico, Guatemala
M. t. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 14, pl. 3, f. 7 (Df).
M. t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 480, pl. 45, f. 20 (f).
M. t. Chickering, 1954: 213, f. 27-28 (f).
f tschekiangensis Schenkel, 1963....................China
M. t. Schenkel, 1963: 141, f. 82 (Df).
M. t. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 113, f. 107 (f).
M. t. Yin et al., 1997: 338, f. 242a-b (f).
M. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 174I, 175D (f).
f umbrata Simon, 1897....................Peru
M. u. Simon, 1897b: 478 (Df).
f v-signata Mello-Leitão, 1943....................Brazil
M. v. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 184, f. 21 (Df).
f wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
M. w. Schenkel, 1953a: 18, f. 16 (Df).
In synonymy:
M. berlandi (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Meta) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1986a: 105, sub Cyrtophora guyanensis).
M. brasilica (Soares & Camargo, 1948, T from Meta) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1986a: 105, sub Cyrtophora guyanensis).
M. espiritosantensis (Soares & Camargo, 1955, T from Meta) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1986a: 105, sub Cyrtophora guyanensis).
M. grammica Simon, 1895 = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1980a: 13, sub Cyrtophora guyanensis).
M. guianensis (Mello-Leitão, 1948, T from Mecynogea) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1997: 234).
M. guyanensis (Keyserling, 1881, T from Cyrtophora) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1997: 234).
M. octolineata (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Mangora) = M. porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1997: 234).
mf gaira Levi, 1997....................Colombia, Venezuela
M. g. Levi, 1997: 238, f. 100-106 (Dmf).
mf porracea (C. L. Koch, 1839) *....................Panama to Argentina
Miranda p. C. L. Koch, 1838: 49, f. 368 (Df).
Epeira p. Walckenaer, 1842: 51.
Cyrtophora p. Simon, 1895a: 773.
Araneus poraceus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 310.
Zilla guyanensis Keyserling, 1881b: 554, pl. 16, f. 5 (Dm).
Zilla guyanensis Keyserling, 1893: 301, pl. 15, f. 222 (m).
Cyrtophora grammica Simon, 1895g: 156 (Df).
Araneus guyanensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 296.
Zygiella guyanensis Roewer, 1942a: 887.
Mangora octolineata Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Dm).
Mecynogea guianensis Mello-Leitão, 1948: 167, f. 10 (Df).
Mangora octolineata Caporiacco, 1948a: 659, f. 67 (m).
Meta brasilica Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 380, f. 37-39 (Dmf).
Meta berlandi Caporiacco, 1954: 80, f. 14, 14a-c (Df).
Meta espiritosantensis Soares & Camargo, 1955: 578, f. 4-5 (Dm).
Mecynogea guyanensis Levi, 1980a: 13 (Tm from Zygiella, S).
Cyrtophora guyanensis Levi, 1986a: 106 (Tm from Mecynogea, Sf).
Cyrtophora guianensis Levi, 1991a: 179 (S C. davisi (Hingston, 1932, T from Araneus), rejected).
M. p. Levi, 1997: 234, f. 79-93 (Tf from Cyrtophora, Sm).
mf triforma Levi, 1997....................Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
M. t. Levi, 1997: 238, f. 94-99 (Dmf).
f abalosi Urtubey & Báez, 1983....................Argentina
M. a. Urtubey & Báez, 1983: 3, f. 1-11 (Df).
mf archeri Gertsch, 1955....................USA
M. a. Gertsch, 1955: 239, f. 6-9, 36, 45-46 (Dmf).
mf bisaccata (Emerton, 1884)....................USA
Cyrtarachne b. Emerton, 1884: 325, pl. 34, f. 11 (Df).
Cyrtarachne multilineata Atkinson, 1888: 546 (Df).
Ordgarius bisaccatus Keyserling, 1892: 42, pl. 2, f. 35 (f).
Ordgarius bisaccatus McCook, 1894: 198, pl. 12, f. 2-3 (f, Dm).
Glyptocranium bisaccatum Simon, 1895a: 882.
M. b. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 71.
M. b. Kaston, 1948: 232, f. 737-740 (f).
M. b. Gertsch, 1955: 242, f. 19-23, 35, 43-44 (mf).
M. b. Levi, 1978b: 13, f. 18-20 (m).
f carpogaster Mello-Leitão, 1925....................Brazil
M. carpogastra Mello-Leitão, 1925a: 460 (Df).
M. carpogastra Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 72, f. 3, 15 (f).
Glyptocranium fragoides Vellard, 1926: 327 (Df).
M. c. Gertsch, 1955: 232 (S).
f cinerea Mello-Leitão, 1943....................Argentina
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1943c: 105, f. 4 (Df).
f comma Báez & Urtubey, 1985....................Argentina
M. c. Báez & Urtubey, 1985: 3, f. 1-10 (Df).
f conifera (Holmberg, 1876)....................Argentina
Heterocephala c. Holmberg, 1876: 20 (Df).
M. c. Brèthes, 1909b: 163.
M. c. Canals, 1931a: 18, f. 1-5, pl. 1, f. 2 (f).
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 71, f. 4, 16 (f).
mf cornigera (Hentz, 1850)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira c. Hentz, 1850: 20, pl. 3, f. 8 (Df).
Cyrtarachne bicurvata Becker, 1879a: 77, pl. 2. f. 16-19 (Df).
Cyrtarachne c. Keyserling, 1879: 300, pl. 4, f. 4 (f).
Ordgarius cornigerus Keyserling, 1892: 40, pl. 2, f. 34 (f).
Ordgarius cornigerus McCook, 1894: 197, pl. 12, f. 1 (f).
Glyptocranium cornigerum Simon, 1895a: 885.
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 70, f. 9, 20 (f).
M. c. Gertsch, 1955: 233, f. 1-5, 37, 41-42 (f, Dm).
f corpulenta (Banks, 1898)....................Mexico, Brazil
Ordgarius corpulentus Banks, 1898b: 251, pl. 15, f. 8 (Df).
Glyptocranium corpulentum Petrunkevitch, 1911: 347.
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 72, f. 8 (f).
f cranion Mello-Leitão, 1928....................Brazil
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1928b: 49, f. 1 (Df).
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 72, f. 2, 14 (f).
mf dizzydeani Eberhard, 1981....................Colombia
M. d. Eberhard, 1981: 144, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
f extraordinaria Holmberg, 1876 *....................Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
M. e. Holmberg, 1876: 20 (Df).
M. e. Canals, 1931a: 17, f. 1-5, pl. 1, f. 1 (f).
M. e. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 70, f. 7, 19 (f).
f fasciata Reimoser, 1939....................Costa Rica
M. f. Reimoser, 1939: 356, f. 8 (Df).
m fasciolata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala, Panama
Epeiroides f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 15, pl. 8, f. 5 (Dm).
Epeiroides f. Keyserling, 1893: 309, pl. 16, f. 228 (m).
Aranea f. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519, pl. 51, f. 5 (m).
Araneus fasciolatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
M. f. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tm from Araneus).
f felis Piza, 1976....................Brazil
M. f. Piza, 1976c: 83, f. 1 (Df).
f gasteracanthoides (Nicolet, 1849)....................Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile
Epeira g. Nicolet, 1849: 485, pl. 5, f. 7 (Df).
Ordgarius g. Keyserling, 1892: 43, pl. 7, f. 36 (f).
Glyptocranium g. Simon, 1895a: 882, f. 946 (f).
M. g. Porter, 1917: 131, f. 77 (f).
M. g. Canals, 1931a: 19, f. 1-5, pl. 2, f. 4 (f).
M. g. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 69, f. 12, 23 (f).
mf gasteracanthoides oxalidis Archer, 1963....................Chile
M. g. o. Archer, 1963: 19 (Dmf).
f haywardi Birabén, 1946....................Argentina
M. h. Birabén, 1946: 327, f. 1-3 (Df).
f holmbergi Canals, 1931....................Argentina
M. h. Canals, 1931a: 22, f. 1-5, pl. 3, f. 5, pl. 4, f. 7-8 (Df).
M. h. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 73, f. 10, 21 (f).
mf hutchinsoni Gertsch, 1955....................USA
M. cornigera Kaston, 1948: 231, f. 741-742 (f, misidentified).
M. h. Gertsch, 1955: 236, f. 10-14, 39, 47-48 (Dmf).
f intermedia Mello-Leitão, 1945....................Argentina
M. i. Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 240, f. 14-17 (Df).
f lenca Gertsch, 1955....................Honduras
M. l. Gertsch, 1955: 247, f. 28-30, 32-33 (Df).
f longiceps Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
Masthophora l. Mello-Leitão, 1940a: 57, f. 5a-c (Df).
f melloleitaoi Canals, 1931....................Argentina
M. mello-leitaõi Canals, 1931a: 20, f. 1-5, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
M. mello-leitaõi Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 73, f. 5, 17 (f).
f obesa (Banks, 1898)....................Mexico
Ordgarius obesus Banks, 1898b: 250, pl. 15, f. 9 (Df).
Glyptocranium obesum Petrunkevitch, 1911: 347.
M. o. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 72, f. 1, 13 (f).
f obtusa Mello-Leitão, 1936....................Brazil
M. o. Mello-Leitão, 1936b: 134, f. 2 (Df).
f phrynosoma Gertsch, 1955....................USA
M. p. Gertsch, 1955: 245, f. 24-27, 31 (Df).
f pickeli Mello-Leitão, 1931....................Brazil
M. p. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 73, f. 6, 18, 24 (Df).
f pickeli occidentalis Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
M. p. o. Schenkel, 1953a: 29 (Df).
f satan Canals, 1931....................Argentina
M. s. Canals, 1931a: 25, f. 1-5, pl. 3, f. 6 (Df).
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1931b: 73, f. 11, 22 (f).
f vaquera Gertsch, 1955....................Cuba
M. v. Gertsch, 1955: 240, f. 15-18 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
M. guianensis Mello-Leitão, 1948 -- see Manogea.
M. guyanensis (Keyserling, 1881) -- see Manogea.
In synonymy:
M. affinitata (Kraus, 1955) = M. lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1980a: 14).
M. basilica (McCook, 1878) = M. lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Archer, 1940: 24, sub Allepeira conferta).
M. bimucronata (Mello-Leitão, 1936, T from Gea) = M. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) (Levi, 1997: 224).
M. bituberculata (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Mangora) = M. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) (Levi, 1997: 225).
M. conferta (Hentz, 1850) = M. lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 93, sub Allepeira).
M. infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948) = M. bigibba Simon, 1903 (Levi, 1997: 222).
M. trivittata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) = M. lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1997: 228).
M. tucumana Simon, 1903 = M. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) (Levi, 1997: 224).
M. wiedenmeyeri (Schenkel, 1953, T from Gea) = M. lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1997: 228).
Nomen dubium:
M. carvalhoi Mello-Leitão, 1944a: 8 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1997: 234.
mf apatzingan Levi, 1997....................Mexico
M. a. Levi, 1997: 232, f. 67-72 (Dmf).
mf bigibba Simon, 1903 *....................Brazil, Uruguay
M. b. Simon, 1903d: 25 (Df).
Wixia infelix Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 378, f. 35 (Df).
M. infelix Levi, 1993b: 56 (Tf from Wixia).
M. b. Levi, 1997: 222, f. 1-25 (f, Dm, S).
f buique Levi, 1997....................Brazil
M. b. Levi, 1997: 229, f. 55-58 (Df).
m chavona Levi, 1997....................Colombia
M. c. Levi, 1997: 230, f. 65-66 (Dm).
mf erythromela (Holmberg, 1876)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile
Zilla erythromela Holmberg, 1876: 15 (Df).
M. tucumana Simon, 1903d: 25 (Df).
M. e. Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 33.
M. tucumana Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 145, f. 41-43 (f, Dm).
Gea bimucronata Mello-Leitão, 1936d: 125, pl. 14 (Df).
Mangora bituberculata Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 63, f. 34-37 (Dm).
M. e. Levi, 1997: 224, f. 26-33 (removed f from S of Alpaida leucogramma, contra Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321, sub Parepeira albostriata, Sm).
mf lemniscata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA to Argentina
Linyphia l. Walckenaer, 1842: 263 (Df).
Linyphia conferta Hentz, 1850: 30, pl. 4, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira basilica McCook, 1878a: 133, f. 1-3 (Df).
Argiope trivittata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 51, pl. 4, f. 5-6 (Dmf).
Argiope basilica Marx, 1890: 541.
Hentzia basilica McCook, 1894: 244, pl. 14, f. 2, pl. 23, f. 8 (f).
Cyrtophora basilica Simon, 1895a: 771.
Hentzia trivittata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 523, pl. 51, f. 12-13 (mf).
Allepeira basilica Banks, Newport & Bird, 1932: 23.
Allepeira conferta Archer, 1940: 24 (Tf from Linyphia, S).
Allepeira l. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 93 (Tf from Linyphia, S).
Allepeira l. Exline, 1948: 311, f. 1-13 (mf).
Gea wiedenmeyeri Schenkel, 1953a: 17, f. 15a-b (Df).
Allepeira affinitata Kraus, 1955b: 26, f. 54-56 (Dmf).
Allepeira l. Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 53 (f).
M. l. Levi, 1980a: 13, f. 1-15 (mf, S).
M. affinitata Brignoli, 1983c: 274.
M. l. Roth, 1985: B6-4, f. 19-20, 78-79 (mf).
M. l. Breene et al., 1993: 105, f. 158A-C (mf).
M. l. Levi, 1997: 228, f. 40-54 (mf, S).
mf martiana (Archer, 1958)....................Cuba, Hispaniola
Allepeira m. Archer, 1958: 6, f. 12-13, 26 (Dmf).
M. m. Brignoli, 1983c: 274.
M. m. Levi, 1997: 232, f. 73-78 (mf).
mf ocosingo Levi, 1997....................Mexico
M. o. Levi, 1997: 230, f. 59-64 (Dmf).
mf sucre Levi, 1997....................Venezuela, Brazil
M. s. Levi, 1997: 228, f. 34-39 (Dmf).
In synonymy:
M. basilissa (Thorell, 1899, T from Caerostris) = M. gabonensis (Lucas, 1858) (Grasshoff, 1984: 764).
M. campbelli Lawrence, 1968 = M. gabonensis (Lucas, 1858) (Grasshoff, 1984: 764).
mf gabonensis (Lucas, 1858) *....................Africa
Epeira g. Lucas, 1858: 420, pl. 12, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira angolensis Brito Capello, 1866: 79, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira chinchoxensis Karsch, 1879a: 333 (Df).
Aranea basilissa Thorell, 1899: 44 (Df).
Cyrtophora angolensis Pocock, 1899e: 853.
Cyrtophora g. Simon, 1907d: 286.
Caerostris basilissa Roewer, 1942a: 888.
M. campbelli Lawrence, 1968: 110, f. 1a-e, 2a-e, g (Dmf).
M. g. Grasshoff, 1984: 763 (Tmf from Cyrtophora, S).
In synonymy:
M. coamensis (Petrunkevitch, 1930, T from Larinia) = M. crewi (Banks, 1903) (Bryant, 1945a: 364, sub Araneus).
M. dilatata (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904, T from Araneus) = M. zilloides (Banks, 1898) (Levi, 1977a: 92).
M. errans (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = M. erratica (Keyserling, 1883) (Levi, 1991a: 177, sub Bertrana).
M. manni Bryant, 1945 = M. gregalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1995a: 121).
M. maura (Hentz, 1847, T from Singa) = M. calix (Walckenaer, 1842) (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 109, sub Singa).
M. mollybyrnae (McCook, 1894, T from Singa) = M. pallidula (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1972a: 231).
M. moraballii (Hingston, 1932, T from Araneus) = M. dubia (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1995a: 82).
M. mundula (Keyserling, 1892) = M. voluptifica (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1995a: 125).
M. punctata (Keyserling, 1893, T from Zygiella) = M. voluptifica (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1995a: 125).
M. similis Caporiacco, 1947 = M. gregalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1995a: 121).
M. simplicissima (Keyserling, 1883) = M. pallidula (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1995a: 94).
M. tuceps (Chamberlin, 1925, T from Eustala) = M. gregalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1995a: 121, after Banks, 1929).
f adisi Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 104, f. 138-141 (Df).
m aldela Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 146, f. 420-422 (Dm).
f amalla Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 120, f. 247-249 (Df).
m arnoi Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 104, f. 142-143 (Dm).
f atalaya Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 110, f. 185-188 (Df).
m atama Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1995a: 146, f. 423-424 (Dm).
mf bahama Levi, 1995....................Bahama Is.
M. b. Levi, 1995a: 81, f. 8-14 (Dmf).
f bahia Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. b. Levi, 1995a: 144, f. 409-413 (Df).
f barueri Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. b. Levi, 1995a: 98, f. 100-103 (Df).
mf benella Levi, 1995....................Panama, Colombia
M. b. Levi, 1995a: 122, f. 263-269 (Dmf).
f bolivia Levi, 1995....................Bolivia
M. b. Levi, 1995a: 106, f. 150-153 (Df).
mf calix (Walckenaer, 1842)....................USA
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1842: 90 (Dmf).
Epeira maura Hentz, 1847: 474, pl. 31, f. 8 (Df).
Singa maura Keyserling, 1885: 527, pl. 13, f. 26 (f).
Singa maura Keyserling, 1893: 283, pl. 14, f. 208 (f).
Singa maura McCook, 1894: 234, pl. 19, f. 8 (f).
Argyroepeira maura Banks, 1898b: 257.
Leucauge maura F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 443.
Araneus c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Araneus maurus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 302.
Singa maura Archer, 1940: 36, pl. I, f. 2 (f).
Singa maura Archer, 1941b: 16, pl. III, f. 1 (Dm).
Singa c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 109 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Alpaida c. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tmf from Singa).
Alpaida c. Levi, 1976: 388, f. 137-144 (mf).
Alpaida c. Roth, 1985: B6-4, f. 21-22 (f).
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 72 (Tmf from Alpaida).
f carimagua Levi, 1995....................Colombia
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 136, f. 333-336 (Df).
f carolinalis (Archer, 1951)....................USA
Epeira c. Archer, 1951a: 40, f. 57 (Df).
M. c. Levi, 1977a: 94, f. 112-117 (Tf from Araneus).
m carrizal Levi, 1995....................Guatemala
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 102, f. 119-120 (Dm).
mf castaneoscutata (Simon, 1895)....................Peru, Brazil
Araneus castaneoscutatus Simon, 1895a: 806 (Df).
M. c. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Araneus).
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 129, f. 303-308 (f, Dm).
m cazeaca Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 145, f. 416-417 (Dm).
f chenevo Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Guyana
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 110, f. 177-180 (Df).
mf chicanna Levi, 1995....................Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Jamaica
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 90, f. 55-61 (Dmf).
f cienaga Levi, 1995....................Hispaniola
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 136, f. 342-345 (Df).
f corima Levi, 1995....................Colombia
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 111, f. 189-192 (Df).
m corumba Levi, 1995....................Bolivia, Brazil
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 114, f. 213-215 (Dm).
mf crabroniphila Strand, 1916....................Brazil
M. c. Strand, 1916b: 117 (Dmf).
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 112, f. 203-207 (mf).
mf crewi (Banks, 1903)....................Greater Antilles, Virgin Is.
Singa crewii Banks, 1903: 342, pl. 15, f. 8 (Df).
Araneus c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 387.
Larinia coamensis Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 335, f. 221-224 (Df).
Araneus c. Bryant, 1945a: 364, f. 1, 3 (Tf from Singa, Dm, S).
M. c. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 245 (Tmf from Araneus).
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 99, f. 107-113 (mf).
m cunha Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 146, f. 418-419 (Dm).
mf curari Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. c. Levi, 1995a: 106, f. 144-149 (Dmf).
mf dubia (Keyserling, 1864)....................Costa Rica, Cuba to Galapagos Is., Peru, Brazil
Epeira d. Keyserling, 1864: 123, pl. 4, f. 12-13 (Df).
Epeira d. Keyserling, 1892: 187, pl. 9, f. 138 (f).
Araneus dubius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Epeira moraballii Hingston, 1932: 363 (Df).
M. d. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
M. d. Levi, 1995a: 82, f. 15-21 (f, Dm, S).
f ducke Levi, 1995....................Brazil, Bolivia
M. d. Levi, 1995a: 138, f. 365-369 (Df).
mf enabla Levi, 1995....................Venezuela
M. e. Levi, 1995a: 95, f. 81-86 (Dmf).
f erratica (Keyserling, 1883)....................Brazil
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1883a: 197, pl. 15, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Olivier, 1789, sub Aranea).
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1892: 161, pl. 8, f. 119 (f).
Araneus erraticus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 291.
Aranea errans Roewer, 1942a: 841 (replacement name).
Bertrana e. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Araneus, S).
M. e. Levi, 1995a: 140, f. 370-373 (Tf from Bertrana).
f floresta Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. f. Levi, 1995a: 132, f. 314-317 (Df).
mf genaro Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. g. Levi, 1995a: 141, f. 378-384 (Dmf).
mf genialis (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 156, pl. 8, f. 114 (Df).
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 293.
M. geniales Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 186 (Tf from Araneus).
M. g. Levi, 1995a: 118, f. 239-246 (f, Dm).
mf glomerabilis (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 154, pl. 8. f. 113 (Dmf).
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Metepeira g. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 68, f. 181 (Tmf from Araneus).
M. g. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tmf from Metepeira).
f goeldii Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. g. Levi, 1995a: 104, f. 133-137 (Df).
mf gregalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Nicaragua, West Indies to Argentina
Epeira g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 22, pl. 5, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 177, pl. 9, f. 131 (f, Dm).
M. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 501, pl. 47, f. 24 (f).
Aranea g. Strand, 1907j: 227.
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295.
Eustala tuceps Chamberlin, 1925d: 217 (Df).
M. g. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 327, f. 208-210 (mf).
M. manni Bryant, 1945a: 377, f. 12-13, 23 (Dmf).
M. similis Caporiacco. 1947a: 25 (Df).
M. similis Caporiacco, 1948a: 660, f. 70 (f).
M. g. Levi, 1995a: 121, f. 253-262 (mf, S).
m ikuruwa Levi, 1995....................Guyana
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 120, f. 250-252 (Dm).
mf incerta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Belize to Panama
Epeira i. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 23, pl. 4, f. 15 (Df).
Epeira fecunda O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 26, pl. 6, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Epeira i. Keyserling, 1892: 163, pl. 8, f. 120 (f).
Epeira fecunda Keyserling, 1892: 164, pl. 8, f. 121 (mf).
Aranea i. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 512, pl. 49, f. 7-8 (mf.
Araneus incertus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
Araneus incertus Kraus, 1955b: 22, f. 62-65 (mf).
M. i. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tmf from Araneus).
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 93, f. 69-73 (mf).
f ipago Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 86, f. 35-38 (Df).
f ipanga Levi, 1995....................Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 107, f. 164-167 (Df).
m isabelae Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 96, f. 91-93 (Dm).
f ituari Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. i. Levi, 1995a: 128, f. 289-291 (Df).
m jamari Levi, 1995....................Brazil, Surinam
M. j. Levi, 1995a: 99, f. 104-106 (Dm).
mf keyserlingi Banks, 1929....................Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Trinidad
M. k. Banks, 1929: 94, pl. 4, f. 63 (Df).
M. k. Levi, 1995a: 89, f. 48-54 (removed f from S of M. zilloides, contra Levi, 1977a: 92, Dm).
mf lagiana Levi, 1995....................Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 134, f. 328-332 (Dmf).
mf laticeps (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Bolivia, Brazil
Epeira l. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 18, pl. 4, f. 16 (Df).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1892: 175, pl. 8, f. 129 (f).
Aranea l. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 516, pl. 49, f. 21 (Df).
Araneus l. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 299.
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 117, f. 226-230 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
f lazepa Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Venezuela
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 110, f. 181-184 (Df).
f limonal Levi, 1995....................Peru, Brazil, Argentina
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 128, f. 292-294 (Df).
mf lopez Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 137, f. 351-359 (Dmf).
f loque Levi, 1995....................Bolivia
M. l. Levi, 1995a: 136, f. 337-341 (Df).
m manu Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. m. Levi, 1995a: 140, f. 374-377 (Dm).
m mariahelenae Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. m. Levi, 1995a: 132, f. 318-321 (Dm).
f matanzas Levi, 1995....................Cuba
M. m. Levi, 1995a: 113, f. 208-212 (Df).
f moldira Levi, 1995....................Ecuador, Peru
M. m. Levi, 1995a: 144, f. 401-404 (Df).
mf mundulella (Strand, 1916)....................Brazil
Aranea m. Strand, 1916b: 114 (Dmf).
M. m. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tmf from Larinia per Roewer, 1942a: 771).
M. m. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tmf from Araneus per Roewer, 1942a: 848; N.B.: species listed twice by Roewer, sub both Araneus and Larinia).
M. m. Levi, 1995a: 118, f. 231-238 (mf).
mf nigrocincta (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................Mexico to Panama
Aranea n. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 513, pl. 49, f. 11-12 (Dmf).
Araneus nigrocinctus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
M. n. Levi, 1995a: 133, f. 322-327 (Tmf from Araneus).
f nobas Levi, 1995....................Ecuador
M. n. Levi, 1995a: 103, f. 129-132 (Df).
mf octama Levi, 1995....................Panama to Peru
M. o. Levi, 1995a: 130, f. 309-313 (Dmf).
m oro Levi, 1995....................Ecuador
M. o. Levi, 1995a: 146, f. 425-428 (Dm).
f pallidula (Keyserling, 1864)....................Mexico to Peru
Epeira p. Keyserling, 1864: 124, pl. 4, f. 14-15 (Df).
Epeira simplicissima Keyserling, 1883a: 203, pl. 15, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira p. Keyserling, 1892: 158, pl. 8, f. 116 (f).
Epeira simplicissima Keyserling, 1892: 169, pl. 8, f. 125 (f).
Singa mollybyrnae McCook, 1894: 229, pl. 19, f. 1 (Df).
Aranea p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 514, pl. 49, f. 13 (f).
Araneus mollybyrnae Petrunkevitch, 1911: 304.
Araneus pallidulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 308.
Araneus simplicissimus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315.
M. p. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 256 (Tf from Araneus).
Araneus palloides Roewer, 1955c: 1715 (replacement name for Epeira pallidula Keyserling, 1863, preoccupied in Araneus by Clerck, 1757, but superfluous because of T by Mello-Leitão, 1941).
M. p. Levi, 1972a: 231 (S).
M. p. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
M. simplicissima Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tf from Araneus).
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 94, f. 74-80 (f, Dm, S).
f paquisha Levi, 1995....................Venezuela, Peru
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 103, f. 125-128 (Df).
m pastaza Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 92, f. 66-68 (Dm).
mf patiama Levi, 1995....................Peru, Brazil
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 85, f. 29-34 (Dmf).
f peckorum Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 142, f. 391-400 (Df).
mf pimentel Levi, 1995....................Venezuela, Peru
M. p. Levi, 1995a: 85, f. 22-28 (Dmf).
f redfordi Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. r. Levi, 1995a: 96, f. 87-90 (Df).
mf rogenhoferi (Keyserling, 1878)....................Brazil
Zilla r. Keyserling, 1878a: 578, pl. 14, f. 6 (Df).
Zilla r. Keyserling, 1892: 296, pl. 15, f. 219 (f).
Araneus r. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Zygiella r. Roewer, 1942a: 887.
M. r. Levi, 1974a: 271 (Tf from Zygiella).
M. r. Levi, 1995a: 98, f. 94-99 (f, Dm).
m rothi Levi, 1995....................Colombia
M. r. Levi, 1995a: 145, f. 414-415 (Dm).
f samiria Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. s. Levi, 1995a: 138, f. 360-364 (Df).
mf saturnino Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. s. Levi, 1995a: 111, f. 197-202 (Dmf).
mf sendero Levi, 1995....................Ecuador, Peru
M. s. Levi, 1995a: 114, f. 216-221 (Dmf).
f serian Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica
M. s. Levi, 1995a: 108, f. 172-176 (Df).
m silvestris (Bryant, 1942)....................Puerto Rico
Larinia s. Bryant, 1942b: 5, f. 5, 7, 10-11 (Dm).
Cyclosa s. Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 246 (Tm from Larinia).
M. s. Levi, 1999: 375, f. 430-432 (Tm from Cyclosa).
f souza Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. s. Levi, 1995a: 137, f. 346-350 (Df).
f taman Levi, 1995....................Mexico
M. t. Levi, 1995a: 102, f. 121-124 (Df).
m tanica Levi, 1995....................Guyana
M. t. Levi, 1995a: 128, f. 295-297 (Dm).
f tapa Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. t. Levi, 1995a: 92, f. 62-65 (Df).
mf uma Levi, 1995....................Peru, Brazil
M. u. Levi, 1995a: 116, f. 222-225 (Dmf).
f uraricoera Levi, 1995....................Brazil, Guyana, Surinam
M. u. Levi, 1995a: 108, f. 168-171 (Df).
f uratron Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. u. Levi, 1995a: 111, f. 193-196 (Df).
f valentim Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 144, f. 405-408 (Df).
mf vaupes Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Peru, Brazil
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 129, f. 298-302 (Dmf).
f vaurieorum Levi, 1995....................Guatemala
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 102, f. 114-118 (Df).
f viriosa (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 165, pl. 8, f. 122 (Df).
Araneus viriosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
M. v. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tf from Araneus).
M. v. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 248 (N.B.: also listed on p. 240 as a species of Drexelia=Larinia!).
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 126, f. 285-288 (f).
mf voluptifica (Keyserling, 1892)....................Colombia to Argentina
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 152, pl. 7, f. 112 (Dmf).
Zilla punctata Keyserling, 1893: 305, pl. 15, f. 225 (Df).
Epeira mundula Keyserling, 1892: 179, pl. 9, f. 132 (Dmf).
Larinia mundula Simon, 1905e: 10.
Araneus punctatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 311.
Araneus voluptificus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
Zygiella punctata Roewer, 1942a: 887.
M. v. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus mundulus Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tmf from Larinia).
M. mundula Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991: 246 (Tmf from Araneus).
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 125, f. 277-284 (mf, S).
mf voxanta Levi, 1995....................Brazil
M. v. Levi, 1995a: 141, f. 385-390 (Dmf).
mf wittfeldae (McCook, 1894) *....................USA to Costa Rica
Epeira w. McCook, 1894: 168, pl. 7, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
M. w. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 501, pl. 47, f. 22-23 (mf).
Araneus w. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 325.
M. w. Levi, 1977a: 92, f. 90-103 (mf).
M. w. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 62 (m).
M. w. Breene et al., 1993: 106, f. 162A-C (mf).
M. w. Levi, 1995a: 81, f. 1-7 (mf).
M. w. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 375, f. 19 (m).
mf yobena Levi, 1995....................Colombia to Guyana, Bolivia
M. y. Levi, 1995a: 124, f. 270-276 (Dmf).
mf yucumo Levi, 1995....................Colombia, Peru, Bolivia
M. y. Levi, 1995a: 106, f. 154-163 (Dmf).
mf zilloides (Banks, 1898)....................USA, West Indies to Honduras
Epeira z. Banks, 1898b: 255, pl. 15, f. 2 (Dmf).
Aranea dilitata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 513, pl. 49, f. 9 (Dm).
Aranea z. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
Araneus dilitatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Araneus z. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 326.
Metazygia albonigra Bryant, 1940: 339, f. 107-109, 111 (Tmf from Larinia, misidentified).
Araneus pallidulus Kraus, 1955b: 24, f. 66 (f, misidentified).
M. z. Levi, 1977a: 92, f. 104-111 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
M. z. Levi, 1995a: 86, f. 39-47 (mf).
In synonymy:
M. dakota Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = M. grandiosa alpina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 (Levi, 1977b: 212).
M. douglasi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 = M. grinnelli (Coolidge, 1910) (Levi, 1977b: 198).
M. ensenada Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = M. ventura Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (Levi, 1977b: 204).
M. inerma Bryant, 1945 = M. datona Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (Levi, 1977b: 208).
M. jamaicensis Archer, 1958 = M. minima Gertsch, 1936 (Levi, 1977b: 206).
M. josepha Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = M. crassipes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (Levi, 1977b: 202).
M. keyserlingi (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = M. labyrinthea (Hentz, 1847) (Levi, 1977b: 196).
M. nanella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = M. foxi Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 (Levi, 1977b: 210).
M. palomara Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = M. grandiosa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 (Levi, 1977b: 210).
M. triangularis (Franganillo, 1930, T from Mangora) = M. labyrinthea (Hentz, 1847) (Franganillo, 1936c: 75).
f acostai Archer, 1958....................Cuba
M. a. Archer, 1958: 15, f. 36 (Df).
mf arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................USA, Mexico
M. a. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 69, f. 182-187 (Dmf).
M. a. Levi, 1977b: 200, f. 12-13, 39-46 (mf).
mf bani Archer, 1965....................Hispaniola
M. b. Archer, 1965b: 132, f. 11, 13, 17 (Dmf).
f bengryi (Archer, 1958)....................Jamaica
Singa b. Archer, 1958: 18, f. 38 (Df).
M. b. Levi, 1972a: 230 (Tf from Singa).
f brunneiceps Caporiacco, 1954....................French Guiana
M. beunneiceps Caporiacco, 1954: 102, f. 23, 23a (Df, lapsus).
m chilapae Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936....................Mexico
M. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 45, pl. 13, f. 119-121 (Dm).
mf comanche Levi, 1977....................USA, Mexico
M. c. Levi, 1977b: 204, f. 61-69 (Dmf).
mf compsa (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Araneus c. Chamberlin, 1916: 252, pl. 19, f. 6 (Df).
M. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 71, f. 193-195 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf crassipes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................USA, Mexico
M. c. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 66, f. 171-173 (Dmf).
M. josepha Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 64, f. 165 (Df).
M. c. Levi, 1977b: 202, f. 47-52 (mf, S).
mf datona Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................USA, Greater Antilles
M. d. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 68, f. 196 (Df).
M. inerma Bryant, 1945a: 378, f. 20 (Df).
M. d. Levi, 1977b: 208, f. 78-86 (f, Dm, S).
mf desenderi Baert, 1987....................Galapagos Is.
M. d. Baert, 1987b: 145, f. 16-21 (Dmf).
f dominicana Archer, 1965....................Hispaniola
M. d. Archer, 1965b: 132, f. 12, 18 (Df).
mf foxi Gertsch & Ivie, 1936....................USA, Canada
M. f. Gertsch & Ivie, 1936: 20, f. 42-44 (Dmf).
M. f. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 71, f. 197-198 (m).
M. nanella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 71, f. 199 (Df).
M. f. Levi, 1977b: 210, f. 87-96 (mf, S).
f galatheae (Thorell, 1891)....................Bolivia
Epeira g. Thorell, 1891: 53 (Df).
M. g. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
mf gosoga Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935....................USA
M. s. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935b: 21, pl. 10, f. 82-83 (Df).
M. g. Levi, 1977b: 209, f. 28-36 (f, Dm).
mf grandiosa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941....................USA, Canada
M. g. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941b: 17, f. 24-26 (Df).
M. palomara Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 72, f. 200-204 (Dmf).
M. g. Levi, 1977b: 210, f. 112-116 (m, Sf).
mf grandiosa alpina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................North America
M. alpina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 74 (Df).
M. dakota Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 73, f. 205-207 (Dmf).
M. g. a. Levi, 1977b: 212, f. 99-100, 106-111 (f reduced to subspecies, Sm).
mf grandiosa palustris Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................USA, Canada
M. palustris Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 73, f. 208-210 (Dmf).
M. g. p. Levi, 1977b: 212, f. 97-98, 101-105 (mf, reduced to subspecies).
f gressa (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 166, pl. 8, f. 123 (Df).
Araneus gressus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295.
Metazygia g. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 187 (Tf from Araneus).
M. g. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Metazygia).
mf grinnelli (Coolidge, 1910)....................USA, Mexico
Epeira labyrinthea g. Coolidge, 1910: 281 (Df).
M. douglasi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941b: 18, f. 21-23 (Df).
M. douglasi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 66, f. 169-170 (Dm).
M. g. Levi, 1977b: 198, f. 21-27, 37-38 (elevated f from subspecies, Sm).
f incrassata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903....................Mexico, Guatemala
M. i. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 460, pl. 43, f. 11 (Df).
mf labyrinthea (Hentz, 1847)....................North America
Epeira l. Hentz, 1847: 471, pl. 31, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira rectangula Nicolet, 1849: 500 (Df).
Epeira crucifera Keyserling, 1864: 132, pl. 6, f. 11-12 (Df; preoccupied by Lucas, 1835).
Epeira solitudinis Holmberg, 1881b: 122, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira l. Emerton, 1884: 314, pl. 34, f. 8, pl. 36, f. 11 (f, Dm).
Epeira l. Keyserling, 1893: 215, pl. 10, f. 160 (mf).
Epeira l. McCook, 1894: 171, pl. 7, f. 10-12 (mf).
Araneus karkii Tullgren, 1901b: 219, pl. 17, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira l. Emerton, 1902: 174, f. 408-410 (f).
M. l. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 458, pl. 43, f. 6-7 (mf).
Araneus labyrintheus Simon, 1904e: 95.
Araneus cruciferus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287.
Araneus solitudinis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
M. l. Chamberlin, 1924b: 648, f. 91-92.
M. l. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 319, f. 194-196 (mf).
Mangora triangularis Franganillo, 1930: 21, f. 7 (Df).
M. l. Franganillo, 1936c: 75 (S).
M. l. Comstock, 1940: 476, f. 476 (m).
M. l. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 63, f. 161-164 (mf).
Aranea keyserlingi Roewer, 1942a: 861 (replacement name for Epeira crucifera).
M. l. Muma, 1943: 95, pl. XIV, f. 1 (f).
M. l. Kaston, 1948: 226, f. 704, 724 (m).
M. triangularis Archer, 1958: 15, f. 37 (f).
Araneus labyrintheus Bücherl, 1959: 295, f. 19-21 (f).
M. l. Levi, 1977b: 196, f. 1-11, 14-20 (mf, S).
M. l. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 63 (m).
f latigyna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................Brazil
M. l. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 70, f. 191-192 (Df).
f lima Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................Peru
M. l. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 67, f. 180 (Df).
mf minima Gertsch, 1936....................USA, Mexico, Jamaica
M. m. Gertsch, 1936a: 10, f. 31 (Dm).
M. m. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 67, f. 174 (Df).
M. jamaicensis Archer, 1958: 16, f. 33 (Df).
M. m. Levi, 1977b: 206, f. 70-77 (m, Sf).
mf nigriventris (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Peru
Epeira n. Taczanowski, 1878b: 151, pl. 1, f. 6 (Dmf).
Epeira n. Keyserling, 1893: 217, pl. 10, f. 161 (mf).
Araneus n. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 306.
M. n. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 74, f. 211-214 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf perezi Archer, 1965....................Puerto Rico
M. p. Archer, 1965b: 132, f. 14, 16 (Dmf).
f salei (Keyserling, 1864)....................Mexico
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1864: 93, pl. 4, f. 10-11 (Df).
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1892: 196, pl. 9, f. 145 (f).
Aranea sallei F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
Araneus s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
M. s. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tf from Araneus).
f santa (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Aranea s. Chamberlin, 1916: 254, pl. 19, f. 10 (Df).
M. s. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 67 (Tf from Araneus).
m seditiosa (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Epeira s. Keyserling, 1893: 212, pl. 10, f. 157 (Dm).
Araneus seditiosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 314.
Eustala seditosa Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 179 (Tm from Araneus).
M. s. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tm from Eustala).
mf spinipes F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 *....................Mexico
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 459, pl. 43, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Araneus s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
m uncata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903....................Guatemala
M. u. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903a: 459, pl. 43, f. 8 (Dm).
mf vaurieorum Archer, 1965....................Martinique, Guadeloupe
M. v. Archer, 1965b: 133, f. 15, 19 (Dmf).
M. v. Lopez, 1993: 10, f. 11 (m).
mf ventura Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................USA, Mexico
M. v. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 67, f. 175-179 (Dmf).
M. ensenada Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 65, f. 166-168 (Dm).
M. v. Levi, 1977b: 204, f. 53-60 (mf, S).
m vigilax (Keyserling, 1893)....................Brazil
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1893: 211, pl. 10, f. 156 (Dm).
Araneus v. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
M. v. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tm from Araneus).
mf virginensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942....................Virgin Is.
M. v. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 70, f. 188-190 (Dmf).
f ypsilonota Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
M. y. Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 205 (Df).
Transferred to other genera:
M. beta Caporiacco, 1947 -- see Linyphiidae incertae sedis.
M. conspicua Mello-Leitão, 1929 -- see Chaetacis.
M. necopinata Chickering, 1960 -- see Chaetacis.
In synonymy:
M. acanthomasta (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = M. spitzi Mello-Leitão, 1932 (Levi, 1985: 551).
M. aciculata Simon, 1897 = M. crassa (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 474).
M. aculeata (Fabricius, 1775) = M. spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1985: 581).
M. acutoides (Taczanowski, 1879) = M. triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778) (Levi, 1985: 537).
M. acutospina (Keyserling, 1863) = M. lucasi (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 496).
M. alata (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. plana (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 509).
M. albomaculata (Keyserling, 1892) = M. flaveola (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 544).
M. alpha Caporiacco, 1947 = M. acuta (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1985: 542).
M. amplexa Mello-Leitão, 1944 = M. furcata (Hahn, 1822) (Levi, 1985: 568).
M. armata (Olivier, 1789) = M. militaris (Fabricius, 1775) (Bryant, 1940: 376).
M. asciata (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. digitata (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 475).
M. bergi Simon, 1901 = M. crassispina (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 494).
M. bifissa (Keyserling, 1892) = M. brevispina (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 522).
M. bifurcata (Hahn, 1835) = M. furcata (Hahn, 1822) (Levi, 1985: 568).
M. browningi Chickering, 1960 = M. schenkeli Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Levi, 1985: 539).
M. brunnea Mello-Leitão, 1941 = M. guerini (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 449).
M. bryantae Chickering, 1964 = M. forcipata (Thorell, 1859) (Levi, 1985: 594).
M. bullata (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. digitata (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 475).
M. cala Chamberlin, 1916 = M. fidelis (Banks, 1909) (Levi, 1985: 477, contra Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 266, who placed M. c. as a synonym of M. elongata instead).
M. carvalhoi Mello-Leitão, 1944 = M. pungens (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1985: 599).
M. catenulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. funebris (Marx, 1898) (Levi, 1985: 586).
M. caucaensis Strand, 1908 = M. bicolor (Keyserling, 1863) (Levi, 1985: 534).
M. coleophora Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Chickering, 1961: 452).
M. comstocki Archer, 1951 = M. sagittata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1978a: 432).
M. cornigera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) = M. sexspinosa (Hahn, 1822) (Chickering, 1961: 456).
M. cuminamensis Mello-Leitão, 1930 = M. miles Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1985: 482).
M. cylindracea Franganillo, 1930 = M. forcipata (Thorell, 1859) (Bryant, 1940: 372).
M. dahli Reimoser, 1917 = M. triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778) (Levi, 1985: 537).
M. defensa (Butler, 1873) = M. vigorsi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 557).
M. difissa (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. furcata (Hahn, 1822) (Levi, 1985: 568).
M. disjuncta Chickering, 1961 = M. duodecimspinosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 506).
M. duplicata (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 554).
M. fericula (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) = M. flaveola (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 544).
M. flabellata (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. furcata (Hahn, 1822) (Levi, 1985: 568).
M. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1863) = M. forcipata (Thorell, 1859) (Chickering, 1964a: 257).
M. gamma Caporiacco, 1947 = M. schenkeli Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Levi, 1985: 539).
M. gentilicia Chickering, 1964 = M. schenkeli Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Levi, 1985: 539).
M. gertschi Chickering, 1964 = M. triangularis (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 512).
M. gladiola (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. flaveola (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 544).
M. granulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. funebris (Marx, 1898) (Levi, 1978a: 426).
M. hamata Chickering, 1960 = M. spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1985: 581).
M. henseli Reimoser, 1917 = M. nigrichelis Strand, 1908 (Levi, 1985: 455).
M. hyatti Chickering, 1960 = M. digitata (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 475).
M. imbellis Simon, 1895 = M. saccata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 490).
M. inaequalis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. lucasi (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 496).
M. inermis (Schenkel, 1953) = M. acuta (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1985: 542).
M. insolita Chickering, 1961 = M. evansi Chickering, 1960 (Levi, 1985: 536).
M. joinvillicola Strand, 1915 = M. lucasi (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 496).
M. lepida Chickering, 1964 = M. evansi Chickering, 1960 (Levi, 1985: 536).
M. lesserti Mello-Leitão, 1939 = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 555).
M. levii Chickering, 1964 = M. evansi Chickering, 1960 (Levi, 1985: 536).
M. longicauda (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) = M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873) (Chickering, 1961: 424).
M. lordotica Mello-Leitão, 1941 = M. rubicundula (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 454).
M. luctuosa (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. pungens (Walckenaer, 1842) (Chickering, 1960d: 85).
M. macilenta Chickering, 1961 = M. duodecimspinosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 506).
M. maculata (Banks, 1900) = M. funebris (Marx, 1898) (Levi, 1978a: 426).
M. mansueta Chickering, 1960 = M. brevispina (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 522).
M. maronica (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. plana (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 509).
M. mathani Simon, 1897 = M. triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778) (Levi, 1985: 537).
M. melloleitaoi Archer, 1971 = M. macfarlanei Chickering, 1961 (Levi, 1985: 498).
M. miles nigra Caporiacco, 1948 = M. miles Simon, 1895 (Levi, 1985: 482).
M. mirifica Chickering, 1961 = M. excavata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 516).
M. misionesica (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = M. spitzi Mello-Leitão, 1932 (Levi, 1985: 550).
M. modica Chickering, 1961 = M. quadriserrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1985: 518).
M. mourei (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = M. saccata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Scharff, 1991: 155).
M. multituberculata Caporiacco, 1947 = M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1985: 596).
M. munsonae Archer, 1971 = M. triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778) (Levi, 1985: 537).
M. mutilloides (Simon, 1895) = M. vigorsi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 557).
M. myrmeciaeformis (Taczanowski, 1872) = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 554).
M. nigrior Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. gracilis (Walckenaer, 1806) (Chickering, 1961: 421).
M. nitida Chickering, 1964 = M. plana (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 509).
M. occidentalis (Taczanowski, 1879) = M. lucasi (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 496).
M. patruelis alba Franganillo, 1930 = M. cubana (Banks, 1909) (Levi, 1985: 491).
M. patruelis luteomaculata Strand, 1908 = M. mitrata (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1985: 486).
M. patruelis mediovittata Strand, 1908 = M. mitrata (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1985: 486).
M. patruelis rufa Franganillo, 1930 = M. cubana (Banks, 1909) (Levi, 1985: 491).
M. perlata Simon, 1895 = M. spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levi, 1985: 581).
M. peruana (Taczanowski, 1879) = M. mitrata (Hentz, 1850) (Levi, 1985: 486).
M. petersi (Taczanowski, 1872) = M. sexspinosa (Hahn, 1822) (Levi, 1985: 585).
M. pfannli Reimoser, 1917 = M. furva (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1985: 476).
M. pilosa (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. triangularis (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 512).
M. planata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. clypeata (Walckenaer, 1805) (Mello-Leitão, 1940c: 176).
M. praeterita Chickering, 1964 = M. schenkeli Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Levi, 1985: 539).
M. pubescens Simon, 1895 = M. furcula (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 483).
M. racemina (Butler, 1873) = M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1985: 596).
M. reduviana (Walckenaer, 1842, removed from S of M. patruelis) = M. gracilis (Walckenaer, 1805) (Levi, 1978a: 433).
M. reduviana alba Franganillo, 1930 = M. cubana (Banks, 1909) (Levi, 1985: 491).
M. reduviana rufa Franganillo, 1936 = M. cubana (Banks, 1909) (Levi, 1985: 491).
M. retracta Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = M. saccata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 490, contra Chickering, 1961: 445).
M. rouxi (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Chaetacis) = M. quadriserrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1985: 518).
M. rubrocincta (Butler, 1873) = M. rufopunctata (Butler, 1873) (Levi, 1985: 486).
M. rubrospinosa (Keyserling, 1892) = M. brevispina (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 522).
M. rufa (Taczanowski, 1873, removed from S of M. spinosa) = M. triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778) (Levi, 1985: 537).
M. ruschii (Mello-Leitão, 1945) = M. triangularis (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 512).
M. sagittata emertoni Archer, 1951 = M. sagittata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1978a: 432).
M. sanctispiritus Brignoli, 1983 = M. lindenbergi Mello-Leitão, 1940 (Levi, 1985: 502).
M. sedes (Gétaz, 1893, removed from S of M. sexspinosa) = M. brevipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 578).
M. serrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. parallela (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 508).
M. silvicola Badcock, 1932 = M. swainsoni (Perty, 1833) (Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 39).
M. simoni Petrunkevitch, 1910 = M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1985: 596).
M. sordida (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. triangularis (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 512).
M. subflava Chickering, 1961 = M. excavata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 516).
M. subspinosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. duodecimspinosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) (Levi, 1985: 506).
M. subtilis (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 555).
M. tenuis (Taczanowski, 1873) = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 555).
M. tigris Mello-Leitão, 1932 = M. fissispina (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 478).
M. timida Caporiacco, 1947 = M. saccata (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Levi, 1985: 490).
M. tovarensis Simon, 1897 = M. crassa (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 474).
M. trapa (Gétaz, 1893) = M. lucasi (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 496).
M. tucumana Simon, 1897 = M. furva (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1985: 476).
M. uncata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = M. quadriserrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1985: 518).
M. vespoides (Walckenaer, 1842) = M. schreibersi (Perty, 1833) (Levi, 1985: 554).
M. vitiosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) = M. flaveola (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1985: 544).
M. xanthopyga Simon, 1895 = M. crassa (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1985: 474).
Homonym replaced:
M. parallela Mello-Leitão, 1940 -- see M. lindenbergi.
Nomina dubia:
M. bisicata (Walckenaer, 1842: 192, f, Brazil, originally in Plectana) -- Levi, 1985: 446.
M. mastonota Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 209 (f, Brazil) -- Levi, 1985: 446.
mf acuta (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Trinidad to Argentina
Plectana a. Walckenaer, 1842: 172 (Df).
Acrosoma acutum Keyserling, 1864: 71, pl. 2, f. 4 (f).
Acrosoma acutum Keyserling, 1892: 28, pl. 1, f. 25 (f).
M. a. Simon, 1895a: 853.
M. alpha Caporiacco, 1947a: 26 (Djm).
Ildibaha inermis Schenkel, 1953a: 28, f. 25a-b (Dm).
M. a. Levi, 1985: 542, f. 498-507 (f, Sm).
mf agriliformis (Taczanowski, 1879)....................Costa Rica to Bolivia
Acrosoma a. Taczanowski, 1879: 119 (Dmf; N.B.: "nicht zu deuten" per Roewer).
Araneus a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278.
M. a. Levi, 1985: 469, f. 94-101 (Tmf from Araneus).
f alvarengai Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. a. Levi, 1985: 517, f. 364-368 (Df).
mf anchicaya Levi, 1985....................Colombia, Ecuador
M. a. Levi, 1985: 575, f. 654-661 (Dmf).
mf annulata Reimoser, 1917....................Brazil, Paraguay
M. a. Reimoser, 1917: 149, pl. 9, f. 31 (Df).
M. a. Levi, 1985: 532, f. 440-447 (f, Dm).
f armigera (C. L. Koch, 1837)....................Brazil, Peru, Guyana
Acrosoma armigerum C. L. Koch, 1837a: 11, f. 257 (Df).
Plectana a. Walckenaer, 1842: 184.
M. a. Simon, 1895a: 860.
M. a. Reimoser, 1917: 138, pl. 9, f. 28 (Df).
M. a. Levi, 1985: 499, f. 261-265 (f).
mf atuncela Levi, 1985....................Colombia
M. a. Levi, 1985: 451, f. 31-39 (Dmf).
mf balzapamba Levi, 1985....................Ecuador
M. b. Levi, 1985: 552, f. 556-563 (Dmf).
f bananal Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. b. Levi, 1985: 517, f. 359-363 (Df).
mf banksi Levi, 1985....................Cuba
M. militaris Bryant, 1940: 376, f. 154 (f; not m).
M. b. Levi, 1985: 562, f. 589-596 (Dmf).
mf bicolor (Keyserling, 1864)....................Colombia, Peru
Acrosoma b. Keyserling, 1864: 73, pl. 2, f. 6 (Df).
Acrosoma b. Keyserling, 1892: 20, pl. 1, f. 16 (f).
M. b. Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. caucaensis Strand, 1908c: 4 (Df).
M. b. Chickering, 1960d: 67, f. 4-7 (f).
M. b. Levi, 1985: 534, f. 448-455 (f, Dm).
mf bifida (Taczanowski, 1879)....................Peru
Acrosoma b. Taczanowski, 1879: 112, pl. 1, f. 29 (Df).
M. b. Simon, 1895a: 851.
M. b. Levi, 1985: 454, f. 40-47 (f, Dm).
mf bimucronata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1899)....................Mexico to Panama
Acrosoma bimucronatum O. P.-Cambridge, 1899a: 302, pl. 36, f. 14 (Df).
M. b. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 538, pl. 51, f. 23 (f).
M. b. Chickering, 1961: 396, f. 1-5 (f).
M. b. Levi, 1985: 484, f. 176-182 (f, Dm).
f bogota Levi, 1985....................Colombia
M. b. Levi, 1985: 459, f. 84-88 (Df).
mf brevipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890)....................Mexico to Panama
Acrosoma b. O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 62, pl. 8, f. 10 (Dm).
Acrosoma b. Keyserling, 1892: 12, pl. 1, f. 9 (m).
Acrosoma sedes Gétaz, 1893: 105 (Df).
M. b. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 531, pl. 50, f. 8 (m).
M. sedes F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 540.
Acrosoma sedes Banks, 1929: 92, pl. 3, f. 36 (f).
M. b. Chickering, 1961: 398, f. 6-8 (m).
M. b. Levi, 1985: 578, f. 675-682, 723 (m, Df).
mf brevispina (Keyserling, 1864)....................Panama to Argentina
Acrosoma brevi-spinum Keyserling, 1864: 70, pl. 2, f. 3 (Df).
Acrosoma b. Butler, 1873b: 429.
Acrosoma brevi-spinum Keyserling, 1892: 25, pl. 1, f. 22 (f).
Acrosoma bifissum Keyserling, 1892: 30, pl. 1, f. 27 (Df).
Acrosoma rubrospinosum Keyserling, 1892: 30, pl. 2, f. 28 (Df).
M. bifissa Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. rubrospinosa Petrunkevitch, 1911: 377.
M. bifissa Reimoser, 1917: 95, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
M. bifissa Chickering, 1960d: 68, f. 8-11 (f).
M. b. Chickering, 1960d: 68, f. 12-14 (f).
M. mansueta Chickering, 1960d: 83, f. 66-70 (Dm).
M. b. Levi, 1985: 522, f. 386-393 (f, Sm).
mf clypeata (Walckenaer, 1805) *....................Panama to Peru
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1805: 67 (D).
M. c. Sundevall, 1833b: 14.
M. c. C. L. Koch, 1837a: 38, f. 272 (f).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 197.
M. c. Taczanowski, 1879: 109 (Dm).
M. c. Simon, 1895a: 859, f. 897 (f).
M. c. Reimoser, 1917: 90, pl.2, f. 3 (f).
M. planata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 54, pl. 15, f. 132-133, pl. 16, f. 139 (Dmf).
M. c. Mello-Leitão, 1940c: 176 (S).
M. c. Chickering, 1961: 400, f. 14-20 (mf).
M. c. Levi, 1985: 526, f. 418-425 (mf).
mf coca Levi, 1985....................Colombia to Brazil
M. c. Levi, 1985: 584, f. 704-711, 725, 729 (Dmf).
f coroico Levi, 1985....................Bolivia
M. c. Levi, 1985: 494, f. 230-234 (Df).
mf crassa (Keyserling, 1864)....................Costa Rica to Argentina
Acrosoma crassum Keyserling, 1864: 78, pl. 2, f. 11 (Df).
Acrosoma crassum Keyserling, 1892: 19, pl. 1, f. 15 (f).
M. xanthopyga Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 915 (Df).
M. c. Simon, 1895a: 860.
M. tovarensis Simon, 1897b: 468 (Df).
M. aciculata Simon, 1897b: 469 (Df).
M. xanthopyga Simon, 1897b: 470 (Df).
M. c. Reimoser, 1917: 110, pl. 6, f. 14 (f).
M. tovarensis Chickering, 1960c: 5, f. 13-14 (m).
M. c. Chickering, 1960d: 71, f. 21-25 (f).
M. c. Chickering, 1961: 402, f. 21-25 (f).
M. c. Levi, 1985: 474, f. 115-121 (f, Dm, S).
mf crassispina (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
Acrosoma crassispinum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 55, f. 209 (Df).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 180.
M. c. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 906 (f).
M. bergi Simon, 1901h: 121 (Df).
M. c. Levi, 1985: 494, f. 235-241 (f, Dm, S).
mf cubana (Banks, 1909)....................Cuba
Acrosoma c. Banks, 1909b: 163, pl. 45, f. 2 (Df).
M. reduviana alba Franganillo, 1930: 32 (Df).
M. reduviana rufa Franganillo, 1936c: 98 (D).
M. c. Bryant, 1940: 371, f. 137-138, 144, 152-153 (f only).
M. forcipata Bryant, 1940: 372, f. 141, 146 (m only, misidentified).
M. c. Chickering, 1964a: 256, f. 4-10 (f only).
M. forcipata Chickering, 1964a: 257, f. 16 (m only, misidentified).
M. patruelis alba Brignoli, 1983c: 248.
M. patruelis rufa Brignoli, 1983c: 248.
M. c. Levi, 1985: 491, f. 218-224 (f, Tm from M. forcipata, S).
f cyanospina (Lucas, 1835)....................Colombia to Brazil
Epeira c. Lucas, 1835a: 70, pl. 140, f. 3 (Df).
Plectana c. Walckenaer, 1842: 178.
Meganopla c. Simon, 1864: 292.
Acrosoma cyanospinum Butler, 1873b: 420.
M. c. Simon, 1895a: 849, f. 896 (f).
M. c. Chickering, 1960d: 73, f. 26-28 (f).
M. c. Levi, 1985: 566, f. 620-624 (f).
mf decorata Chickering, 1960....................Colombia
M. d. Chickering, 1960d: 73, f. 29-32 (Df).
M. d. Levi, 1985: 549, f. 534-542 (f, Dm).
f degeeri (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Surinam
Plectana degeerii Walckenaer, 1842: 174 (Df).
Acrosoma d. Butler, 1873b: 425.
M. d. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 368 (N.B.: omitted by Levi, 1985).
mf digitata (C. L. Koch, 1839)....................Brazil
Acrosoma digitatum C. L. Koch, 1839a: 128, f. 523 (Df).
Plectana bullata Walckenaer, 1842: 191 (Df).
Plectana asciata Walckenaer, 1842: 194 (Df).
Acrosoma asciatum Butler, 1873b: 426.
Acrosoma bullatum Butler, 1873b: 427.
M. asciata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 366.
M. bullata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 367.
M. d. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 369.
M. d. Reimoser, 1917: 119, pl. 7, f. 18 (f).
M. d. Chickering, 1960d: 75, f. 33-37 (f).
M. hyatti Chickering, 1960d: 80, f. 58-62 (Df).
M. d. Levi, 1985: 475, f. 122-128 (f, Dm, S).
mf donaldi Chickering, 1961....................Costa Rica to Colombia
M. d. Chickering, 1961: 405, f. 31-34 (Dm).
M. d. Levi, 1985: 580, f. 683-690, 727 (m, Df).
mf duodecimspinosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890)....................Guatemala to Colombia
Acrosoma 12-spinosum O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 63, pl. 8, f. 12 (Df).
Acrosoma 12-spinosa Keyserling, 1892: 18, pl. 1, f. 14 (f).
M. subspinosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 535, pl. 51, f. 17 (Df).
M. d. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 535, pl. 51, f. 18 (f).
M. d. Reimoser, 1917: 108, pl. 5, f. 12 (f).
M. disjuncta Chickering, 1961: 403, f. 26-30 (Dm).
M. d. Chickering, 1961: 408, f. 35-45 (mf).
M. macilenta Chickering, 1961: 432, f. 103-109 (Dm).
M. subspinosa Chickering, 1961: 463, f. 194-197 (f).
M. d. Levi, 1985: 505, f. 290-303 (f, Sm).
f elongata (Keyserling, 1863)....................Colombia
Acrosoma elongatum Keyserling, 1864: 75, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df).
Acrosoma elongatum Keyserling, 1892: 22, pl. 1, f. 19 (f).
M. e. Simon, 1895a: 864.
M. e. Reimoser, 1917: 97.
M. e. Chickering, 1960d: 76, f. 38-40 (f).
M. e. Levi, 1985: 459, f. 89-93 (f).
f embira Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. e. Levi, 1985: 552, f. 551-555 (Df).
mf evansi Chickering, 1960....................Panama, Trinidad to Brazil
M. e. Chickering, 1960d: 77, f. 41-45 (Dm).
M. insolita Chickering, 1961: 428, f. 94-98 (Df).
M. lepida Chickering, 1964a: 264, f. 30-34 (Df).
M. levii Chickering, 1964a: 267, f. 35-40 (Dm).
M. e. Levi, 1985: 536, f. 7, 456-470 (m, Sf).
mf excavata (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Panama to Brazil
Acrosoma excavatum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 80, f. 227 (Df).
M. e. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 369.
M. e. Reimoser, 1917: 108, pl. 5, f. 9 (f).
M. mirifica Chickering, 1961: 437, f. 117-121 (Dm).
M. subflava Chickering, 1961: 461, f. 189-193 (Df).
M. e. Levi, 1985: 516, f. 347-353 (f, Sm).
f exlinae Levi, 1985....................Peru
M. e. Levi, 1985: 514, f. 342-346 (Df).
mf fidelis (Banks, 1909)....................Costa Rica to Argentina
Acrosoma f. Banks, 1909a: 212 (Df).
M. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 370.
M. cala Chamberlin, 1916: 261, pl. 20, f. 6 (Df).
M. f. Chickering, 1961: 411, f. 46-49 (f).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 477, f. 136-143 (f, Dm, S).
mf fissispina (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Brazil, French Guiana
Acrosoma fissispinum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 54, f. 208 (Df).
Plectana f. Walckenaer, 1842: 189.
M. f. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 903 (f).
M. f. Reimoser, 1917: 120, pl. 7, f. 20 (f).
M. tigris Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 87, f. 5 (Df).
M. f. Chickering, 1960b: 2, f. 1-3 (f).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 478, f. 149-155 (f, Dm, S).
mf flaveola (Perty, 1839)....................Costa Rica to Argentina
Acrosoma aculeatum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 58, f. 211 (Df, preoccupied).
Acrosoma flaveolum Perty, in C. L. Koch, 1839a: 126, f. 522 (Df).
Plectana f. Walckenaer, 1842: 182.
Plectana gladiola Walckenaer, 1842: 182.
Acrosoma gladiola Butler, 1873b: 424.
Acrosoma vitiosum O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 63, pl. 8, f. 14 (Dm).
Acrosoma fericulum O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 64, pl. 8, f. 13 (Df).
Acrosoma flaveolum Keyserling, 1892: 8, pl. 1, f. 5 (f).
Acrosoma vitiosa Keyserling, 1892: 10, pl. 1, f. 7 (m).
Acrosoma fericula Keyserling, 1892: 13, pl. 1, f. 10 (f).
Ildibaha albomaculata Keyserling, 1892: 31, pl. 2, f. 29 (Df).
M. vitiosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 532, pl. 50, f. 11 (m).
M. gladiola F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 537.
M. fericula F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 539.
M. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 370.
M. kochi Mello-Leitão, 1915b: 143 (D).
M. f. Reimoser, 1917: 146, pl. 9, f. 30 (f).
Ildibaha fericula Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 94.
M. f. Chickering, 1961: 413, f. 50-54 (f).
M. gladiola Chickering, 1961: 419, f. 67-71 (f).
M. vitiosa Chickering, 1961: 466, f. 206-210 (m).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 544, f. 8, 508-520 (f, Sm).
mf forcipata (Thorell, 1859)....................Mexico, Cuba, Hispaniola
Acrosoma forcipatum Thorell, 1859: 300 (Df).
Acrosoma flavo-maculatum Keyserling, 1864: 77, pl. 2, f. 10 (Df).
Acrosoma flavo-maculatum Keyserling, 1892: 24, pl. 1, f. 21 (f).
M. flavomaculata Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 909 (f).
M. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 370.
M. cylindracea Franganillo, 1930: 32 (Df).
M. f. Bryant, 1940: 372, f. 149, 151 (removed f from S of M. sexspinosa, S; not m, = M. cubana).
M. bryantae Chickering, 1964a: 254, f. 1-3 (Dm).
M. f. Chickering, 1964a: 257, f. 11-15 (f only, S).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 594, f. 761-769 (f, Sm).
?? forcipata argentata Franganillo, 1930....................Cuba
M. cylindracea a. Franganillo, 1930: 32 (D; N.B.: omitted by Roewer).
M. laminaris Franganillo, 1930: 31 (D; synonymy per Bonnet).
mf funebris (Marx, 1898)....................USA to Costa Rica
Acrosoma funebre Marx, in Banks, 1898b: 249 (Df).
Acrosoma maculata Banks, 1900a: 100 (Df).
M. granulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 532, pl. 50, f. 12 (Dm).
M. catenulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 538, pl. 51, f. 24 (Df).
M. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 370.
M. maculata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 373.
M. catenulata Chickering, 1961: 398, f. 9-13 (f).
M. f. Chickering, 1961: 414, f. 55-59 (f).
M. granulata Chickering, 1961: 423, f. 78-82 (m).
M. f. Levi, 1978a: 426, f. 16-27 (f, Sm).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 586, f. 732-740 (mf, S).
M. f. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 56 (m).
mf furcata (Hahn, 1822)....................Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
Epeira furcata Hahn, 1822: 2, pl. 11, f. A (Df).
Acrosoma bifurcata Hahn, 1835: 65, f. 158 (Df).
Acrosoma bifurcatum C. L. Koch, 1839a: 124, f. 521 (Df; N.B.: sexspinosa in legend, preoccupied).
Plectana difissa Walckenaer, 1842: 181.
Plectana flabellata Walckenaer, 1842: 192 (Df).
Plectana bifurcata Walckenaer, 1842: 195.
Acrosoma gilvulum C. L. Koch, 1844: 67, f. 886 (Df).
Acrosoma flabellatum Butler, 1873b: 425.
Acrosoma difissum Holmberg, 1883b: 236.
M. bifurcata Simon, 1895a: 911.
M. difissa Petrunkevitch, 1911: 369.
M. flabellata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 370.
M. difissa Reimoser, 1917: 113, pl. 6, f. 15 (f).
M. amplexa Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 332, f. 17-18 (Dm).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 568, f. 625-632 (f removed from S of M. sexspinosa, Sm).
mf furcula (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890)....................Guatemala to Brazil
Acrosoma f. O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 60, pl. 8, f. 11 (Df).
Acrosoma f. Keyserling, 1892: 17, pl. 1, f. 13 (f).
M. pubescens Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 917-918 (Df).
M. pubescens Simon, 1897b: 470 (Df).
M. f. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 539, pl. 51, f. 25 (f).
M. pubescens Chickering, 1960c: 5, f. 9-10 (m).
M. f. Chickering, 1961: 416, f. 60-66 (f, Dm).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 483, f. 169-175 (mf, S).
mf furva (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
Acrosoma furvum Keyserling, 1892: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (Dm).
M. tucumana Simon, 1897e: 7 (Df).
M. f. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 371.
M. pfannli Reimoser, 1917: 111, pl. 5, f. 13 (Df).
M. f. Chickering, 1960d: 78, f. 46-49 (m).
M. f. Levi, 1985: 476, f. 129-135 (m, Sf).
f gaujoni Simon, 1897....................Ecuador, Colombia
M. g. Simon, 1897b: 466 (Df).
M. g. Chickering, 1960c: 2, f. 2-3 (f).
M. g. Levi, 1985: 478, f. 144-148 (f).
f glyptogonoides Levi, 1985....................Mexico
M. g. Levi, 1985: 594, f. 756-760 (Df).
mf gracilis (Walckenaer, 1805)....................North, Central America
Epeira g. Walckenaer, 1805: 65 (D).
Plectana g. Walckenaer, 1842: 193 (Df).
Plectana reduviana Walckenaer, 1842: 201 (Df).
Acrosoma matronale C. L. Koch, 1844: 68, f. 887 (Df).
Epeira rugosa Hentz, 1850: 21, pl. 3, f. 10 (Df).
Acrosoma gracile Butler, 1873b: 425.
Acrosoma reduvianum Butler, 1873b: 426.
Acrosoma rugosum Emerton, 1884: 326, pl. 38, f. 10 (f, Dm).
Acrosoma gracile McCook, 1894: 212, pl. 21, f. 1-4 (f, Dm).
M. matronalis Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 902 (f).
M. reduviana Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 914 (f).
Acrosoma rugosum Emerton, 1902: 189, f. 439 (mf).
M. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 528, pl. 50, f. 3, pl. 51, f. 16 (mf).
M. g. Reimoser, 1917: 87, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf).
M. sexacantha Franganillo, 1930: 32 (D; synonymy per Bonnet).
M. nigrior Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 58, pl. 16, f. 134-135 (Df).
M. g. Chickering, 1961: 421, f. 72-77 (mf, S).
M. g. Levi, 1978a: 433, f. 55-68 (mf, S).
M. g. Levi, 1985: 595, f. 770-773 (mf).
M. g. Breene et al., 1993: 100, f. 144A-C (mf).
mf guanabara Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. g. Levi, 1985: 505, f. 283-289 (Dmf).
mf guayas Levi, 1985....................Ecuador
M. g. Levi, 1985: 575, f. 646-653 (Dmf).
mf guerini (Keyserling, 1864)....................Colombia
Acrosoma guerinii Keyserling, 1864: 79, pl. 2, f. 12 (Df).
Acrosoma g. Keyserling, 1892: 22, pl. 1, f. 18 (f).
M. g. Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. g. Reimoser, 1917: 124, pl. 7, f. 21 (f).
M. brunnea Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 265, f. 2 (Df).
M. g. Chickering, 1960d: 79, f. 50-51 (f).
M. g. Levi, 1985: 449, f. 10-17 (f, Dm, S).
f gurupi Levi, 1985....................Brazil, Surinam
M. g. Levi, 1985: 459, f. 79-83 (Df).
f hamifera Simon, 1897....................Ecuador to Brazil
M. h. Simon, 1897b: 467 (Df).
M. h. Chickering, 1960c: 3, f. 4-5 (f).
M. h. Levi, 1985: 570, f. 633-637 (f).
mf horrida (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Greater Antilles, Mexico to Argentina
Acrosoma h. Taczanowski, 1873: 281, pl. 6, f. 31 (Df).
Acrosoma mammillatum Butler, 1873b: 427 (Df).
Acrosoma raceminum Butler, 1873b: 427 (Df).
Acrosoma longicauda O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 61, pl. 8, f. 9 (Dm).
Acrosoma longicauda Keyserling, 1892: 15, pl. 1, f. 11 (m).
M. h. Simon, 1895a: 851, f. 898, 919 (f).
M. mammillata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 529.
M. longicauda F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 530, pl. 50, f. 5 (m).
M. h. Petrunkevitch, 1910: 212, pl. 21, f. 9-11 (f).
M. simoni Petrunkevitch, 1910: 213 (D).
M. racemina Petrunkevitch, 1911: 376.
M. h. Reimoser, 1917: 85, pl. 2, f. 2 (f).
M. h. Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 79, f. 2a.
M. mammillata Bryant, 1940: 374, f. 142, 147, 155 (mf).
M. h. Chickering, 1961: 424, f. 83-88 (mf, S).
M. h. Levi, 1985: 596, f. 774-783 (mf, S).
?? horrida tuberculata Franganillo, 1930....................Cuba
M. mammillata t. Franganillo, 1930: 31 (D; N.B.: omitted by Roewer).
f huanuco Levi, 1985....................Peru
M. h. Levi, 1985: 514, f. 337-341 (Df).
mf jundiai Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. j. Levi, 1985: 532, f. 432-439 (Dmf).
mf kirbyi (Perty, 1833)....................Colombia to Brazil
Acrosoma k. Perty, 1833: 195, pl. 38, f. 11 (Df).
Acrosoma oblonga Taczanowski, 1873: 275, pl. 6, f. 26 (Df).
M. k. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 904 (f).
M. oblonga Simon, 1895a: 860.
M. oblonga Petrunkevitch, 1910: 213, pl. 21, f. 12-13 (f).
M. k. Reimoser, 1917: 135, pl. 9, f. 26 (f).
M. k. Levi, 1985: 500, f. 266-270 (f).
M. k. Bonaldo, 1990: 89, f. 1-2 (Dm).
f kochalkai Levi, 1985....................Colombia
M. k. Levi, 1985: 452, f. 26-30 (Df).
mf lata Chickering, 1960....................Brazil
M. l. Chickering, 1960b: 5, f. 8-12 (Df).
M. l. Levi, 1985: 565, f. 608-615 (f, Dm).
f lenca Levi, 1985....................Mexico
M. l. Levi, 1985: 524, f. 405-409 (Df).
mf lepidoptera Mello-Leitão, 1941....................Costa Rica to Colombia
M. l. Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 266, f. 3 (Df).
M. l. Levi, 1985: 548, f. 525-533 (f, Dm).
f lindenbergi Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
M. l. Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 208 (Df).
M. parallela Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 209 (Df, preoccupied).
M. sanctispiritus Brignoli, 1983c: 249 (replacement name).
M. l. Levi, 1985: 502, f. 271-275 (f, S).
mf lucasi (Keyserling, 1864)....................Mexico to Brazil
Acrosoma lucasii Keyserling, 1864: 68, pl. 2, f. 1 (Df).
Acrosoma acuto-spinum Keyserling, 1864: 69, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
Acrosoma occidentalis Taczanowski, 1879: 111, pl. 1, f. 28 (Df).
Acrosoma l. Keyserling, 1892: 27, pl. 1, f. 24 (f).
Acrosoma trapa Gétaz, 1893: 105 (Df).
M. occidentalis Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. trapa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 539.
M. l. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 373.
M. occidentalis Reimoser, 1917: 112, pl. 6, f. 16 (f).
Acrosoma acutospina Keyserling, 1892: 26, pl. 1, f. 23 (f).
M. acutospina Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. inaequalis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 535, pl. 50, f. 20 (Df).
M. joinvillicola Strand, 1916b: 121 (Df).
M. acutospina Chickering, 1960d: 66, f. 1-3 (f).
M. l. Chickering, 1960d: 82, f. 63-65 (f).
M. occidentalis Chickering, 1960d: 85, f. 74-75 (f).
M. inaequalis Chickering, 1961: 427, f. 89-93 (f).
M. l. Levi, 1985: 496, f. 242-251 (f, Dm, S).
mf macfarlanei Chickering, 1961....................Panama to Brazil
M. m. Chickering, 1961: 430, f. 99-102 (Df).
M. melloleitaoi Archer, 1971: 157, f. 6 (Df).
M. m. Levi, 1985: 498, f. 252-260 (f, Dm, S).
f margerita Levi, 1985....................Mexico
M. m. Levi, 1985: 592, f. 746-750 (Df).
f marta Levi, 1985....................Colombia
M. m. Levi, 1985: 517, f. 354-358 (Df).
f miles Simon, 1895....................Brazil, Guyana, Peru
M. m. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 907 (Df).
M. m. Simon, 1897b: 468 (Df).
M. cuminamensis Mello-Leitão, 1930b: 62, f. 16 (Df).
M. miles nigra Caporiacco, 1948a: 667 (Dj).
M. m. Levi, 1985: 482, f. 164-168 (f, S).
mf militaris (Fabricius, 1775)....................Greater Antilles
Aranea m. Fabricius, 1775: 416 (Df).
Aranea armata Olivier, 1789: 205 (Df).
Aranea taurus Fabricius, 1793: 424 (Df).
Plectana m. Walckenaer, 1842: 174.
Plectana furcata Walckenaer, 1842: 176.
Plectana armata Walckenaer, 1842: 179.
Acrosoma armatum C. L. Koch, 1844: 65, f. 885 (f).
Acrosoma furcata Butler, 1873b: 421.
Acrosoma militare Butler, 1873b: 423.
M. armata Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 910 (f).
M. m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 373.
M. m. Petrunkevitch, 1926: 53, f. 12-15 (f).
M. m. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 257, f. 108 (f).
M. m. Bryant, 1940: 376, f. 140, 145 (Dm, S; not f, = M. banksi).
M. m. Chickering, 1964a: 269, f. 41-50 (mf).
M. m. Levi, 1985: 563, f. 597-607 (mf).
mf mitrata (Hentz, 1850)....................USA to Brazil
Epeira m. Hentz, 1850: 22, pl. 3, f. 11 (Df).
Acrosoma peruana Taczanowski, 1879: 116, pl. 1, f. 32 (Df).
Acrosoma m. Emerton, 1884: 327, pl. 38, f. 9 (Df).
Acrosoma reduvianum McCook, 1894: 213, pl. 23, f. 6-7 (mf, misidentified).
M. peruana Simon, 1895a: 861.
Acrosoma m. Emerton, 1902: 189, f. 438 (f).
M. m. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 538 (m).
M. patruelis luteomaculata Strand, 1908c: 4 (Df).
M. patruelis mediovittata Strand, 1908c: 4 (Df).
M. m. Chickering, 1961: 435, f. 110-116 (mf).
M. m. Levi, 1978a: 428, f. 28-40 (mf).
M. m. Levi, 1985: 486, f. 188, 192-198, pl. 3 (mf, S).
mf molesta Chickering, 1961....................Nicaragua to Panama
M. m. Chickering, 1961: 441, f. 127-132 (Df).
M. m. Levi, 1985: 523, f. 393-404 (f, Dm).
mf nigrichelis Strand, 1908....................Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
M. fissispina n. Strand, 1908c: 4 (Df).
M. henseli Reimoser, 1917: 121, pl. 7, f. 19 (Df).
M. henseli Camargo, 1950a: 450, f. 1a-c, 2a-f (Dm).
M. henseli Chickering, 1960d: 79, f. 52-57 (mf).
M. n. Levi, 1985: 455, f. 1-2, 6, 53-60 (f, Sm, elevated from subspecies).
f ornata Mello-Leitão, 1932....................Brazil
M. o. Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 86, f. 4 (Df).
M. o. Levi, 1985: 546, f. 521-524 (f).
mf parallela (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890)....................Costa Rica, Panama
Acrosoma parallelum O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 60, pl. 8, f. 15 (Dm).
Acrosoma parallelum Keyserling, 1892: 16, pl. 1, f. 12 (m).
M. p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 533, pl. 50, f. 13 (m).
M. serrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 534, pl. 50, f. 19 (Df).
M. p. Chickering, 1961: 443, f. 133-137 (m).
M. serrata Chickering, 1961: 455, f. 169-173 (f).
M. p. Levi, 1985: 508, f. 304-310 (m, Sf).
mf patruelis (C. L. Koch, 1839)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Acrosoma patruele C. L. Koch, 1839a: 130, f. 524 (Df).
Plectana patruela Walckenaer, 1842: 182.
M. p. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 533, pl. 50, f. 15-16 (f, Dm).
M. p. Reimoser, 1917: 102, pl. 4, f. 7 (mf).
M. p. Chickering, 1961: 445, f. 138-145 (mf).
M. p. Levi, 1985: 489, f. 199-206 (mf).
mf peregrinatorum (Holmberg, 1883)....................Brazil, Argentina
Acrosoma p. Holmberg, 1883b: 232 (Df).
M. p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 375.
M. peregrinatora Levi, 1985: 530, f. 426-431 (f).
M. p. Lise, 1995: 221, f. 1-5 (Dm).
f petrunkevitchi Levi, 1985....................Mexico
M. p. Levi, 1985: 576, f. 662-666 (Df).
mf pichincha Levi, 1985....................Ecuador
M. p. Levi, 1985: 578, f. 667-674, 722 (Dmf).
mf pilaton Levi, 1985....................Ecuador
M. p. Levi, 1985: 450, f. 18-25 (Dmf).
mf plana (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Virgin Is. to Argentina
Acrosoma planum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 81, f. 228 (Df).
Plectana p. Walckenaer, 1842: 188.
Plectana alata Walckenaer, 1842: 193 (Df).
Acrosoma alatum Butler, 1873b: 425.
Acrosoma maronica Taczanowski, 1873: 272, pl. 6, f. 24 (Df).
M. p. Simon, 1895a: 852.
M. alata Simon, 1895a: 859.
M. maronica Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. p. Reimoser, 1917: 109, pl. 5, f. 11 (f).
M. nitida Chickering, 1964a: 272, f. 51-56 (Dm).
M. p. Levi, 1985: 509, f. 311-325 (f, Sm).
mf pungens (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Colombia to Bolivia
Plectana p. Walckenaer, 1842: 173 (Df).
Acrosoma p. Keyserling, 1864: 72, pl. 2, f. 5 (f).
Acrosoma luctuosa Taczanowski, 1873: 267, pl. 5, f. 21 (Df).
Acrosoma p. Keyserling, 1892: 29, pl. 1, f. 26 (f).
M. p. Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. luctuosa Petrunkevitch, 1911: 373.
M. p. Reimoser, 1917: 134, pl. 8, f. 25 (f).
M. carvalhoi Mello-Leitão, 1944a: 9 (Df).
M. p. Chickering, 1960d: 85, f. 76-79 (f, S).
M. p. Levi, 1985: 598, f. 784-791 (f, Dm, S).
mf pupa Simon, 1897....................Colombia, Ecuador
M. p. Simon, 1897b: 469 (Dmf).
M. p. Chickering, 1960c: 5, f. 11-12 (f).
M. p. Levi, 1985: 470, f. 102-109 (mf).
mf quadriserrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Venezuela
M. q. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 534, pl. 50, f. 18 (Df).
M. uncata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 533, pl. 50, f. 14 (Dm).
M. q. Reimoser, 1917: 94, pl. 3, f. 4 (f).
Chaetacis rouxi Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 68, f. 45-47 (Df).
M. modica Chickering, 1961: 439, f. 122-126 (Dm).
M. q. Chickering, 1961: 448, f. 146-149 (f).
M. uncata Chickering, 1961: 466, f. 202-205 (m).
M. q. Levi, 1985: 518, f. 369-375 (f, Sm).
mf raimondi (Taczanowski, 1879)....................Peru, Ecuador
Acrosoma raimondii Taczanowski, 1879: 118 (Df).
M. r. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 376.
M. r. Levi, 1985: 480, f. 156-163 (f, Dm).
mf reali Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. r. Levi, 1985: 458, f. 66-73 (Dmf).
f reimoseri Mello-Leitão, 1935....................Brazil
M. r. Mello-Leitão, 1935a: 97, f. 14 (Df).
M. r. Levi, 1985: 565, f. 616-619 (f).
f rubicundula (Keyserling, 1864)....................Colombia, Ecuador
Acrosoma rubicundulum Keyserling, 1864: 74, pl. 2, f. 7 (Df).
Acrosoma rubicundulum Keyserling, 1892: 21, pl. 1, f. 17 (f).
M. r. Simon, 1895a: 860.
M. lordotica Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 267, f. 4 (Df).
M. r. Chickering, 1960d: 87, f. 80-82 (f).
M. r. Levi, 1985: 454, f. 48-52 (f, S).
f rufopunctata (Butler, 1873)....................Jamaica
Acrosoma rufopunctatum Butler, 1873b: 423 (Df).
Acrosoma rubrocinctum Butler, 1873b: 423 (Df).
M. rubrocincta Petrunkevitch, 1911: 377.
M. r. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 377.
M. r. Chickering, 1964a: 277, f. 64-67 (f).
M. r. Levi, 1985: 486, f. 183-187 (f, S).
mf saccata (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Honduras to Brazil
Acrosoma saccatum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 59, f. 212 (Df).
Plectana s. Walckenaer, 1842: 191.
M. imbellis Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 916 (Df).
M. s. Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. imbellis Simon, 1897b: 469 (Df).
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 123, pl. 3, f. 22 (f).
M. retracta Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 57, pl. 14, f. 131 (Df).
Thaumastobella mourei Mello-Leitão, 1945a: 263, f. 1-3 (Df).
M. timida Caporiacco, 1947a: 26 (Dj).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 490, f. 189-191, 207-217 (mf, S).
M. s. Scharff, 1991: 155 (S).
mf sagittata (Walckenaer, 1842)....................North, Central America
Plectana s. Walckenaer, 1842: 174 (Df).
Epeira spinea Hentz, 1850: 21, pl. 3, f. 9 (Df).
Acrosoma bovinum Thorell, 1859: 301 (Df).
Acrosoma sagittatum Butler, 1873b: 424.
Acrosoma spineum Emerton, 1884: 326, pl. 38, f. 5-8 (f, Dm).
Acrosoma s. McCook, 1894: 214, pl. 21, f. 8-9 (mf).
Acrosoma spineum Emerton, 1902: 189, f. 437, 440-442 (mf).
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 536, pl. 20-21 (mf).
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 140, pl. 9, f. 29 (mf).
M. s. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 259, f. 111-114 (mf).
M. s. Kaston, 1948: 219, f. 690-693 (m).
M. comstocki Archer, 1951a: 10, f. 15-17 (Dmf).
M. sagittata emertoni Archer, 1951a: 10, f. 18, 22 (Dmf).
M. s. Archer, 1951a: 10, f. 19-21 (mf).
M. s. Chickering, 1961: 449, f. 150-156 (mf).
M. s. Wiehle, 1967b: 193, f. 37 (f).
M. s. Levi, 1978a: 430, f. 41-54 (mf, S).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 559, f. 582-588 (mf).
M. s. Breene et al., 1993: 100, f. 145A-C (mf).
mf schenkeli Mello-Leitão, 1939....................Trinidad to Paraguay
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 71, f. 51-53 (Df).
M. gamma Caporiacco, 1947a: 26 (Dm).
M. gamma Caporiacco, 1948a: 669, f. 82 (m).
M. browningi Chickering, 1960d: 70, f. 15-20 (Dm).
M. gentilicia Chickering, 1964a: 259, f. 17-22 (Df).
M. praeterita Chickering, 1964a: 274, f. 57-63 (Df).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 539, f. 480-489 (f, Sm).
mf schreibersi (Perty, 1833)....................Nicaragua to Brazil
Acrosoma schreibersii Perty, 1833: 194, pl. 38, f. 9 (Df).
Acrosoma spinosum C. L. Koch, 1836a: 56, f. 210 (Df).
Plectana macrocantha Walckenaer, 1842: 183 (Df).
Plectana duplicata Walckenaer, 1842: 194 (Df).
Plectana vespoides Walckenaer, 1842: 196 (Df).
Acrosoma macracanthum Butler, 1873b: 420.
Acrosoma vespoides Butler, 1873b: 422.
Acrosoma duplicatum Butler, 1873b: 426.
Acrosoma macrocantha Taczanowski, 1873: 269.
Acrosoma tenuis Taczanowski, 1873: 276, pl. 6, f. 27 (Df).
Acrosoma subtilis Taczanowski, 1873: 279, pl. 6, f. 29 (Df).
Acrosoma myrmeciaeformis Taczanowski, 1873: 280, pl. 6, f. 30 (Df).
M. s. Simon, 1895a: 848, f. 895 (f).
M. tenuis Simon, 1895a: 860.
M. subtilis Simon, 1895a: 861.
Ildibaha myrmeciaeformis Simon, 1895a: 862.
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 536, pl. 51, f. 19 (f).
M. duplicata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 369.
M. vespoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 380.
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 137, pl. 9, f. 27 (f).
M. coleophora Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 56, pl. 16, f. 136 (Dm).
M. lesserti Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 69, f. 48-50 (Df).
Ildibaha subtilis Mello-Leitão, 1949: 8 (Tf from Micrathena).
M. s. Chickering, 1961: 452, f. 157-168 (f, Sm).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 554, f. 9, 564-572 (mf, S).
mf sexspinosa (Hahn, 1822)....................Mexico to Brazil
Epeira s. Hahn, 1822: 2, pl. 11, f. B (Df).
Acrosoma s. Hahn, 1834: 18, f. 107 (f; N.B.: furcata in legend).
Acrosoma militare C. L. Koch, 1837a: 12, f. 258 (Df).
Plectana squamosa Walckenaer, 1842: 185 (Df).
Acrosoma obtusospinum Keyserling, 1864: 76, pl. 2, f. 9 (Df).
Acrosoma petersii Taczanowski, 1873: 277, pl. 6, f. 28 (Dmf).
Keyserlingia cornigera O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 58, pl. 4, f. 2 (Dm).
Acrosoma calcaratum O. P.-Cambridge, 1890a: 62, pl. 8, f. 8 (Dm).
Acrosoma petersi Keyserling, 1892: 9, pl. 1, f. 6 (f).
Acrosoma calcaratum Keyserling, 1892: 11, pl. 1, f. 8 (m).
Acrosoma obtusispinum Keyserling, 1892: 23, pl. 1, f. 20 (f).
M. s. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 908 (f).
M. obtusospina F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 531, pl. 50, f. 9 (f).
M. cornigera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 532, pl. 50, f. 10 (m).
M. petersi F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 539.
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 126, pl. 8, f. 23 (f).
M. s. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 258, f. 109-110 (f).
M. s. Chickering, 1961: 456, f. 174-180 (mf, S).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 584, f. 712-719, 721, 726, 730-731 (mf, S).
f shealsi Chickering, 1960....................Argentina
M. s. Chickering, 1960b: 8, f. 13-17 (Df).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 458, f. 74-78 (f).
f similis Bryant, 1945....................Hispaniola
M. s. Bryant, 1945a: 415, f. 8, 43-44 (Df).
M. s. Chickering, 1964a: 279, f. 68-71 (f).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 494, f. 225-229 (f).
f soaresi Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. s. Levi, 1985: 581, f. 691-695, 724 (Df).
mf spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758)....................Surinam to Brazil
Aranea s. Linnaeus, 1758: 624 (Df).
Aranea s. Fabricius, 1775: 435 (D).
Aranea aculeata Fabricius, 1775: 435 (Df).
Aranea elongato-spinosa De Geer, 1778: 323, pl. 39, f. 11-12 (Df).
Aranea s. Olivier, 1789: 205 (D).
Epeira aculeata Latreille, 1806: 103.
Plectana s. Walckenaer, 1842: 172.
Plectana aculeata Walckenaer, 1842: 180.
Acrosoma s. Taczanowski, 1873: 264.
Acrosoma aculeatum Butler, 1873b: 421.
M. perlata Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 905 (Df).
M. perlata Simon, 1897b: 467 (Df).
M. aculeata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 364.
M. s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 379.
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 72, f. 54-55 (f).
M. multituberculata Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Df).
M. multituberculata Caporiacco, 1948a: 665, f. 75-78 (f).
M. hamata Chickering, 1960b: 3, f. 4-7 (Dm).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 581, f. 696-703, 720, 728 (f, Sm).
f spinulata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 530, pl. 50, f. 7 (Df).
M. s. Chickering, 1961: 459, f. 181-184 (f).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 592, f. 751-755 (f).
mf spitzi Mello-Leitão, 1932....................Brazil, Argentina
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1932a: 79, f. 2 (Df).
Ildibaha acanthomasta Mello-Leitão, 1945a: 264, f. 4-6 (Df).
Ildibaha misionesica Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 238, f. 12-13 (Df).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 550, f. 543-550 (f, Dm).
f striata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico, Guatemala
M. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 530, pl. 50, f. 6 (Df).
M. s. Chickering, 1961: 460, f. 185-188 (f).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 591, f. 741-745 (f).
mf stuebeli (Karsch, 1886)....................Colombia, Ecuador
Acrosoma stübeli Karsch, 1886f: 340 (Df).
M. spathulifera Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 912 (Df).
M. s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 379.
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 118, pl. 6, f. 17 (f).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 504, f. 276-282 (f, Dm).
mf swainsoni (Perty, 1833)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Acrosoma swainsonii Perty, 1833: 194, pl. 38, f. 10 (Df).
Acrosoma s. C. L. Koch, 1839a: 121, f. 519 (f).
M. prudens Simon, 1895a: 860 (Df).
M. s. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 379.
M. s. Reimoser, 1917: 99, pl. 3, f. 6 (f, Dm).
M. paraguayensis Mello-Leitão, 1931c: 95 (Df).
M. silvicola Badcock, 1932: 24, f. 19 (Dmf).
M. s. Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 39 (S).
M. s. Chickering, 1960d: 87, f. 83-90 (mf).
M. s. Levi, 1985: 571, f. 638-645 (mf).
f teresopolis Levi, 1985....................Brazil
M. t. Levi, 1985: 456, f. 61-65 (Df).
mf triangularis (C. L. Koch, 1836)....................Trinidad to Brazil
Acrosoma triangulare C. L. Koch, 1836a: 78, f. 226 (Df).
Plectana t. Walckenaer, 1842: 188.
Acrosoma pilosa Taczanowski, 1873: 271, pl. 5, f. 23 (Df).
Acrosoma sordida Taczanowski, 1873: 273, pl. 6, f. 25 (Df).
Acrosoma gibbosa Taczanowski, 1879: 113, pl. 1, f. 30 (f).
M. t. Simon, 1895a: 854, f. 913 (f).
M. gibbosa Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. sordida Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. pilosa Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. sordida Petrunkevitch, 1910: 214, pl. 21, f. 14-15 (f).
M. sordida Reimoser, 1917: 105, pl. 5, f. 8 (f).
M. t. Reimoser, 1917: 107, pl. 5, f. 10 (f).
Acrosoma ruschii Mello-Leitão, 1945a: 266, f. 7-9 (Df).
M. gertschi Chickering, 1964a: 261, f. 23-29 (Dm).
M. ruschi Brignoli, 1983c: 249.
M. t. Levi, 1985: 512, f. 326-336 (f, Sm).
mf triangularispinosa (De Geer, 1778)....................Trinidad to Bolivia
Aranea t. De Geer, 1778: 321, pl. 39, f. 9-10 (Df).
Acrosoma rufa Taczanowski, 1873: 265, pl. 5, f. 20 (Df).
Acrosoma acutoides Taczanowski, 1879: 114, pl. 1, f. 31 (Df).
M. acutoides Simon, 1895a: 861.
M. mathani Simon, 1897b: 468 (Df).
M. rufa Petrunkevitch, 1911: 377.
M. dahli Reimoser, 1917: 150, pl. 9, f. 32 (Df).
M. perlata Chickering, 1960c: 3, f. 7-8 (m, misidentified).
M. munsonae Archer, 1971: 158, f. 8 (Df).
M. t. Levi, 1985: 537, f. 471-479 (f removed from S of M. spinosa, m was previously mismatched with M. perlata, S).
mf triserrata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Belize
M. t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 534, pl. 50, f. 17 (Df).
M. t. Chickering, 1961: 464, f. 198-201 (f).
M. t. Levi, 1985: 520, f. 376-385 (f, Dm).
mf tziscao Levi, 1985....................Mexico
M. t. Levi, 1985: 526, f. 410-417 (Dmf).
mf ucayali Levi, 1985....................Peru, Brazil
M. u. Levi, 1985: 540, f. 490-497 (Dmf).
mf vigorsi (Perty, 1833)....................Colombia to Brazil
Acrosoma vigorsii Perty, 1833: 194, pl. 38, f. 8 (Df).
Acrosoma v. C. L. Koch, 1839a: 123, f. 520 (f).
Plectana v. Walckenaer, 1842: 186.
Acrosoma defensum Butler, 1873b: 420 (Df).
Ildibaha mutilloides Simon, 1895a: 850, f. 899-900 (Dmf).
M. v. Simon, 1895a: 852, f. 901 (f).
Ildibaha mutilloides Simon, 1897b: 471 (Dmf).
M. v. Petrunkevitch, 1910: 214, pl. 21, f. 16-19 (f).
M. defensa Petrunkevitch, 1911: 368.
M. v. Reimoser, 1917: 132, pl. 8, f. 24 (f).
M. v. Levi, 1985: 557, f. 573-581 (f, Sm).
f zilchi Kraus, 1955....................Mexico to El Salvador
M. z. Kraus, 1955b: 29, f. 76-78 (Df).
M. z. Chickering, 1961: 468, f. 211-213 (f).
M. z. Levi, 1985: 472, f. 110-114 (f).
f albomaculata Schenkel, 1953 *....................Venezuela
M. a. Schenkel, 1953a: 27, f. 24a-c (Df).
M. a. Levi, 1995b: 200, f. 200-204 (f).
mf fowleri Levi, 1995....................Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
M. f. Levi, 1995b: 194, f. 162-170 (Dmf).
mf hoeferi Levi, 1995....................Peru, Brazil, French Guiana
M. h. Levi, 1995b: 196, f. 171-181 (Dmf).
f pachitea Levi, 1995....................Peru
M. p. Levi, 1995b: 198, f. 187-191 (Df).
f smithae Levi, 1995....................Surinam
M. s. Levi, 1995b: 198, f. 192-195 (Df).
f tubulofaciens (Hingston, 1932)....................Guyana, French Guiana
Epeira t. Hingston, 1932: 366 (Df).
Epeirella t. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 164 (Tf from Araneus).
S. t. Quintero, 1974: 311, f. 1-5 (Tf from Epeirella).
M. t. Levi, 1995b: 197, f. 182-186 (Tf from Spilasma).
f velso Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica
M. v. Levi, 1995b: 198, f. 196-199 (Df).
f brevipes Thorell, 1890 *....................Sumatra
M. b. Thorell, 1890a: 180 (Df).
m hexastigma (Hasselt, 1882)....................Sumatra
Epeira h. Hasselt, 1882: 23 (Dm).
M. h. Thorell, 1892c: 461.
f obtusa Thorell, 1892....................Singapore
M. o. Thorell, 1892a: 248 (Df).
M. o. Workman, 1896: 51, pl. 51 (f).
f singaeformis (Hasselt, 1882)....................Sumatra
Epeira s. Hasselt, 1882: 23, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
M. singiformis Thorell, 1892c: 461.
j tomosceles Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
M. t. Thorell, 1895: 199 (Dj).
m trifasciata Thorell, 1890....................Java, Borneo
M. t. Thorell, 1890a: 183 (Dm).
Transferred to other genera:
M. setosa Mello-Leitão, 1948 -- see Parawixia.
In synonymy:
M. flaviventris (Nicolet, 1849, T from Araneus) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1963: 107, sub Araneus).
M. globigera (Hogg, 1913, T from Araneus) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1974: 86, sub Araneus).
M. molinai Mello-Leitão, 1940 (T from Araneus) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1963: 107, sub Araneus; Archer, 1963: 25, sub Parawixia wagenknechti).
M. quadrimaculosa (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Archer, 1963: 25, sub Parawixia flaviventris).
M. vallentini (Hogg, 1913, T from Araneus) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1974: 86, sub Araneus).
M. wagenknechti (Mello-Leitão, 1940, T from Eriophora) = M. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1963: 107, sub Araneus).
f albisecta (Mello-Leitão, 1936)....................Chile
Araneus albisectus Mello-Leitão, 1936d: 127, pl. 15 (Df).
M. a. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Araneus).
f aysenensis (Tullgren, 1902)....................Chile
Araneus a. Tullgren, 1902: 32, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
Parawixia a. Archer, 1963: 25 (Tf from Araneus).
M. a. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Parawixia).
f chilensis (Nicolet, 1849)....................Chile
Epeira c. Nicolet, 1849: 487 (Df).
Araneus c. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
Metepeira c. Archer, 1963: 26 (Tf from Araneus).
M. c. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Metepeira).
mf cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) *....................Chile, Juan Fernandez Is., Falkland Is.
Epeira c. Nicolet, 1849: 490, pl. 5, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira flaviventris Nicolet, 1849: 494 (Df).
Epeira quadrimaculata Nicolet, 1849: 507 (Df; preoccupied by De Geer, 1778 sub Aranea).
Epeira flaviventris Simon, 1884l: 121, pl. 3, f. 2-4 (f).
Epeira flaviventris Simon, 1887h: E10, pl. 2, f. 2 (f).
Araneus flaviventris Simon, 1901b: 19.
Araneus cinnaberinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
Araneus quadrimaculatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 311.
Araneus vallentini Hogg, 1913: 37, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df).
Araneus globiger Hogg, 1913: 39, pl. 1, f. 4 (Dm).
Eriophora wagenknechti Mello-Leitão, 1940g: 236, f. 24a-b (Df).
M. molinai Mello-Leitão, 1940g: 238, f. 25a-b (Dm).
Aranea quadrimaculosa Roewer, 1942a: 850 (replacement name for Epeira quadrimaculata Nicolet).
Araneus cinnabarinus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1963: 107 (Sm).
Parawixia cinnaberina Archer, 1963: 24 (Tf from Araneus).
Parawixia wagenknechti Archer, 1963: 25 (Tf from Eriophora, S).
Parawixia flaviventris Archer, 1963: 25 (Tf from Araneus).
Araneus cinnabarinus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1974: 86, f. 43-46 (mf, S).
M. c. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Parawixia).
mf cinaberina tigrina (Archer, 1963)....................Chile
Parawixia cinnaberina tigrina Archer, 1963: 24 (Dmf).
f clymene (Nicolet, 1849)....................Chile
Epeira clymene Nicolet, 1849: 503 (Df).
Epeira thalia Nicolet, 1849: 503 (Df).
Epeira inflata Nicolet, 1849: 504 (Df).
Epeira erudita Nicolet, 1849: 505 (Df).
Epeira hispida Nicolet, 1849: 505 (Df).
Araneus clymene Simon, 1895a: 802.
Parawixia c. Archer, 1963: 23 (Tf from Araneus).
M. c. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Parawixia).
f clymene nigrata (Nicolet, 1849)....................Chile
Epeira n. Nicolet, 1849: 504 (Df).
Parawixia c. n. Archer, 1963: 24 (placed as subspecies).
f mammifera (Tullgren, 1902)....................Chile
Araneus mammiferus Tullgren, 1902: 34, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
Lariniacantha m. Archer, 1963: 26 (Tf from Araneus).
M. m. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Lariniacantha =Alpaida).
j patagonica (Tullgren, 1901)....................Argentina
Araneus patagonicus Tullgren, 1901b: 218 (Dj).
M. p. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tj from Araneus).
f phaetontis (Simon, 1896)....................Chile
Araneus p. Simon, 1896e: 67 (Df).
M. p. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
f surculorum (Simon, 1896)....................Chile
Araneus s. Simon, 1896e: 67 (Df).
M. s. Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
m roseus MeIlo-Leitão, 1945 *....................Argentina
¥anduti r. Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 241, f. 18 (Dm).
f caudifer Strand, 1906....................West Africa
N. c. Strand, 1906h: 55 (Df).
m cotti Lessert, 1933....................Mozambique
N. c. Lessert, 1933: 109, f. 24 (Dm).
f elongatus Lawrence, 1947....................South Africa
N. e. Lawrence, 1947: 19, f. 11a-b (Df).
f kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1947....................Uganda
N. k. Caporiacco, 1947d: 161 (Df).
f lateplagiatis Simon, 1907....................Guinea-Bissau
N. l. Simon, 1907d: 287 (Df).
mf laurae (Simon, 1868) *....................Western Mediterranean
Singa l. Simon, 1868a: 452 (Dmf).
Cyclosa l. Simon, 1874a: 44, pl. 1, f. 7 (mf).
N. l. Simon, 1895a: 784.
N. l. Simon, 1929: 711, 769, f. 1112 (mf).
N. l. Morano & Ferrández, 1986: 173, f. 1-4 (mf).
N. l. Wunderlich, 1992a: 86, f. 368 (m).
mf niger Caporiacco, 1936....................Libya
N. n. Caporiacco, 1936a: 101, f. 1 (Dmf).
f obscurus Simon, 1897....................South Africa
N. o. Simon, 1897b: 476 (Df).
f rectifrons Roewer, 1961....................Senegal
N. r. Roewer, 1961b: 55, f. 16a-e (Df).
m semilugens Denis, 1966....................Libya
N. s. Denis, 1966e: 122, f. 32 (Dm).
f tubicola (Simon, 1887)....................South Africa
Cyclosa t. Simon, 1887b: 373, pl. 6, f. 5 (Df).
N. t. Simon, 1910b: 193.
j turricola Berland, 1933....................Mali
N. t. Berland, 1933a: 250, f. 1-4 (Dj).
f vigintipunctatus Simon, 1897....................South Africa
N. v. Simon, 1897b: 475 (Df).
f waterloti Berland, 1920....................Madagascar
N. w. Berland, 1920a: 385, f. 1-5 (Df).
m atra Caporiacco, 1947 *....................Tanzania
N. a. Caporiacco, 1947d: 165, f. 26 (Dm).
m atra bimaculata Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
N. a. b. Caporiacco, 1947d: 166 (Dm).
m strandi Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
N. s. Caporiacco, 1947d: 167, f. 27 (Dm).
mf speechleyi Mascord, 1968 *....................New South Wales
N. s. Mascord, 1968: 10, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
In synonymy:
N. diadema (Hogg, 1920, T from Gea) = N. nocticolor (Thorell, 1887) (Levi, 1983: 331).
N. guttata (Thorell, 1890, T from Gea) = N. nocticolor (Thorell, 1887) (Levi, 1983: 331).
N. lalita (Sherriffs, 1928, T from Argiope) = N. nocticolor (Thorell, 1887) (Levi, 1983: 332).
N. lugens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1899, T from Gea) = N. nocticolor (Thorell, 1887) (Levi, 1983: 331).
mf egregia (Kulczyn'ski, 1911) *....................New Guinea
Araneus egregius Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 479, pl. 20, f. 51 (Df).
N. e. Levi, 1983: 331, f. 389-390, 393-397 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
mf nocticolor (Thorell, 1887)....................India to Sumatra
Gea n. Thorell, 1887: 170 (Df).
Gea guttata Thorell, 1890a: 107 (Dj).
Gea lugens O. P.-Cambridge, 1899b: 520, pl. 29, f. 3 (Df).
Gea diadema Hogg, 1919: 92, pl. 9, f. 6 (Df).
Argiope lalita Sherriffs, 1928: 186, f. 3-7 (Dmf).
Argiope lalita Tikader, 1982a: 113, f. 211-214 (f).
N. n. Levi, 1983: 331, f. 391-392, 398-406 (Tf from Gea, Sm).
m yunnanensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. y. Yin et al., 1990: 5, f. 10-13 (Dm).
N. y. Yin et al., 1997: 92, f. 22a-d (m).
N. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 175E-G (m).
Transferred to other genera:
N. chasisa Zhu & Song, 1994 -- see Araneus.
N. elliptica Tikader & Bal, 1981 -- see Araneus.
N. enshiensis Yin & Zhao, 1994 -- see Eriovixia.
N. excelsus (Simon, 1889) -- see Eriovixia.
N. fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Alenatea.
N. griseomaculata Yin & Wang, 1982 -- see Araneus.
N. hainanensis Yin et al., 1990 -- see Eriovixia.
N. laglaizei (Simon, 1877) -- see Eriovixia.
N. menglunensis Yin et al., 1990 -- see Eriovixia.
N. poonaensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 -- see Eriovixia.
N. redempta (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) -- see Ocrepeira.
N. rhinura (Pocock, 1899) -- see Eriovixia.
N. variabilis (Keyserling, 1863) -- see Alpaida.
N. yunnanensis Yin et al., 1990 -- see Eriovixia.
In synonymy:
N. aballensis albozonata (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. aballensis angustifolia (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. aballensis bimaculata (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. aballensis foliata (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. aballensis nigricans (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. aballensis subconcolor (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. accentuata (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = N. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) (Grasshoff, 1986: 42).
N. adiantoides (Taczanowski, 1878, T from Araneus) = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 486).
N. airensis (Denis, 1955, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. albobitriangulosa Caporiacco, 1939 (T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. alternidens (Schenkel, 1936, T from Araneus) = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. amulensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (T from Araneus) = N. orizabensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Berman & Levi, 1971: 484).
N. annulella (Strand, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 398, sub Afraranea).
N. arkansa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 480, sub N. hentzi).
N. artifex (Tullgren, 1910) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1980: 406).
N. bettoni (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. blondeli (Simon, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1986: 36).
N. bioculata (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. blanda (Blackwall, 1865, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. cerviniventris (Simon, 1884, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 397, sub Afraranea).
N. conifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (T from Araneus) = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 488).
N. cooksoni (Butler, 1877, T from Araneus) = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 486, contra Roth & Craig, 1970: 120).
N. crucifera albimaculata (Strand, 1908, T from Araneus) = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Grasshoff, 1986: 62).
N. crucifera ladislausi (Strand, 1908, T from Araneus) = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Grasshoff, 1986: 62).
N. crucifera ochroleucella (Strand, 1908, T from Araneus) = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Grasshoff, 1986: 62).
N. crucifera pyramidella (Strand, 1908, T from Araneus) = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Grasshoff, 1986: 62).
N. cruciferoides (Tullgren, 1910) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 398, sub Afraranea).
N. danensis (Strand, 1906) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. doenitzi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) = N. adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) (Grasshoff, 1986: 118; Yaginuma, 1986c: 199).
N. dripaca Roberts, 1983 = N. angulatula (Schenkel, 1937) (Grasshoff, 1986: 106).
N. edwardiana (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. alberti (Strand, 1913) (Grasshoff, 1986: 51).
N. eximia Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 (T from Araneus) = N. utahana (Chamberlin, 1919) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 485).
N. fernandensis (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. formicae (Tullgren, 1910, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. gerhardti (Caporiacco, 1949, T from Araneus) = N. blondeli (Simon, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1986: 36).
N. gisti (Chamberlin, 1924) = N. scylla (Karsch, 1879) (Song, 1988: 129).
N. granatae (Caporiacco, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. haematocnemis (Pocock, 1899, removed from S of Araneus sanguipes Thorell, 1899) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. haploscapus (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. hentzi (Keyserling, 1864) = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Grasshoff, 1986: 62).
N. hoffmanni (Schenkel, 1937, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. immodesta Caporiacco, 1941 = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Caporiacco, 1949a: 416, sub N. submodesta neumanni).
N. irritans Caporiacco, 1947 = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. jonesi Archer, 1951 = N. utahana (Chamberlin, 1919) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 485).
N. katangae (Giltay, 1935, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. kersteni (Gerstäcker, 1873, removed from S of N. rufipalpis) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 398, sub Afraranea).
N. koratsensis (Dönitz & Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = N. nautica (L. Koch, 1875) (Yaginuma, 1955a: 17).
N. lambarenensis (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. rapta (Thorell, 1899) (Grasshoff, 1986: 100).
N. lanuginosa (Lenz, 1886, T from Araneus) = N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1986: 56).
N. lapillula (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) (Grasshoff, 1986: 42).
N. larbada Roberts, 1983 = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. lativulva Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 488).
N. leimenstolli (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. locuples (Butler, 1879, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. marcuzzii (Caporiacco, 1955, T from Araneus) = N. nautica (L. Koch, 1875) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 498).
N. marshalli (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. melanopa (Gerstäcker, 1873, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. mensamontis (Pocock, 1900, T from Araneus) = N. hirta (C. L. Koch, 1844) (Grasshoff, 1986: 91).
N. mesonauta (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. minima F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (T from Araneus) = N. arabesca (Walckenaer, 1842) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 476).
N. minoriscylla Yin et al., 1990 = N. multiplicans (Chamberlin, 1924) (Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1715).
N. mutilata (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Araneus) = N. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) (Grasshoff, 1986: 42).
N. naiba Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 (T from Araneus) = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Levi, 1973: 478, contra Berman & Levi, 1971: 476).
N. nebraskensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = N. crucifera (Lucas, 1839) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 480, sub N. hentzi).
N. neotheis (Petrunkevitch, 1911) = N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1986: 56).
N. nidicola (Franganillo, 1926) = N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 490, sub N. neotheis).
N. nigrita (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. nigrostriatus (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 398, sub Afraranea).
N. nigrostriatus nigrovittatus (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 398, sub Afraranea).
N. nocturnella (Roewer, 1942, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1980: 397, sub Afraranea).
N. occidanea (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. opima (L. Koch, 1878) = N. punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1967b: 89, sub Araneus lugubris).
N. pachana (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. parascylla (Schenkel, 1963, T from Araneus) = N. punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) (Grasshoff, 1986: 117).
N. parva Schmidt, 1973 = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. perplicata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Levy, 1998a: 336).
N. platyparomma Caporiacco, 1939 (T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. potteri (Simon, 1901, T from Araneus) = N. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) (Grasshoff, 1986: 42).
N. recta (Franganillo, 1930) = N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 491, sub N. neotheis).
N. restiaria (Tullgren, 1910, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. restiaria obscura (Tullgren, 1910, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. rufofemorata (Simon, 1884) = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. salaeria Chamberlin, 1920 (T from Araneus) = N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 488).
N. sanguipes antepicta (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes constrictifascia (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes decoratella (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes indistinctepicta (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes lanceolatella (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes monotonia (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes nigrofoliata (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. sanguipes recurvata (Strand, 1913, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. scylla nigromaculata (Yaginuma, 1941, T from Araneus) = N. scylla (Karsch, 1879) (Nishikawa, 1977c: 32).
N. seca Roberts, 1983 = N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) (Grasshoff, 1986: 56).
N. singularis (Banks, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. arabesca (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1991a: 180).
N. slateri (Butler, 1879, T from Araneus) = N. punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) (Grasshoff, 1980: 403, sub Afraranea).
N. spasskyi (Brignoli, 1983, T from Araneus) = N. tedgenica (Bakhvalov, 1978) (Marusik, Tarabaev & Litovchenko, 1991: 20).
N. spenceri (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. subbituberculata (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) (Grasshoff, 1986: 84).
N. submodesta (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. taruensis (Pocock, 1898, T from Araneus) = N. blondeli (Simon, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1986: 36).
N. temeraria (Tullgren, 1910, T from Araneus) = N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) (Grasshoff, 1986: 95).
N. tristimoniae (Petrunkevitch, 1911, T from Araneus) = N. nautica (L. Koch, 1875) (Berman & Levi, 1971: 498).
N. tuckeri Caporiacco, 1949 = N. alberti (Strand, 1913) (Grasshoff, 1986: 51).
N. tullgreni (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. tullgreni obscuratus (Caporiacco, 1947, T from Araneus) = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. varians (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
N. wiehlei Caporiacco, 1949 = N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Grasshoff, 1986: 15).
N. xizangensis Yin et al., 1990 = N. achine (Simon, 1906) (Yin et al., 1997: 364).
Homonym replaced:
N. nigrita fernandensis (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) -- see N. simoni.
Nomina dubia:
N. benjamina (Walckenaer, 1842: 42, f, USA, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 477.
N. mutabilis (Walckenaer, 1842: 73, f, USA, originally in Epeira, S of N. benjamina per Roewer) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 480.
N. nidificans (Hingston, 1932: 367, f, Guyana, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Mello-Leitão, 1948: 170, f, Guyana) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, 1995b: 209.
N. nigrovariata Mello-Leitão, 1941b: 258 (f, Colombia) -- Levi, 1993a: 224.
N. parallela Franganillo, 1931: 44 (f, Cuba) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 491.
N. rubicunda (Walckenaer, 1842: 43, f, USA, originally in Epeira, omitted by Roewer) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 480.
N. sacra (Walckenaer, 1842: 33, mf, USA, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 482.
N. vulgaris (Hentz, 1847: 469, pl. 30, f. 6, f, USA, originally in Epeira, removed from S of Araneus oviger) -- Berman & Levi, 1971: 498.
mf achine (Simon, 1906)....................India, China
Araneus a. Simon, 1906c: 309 (Df).
N. a. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 39, f. 85-90 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. a. Tikader, 1982a: 278, f. 555-560 (mf).
N. a. Hu & Li, 1987a: 330, f. 12.1-4, 13.1-2 (mf).
N. xizangensis Yin et al., 1990: 131, f. 325-331 (Dmf).
N. a. Yin et al., 1997: 364, f. 259a-i (mf, S).
N. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 175H-J, 178N, 180D (mf).
mf adianta (Walckenaer, 1802)....................Palearctic
Aranea a. Walckenaer, 1802: 199 (D).
Aranea marmorea Panzer, 1804: 243, pl. 19, f. 12 (misidentified).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1805: 60.
Epeira segmentata Sundevall, 1833a: 247 (Dmf).
Miranda pictilis C. L. Koch, 1837b: 4 (D).
Miranda pictilis C. L. Koch, 1838: 50, f. 369 (Df).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 52 (Df).
Epeira a. Westring, 1861: 51 (Dm).
Epeira a. Blackwall, 1864a: 348, pl. 25, f. 251 (mf).
Miranda a. Menge, 1866: 69, pl. 11, f. 15 (mf).
Epeira a. Thorell, 1870a: 23.
Epeira byzanthina Pavesi, 1876b: 12 (Df).
Epeira turcica Simon, 1879c: 36 (Df).
Epeira mimula L. Koch, 1882: 625, pl. 20, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira a. Becker, 1896: 38, pl. 9, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira a. Bösenberg, 1901: 32, pl. 2, f. 17 (mf).
Meta doenitzi Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 180, pl. 11, f. 238-239 (Dmf).
Aranea a. japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 219, pl. 4, f. 27 (Df).
Aranea doenitzi Strand, 1907k: 182.
Araneus adiantus Lessert, 1910b: 331.
Epeira triangulata Franganillo, 1913: 127 (Df).
Epeira triangulata Franganillo, 1918a: 63 (Dm).
Araneus a. Simon, 1929: 693, 762, f. 1072-1073 (mf).
Aranea a. Wiehle, 1931: 103, f. 156-160 (mf).
Meta doenitzi Saito, 1933b: 49, pl. 3, f. 15.
Meta doenitzi Nakatsudi, 1942a: 307, f. 28 (f).
Aranea a. Drensky, 1943: 244, f. 24 (mf).
N. a. Archer, 1951c: 4, f. 5 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus adiantus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 141, f. 93D-F (mf).
N. a. Yaginuma, 1955a: 18, pl. I, f. 2 (f).
N. doenitzi Yaginuma, 1955a: 18, pl. I, f. 1, 18 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus adiantus Saito, 1959: 85, f. 88a-d (f).
N. doenitzi Yaginuma, 1960: 56, f. 52.2 (mf).
N. doenitzi Lee, 1966: 42, f. 12c-e (mf).
Araneus adiantus Azheganova, 1968: 74, f. 146, 167 (mf).
Araneus adiantum Miller, 1971: 211, pl. XXXIX, f. 18-19 (m).
N. doenitzi Yaginuma, 1971: 56, f. 52.1 (mf).
N. a. Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 53 (f).
Araneus adiantus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 594 (f).
Araneus adiantum Loksa, 1972: 84, f. 75, 76A-C (mf).
Araneus adiantus Izmailova, 1972c: 52, f. 4 (f).
Araneus adiantus Bakhvalov, 1974: 111, f. 81-85 (mf).
N. a. Punda, 1975b: 44, f. 71-72 (f).
N. doenitzi Yin, 1978: 4, f. 11A-D (mf).
N. adiantum Yin, 1978: 6, f. 14A-E (mf).
N. adiantum Paik & Namkung, 1979: 46, f. 28 (f).
N. doenitzi Paik & Namkung, 1979: 46, f. 29.1-2 (mf).
N. doenitzi Song, 1980: 102, f. 48a-d (mf).
N. adiantum Song, 1980: 106, f. 51a-e (mf).
N. byzantina Ledoux & Canard, 1981: 12, f. 28 (m).
Araneus a. japonica Oliger, 1981: 3, f. 1 (f).
N. doenitzi Oliger, 1981: 6, f. 9-11 (mf).
N. adiantum Hu, 1984: 120, f. 120.1-2 (f).
N. a. Roberts, 1985: 214, f. 96b (mf).
N. adiantum Guo, 1985: 67, f. 2-20.1-3 (mf).
N. a. Zhu et al., 1985: 79, f. 67a-h (mf).
N. doenitzi Yaginuma, 1986a: 103, f. 55.3 (f).
N. adiantum Grasshoff, 1986: 66, f. 85-89 (mf, S).
N. adiantum Yaginuma, 1986c: 190, 199 (S).
N. adiantum Zhang, 1987: 82, f. 66.1-4 (mf).
N. a. Chikuni, 1989b: 72, f. 31 (mf).
N. adiantum Feng, 1990: 88, f. 63.1-4 (mf).
N. adiantum Chen & Gao, 1990: 64, f. 79a-b (mf).
N. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 88, f. 198 (mf).
N. a. Zhao, 1993: 240, f. 113a-d (mf).
N. a. Roberts, 1995: 324, f. (mf).
Araneus adiantus Mcheidze, 1997: 272, f. 633-634 (mf).
N. a. Yin & Kim, 1997: 58, f. 2A-G (mf).
N. a. Yin et al., 1997: 345, f. 243a-g (mf).
N. a. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1714, f. 15a-c (mf).
N. a. Levy, 1998a: 339, f. 108-116 (mf).
N. a. Kim, 1998a: 1, f. 1A-G (mf).
N. a. Roberts, 1998: 337, f. (mf).
N. a. Tanikawa, 1998b: 140, f. 9, 18-24 (mf).
N. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 293, f. 175K-L, 178O (mf).
f adianta persecta (Schenkel, 1936)....................China
Araneus doenitzi persectus Schenkel, 1936b: 110, f. 39 (Df).
mf alberti (Strand, 1913)....................Central, Southern Africa
Aranea a. Strand, 1913a: 375 (Df).
Aranea edwardiana Strand, 1913a: 377 (Df).
N. tuckeri Caporiacco, 1949a: 416, f. 59a-b (Df).
N. a. Caporiacco, 1949a: 416 (Tf from Araneus).
N. a. Grasshoff, 1986: 51, f. 64-70 (f, Dm, S).
mf amamiensis Tanikawa, 1998....................Japan
N. a. Tanikawa, 1998b: 142, f. 10, 25-31 (Dmf).
mf angulatula (Schenkel, 1937)....................Madagascar, Aldabra, Kenya
Araneus angulatulus Schenkel, 1937: 383, f. 4 (Df).
N. dripaca Roberts, 1983: 275, f. 199-201, 211-212 (Dm).
N. a. Grasshoff, 1986: 106, f. 153-159 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf arabesca (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................North, Central America, West Indies
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 74 (Dmf).
Epeira trivittata Keyserling, 1864: 95, pl. 5, f. 6-9 (Df).
Epeira trivittata Emerton, 1884: 311, pl. 33, f. 16, pl. 36, f. 2-3, 5, 8 (f, Dm).
Epeira trivittata Keyserling, 1892: 172, pl. 8, f. 127 (f).
Epeira a. McCook, 1894: 148, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2, f. 6-7 (mf).
Epeira singularis Banks, 1898b: 252, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira trivittata Emerton, 1902: 166, f. 393-395 (mf).
N. minima F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 471, pl. 44, f. 11,-2 (Dmf).
N. a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 472, pl. 44, f. 13-14 (mf).
Epeira minima Banks, 1909a: 211.
Araneus a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 279.
Araneus minimus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
Araneus singularis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 316.
N. minima Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 20, f. 30.
N. a. Comstock, 1940: 510, f. 527 (f).
N. a. Muma, 1943: 97, pl. XIV, f. 2-3 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. a. Kaston, 1948: 245, f. 750, 771-773, 775 (f).
N. minima Kaston, 1948: 245, f. 751, 776 (f).
N. a. Berman & Levi, 1971: 474, f. 1-3, 5-6, 8, 10, 14-42, 125-126 (mf, S).
N. minima Barrion et al., 1988: 250, f. 3, 4a-f (f, probably misidentified).
N. a. Barrion et al., 1988: 389, f. 1a-g, 9a (f, probably misidentified).
N. minima Barrion et al., 1988: 392, f. 2a-g, 9b (f, probably misidentified).
N. a. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 65 (m).
N. a. Levi, 1991a: 180 (S).
N. a. Levi, 1993a: 230, f. 14-17 (mf).
N. a. Breene et al., 1993: 106, f. 164A-C (mf).
f bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................India
N. b. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 15, f. 22-25 (Df).
N. b. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 24, f. 25-27 (f).
N. b. Tikader, 1982a: 246, f. 474-477 (f).
mf bihumpi Patel, 1988....................India
N. b. Patel, 1988a: 1029, f. 1a-f (Dmf).
mf blondeli (Simon, 1885)....................Africa
Epeira b. Simon, 1885d: 369 (Df).
Araneus bettoni Pocock, 1898g: 510, pl. 41, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus taruensis Pocock, 1898g: 511, pl. 41, f. 5, pl. 42, f. 1 (Df).
Araneus b. Simon, 1907d: 290, f. 1B (f).
Araneus gerhardti Caporiacco, 1949a: 420, f. 60a-b (Dm).
N. b. Grasshoff, 1986: 36, f. 7-8, 44-54 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
mf bucheti (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo
Araneus b. Lessert, 1930: 650, f. 23-25 (Dmf).
Afraranea b. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tmf from Araneus).
m bucheti avakubiensis (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo
Araneus b. a. Lessert, 1930: 652 (Dm).
f bucheti flexuosa (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo
Araneus b. f. Lessert, 1930: 652 (Df).
mf cereolella (Strand, 1907)....................Congo, East Africa, Madagascar
Aranea c. Strand, 1907d: 732 (Dmf).
Aranea c. Strand, 1907o: 54 (Dmf).
Aranea c. Tullgren, 1910: 163, pl. 4, f. 110 (mf).
Araneus cereolellus Lessert, 1930: 647, f. 21 (mf).
Afraranea c. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf cereolella setaceola (Strand, 1913_....................Central Africa
Aranea c. s. Strand, 1913a: 373 (Df).
Araneus cereolellus s. Lessert, 1930: 640, f. 22 (f, Dm).
f cheesmanae (Berland, 1938)....................New Hebrides
Araneus cheesmannae Berland, 1938: 175, f. 133-136 (Df; patronym for Ms. Cheesman).
Afraranea c. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tf from Araneus).
mf chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883)....................West, Central, East Africa
Epeira c. Pavesi, 1883: 14 (Df).
Aranea accentuata Thorell, 1899: 53 (Df).
Araneus potteri Simon, 1901d: 19 (Df).
Araneus lapillulus Simon, 1907d: 292, f. 1D (Df).
Araneus potteri Lessert, 1915a: 31, pl. 2, f. 48-49, 56-58 (Dm).
Araneus mutilatus Caporiacco, 1947d: 172, f. 29 (Dm).
N. c. Grasshoff, 1986: 42, f. 55-59 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
f chrysanthusi Tikader & Bal, 1981....................Bhutan
N. c. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 13, f. 18-21 (Df).
N. c. Tikader, 1982a: 244, f. 470-473 (f).
mf crucifera (Lucas, 1839)....................North America, Canary Is., Madeira
Epeira c. Lucas, 1838: 42, pl. 6, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira lentiginosa Blackwall, 1862a: 378 (Df).
Epeira hentzii Keyserling, 1864: 97, pl. 5, f. 10-11 (Df).
Epeira c. Kulczyn'ski, 1899: 394, pl. 8, f. 88-97 (f, Dm).
Aranea c. albimaculata Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
Aranea c. ladislausi Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
Aranea c. ochroleucella Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
Aranea c. pyramidella Strand, 1908c: 3 (Df).
N. benjamina Comstock, 1940: 511, f. 534 (f).
N. arkansa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 77, f. 217-218 (Df).
N. nebraskensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 77, f. 219-220 (Df).
N. sacra Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 108 (Tmf from Araneus, S, rejected).
N. benjamina Kaston, 1948: 246, f. 752, 777-778 (f).
N. hentzi Berman & Levi, 1971: 478, f. 51-58, 128 (mf, removed from S of N. benjamina, S).
N. hentzi Kaston, 1977: 30, f. 22 (m).
N. c. Grasshoff, 1986: 62, f. 79-84 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
f dhruvai Patel & Nigam, 1994....................India
N. d. Patel & Nigam, 1994: 203, f. 2a-e (Df).
mf dhumani Patel & Reddy, 1993....................India
N. d. Patel & Reddy, 1993a: 3, f. 2a-h (Dmf).
mf domiciliorum (Hentz, 1847)....................USA
Epeira d. Hentz, 1847: 469, pl. 30, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira d. McCook, 1881: 173, f. 13 (f).
Epeira d. Emerton, 1884: 312, pl. 33, f. 17, pl. 36, f. 1, 4 (f, Dm).
Epeira benjamini Keyserling, 1892: 134, pl. 7, f. 100 (f).
Epeira benjamina McCook, 1894: 147, pl. 1, f. 7, pl. 2, f. 4-5 (mf).
N. benjamina F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 479, pl. 44, f. 9-10 (mf).
Araneus benjaminus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282.
N. d. Archer, 1940: 48, pl. II, f. 2 (f, removed from S of N. benjamina).
N. benjamina Muma, 1943: 98, pl. XIV, f. 4-5 (f).
N. d. Berman & Levi, 1971: 477, f. 43-50, 127 (mf).
N. d. Kaston, 1977: 30, f. 21 (m).
m dostinikea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
N. d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 618, f. 389a-g (Dm).
mf hirta (C. L. Koch, 1844)....................Central, Southern Africa
Epeira hirta C. L. Koch, 1844: 69, f. 888 (Df).
Aranea hirta Strand, 1913a: 371.
Araneus mensamontis Pocock, 1900e: 324 (Df).
Aranea mensamontis Strand, 1907n: 623.
N. h. Grasshoff, 1986: 91, f. 136-140 (Tf from Araneus, Dm, S).
mf holmi (Schenkel, 1953)....................China, Korea
Araneus h. Schenkel, 1953b: 45, f. 21a-f (Dm).
N. adiantum Song, Yu & Shang, 1981: 83, f. 5-6 (m, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Wang, 1981: 96, f. 37A-B (m, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Hu, 1984: 121, f. 121.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Guo, 1985: 68, f. 2-21.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Zhu et al., 1985: 80, f. 68a-f (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Song, 1987: 169, f. 130 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Zhang, 1987: 84, f. 68.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Hu & Wu, 1989: 105, f. 80.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Feng, 1990: 89, f. 64.1-5 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Chen & Gao, 1990: 65, f. 80a-b (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Chen & Zhang, 1991: 114, f. 108.1-6 (mf, misidentified).
N. doenitzi Zhao, 1993: 245, f. 115a-c (mf, misidentified).
N. h. Yin & Kim, 1997: 58, f. 2a-g (Tm from Araneus, f had been misidentified as N. doenitzi by Chinese authors).
N. h. Yin et al., 1997: 349, f. 246a-h (mf).
N. doenitzi Kim, 1998a: 1, f. 1a-g (mf).
N. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 175R-T, 178S, 180G (mf).
f jinghongensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. j. Yin et al., 1990: 117, f. 288-290 (Df).
N. j. Yin et al., 1997: 356, f. 252a-f (f).
N. j. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 175U-V, 176A, 180H (f).
mf kisangani Grasshoff, 1986....................Congo
N. k. Grasshoff, 1986: 28, f. 31-35 (Dmf).
mf kivuensis Grasshoff, 1986....................Congo
N. k. Grasshoff, 1986: 109, f. 160-164 (Dmf).
f kunmingensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. k. Yin et al., 1990: 121, f. 295-300 (Df).
N. k. Yin et al., 1997: 365, f. 260a-g (f).
N. k. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 176B-D, 180I (f).
f lactea (Saito, 1933)....................Taiwan
Araneus lacteus Saito, 1933b: 55, pl. 3, f. 30 (Df).
Araneus lacteus Lee, 1966: 39, f. 10e-g (f).
Araneus lacteus Yoshida, 1978b: 10, f. 28-30 (f).
Araneus lacteus Hu, 1984: 94, f. 87 (f).
N. lacteus Yin et al., 1997: 357, f. 253a-c (Tf from Araneus).
N. lacteus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 176E-G (f).
f leucaspis (Schenkel, 1963)....................China
Araneus l. Schenkel, 1963: 159, f. 94a-d (Df).
N. l. Yin et al., 1997: 358, f. 254a-d (Tf from Araneus).
N. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 176H, 180J (f).
mf maculaticeps (L. Koch, 1871)....................Japan, Samoa
Epeira m. L. Koch, 1871: 78, pl. 5, f. 5 (Dm).
Epeira bertkaui Keyserling, 1890: 233, pl. 21, f. 1 (Df).
Araneus m. Berland, 1929b: 63, f. 52-53 (mf).
Araneus bertkaui Saito, 1933b: 53, pl. 3, f. 13.
Afraranea m. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf marcanoi Levi, 1993....................Hispaniola
N. m. Levi, 1993a: 226, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
mf melloteei (Simon, 1895)....................China, Taiwan, Japan
Araneus mellotteei Simon, 1895a: 812 (Df; patronym for Mellotée).
Aranea m. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 218, pl. 11, f. 223 (f, Dm).
Araneus m. Saito, 1933b: 55, pl. 3, f. 37.
Araneus m. Yaginuma, 1940: 123, f. 2.1-4 (f).
N. m. Yaginuma, 1955a: 19, pl. I, f. 11, 17 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. m. Yaginuma, 1960: 57, f. 53 (f).
N. m. Lee, 1966: 41, f. 11i-j (f).
N. m. Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 53 (f).
N. m. Matsumoto, 1973b: 41, f. 11, 13 (f).
N. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 103, f. 55.2 (f).
N. m. Song, 1987: 172, f. 132 (f).
N. m. Zhang, 1987: 86, f. 70.1-2 (f).
N. mellotteei Chikuni, 1989b: 73, f. 35 (mf).
N. mellotteei Feng, 1990: 91, f. 66.1-4 (mf).
N. mellotteei Chen & Gao, 1990: 66, f. 82a-b (mf).
N. mellotteei Zhao, 1993: 254, f. 117a-b (mf).
N. mellotteei Yin et al., 1997: 366, f. 261a-f (mf).
N. mellotteei Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1715, f. 16a-b (m).
N. mellotteei Tanikawa, 1998b: 151, f. 37, 54-61 (mf).
N. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 176I-J, 179A (mf).
mf menghaiensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. m. Yin et al., 1990: 119, f. 291-294 (Df).
N. m. Yin et al., 1997: 358, f. 255a-h (f, Dm).
N. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 299, f. 176K-M, 179B, 180K (mf).
mf modesta (Simon, 1890)....................Yemen
Epeira m. Simon, 1890a: 104 (Dmf, preoccupied).
Aranea modestella Strand, 1907m: 422 (replacement name).
N. m. Levy, 1998a: 338 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf molemensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................Bangladesh, India to Philippines, Indonesia
N. m. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 22, f. 40-44 (Dmf).
N. m. Tikader, 1982a: 257, f. 510-514 (mf).
N. m. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 627, f. 396a-e (f).
mf moreli (Vinson, 1863)....................Cuba to Argentina, Africa to Seychelles
Epeira morelii Vinson, 1863: 166, 309, pl. 4, f. 4 (Dm).
Epeira m. Simon, 1885d: 370 (Df).
Epeira lanuginosa Lenz, 1886: 389 (Df).
Epeira theisii Keyserling, 1893: 246, pl. 12, f. 184 (mf, misidentified).
Epeira theisii McCook, 1894: 166, pl. 6, f. 8-9 (mf, misidentified).
Araneus neotheis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 305 (Dmf).
Cubanella nidicola Franganillo, 1926a: 56, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
Cubanella nidicola Franganillo, 1926c: 15, f. 5-7 (m).
Cubanella recta Franganillo, 1930: 22, f. 8 (Dmf).
N. neotheis Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 324.
N. nidicola Franganillo, 1936c: 76, f. 34 (f).
N. recta Franganillo, 1936c: 77, f. 35-36.
N. neotheis Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 21, f. 31 (f).
N. nidicola Bryant, 1940: 511.
N. neotheis Berman & Levi, 1971: 490, f. 12, 91-100, 130-131 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
N. m. Grasshoff, 1980: 407 (removed mf from S of N. theis).
N. seca Roberts, 1983: 275, f. 202-204, 213-214 (Dm).
N. m. Grasshoff, 1986: 56, f. 71-78 (mf, S).
N. neotheis Barrion et al., 1988: 394, f. 3a-g, 9c (f).
N. m. Levi, 1993a: 232, f. 18-21 (mf).
mf mukerjei Tikader, 1980....................India
N. m. Tikader, 1980b: 247, f. 1-23 (Dmf).
N. m. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 17, f. 11-12, 26-30 (mf).
N. m. Tikader, 1982a: 248, f. 60-61, 478-500 (mf).
mf multiplicans (Chamberlin 1924)....................China, Korea
Aranea multiplicans Chamberlin, 1924a: 18, pl. 5, f. 35 (Dmf).
N. scylla Song, 1988: 129, f. 8A-B only (f, S, rejected).
N. minoriscylla Yin et al., 1990: 123, f. 301-309 (Dmf).
N. minoriscylla Yin et al., 1997: 367, f. 262a-i (mf).
N. m. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1715, f. 17a-c (removed mf from S of N. scylla, contra Song, 1988: 129, S).
N. minoriscylla Tanikawa, 1998b: 158, f. 83-85, 87 (f).
N. m. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 176N-O (f).
f murthyi Patel & Reddy, 1990....................India
N. m. Patel & Reddy, 1990c: 157, f. 1-5 (Df).
mf nautica (L. Koch, 1875)....................Cosmotropical
Epeira tristis Taczanowski, 1873: 131 (Df; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1862).
Epeira n. L. Koch, 1875b: 17, pl. 2, f. 2 (Dmf).
Epeira pullata Thorell, 1877b: 385 (Df).
Epeira volucripes Keyserling, 1885: 528, pl. 13, f. 27 (Dmf).
Epeira volucripes Keyserling, 1892: 199, pl. 9, f. 147 (mf).
Epeira volucripes McCook, 1894: 162, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (mf).
Araneus nauticus Pocock, 1900a: 228.
N. volucripes F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 473, pl. 44, f. 18 (f).
Aranea camerunensis Strand, 1906h: 62 (Df).
Aranea n. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 222, 403, pl. 4, f. 31, pl. 11, f. 197, pl. 12, f. 299 (mf).
Aranea koratsensis Dönitz & Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 384, pl. 4, f. 25 (Df).
Araneus nauticus Simon, 1907d: 290, f. 1A (f).
Araneus tristimoniae Petrunkevitch, 1911: 320 (replacement name for Epeira tristis Taczanowski).
N. n. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 320, f. 197-199 (mf).
N. n. Comstock, 1940: 513, f. 536 (f).
N. vulgaris Archer, 1940: 50, pl. II, f. 4 (f).
Araneus marcuzzii Caporiacco, 1955: 355, f. 35a-c (Df).
N. n. Yaginuma, 1955a: 17, pl. I, f. 5, 15 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Araneus nauticus Saito, 1959: 90, text-f. 7.1-2, f. 104a-d (f).
N. n. Yaginuma, 1960: 56, f. 52.3 (mf).
N. n. Lee, 1966: 41, f. 11d-f (mf).
N. n. Yaginuma, 1971: 56, f. 52.3 (mf).
N. n. Berman & Levi, 1971: 498, f. 13, 111-120, 132 (mf, S).
Araneus nauticus Chrysanthus, 1971: 29, f. 48-51 (f).
N. n. Yin, 1978: 5, f. 12A-D (mf).
N. n. Song, 1980: 103, f. 49a-d (mf).
N. n. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 12, f. 14-17 (f).
N. n. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 27, f. 34-36 (f).
N. n. Tikader, 1982a: 242, f. 466-469 (f).
N. n. Hu, 1984: 122, f. 123.1-2 (mf).
N. n. Guo, 1985: 69, f. 2-22.1-4 (mf).
N. n. Zhu et al., 1985: 81, f. 69a-d (f).
N. n. Yaginuma, 1986a: 105, f. 55.6 (mf).
N. n. Grasshoff, 1986: 46, f. 5, 60-63 (mf).
N. n. Chikuni, 1989b: 72, f. 33 (mf).
N. n. Feng, 1990: 92, f. 67.1-6 (mf).
N. n. Chen & Gao, 1990: 67, f. 83a-b (mf).
N. n. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 115, f. 109.1-5 (mf).
N. n. Levi, 1993a: 228, f. 10-13 (mf).
N. n. Zhao, 1993: 253, f. 116a-c (mf).
N. n. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 629, f. 397a-h (f).
N. n. Yin et al., 1997: 351, f. 247a-g (mf).
N. n. Tanikawa, 1998b: 145, f. 33, 39-45 (mf).
N. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 176P-R, 179C, 180L (mf).
f novella (Simon, 1907)....................Bioko
Araneus novellus Simon, 1907d: 294, f. 3A (Df).
N. n. Grasshoff, 1986: 104, f. 151-152 (Tf from Araneus).
mf oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864)....................USA to Peru, Galapagos Is.
Epeira o. Keyserling, 1864: 121, pl. 5, f. 15-16 (Df).
Epeira cooksonii Butler, 1877: 76, pl. 13, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira adiantoides Taczanowski, 1878b: 148, pl. 1, f. 4 (Dmf).
Epeira vertebrata McCook, 1888b: 196, f, 6-10 (Dmf).
Epeira oaxensis Keyserling, 1893: 238, pl. 12, f. 178 (f).
Epeira vertebrata McCook, 1894: 151, pl. 3, f. 6-7, pl. 4, f. 1, pl. 5, f. 4 (mf).
Araneus adiantoides Simon, 1897e: 2.
N. conifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 409, pl. 44, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
N. o. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 468, pl. 44, f. 4-5 (mf).
N. cooksoni F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 473, pl. 44, f. 16 (f).
Araneus coniferus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286.
Araneus o. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
Araneus cooksoni Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286.
N. salaeria Chamberlin, 1920c: 167, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
N. naiba Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929: 104, pl. 4, f. 46-48 (Df).
N. o. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 322, f. 200-204 (mf).
Aranea naiba Roewer, 1942a: 862.
Aranea salaeria Roewer, 1942a: 863.
N. lativulva Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942a: 78, f. 221-222 (Df).
N. o. Berman & Levi, 1971: 486, f. 4, 9, 11, 78-90, 129 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
N. o. Levi, 1973: 478 (S).
N. o. Barrion et al., 1988: 396, f. 4a-g, 9d (f, probably misidentified).
N. o. Levi, 1993a: 233, f. 22-25 (mf).
f odites (Simon, 1906)....................India
Araneus o. Simon, 1906c: 308 (Df).
N. o. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 36, f. 77-80 (Tf from Araneus).
N. o. Tikader, 1982a: 274, f. 547-550 (f).
m oriemindoroana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
N. o. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 624, f. 393a-f (Dm).
f orientalis (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Epeira orientalis Urquhart, 1887: 79, pl. 7, f. 3 (Dmf).
N. o. Court & Forster, 1988: 98, f. 501-503 (removed f from S of Araneus brouni; m of Urquhart, 1886 probably = Eriophora heroine).
mf orizabensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico
N. o. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 473, pl. 44, f. 17 (Df).
N. amulensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 472, pl. 44, f. 15 (Df).
Araneus amulensis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 278.
Araneus o. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 307.
N. o. Berman & Levi, 1971: 484, f. 7, 59-67, 133 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
f pavida (Simon, 1906)....................India, China
Araneus pavidus Simon, 1906c: 309 (Df).
Araneus pavidus Dyal, 1935: 184, pl. 16, f. 126 (f).
N. p. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 38, f. 81-94 (Tf from Araneus).
N. p. Tikader, 1982a: 276, f. 551-554 (f).
N. p. Hu & Li, 1987a: 333, f. 14.1-4 (f).
N. p. Yin et al., 1997: 369, f. 263a-d (f).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 176S-U, 180M (f).
mf penicillipes (Karsch, 1879)....................West, Central Africa
Epeira p. Karsch, 1879e: 836, pl. 11, f. 6 (Dm).
Araneus pachanus Pocock, 1898e: 447, pl. 13, f. 9 (Df).
Aranea bioculata Thorell, 1899: 44 (Df).
Aranea varians Thorell, 1899: 49 (Dmf).
Araneus haematocnemis Pocock, 1899e: 850, pl. 56, f. 8 (Df).
Aranea leimenstolli Strand, 1906h: 57 (Dm).
Araneus varians Simon, 1907d: 289.
Aranea haematocnemis Strand, 1913a: 380.
Aranea haematocnemis antepicta Strand, 1913a: 380 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis constrictifascia Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis decoratella Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis indistinctepicta Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis lanceolatella Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis monotonia Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis nigrofoliata Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea haematocnemis recurvata Strand, 1913a: 381 (Df).
Aranea sanguinipes antepicta Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes constrictifascia Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes decoratella Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes indistinctepicta Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes lanceolatella Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes monotonia Roewer, 1942a: 813.
Aranea sanguinipes nigrifoliata Roewer, 1942a: 814.
Aranea sanguinipes recurvata Roewer, 1942a: 814.
Afraranea sanguipes Archer, 1951a: 22, f. 43 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. p. Grasshoff, 1986: 78, f. 1, 3, 6, 9-10, 113-123 (mf; removed from S of N. rufipalpis, S).
f plebeja (L. Koch, 1871)....................Fiji, Tonga, Funafuti, Rapa
Epeira p. L. Koch, 1871: 69, p. 6, f. 10 (Df).
Araneus plebejus Berland, 1935: 60, f. 40, 50 (f).
N. p. Ledoux & Hallé, 1995: 5, f. 3A-D (Tf from Araneus).
mf polyspinipes Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. p. Yin et al., 1990: 104, f. 254-261 (Dmf).
N. p. Yin et al., 1997: 352, f. 248a-k (mf).
N. p. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1716, f. 18a-b (m).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 176V-X, 179D-E, 180N (mf).
mf pratensis (Hentz, 1847)....................USA, Canada
Epeira p. Hentz, 1847: 475, pl. 31, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira p. Emerton, 1884: 310, pl. 33, f. 15, pl. 36, f. 9 (f, Dm).
Epeira p. Keyserling, 1892: 184, pl. 9, f. 136 (f).
Epeira p. McCook, 1894: 142, pl. 1, f. 6 (mf).
Epeira p. Emerton, 1902: 167, f. 396 (mf).
N. p. Crosby & Bishop, 1928b: 1056.
Araneus p. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 310.
N. p. Berman & Levi, 1971: 494, f. 101-110, 134 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. p. Barrion et al., 1988: 398, f. 5a-g, 9e (f, probably misidentified).
mf pseudonautica Yin et al., 1990....................China. Korea
N. p. Yin et al., 1990: 107, f. 262-269 (Dmf).
N. p. Yin et al., 1997: 353, f. 249a-k (mf).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 176Y-Z, A', 179F, 180O (mf).
mf pseudoscylla (Schenkel, 1953)....................China
Araneus p. Schenkel, 1953b: 47, f. 22a-c (Dm).
N. p. Yin et al., 1997: 355, f. 250a-h (Tm from Araneus, after Zhu, Df).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 177A-C, 179G, 181A (mf).
mf punctigera (Doleschall, 1857)....................Réunion to Japan
Epeira lugubris Walckenaer, 1842: 34 (Df; apparently considered a nomen dubium by Grasshoff, 1986: 117).
Epeira p. Doleschall, 1857: 420 (Df).
Epeira manipa Doleschall, 1857: 419 (Df).
Epeira indagatrix L. Koch, 1871: 66, pl. 5, f. 8-9 (Dmf).
Epeira vatia Thorell, 1877b: 382 (Dm).
Epeira opima L. Koch, 1878c: 740, pl. 15, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira slateri Butler, 1879a: 730, pl. 58, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira ephippiata Thorell, 1881: 101 (Dm).
Epeira paviei Simon, 1886a: 150 (Df).
Epeira p. trabeata Thorell, 1887: 181 (D).
Epeira p. Keyserling, 1892: 136, pl. 7, f. 100 (f).
Epeira p. McCook, 1894: 163, pl. 6, f. 4 (mf).
Araneus lugubris Simon, 1895a: 828.
Epeira p. Workman, 1896: 48, pl. 48 (mf).
Aranea p. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 230, pl. 11, f. 206 (mf).
Aranea opima Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 231, pl. 11, f. 221 (f).
N. opima Yaginuma, 1955a: 19, pl. I, f. 8, 12 (Tmf from Araneus).
Catheistela opima Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 36 (Tmf from Neoscona, rejected).
Araneus opimus Yaginuma, 1960: 53, f. 50.5 (f).
Araneus lugubris Chrysanthus, 1960: 36, f. 39-42, 45, 69 (mf).
Araneus parascylla Schenkel, 1963: 147, f. 86a-c, 87a-b (Dmf).
Araneus lugubris Lee, 1966: 38, f. 9g-l (f).
Araneus lugubris Yaginuma, 1967b: 89, f. 1e-f (mf, S).
Araneus lugubris Yaginuma, 1971: 53, f. 50.5 (f).
Araneus lugubris Patel, 1975b: 160, f. 2a-c (f).
Afraranea p. Grasshoff, 1980: 403, f. 5-7 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
N. lugubris Tikader & Bal, 1981: 20, f. 36-39 (Tf from Araneus).
N. lugubris Tikader, 1982a: 255, f. 506-509 (f).
N. p. Roberts, 1983: 275, f. 205-208 (Tmf from Afraranea).
Araneus lugubris Hu, 1984: 94, f. 88.1-5 (f).
Araneus p. Yaginuma, 1986a: 98, f. 52.1 (mf).
N. p. Grasshoff, 1986: 117 (S).
Araneus p. Chikuni, 1989b: 67, f. 16 (mf).
Araneus lugubris Chen & Gao, 1990: 45, f. 49a-b (f).
N. p. Yin et al., 1997: 360, f. 256a-h (mf).
N. p. Tanikawa, 1998b: 159, f. 88-90, 93-99 (mf).
N. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 177D-F, 179H, 181B (mf).
mf quadrigibbosa Grasshoff, 1986....................Central, Southern Africa
N. q. Grasshoff, 1986: 112, f. 165-171 (Dmf).
mf quincasea Roberts, 1983....................Central, Southern Africa, Aldabra
N. q. Roberts, 1983: 269, f. 183-191 (Dmf).
N. q. Grasshoff, 1986: 24, f. 25-30 (mf).
mf rapta (Thorell, 1899)....................Africa
Aranea r. Thorell, 1899: 51 (Dmf).
Araneus lambarenensis Simon, 1907d: 293 (Df).
N. r. Grasshoff, 1986: 100, f. 146-150 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
f raydakensis Saha et al., 1995....................India
N. r. Saha et al., 1995: 12, f. 1-8 (Df).
mf rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858)....................Africa, St. Helena, Cape Verde Is.
Epeira r. Lucas, 1858: 422 (Df).
Epeira semiannulata Karsch, 1879a: 334 (Df).
Epeira semiannulata Simon, 1884k: 14, pl. 1, f. 7-8 (f, Dm).
Araneus r. Pocock, 1899e: 849.
Aranea r. Strand, 1908e: 287 (D four varieties)
Aranea r. Tullgren, 1910: 163, pl. 4, f. 107 (f).
Araneus r. Lessert, 1930: 644, f. 19 (f).
Afraranea r. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. r. Grasshoff, 1986: 73, f. 101-112 (mf).
mf rufipalpis buettnerana (Strand, 1908)....................Cameroon, Togo
Aranea r. büttnerana Strand, 1908e: 271, 288, 293 (Dmf).
mf scylla (Karsch, 1879)....................Russia, China, Japan
Epeira scylla Karsch, 1879g: 71 (Df).
Aranea scylla Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 215, pl. 11, f. 202, 220 (f, Dm).
Chinestela gisti Chamberlin, 1924a: 20, pl. 5, f. 37 (Dm).
Araneus scyllus Saito, 1939: 20, f. 3(3) (mf).
Araneus scylla nigromaculatus Yaginuma, 1941: 122, f. 1 (Dmf).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1955a: 18, pl. I, f. 9, 16 (mf, removed from S of N. theisi).
Araneus scyllus Saito, 1959: 89, f. 101a-i (mf).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1960: 56, f. 52.1 (mf).
N. s. Shimojana, 1967: 18, f. 9 (m).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1971: 56, f. 52.2 (mf).
N. s. Hikichi, 1977: 154, f. 38 (f).
N. s. Nishikawa, 1977c: 32 (S).
N. s. Paik, 1978e: 107, f. 25.1 (f).
N. s. Hu, 1984: 125, f. 125.1-4 (mf).
N. s. Zhu et al., 1985: 82, f. 70a-d (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 103, f. 55.5 (mf).
N. s. Song, 1988: 129, f. 8C only (f).
N. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 71, f. 30 (mf).
N. s. Feng, 1990: 93, f. 68.1-5 (mf).
N. s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 67, f. 84a-b (mf).
N. s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 116, f. 110.1-3 (mf).
N. s. Zhao, 1993: 255, f. 118a-c (mf).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 370, f. 264a-i (mf).
N. s. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1717, f. 19a-c (mf).
N. s. Tanikawa, 1998b: 155, f. 70-82 (mf).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 300, f. 177G-H, 179I (mf).
mf scylloides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................China, Taiwan, Japan
Aranea s. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 217, pl. 4, f. 26, pl. 11, f. 209 (Dmf).
Araneus s. Saito, 1939: 21, f. 3(4) (mf).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1940: 123, f. 3.1-4 (f, removed from S of N. theisi).
Araneus s. Nakatsudi, 1942a: 305, f. 8-11 (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1955a: 18, pl. I, f. 10, 13 (mf).
Araneus s. Saito, 1959: 89, f. 102a-f (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1960: 57, f. 53 (f).
Araneus s. Schenkel, 1963: 145, f. 85 (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1966e: 23, f. 2 (m).
N. s. Lee, 1966: 41, f. 11g-h (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 53 (f).
N. s. Matsumoto, 1973b: 41, f. 12, 14 (f).
N. s. Hu, 1984: 124, f. 124.1-2 (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 103, f. 55.1 (f).
N. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 73, f. 34 (mf).
N. s. Feng, 1990: 94, f. 69.1-2 (f).
N. s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 67, f. 85 (f).
N. s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 116, f. 111.1-3 (f).
N. s. Zhao, 1993: 257, f. 119 (f).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 371, f. 265a-g (mf).
N. s. Tanikawa, 1998b: 153, f. 38, 62-68 (mf).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177I-K, 179J, 181C (mf).
mf semilunaris (Karsch, 1879)....................China, Japan
Atea s. Karsch, 1879g: 73, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
Aranea s. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 220, pl. 11, f. 201, 228 (f, Dm).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1960: 55, f. 51 (mf).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1971: 55, f. 51 (mf).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 100, f. 53.3 (mf).
Araneus s. Chikuni, 1989b: 69, f. 22 (mf).
Araneus s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 47, f. 52a-b (mf).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 372, f. 266a-d (Tmf from Araneus).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177L-N, 181D (f).
mf shillongensis Tikader & Bal, 1981....................India, China
N. s. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 34, f. 73-76 (Df).
N. s. Tikader, 1982a: 272, f. 543-546 (f).
N. s. Hu & Li, 1987a: 334, f. 15.1-4, 16.1-2 (f, Dm).
N. s. Yin et al., 1990: 126, f. 310-312 (f).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 373, f. 267a-i (mf).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177O-Q, 179K, 181E (mf).
f simoni Grasshoff, 1986....................Central Africa
Araneus nigritus fernandensis Simon, 1907d: 290 (Df).
N. s. Grasshoff, 1986: 115, f. 172-174 (f; replacement name for N. nigrita fernandensis (Simon, 1907), preoccupied).
mf sinhagadensis (Tikader, 1975)....................India, China
Araneus s. Tikader, 1975b: 146, f. 4-7 (Dmf).
N. s. Tikader & Bal, 1981: 30, f. 63-67 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. s. Tikader, 1982a: 267, f. 533-537 (mf).
N. s. Hu & Li, 1987a: 336, f. 17.1-4 (f).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 275, f. 268a-d (f).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177R-T, 181F (f).
mf sodom Levy, 1998....................Israel
N. s. Levy, 1998a: 340, f. 117-126 (Dmf).
mf stanleyi (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo
Araneus s. Lessert, 1930: 653, f. 26-27 (Dmf).
Afraranea s. Archer, 1951a: 22 (Tmf from Araneus).
mf subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837)....................Old World
Atea s. C. L. Koch, 1837b: 4 (D).
Atea s. C. L. Koch, 1844: 140, f. 939 (Df).
Epeira dalmatica Doleschall, 1852: 648 (Df).
Epeira blanda Blackwall, 1865a: 95 (Dm).
Epeira impedita L. Koch, 1867c: 859 (Df).
Epeira illibata Simon, 1870b: 312, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira perplicata O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 300 (Df).
Epeira limans Thorell, 1875a: 81 (Dm).
Epeira limans Thorell, 1875c: 7 (Dm).
Epeira s. Lebert, 1877: 128.
Epeira radulans Pavesi, 1883: 11 (Dm).
Epeira dalmatica Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 129, pl. 5, f. 6 (mf).
Aranea nigrita Thorell, 1899: 52 (Dmf).
Aranea submodesta Strand, 1906b: 621 (Df).
Aranea submodesta neumanni Strand, 1906b: 683 (Df).
Araneus mesonauta Simon, 1907d: 290, f. 1C (Df).
Araneus occidaneus Simon, 1907d: 295, f. 3B (Df).
Araneus dalmaticus minor Simon, 1908a: 430 (D).
Aranea submodesta Strand, 1908g: 402.
Araneus dalmaticus Lessert, 1910b: 169.
Aranea restiaria Tullgren, 1910: 166, pl. 4, f. 117 (Df).
Aranea restiaria obscura Tullgren, 1910: 166 (Df).
Aranea artifex Tullgren, 1910: 166, pl. 4, f. 118 (Df).
Aranea dalmatica Strand, 1915c: 146.
Araneus dalmaticus Simon, 1929: 686, 763, f. 1078-1080 (mf).
Araneus hoffmanni Schenkel, 1937: 384, f. 5 (Df).
N. albobitriangulosa Caporiacco, 1939a: 341, f. 12 (Dm).
Araneus artifex Caporiacco, 1940c: 828 (Dm).
Araneus perplicatus Caporiacco, 1940c: 829.
N. perplicata Caporiacco, 1941b: 75, f. 25a-d (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
N. immodesta Caporiacco, 1941b: 77, f. 26a-c (Dm).
N. submodesta neumanni Caporiacco, 1941b: 78 (Tf from Araneus, elevated to subspecies).
Araneus aballensis angustifolius Caporiacco, 1941b: 80 (Dj).
Araneus aballensis foliatus Caporiacco, 1941b: 80 (Df).
Araneus aballensis subconcolor Caporiacco, 1941b: 80 (Df).
Araneus aballensis albozonatus Caporiacco, 1941b: 81 (Dj).
Araneus aballensis bimaculatus Caporiacco, 1941b: 81 (Dj).
Araneus aballensis nigricans Caporiacco, 1941b: 81 (Dj).
Araneus granatae Caporiacco, 1941b: 81, f. 27-28 (Df).
Aranea dalmatica Drensky, 1943: 241, f. 17 (m).
N. artifex Caporiacco, 1947d: 169 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus tullgreni Caporiacco, 1947d: 173, f. 30 (Df).
Araneus tullgreni obscuratus Caporiacco, 1947d: 174 (Df).
N. wiehlei Caporiacco, 1949a: 414, f. 56a-c (Df).
N. submodesta neumanni Caporiacco, 1949a: 416 (S).
Araneus airensis Denis, 1955b: 135, f. 41-44 (Df).
Araneus subfuscus Fuhn & Oltean, 1969: 166, pl. II, f. 1-2 (mf).
N. parva Schmidt, 1973: 370, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
N. parva Schmidt, 1975a: 509, f. 4.
N. s. Grasshoff, 1980: 406 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Araneus granatai Brignoli, 1983c: 260.
N. dalmatica Morano & Ferrández, 1986: 175, f. 9-11 (mf).
N. s. Grasshoff, 1986: 15, f. 2, 4, 11-24 (mf, S).
N. s. Levy, 1998a: 336, f. 96-107 (mf, S).
j subfusca alboplagiata Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
N. artifex a. Caporiacco, 1947d: 169 (Dj).
f aubfusca pallidior Thorell, 1899....................Bioko
Aranea nigrita p. Thorell, 1899: 52 (Df).
mf subpullata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)....................China, Korea, Japan
Aranea s. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 234, pl. 11, f. 232-233 (Df).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1955a: 20, pl. I, f. 4 (Tf from Araneus).
Araneus subpullatus Yaginuma, 1960: 52, f. 48 (f).
Araneus subpullatus Paik, 1970b: 85, f. 2-4 (f).
Araneus subpullatus Yaginuma, 1971: 52, f. 48 (f).
N. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 105, f. 55.8 (f).
N. s. Ma & Tu, 1987: 52, f. 2 (f).
N. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 70, f. 29 (f, Dm).
N. subpullatus Chen & Gao, 1990: 68, f. 86 (f).
N. s. Yin et al., 1997: 355, f. 251a-c (f).
N. s. Tanikawa, 1998b: 148, f. 34-36, 46-52 (mf).
N. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177U, 181G (f).
mf tedgenica (Bakhvalov, 1978)....................Central Asia
Araneus cruciferoides Spassky, 1952: 203, f. 6, 10 (Dmf, preoccupied by Tullgren, 1910).
Araneus tedgenicus Bakhvalov, 1978: 790, f. 1-4 (Df).
Aculepeira t. Brignoli, 1983c: 255 (Tf from Araneus).
Araneus spasskyi Brignoli, 1983c: 258 (replacement name for Araneus cruciferoides).
N. t. Marusik, Tarabaev & Litovchenko, 1991: 20 (Tf from Aculepeira, Sm).
mf theisi (Walckenaer, 1842)....................India, China to Pacific Is.
Epeira theis Walckenaer, 1842: 53, pl. 18, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira mangareva Walckenaer, 1847a: 469 (Df).
Epeira assidua Vinson, 1863: 180, 310 (Df).
Epeira braminica Stoliczka, 1869: 238, pl. 20, f. 8 (Df).
Epeira mangareva L. Koch, 1871: 85, pl. 7, f. 4 (f, Dm).
Epeira theisii Thorell, 1877b: 390.
Epeira theisii Thorell, 1878b: 65.
Epeira eclipsis Marx, 1893: 590, pl. 70, f. 6 (Df).
Araneus mangarevus Pocock, 1897c: 601, pl. 25, f. 11 (f).
Epeira ventricosa Rainbow, 1897a: 110, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira longispina Rainbow, 1897a: 111, pl. 3, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Epeira multispina Rainbow, 1897a: 112, pl. 3, f. 3-4 (Dmf).
Epeira etheridgei Rainbow, 1897a: 114, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira festiva Rainbow, 1897a: 115, pl. 4, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira obscura Rainbow, 1897a: 116, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df).
N. t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 470, pl. 44. f. 9-10 (mf).
Aranea theisii Tullgren, 1910: 164, pl. 4, f. 112 (mf).
Araneus t. Merian, 1911: 213, pl. 9, f. 7.
Aranea t. Roewer, 1938: 39, f. 27 (f).
Araneus t. Saito, 1939: 22, f. 3(5) (f).
Araneus t. Nakatsudi, 1943a: 156, f. 6-8, pl. XXII, f. 3-4 (mf).
N. t. Yaginuma, 1955a: 17, pl. I, f. 3 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. t. Yaginuma, 1960: 57, f. 53 (f).
Araneus t. Chrysanthus, 1960: 39, f. 44, 53-55, 61, 73 (mf).
N. t. Lee, 1966: 42, f. 12a-b (f).
N. t. Yaginuma, 1971: 57, f. 53 (f).
Araneus t. Chrysanthus, 1971: 31, f. 59-61 (f).
Araneus t. Patel, 1975b: 158, f. 1a-g (mf).
N. t. Yin, 1978: 5, f. 13A-D (mf).
N. t. Song, 1980: 105, f. 50a-d (mf).
N. theis Tikader & Bal, 1981: 32, f. 13, 68-72 (mf).
N. t. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 26, f. 31-33 (f).
N. t. Wang, 1981: 95, f. 35A-C (mf).
N. t. Tikader, 1982a: 269, f. 62, 538-542 (mf).
N. t. Hu, 1984: 126, f. 126.1-2 (mf).
N. t. Yaginuma, 1986a: 104, f. 55.7 (f).
N. t. Grasshoff, 1986: 69, f. 90-100 (mf).
N. t. Zhang, 1987: 87, f. 71.1-3 (mf).
N. t. Barrion et al., 1988: 402, f. 6a-g, 7a-e, 9f-g (mf).
N. t. Davies, 1988b: 300, f. 21 (mf).
N. t. Chikuni, 1989b: 72, f. 32 (mf).
N. t. Feng, 1990: 95, f. 70.1-4 (mf).
N. t. Chen & Gao, 1990: 68, f. 87a-c (mf).
N. t. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 118, f. 112.1-3 (mf).
N. t. Zhao, 1993: 257, f. 120a-b (mf).
N. t. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 625, f. 394a-e, 305a-d (mf).
N. t. Yin et al., 1997: 375, f. 269a-g (mf).
N. t. Tanikawa, 1998b: 137, f. 1-8, 11-17 (mf).
N. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177V-X, 179L, 181H (mf).
f theisi carbonaria (Simon, 1909)....................Vietnam
Araneus t. c. Simon, 1909e: 110 (Df).
f theisi feisiana (Strand, 1911)....................Caroline Is.
Aranea t. f. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
Aranea t. f. Strand, 1915d: 221, pl. 14, f. 19 (f).
f theisi savesi (Simon, 1880)....................New Caledonia
Araneus t. s. Simon, 1880i: 169 (Df).
mf theisi theisiella (Tullgren, 1910)....................West, Central, East Africa
Aranea theisiella Tullgren, 1910: 164, pl. 4, f. 113 (Dmf).
N. theisella Caporiacco, 1947d: 168 (Tmf from Araneus).
N. t. t. Grasshoff, 1986: 31, f. 36-43 (mf, reduced to subspecies).
mf theisi triangulifera (Thorell, 1878)....................New Guinea
Epeira triangulifera Thorell, 1878b: 65 (Df).
Epeira theisii t. Thorell, 1881: 115.
Araneus t. t. Hogg, 1915a: 451 (Dm).
mf tianmenensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. t. Yin et al., 1990: 126, f. 313-320 (Dmf).
N. t. Yin et al., 1997: 377, f. 270a-k (mf).
N. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 177Y-Z, 178A, 179M, 181I (mf).
mf triangula (Keyserling, 1864)....................Cape Verde to India
Epeira nocturna Vinson, 1863: 161, 309, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df; preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1758).
Epeira triangula Keyserling, 1864: 98, pl. 5, f. 12-14 (Dmf).
Epeira kerstenii Gerstäcker, 1873: 492 (Dm).
Epeira melanopa Gerstäcker, 1873: 493 (Df).
Epeira obscura Blackwall, 1877: 15 (Df; preoccupied by Wider, 1834).
Epeira locuples Butler, 1879a: 732, pl. 58, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira cerviniventris Simon, 1884k: 16 (Df).
Epeira annulata Lenz, 1891: 177, pl. 2, f. 18 (Dm, preoccupied).
Araneus haploscapus Pocock, 1898c: 209, pl. 8, f. 5 (Df).
Aranea sub-bituberculata Thorell, 1899: 47 (Dm).
Aranea danensis Strand, 1906b: 620 (Dm).
Araneus fernandensis Simon, 1907d: 292, f. 2 (Df).
Aranea annulella Strand, 1907n: 623 (replacement name for Epeira annulata Lenz, 1891).
Aranea kersteni Strand, 1908g: 406.
Aranea kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910: 164, pl. 4, f. 111 (Df).
Aranea formicae Tullgren, 1910: 164, pl. 4, f. 114 (Dm).
Aranea cruciferoides Tullgren, 1910: 165, pl. 4, f. 116 (Dm).
Aranea melanopa Strand, 1913a: 372.
Araneus katangae Giltay, 1935b: 7, f. 4-5 (Df).
N. platyparomma Caporiacco, 1939a: 343, f. 13 (Dm).
N. platyparomma Caporiacco, 1940c: 822 (Df).
N. danensis Caporiacco, 1941b: 79 (Tm from Araneus).
Aranea nocturnella Roewer, 1942a: 811 (replacement name for Epeira nocturna Vinson).
Aranea platyparoma Roewer, 1942a: 812.
Araneus nigrostriatus Caporiacco, 1947d: 174, f. 31 (Df).
Araneus nigrostriatus nigrovittatus Caporiacco, 1947d: 175 (Df).
N. cruciferoides Caporiacco, 1949a: 414 (Tm from Araneus).
N. dauensis Caporiacco, 1949a: 416, f. 58 (f, lapsus for N. danensis).
Afraranea t. Grasshoff, 1980: 397, f. 1-4 (removed mf from S of N. punctigera, S).
N. larbada Roberts, 1983: 269, f. 192-198, 209-210 (Dmf).
N. t. Grasshoff, 1986: 84, f. 124-135 (mf, S).
m triangula mensamontella (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar
Aranea annulata m. Strand, 1907a: 534 (Dm).
Aranea annulella m. Strand, 1907n: 623.
mf triramusa Yin & Zhao, 1994....................China
N. t. Yin & Zhao, 1994: 5, f. 22-32 (Dmf).
N. t. Yin et al., 1997: 378, f. 271a-k (mf).
N. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 178B-D, 179N-O, 181J (mf).
f ujavalai Reddy & Patel, 1992....................India
N. u. Reddy & Patel, 1992d: 129, f. 1-5 (Df).
mf usbonga Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
N. u. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 620, f. 391a-j, 392a-g (Dmf).
mf utahana (Chamberlin, 1919)....................USA, Mexico
Aranea u. Chamberlin, 1919a: 254, pl. 19, f. 3 (Df).
N. eximia Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 19, f. 32 (Dmf).
N. jonesi Archer, 1951a: 22, f. 35, 50, 58 (Dm).
N. u. Berman & Levi, 1971: 485, f. 68-77, 135 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
N. u. Barrion et al., 1988: 405, f. 8a-e, 9h (m, probably misidentified).
N. u. Breene et al., 1993: 106, f. 163A-C (mf).
mf vigilans (Blackwall, 1865)....................Africa to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira hispida Doleschall, 1859: 33, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df; preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1844).
Epeira v. Blackwall, 1865b: 342 (Df).
Epeira decens Thorell, 1877b: 379 (Df; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1866).
Epeira rumpfii Thorell, 1878b: 296 (D; preoccupied by Scopoli, 1763 sub Aranea).
Epeira rufo-femorata Simon, 1884q: 348, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira hispida lunifera Thorell, 1887: 180 (D).
Epeira hispida stragulata Thorell, 1887: 180 (D).
Araneus marshalli Pocock, 1898c: 207, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
Araneus spenceri Pocock, 1898c: 209, pl. 8, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus decens Simon, 1899a: 90.
Araneus rumpfi Pocock, 1900a: 228 (Df).
Aranea temeraria Tullgren, 1910: 165, pl. 4, f. 115 (Dm).
Araneus rumpfi Sherriffs, 1934: 88, f. 1, pl. 8, f. 3 (f, Dm).
Araneus alternidens Schenkel, 1936b: 107, f. 38 (Df).
N. irritans Caporiacco, 1947d: 171, f. 28 (Dm).
N. rumpfi Yaginuma, 1955a: 19, pl. I, f. 7 (Tmf from Araneus).
Afraranea rufofemorata Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 37 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus rufofemoratus Chrysanthus, 1960: 33, f. 35-38, 43, 70 (mf).
Araneus rufofemoratus Lee, 1966: 39, f. 10a-d (f).
Araneus alternidens Yin, 1978: 2, f. 4A-D (f).
Aranea alternidens Song, 1980: 95, f. 41a-d (f).
N. rumpfi Tikader & Bal, 1981: 18, f. 31-35 (mf).
N. rumpfi Tikader, 1982a: 253, f. 501-505 (mf).
N. rumpfi Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 25, f. 28-30 (f).
Araneus alternidens Hu, 1984: 88, f. 79 (f).
N. v. Grasshoff, 1986: 95, f. 141-145 (Tf from Araneus, Sm).
Araneus alternidens Feng, 1990: 52, f. 27.1-4 (f).
Araneus alternidens Chen & Gao, 1990: 43, f. 44a-b (f).
N. rumpfi Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 630, f. 398a-e, 399a-f (f).
N. v. Yin et al., 1997: 361, f. 257a-j (mf).
N. v. Tanikawa, 1998b: 163, f. 91-92, 100-106 (mf).
N. v. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 178E-G, 180A-B, 181K (mf).
f xishanensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. x. Yin et al., 1990: 129, f. 321-324 (Df).
N. x. Yin et al., 1997: 279, f. 272a-h (f).
N. x. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 301, f. 178H-J, 181L (f).
mf yadongensis Yin et al., 1990....................China
N. y. Yin et al., 1990: 133, f. 332-338 (Dmf).
N. y. Yin et al., 1997: 381, f. 273a-i (mf).
N. y. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 178K-M, 180C, 181M (mf).
m yptinika Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
N. y. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 620, f. 390a-l (Dm).
mf trituberculosa (Roewer, 1942) *....................Australia, New Zealand
Epeira tri-tuberculata Urquhart, 1887: 78, pl. 7, f. 2, pl. 8, f. 1 (Df; preoccupied by Lucas, 1846).
Epeira trituberculata Urquhart, 1888: 120, pl. 11, f. 7-8 (f).
Aranea t. Roewer, 1942a: 834 (replacement name).
Novakia trituberculata Court & Forster, 1988: 119, f. 359, 553-562 (Tmf from Araneus; specific name by Urquhart, 1887 is a junior primary homonym that was correctly replaced by Roewer).
mf laevigata (Urquhart, 1891) *....................New Zealand
Epeira l. Urquhart, 1891a: 171, pl. 21, f. 6 (Df).
N. l. Court & Forster, 1988: 114, f. 361, 539-544, 546-552 (Tf from Araneus, Dm).
Transferred to other genera:
N. cornuta (Clerck, 1757) -- see Larinioides.
N. ixobola (Thorell, 1873) -- see Larinioides.
N. patagiata (Clerck, 1757) -- see Larinioides.
N. sclopetaria (Clerck, 1757) -- see Larinioides.
In synonymy:
N. sexpunctata (Linnaeus, 1757, T from Araneus) = N. umbratica (Clerck, 1757) (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
f cedrorum (Simon, 1929)....................Algeria
Araneus c. Simon, 1929: 687 (Df).
N. c. Grasshoff, 1983: 227 (Tf from Araneus).
mf silvicultrix (C. L. Koch, 1835)....................Palearctic
Epeira s. C. L. Koch, 1835: 131, pl. 21-22 (Dmf).
Epeira s. C. L. Koch, 1844: 131, f. 932-933 (mf).
Epeira s. Bösenberg, 1901: 36, pl. 2, f. 23 (mf).
Araneus s. Simon, 1929: 687.
Aranea s. Wiehle, 1931: 96, f. 142-145 (mf).
Aranea s. Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 29 (mf).
Epeira (Cyphepeira) s. Archer, 1951c: 4.
Araneus s. Beer, 1964: 528, f. 9 (f).
Aranea s. Zamaraev, 1964: 362, f. 97-99 (mf).
Araneus silvicultor Tyschchenko, 1971: 200, f. 598, 602 (f).
Araneus s. Miller, 1971: 213, pl. XL, f. 17 (f).
N. s. Levi, 1974b: 306, f. 50-57, 60, 106 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus s. Palmgren, 1974a: 28, f. 9g, 12a-d (mf).
Araneus silvicultor Izmailova, 1989: 58, f. 42 (f).
N. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 88, f. 200 (mf).
N. s. Roberts, 1995: 320, f. (mf).
N. s. Roberts, 1998: 334, f. (mf).
mf umbratica (Clerck, 1757) *....................Europe to Azerbaijan
Araneus umbraticus Clerck, 1757: 31, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
Aranea sexpunctata Linnaeus, 1758: 622 (D).
Aranea swammerdamii Scopoli, 1763: 393 (D).
Aranea sexpunctata Fabricius, 1775: 436 (D).
Aranea cicatricosa De Geer, 1778: 225, pl. 12, f. 19 (Df).
Epeira umbraticola Lister, 1778: 44, pl. 9, f. 9 (Df).
Aranea impressa Fabricius, 1779: 359 (Df).
Aranea cicatricosa Olivier, 1789: 200 (D).
Aranea sexpunctata Olivier, 1789: 231 (D).
Aranea u. Villers, 1789: 129.
Aranea umbraticola Latreille, 1804a: 359.
Aranea litterata Panzer, 1804: 244, pl. 37, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira u. Walckenaer, 1805: 61.
Epeira u. Audouin, 1826: 345, pl. 3, f. 3 (Dm).
Epeira umbraticola Dufour, 1831: 366, pl. 11, f. 3 (f).
Epeira u. Hahn, 1834: 24, f. 112 (mf).
Epeira u. C. L. Koch, 1844: 128, f. 930-931 (mf).
Epeira cinerea C. L. Koch, 1844: 131 (D).
Epeira thomisoides Dufour, 1855: 8, pl. 5, f. 3-8 (Df).
Epeira u. Blackwall, 1864a: 333, pl. 24, f. 241 (mf).
Epeira u. Menge, 1866: 55, pl. 6, f. 6 (f, not m).
Epeira u. Thorell, 1870a: 14.
Epeira u. Hansen, 1882: 19, pl. 1, f. 33 (mf).
Epeira u. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 132, pl. 5, f. 11 (mf).
Epeira u. Becker, 1896: 30, pl. 8, f. 1 (mf).
Epeira u. Bösenberg, 1901: 33, pl. 2, f. 18 (mf).
Araneus umbraticus Lessert, 1910b: 327.
Aranea u. Reimoser, 1929c: 85, f. 2 (mf).
Araneus umbraticus Simon, 1929: 686, 760, f. 1049 (mf).
Aranea sexpunctata Wiehle, 1931: 93, f. 138-141 (mf).
Aranea sexpunctata Drensky, 1943: 243, f. 29 (mf).
Chinestela u. Archer, 1951c: 2, f. 2 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus umbraticus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 139, f. 92A-B (mf).
Cathaistela u. Archer, 1958: 17 (Tmf from Chinestela).
Araneus umbraticus Beer, 1964: 529, f. 10 (f).
Aranea umbratica Zamaraev, 1964: 362, f. 100-102 (mf).
Araneus umbraticus Tyschchenko, 1971: 198, f. 583, 601 (mf).
Araneus umbraticus Miller, 1971: 214, pl. XL, f. 16 (f).
Araneus umbraticus Loksa, 1972: 93, f. 82D, 84B, 85 (mf).
N. u. Levi, 1974b: 302, f. 43-49, 58-59, 93, 99, 105 (Tmf from Cathaistela).
Araneus umbraticus Palmgren, 1974a: 28, f. 9h, 12e-h (mf).
N. u. Punda, 1975b: 44, f. 82-83 (f).
N. u. Haupt, 1983: 276, f. 1a (m).
N. u. Roberts, 1985: 212, f. 95d (mf).
N. u. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 88, f. 199 (mf).
N. u. Roberts, 1995: 320, f. (mf).
Araneus umbraticus Mcheidze, 1997: 277, f. 630-632 (mf).
N. u. Roberts, 1998: 333, f. (mf).
f umbratica nigricans (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira u. n. Franganillo, 1909: 189 (Df).
Epeira u. n. Franganillo, 1910: 14 (f).
f umbratica obscura (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Epeira u. o. Franganillo, 1909: 188 (Df).
Epeira u. o. Franganillo, 1910: 13 (f).
In synonymy:
O. bicornuta (Mello-Leitão, 1949, T from Wixia) = O. bispinosa (Mello-Leitão, 1945) (Levi, 1993b: 106).
O. bituberosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, T from Wixia) = O. rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1993b: 78).
O. bryanti (Archer, 1951, T from Wixia) = O. globosa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) (Levi, 1976: 382, sub Wixia).
O. clivosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898, T from Wixia) = O. rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1993b: 78).
O. consequa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889, T from Wixia) = O. rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1993b: 78).
O. gibbifera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894, T from Wixia) = O. rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1993b: 78).
O. hentziana (Archer, 1951, T from Wixia) = O. ectypa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1976: 380, sub Wixia).
O. marginata (Mello-Leitão, 1942, T from Eustala) = O. hirsuta (Mello-Leitão, 1942) (Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 246, sub Eustala).
O. pujalsi (Archer, 1958, T from Wixia) = O. serrallesi (Bryant, 1947) (Levi, 1993b: 82).
O. sicula (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904, T from Wixia) = O. subrufa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) (Levi, 1993b: 76).
O. trigonellus (Caporiacco, 1954, T from Wixia) = O. albopunctata (Taczanowski, 1879) (Levi, 1993b: 131).
O. vaurieorum (Archer, 1965, T from Wixia) = O. serrallesi (Bryant, 1947) (Levi, 1993b: 82).
O. vulcani (Kraus, 1955, T from Wixia) = O. subrufa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904) (Levi, 1993b: 76).
Nomen dubium:
O. turrigera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 251, pl. 31, f. 6, j, Mexico, T from Wixia) -- Levi, 1993b: 78.
mf abiseo Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 121, f. 315-321 (Dmf).
mf albopunctata (Taczanowski, 1879)....................Peru, Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana
Tricantha a. Taczanowski, 1879: 123, pl. 2, f. 36 (Dmf).
Araneus albopunctatus Simon, 1895a: 817.
Araneus trigonellus Caporiacco, 1954: 107, f. 26, 26a (Df).
Wixia trigonellus Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
Wixia a. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tmf from Araneus).
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 131, f. 372-379 (Tmf from Wixia, S).
mf anta Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 112, f. 257-263 (Dmf).
m aragua Levi, 1993....................Venezuela
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 126, f. 345-347 (Dm).
mf arturi Levi, 1993....................Panama
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 86, f. 101-107 (Dmf).
f atuncela Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. a. Levi, 1993b: 112, f. 253-256 (Df).
f barbara Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. b. Levi, 1993b: 113, f. 264-268 (Df).
mf bispinosa (Mello-Leitão, 1945)....................Brazil
Carepalxis bispinosus Mello-Leitão, 1945c: 173 (Df).
Wixia bicornuta Mello-Leitão, 1949: 10, f. 11 (Df).
Carepalxis b. Brignoli, 1983c: 264.
O. b. Levi, 1992a: 254 (Tf from Carepalxis).
O. b. Levi, 1993b: 106, f. 218-223 (f, Dm, S).
f branta Levi, 1993....................Jamaica
O. b. Levi, 1993b: 81, f. 71-74 (Df).
mf camaca Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. c. Levi, 1993b: 85, f. 94-100 (Dmf).
m comaina Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. c. Levi, 1993b: 130, f. 367-368 (Dm).
mf covillei Levi, 1993....................Costa Rica, Trinidad to Bolivia
O. c. Levi, 1993b: 135, f. 392-402 (Dmf).
mf cuy Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. c. Levi, 1993b: 120, f. 308-314 (Dmf).
m darlingtoni (Bryant, 1945)....................Hispaniola
Parawixia d. Bryant, 1945a: 382, f. 14, 16, 21 (Dmf).
Parawixia d. Levi, 1991a: 307 (Bryant's f = Aculepeira visite).
Wixia d. Levi, 1992b: 8 (Tm from Parawixia).
O. d. Levi, 1993b: 124, f. 329-333 (Tm from Wixia).
f duocypha (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Araneus d. Chamberlin, 1916: 256, pl. 18, f. 8-10 (Df).
O. d. Levi, 1993b: 129, f. 360-363 (Tf from Araneus).
mf ectypa (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................USA
Epeira e. Walckenaer, 1842: 129 (Dmf).
Epeira infumata Hentz, 1850: 19, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira e. Keyserling, 1864: 135, pl. 6, f. 13-16 (mf).
O. e. Marx, 1883: 22.
Epeira infumata Emerton, 1884: 319, pl. 37, f. 11-13 (f).
Wixia e. Keyserling, 1892: 46, pl. 2, f. 38 (mf).
Wixia e. McCook, 1894: 205, pl. 13, f. 4-5 (mf).
Vixia infumata Banks, 1898b: 256.
Araneus ectypus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Wixia anaglyphe Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 115 (S, rejected).
Wixia hentziana Archer, 1951a: 16, f. 48, 52 (Df).
Wixia anaglyphe Archer, 1951a: 17, f. 49, 54 (f).
Wixia e. Levi, 1976: 380, f. 88-100, 110, 113, 123 (mf, S).
O. e. Levi, 1993b: 56 (Tmf from Wixia).
mf fiebrigi (Dahl, 1906)....................Brazil, Paraguay
Aranea f. Dahl, 1906a: 735 (Dmf).
Wixia f. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tmf from Araneus).
O. f. Levi, 1993b: 102, f. 192-199 (Tmf from Wixia).
mf galianoae Levi, 1993....................Brazil, Argentina
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 100, f. 186-191 (Dmf).
mf georgia (Levi, 1976)....................USA
Wixia g. Levi, 1976: 382, f. 101-109, 111, 114, 124 (Dmf).
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 56 (Tmf from Wixia).
mf gima Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 104, f. 205-211 (Dmf).
f globosa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................USA, Mexico
Wixia g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 486, pl. 46, f. 4 (Df).
Araneus globosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 294.
Wixia bryanti Archer, 1951a: 16, f. 33 (Df).
Wixia g. Levi, 1976: 382, f. 112, 115-120, 125 (f only).
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 75, f. 36-40 (Tf from Wixia; not m, =O. rufa).
mf gnomo (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Brazil
Wixia g. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 195, f. 25 (Dj).
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 108, f. 224-231 (Tj from Wixia, Dmf).
mf gulielmi Levi, 1993....................Colombia, Ecuador
O. g. Levi, 1993b: 109, f. 236-242 (Dmf).
m heredia Levi, 1993....................Costa Rica
O. h. Levi, 1993b: 130, f. 369-371 (Dm).
mf herrera Levi, 1993....................Ecuador, Peru
O. h. Levi, 1993b: 134, f. 387-391 (Dmf).
mf hirsuta (Mello-Leitão, 1942)....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Eustala h. Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 400, f. 16-18 (Dm).
E. marginata Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 401, f. 19-20 (Df).
Eustala h. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 246 (Sf).
O. h. Levi, 1993b: 89, f. 119-125 (Tmf from Eustala).
f hondura Levi, 1993....................Costa Rica
O. h. Levi, 1993b: 90, f. 126-130 (Df).
f incerta (Bryant, 1936)....................Cuba
Wixia i. Bryant, 1936b: 328, pl. 23, f. 6, 8 (Df).
O. i. Levi, 1993b: 88, f. 114-118 (Tf from Wixia).
f ituango Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. i. Levi, 1993b: 118, f. 297-301 (Df).
m jacara Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. j. Levi, 1993b: 129, f. 364-366 (Dm).
m jamora Levi, 1993....................Ecuador
O. j. Levi, 1993b: 116, f. 284-286 (Dm).
mf klossi Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. k. Levi, 1993b: 90, f. 131-136 (Dmf).
f lapeza Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. l. Levi, 1993b: 125, f. 340-344 (Df).
f lisei Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. l. Levi, 1993b: 109, f. 232-235 (Df).
mf lurida (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Bolivia, Argentina
Wixia l. Mello-Leitão, 1943c: 106, f. 6 (Df).
O. l. Levi, 1993b: 96, f. 160-166 (Tf from Wixia, Dm).
f macaiba Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 112, f. 249-252 (Df).
m macintyrei Levi, 1993....................Ecuador
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 113, f. 269-271 (Dm).
mf magdalena Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 124, f. 334-339 (Dmf).
mf malleri Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 100, f. 180-185 (Dmf).
m maltana Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 105, f. 216-217 (Dm).
mf maraca Levi, 1993....................Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 126, f. 348-353 (Dmf).
mf mastophoroides (Mello-Leitão, 1942)....................Argentina
Parawixia m. Mello-Leitão, 1942b: 402, f. 23-24 (Df).
Wixia m. Levi, 1992b: 8 (Tj from Parawixia).
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 92, f. 137-142 (Tj from Wixia, Dmf).
mf molle Levi, 1993....................Bolivia, Argentina
O. m. Levi, 1993b: 104, f. 200-204 (Dmf).
m pedregal Levi, 1993....................Mexico, Nicaragua
O. p. Levi, 1993b: 86, f. 108-110 (Dm).
f pinhal Levi, 1993....................Brazil
O. p. Levi, 1993b: 105, f. 212-215 (Df).
m pista Levi, 1993....................Peru
O. p. Levi, 1993b: 117, f. 287-289 (Dm).
mf planada Levi, 1993....................Colombia, Ecuador
O. p. Levi, 1993b: 117, f. 290-296 (Dmf).
m potosi Levi, 1993....................Mexico
O. p. Levi, 1993b: 81, f. 75-77 (Dm).
mf redempta (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936)....................USA to Honduras
Aranea r. Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936b: 18, f. 39 (Df).
Neoscona r. Berman & Levi, 1971: 499, f. 121-124 (Tf from Araneus).
O. r. Levi, 1993a: 224 (Tf from Neoscona).
O. r. Levi, 1993b: 84, f. 88-93 (f, Dm).
m redondo Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. r. Levi, 1993b: 96, f. 157-159 (Dm).
mf rufa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Costa Rica
Epeira r. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 35, pl. 6, f. 18 (Df).
Epeira consequa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 36 (Df).
Epeira destricta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 39, pl. 4, f. 14 (Dj, not m).
Amamra bituberosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 55, pl. 3, f. 11 (Df).
Amamra bituberosa Keyserling, 1892: 45, pl. 2, f. 37 (f).
Epeira r. Keyserling, 1892: 120, pl. 6, f. 88 (f).
Amamra gibbifera O. P.-Cambridge, 1894a: 137, pl. 18, f. 10 (Df).
Araneus gibbifer Simon, 1897d: 874.
Amamra clivosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 270, pl. 36, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Wixia bituberosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 485.
Wixia gibbifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 485, pl. 46, f. 1 (f).
Wixia clivosa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 485, pl. 46, f. 2-3 (mf).
Wixia r. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 486, pl. 46, f. 5 (f).
Aranea consequa F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 518.
Araneus bituberosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Araneus clivosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 285.
Araneus consequus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 286.
Araneus rufus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 313.
Wixia globosa Levi, 1976: 382, f. 121-122 (m only, misidentified, S).
Wixia consequa Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
O. r. Levi, 1993b: 78, f. 48-70 (Tf from Wixia, Sm).
mf saladito Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. s. Levi, 1993b: 120, f. 302-307 (Dmf).
mf serrallesi (Bryant, 1947)....................West Indies
Wixia s. Bryant, 1947a: 90, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
Wixia pujalsi Archer, 1958: 14, f. 31-32 (Df).
Wixia vaurieorum Archer, 1965b: 131, f. 1O (Df).
O. s. Levi, 1993b: 82, f. 34-35, 78-87 (Tmf from Wixia, S).
f sorota Levi, 1993....................Bolivia
O. s. Levi, 1993b: 137, f. 403-406 (Df).
mf steineri Levi, 1993....................Venezuela
O. s. Levi, 1993b: 110, f. 243-248 (Dmf).
mf subrufa (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904)....................Mexico to Panama
Wixia s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 486, pl. 46, f. 6 (Df).
Wixia sicula F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 487, pl. 46, f. 8 (Dm).
Araneus siculus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 315.
Araneus subrufus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 318.
Wixia vulcani Kraus, 1955b: 25, f. 72-74 (Df).
O. s. Levi, 1993b: 75, f. 41-47 (Tf from Wixia, Sm).
mf tinajillas Levi, 1993....................Colombia, Ecuador
O. t. Levi, 1993b: 122, f. 322-328 (Dmf).
mf tumida (Keyserling, 1865)....................Colombia, Ecuador
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1865: 808, pl. 18, f. 6-8 (Df).
Wixia t. Keyserling, 1892: 48, pl. 2, f. 39 (f).
Araneus tumidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321.
O. t. Levi, 1993b: 99, f. 174-179 (Tf from Wixia, Dm).
mf tungurahua Levi, 1993....................Ecuador
O. t. Levi, 1993b: 114, f. 272-277 (Dmf).
mf valderramai Levi, 1993....................Colombia
O. v. Levi, 1993b: 116, f. 278-283 (Dmf).
mf venustula (Keyserling, 1879)....................Colombia to Chile
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1879: 308, pl. 4, f. 11 (Df).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 128, pl. 6, f. 95 (f, Dm).
Araneus venustulus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
Parawixia v. Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 38 (Tmf from Araneus).
Wixia v. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tmf from Parawixia).
O. v. Levi, 1993b: 94, f. 27-33, 143-154 (Tmf from Wixia).
m verecunda (Keyserling, 1865)....................Colombia
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1865: 824, pl. 19, f. 14-16 (Dm).
Epeira v. Keyserling, 1892: 127, pl. 6, f. 94 (f, Df).
Araneus verecundus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324.
O. v. Levi, 1993b: 95, f. 155-156 (Tm from Araneus).
mf viejo Levi, 1993....................Costa Rica to Peru
O. v. Levi, 1993b: 132, f. 380-386 (Dmf).
mf willisi Levi, 1993....................Panama
O. w. Levi, 1993b: 98, f. 167-173 (Dmf).
mf yaelae Levi, 1993....................Ecuador
O. y. Levi, 1993b: 128, f. 354-359 (Dmf).
m yucatan Levi, 1993....................Mexico
O. y. Levi, 1993b: 88, f. 111-113 (Dm).
In synonymy:
O. caliginosus (Rainbow, 1894) = O. furcatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) (Davies, 1988b: 316).
O. mundhva (Tikader, 1963, T from Cladomelea) = O. sexspinosus (Thorell, 1894) (Tikader, 1982a: 135).
f bicolor Pocock, 1899....................New Britain
O. b. Pocock, 1899f: 105, pl. 10, f. 4 (Df).
f clypeatus Simon, 1897....................Amboina
O. c. Simon, 1897b: 473 (Df).
f ephippiatus Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
O. e. Thorell, 1898: 367 (Df).
f furcatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877)....................New South Wales
Cyrtarachne furcata O. P.-Cambridge, 1877b: 560, pl. 56, f. 2 (Df).
Cyrtarachne caliginosa Rainbow, 1894b: 155, pl. 10, f. 2 (Df).
Dicrostichus caliginosus Simon, 1895a: 883, f. 948 (f).
Dicrostichus f. Simon, 1895a: 886.
O. f. Davies, 1988b: 316 (S).
f furcatus distinctus (Rainbow, 1900)....................New South Wales
Dicrostichus f. d. Rainbow, 1900a: 492 (Df).
mf hobsoni (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877)....................India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan
Cyrtarachne h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1877b: 562, pl. 56, f. 3 (Df).
O. h. Pocock, 1900a: 230, f. 76 (f).
O. h. Tikader, 1965b: 92, f. 1a-c (f).
O. h. Tikader, 1982a: 137, f. 256-257 (f).
O. h. Wang, Zhang & Li, 1985: 67, f. IV (f).
O. h. Tanikawa, 1997b: 104, f. 1-2, 5-11 (f, Dm).
O. h. Yin et al., 1997: 383, f. 275a-b (f).
O. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 181N, 182A (f).
mf magnificus (Rainbow, 1897)....................New South Wales
Dicrostichus m. Rainbow, 1897b: 523, pl. 17, f. 8 (Df).
O. m. Davies, 1988b: 316, f. 37 (f, Dm).
mf monstrosus Keyserling, 1886 *....................Queensland
O. m. Keyserling, 1886a: 114, pl. 9, f. 2 (Df).
O. m. Davies, 1988b: 316, f. 36 (f, Dm).
j pustulosus Thorell, 1897....................Java
O. p. Thorell, 1897b: 8 (Dj).
mf sexspinosus (Thorell, 1894)....................India to Japan, Indonesia
Notocentria sex-spinosa Thorell, 1894a: 48 (Df).
Caerostris cuspidata Workman, 1896: 26, pl. 26 (f).
O. s. Pocock, 1900a: 230.
O. s. Schenkel, 1963: 178, f. 103a-d (f).
Cladomelea mundhva Tikader, 1963c: 97, f. 2 (Df).
O. s. Tikader, 1982a: 135, f. 251-255 (f, S).
O. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 83, f. 66 (f).
O. s. Tanikawa, 1997b: 106, f. 3-4, 12-18 (f, Dm).
O. s. Yin et al., 1997: 384, f. 276a-d (f).
O. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 181O-P, 182B (f).
In synonymy:
P. peltiventris (Strand, 1913, T from Larinia, where listed as possible S of L. punctipedana by Roewer) = P. incerta (Tullgren, 1910) (Grasshoff, 1970c: 414).
mf agnata Grasshoff, 1970....................Congo
P. a. Grasshoff, 1970c: 414, f. 20c, g, 21e, 22c, e, g, 25a (Dmf).
m bartelsi (Lessert, 1933)....................South Africa
Larinia b. Lessert, 1933: 114, f. 31-32 (Dm).
P. b. Grasshoff, 1970c: 416, f. 20d, f, 22i (Tm from Larinia).
mf denisi (Lessert, 1938) *....................Congo
Larinia d. Lessert, 1938: 445, f. 31-33 (Dmf).
P. d. Grasshoff, 1970c: 412, f. 20a, e, 21a-c, 22a, f (Tmf from Larinia).
mf incerta (Tullgren, 1910)....................Central, East Africa
Larinia i. Tullgren, 1910: 162, pl. 4, f. 101 (Df).
Larinia bifida Tullgren, 1910: 160, pl. 4, f. 103b-c (m, misidentified).
Larinia peltiventris Strand, 1913a: 369 (m, provisional name only).
P. i. Grasshoff, 1970c: 414, f. 20b, 21d, 22b, d, h (Tf from Larinia, Sm).
In synonymy:
P. quadrimamillata Schenkel, 1963 = P. sakaguchii Uyemura, 1938 (Yin et al., 1997: 385).
f coccinella (Thorell, 1890)....................Myanmar, Nias Is.
Cyrtarachne c. Thorell, 1890b: 32 (Df).
P. c. Simon, 1895a: 879.
f duodecimmaculata Simon, 1897....................Java
P. d. Simon, 1897b: 466 (Df).
f hemisphaerica (C. L. Koch, 1844)....................Sierra Leone
Gasteracantha h. C. L. Koch, 1844: 49, f. 874 (Df).
P. h. Simon, 1895a: 880.
f japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906....................Japan
P. j. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 242, pl. 15, f. 424.
f kittenbergeri Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
P. k. Caporiacco, 1947d: 177, f. 33 (Df).
f multimaculata Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon, East Africa
Eurysoma walleri Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 23, pl. 2, f. 28 (f, misidentified).
P. multi-maculata Thorell, 1899: 60 (Df).
m peruana Keyserling, 1879....................Peru
P. p. Keyserling, 1879: 296 (Dm).
P. p. Keyserling, 1892: 5, pl. 1, f. 3 (m).
f sakaguchii Uyemura, 1938....................China, Japan
P. s. Uyemura, 1938b: 90, f. 1a-b, pl. 7 (Df).
P. quadrimamillata Schenkel, 1963: 177, f. 102a-b (Df).
P. s. Wang, Zhang & Li, 1985: 66, f. III (f).
P. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 83, f. 63 (f).
P. s. Feng, 1990: 80, f. 55.1-4 (f).
P. s. Yin et al., 1997: 385, f. 277a-b (f, S).
P. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 181Q, 182C (f).
f thorntoni (Blackwall, 1865) *....................Central Africa
Eurysoma t. Blackwall, 1865b: 348 (Df).
P. cabindae Brito Capello, 1867: 10, pl. 2, f. 6 (Df).
P. anchietae Brito Capello, 1867: 11, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df).
Peniza testudo Thorell, 1868b: 10 (Df).
P. t. O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 293, pl. 27, f. 24 (f).
P. t. Simon, 1895a: 880, f. 940 (f).
P. t. Kolosváry, 1931: 1070, pl. 30, f. 4 (f).
f thorntoni occidentalis Strand, 1916....................West, Central Africa
P. t. o. Strand, 1916a: 101 (Df).
f tsushimensis Yamaguchi, 1960....................China, Taiwan, Japan
P. t. Yamaguchi, 1960: 5, f. A.1-7, B, pl. 1 (Df).
P. t. Yin et al., 1990: 136, f. 339-340 (f).
P. t. Chang, 1996: 13, f. 1-3 (f).
P. t. Yin et al., 1997: 386, f. 278a-b (f).
P. t. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 181R, 182D (f).
f walleri (Blackwall, 1865)....................West, Central Africa, Madagascar
Eurysoma w. Blackwall, 1865b: 349 (Df).
P. w. Simon, 1895a: 876, f. 941 (f).
f walleri ashantensis Strand, 1907....................Ghana
P. w. a. Strand, 1907n: 648 (Df).
mf crassipes Keyserling, 1886 *....................Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania
P. c. Keyserling, 1886a: 112, pl. 9, f. 1 (Df).
P. c. Simon, 1895a: 871.
P. c. Hickman, 1976: 166, f. 2-5, 7-13 (f, Dm).
P. c. Davies, 1988b: 308, f. 30 (mf).
f kochi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877)....................Queensland
Paraplectana kochii O. P.-Cambridge, 1877c: 35, pl. 7, f. 10 (Df).
P. k. Simon, 1895a: 871.
In synonymy:
P. asbenicus (Denis, 1955, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 92).
P. confusionis (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. crassicaudex (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = P. perforatus (Thorell, 1899) (Grasshoff, 1968: 89).
P. darolicola (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = P. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86).
P. hoplophallus (Pocock, 1899, T from Araneus) = P. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86).
P. lunulifera (Reimoser, 1938, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1886) (Levy, 1998a: 344).
P. manicola (Strand, 1906, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. paracymbifer (Strand, 1906) = P. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86).
P. sanguipes (Thorell, 1899, T from Araneus) = P. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1986: 78).
P. streptoceros (Pocock, 1898) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. striatellus Roewer, 1942 = P. cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) (Grasshoff, 1968: 86).
P. striatellus intermedius (Pavesi, 1897) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. striatellus similis (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. suedicola (Simon, 1890, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 91).
P. suedicola pardalis (Simon, 1907, T from Araneus) = P. spectator (Karsch, 1885) (Grasshoff, 1968: 92).
P. tyloscapus (Pocock, 1899, T from Araneus) = P. perforatus (Thorell, 1899) (Grasshoff, 1968: 89).
mf cyrtoscapus (Pocock, 1898) *....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Epeira striata Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 43, pl. 2, f. 24-25 (Dmf; preoccupied by Doleschall, 1857).
Araneus c. Pocock, 1898c: 206, pl. 8, f. 2 (Dmf).
Araneus hoplophallus Pocock, 1899c: 40 (Dm).
Aranea sanguipes Thorell, 1899: 48 (Df).
Aranea darolicola Strand, 1906b: 623 (Dm).
Aranea paracymbifera Strand, 1906b: 624 (Dmf).
Aranea striata Tullgren, 1910: 163, pl. 4, f. 109 (f).
Araneus striatus Lessert, 1930: 639, f. 15-16 (mf).
Araneus sanguipes Lessert, 1930: 645, f. 20 (f, Dm).
P. striatus Caporiacco, 1940b: 299.
P. paracymbifer Caporiacco, 1941b: 74 (Tmf from Araneus).
P. striatellus Roewer, 1942a: 869 (replacement name for Epeira striata Bösenberg & Lenz).
P. cyrtoscalus Caporiacco, 1947d: 160 (Tmf from Araneus).
P. c. Grasshoff, 1968: 86, f. 48, 52-54, 60b, 63a-f, 67-73, 82 (mf, S).
P. c. Grasshoff, 1986: 78 (S).
mf perforatus (Thorell, 1899)....................Central, East, Southern Africa
Aranea perforata Thorell, 1899: 46 (Dm).
Araneus tyloscapus Pocock, 1899e: 851, pl. 55, f. 3 (Df).
Aranea crassicaudex Thorell, 1899: 44 (Df).
P. p. Grasshoff, 1968: 89, f. 47, 49-51, 60a, 62a-g, 67-73, 82-84 (Tm from Araneus, Sf).
mf pseudostriatus (Strand, 1908)....................Central, East Africa
Aranea striata pseudostriata Strand, 1908g: 380 (Dj).
Aranea striatus pseudostriata Caporiacco, 1940c: 826 (Df).
P. p. Grasshoff, 1968: 93, f. 58-59, 60d, 65a-d, 74-82 (elevated f from subspecies, Dm).
mf spectator (Karsch, 1886)....................Africa, Middle East
Epeira s. Karsch, 1885: 134, f. 3-4 (Df).
Epeira suedicola Simon, 1890a: 103 (Df).
Epeira similis Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895: 44, pl. 2, f. 26 (Df, preoccupied).
Epeira striata similis Pavesi, 1897b: 164.
Epeira striata intermedia Pavesi, 1897b: 164 (Dmf).
Araneus streptoceros Pocock, 1898e: 436, pl. 13, f. 2 (Dmf).
Aranea confusionis Strand, 1906b: 619 (Df).
Aranea manicola Strand, 1906b: 623 (Dm).
Araneus suedicola pardalis Simon, 1907e: 6 (Df).
Aranea streptocera Strand, 1908g: 379.
Aranea randiae Strand, 1917c: 71 (replacement name for E. similis).
Aranea lunulifera Reimoser, 1937b: 20, f. 2 (Df).
P. striatus similis substriatus Caporiacco, 1940b: 299.
Araneus striatus intermedius Caporiacco, 1940c: 826.
P. striatellus intermedius Roewer, 1942a: 870.
P. streptoceros Caporiacco, 1949a: 411, f. 53 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus asbenicus Denis, 1955b: 134, f. 40 (Df).
P. s. Grasshoff, 1968: 91, f. 55-57, 60c, 64a-d, 74-82 (Tf from Araneus, Sf).
P. s. Levy, 1998a: 342, f. 127-134 (mf, S).
f uncivulva (Strand, 1907)....................Madagascar
Aranea u. Strand, 1907a: 535 (Df).
Aranea u. Strand, 1907n: 634 (Df).
Aranea u. Strand, 1908f: 469, f. K (f).
P. u. Grasshoff, 1968: 94, f. 66a-d, 74-82 (Tf from Araneus).
Transferred to other genera:
P. aysenensis (Tullgren, 1902) -- see Molinaranea.
P. cinaberina (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
P. clymene (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
P. darlingtoni Bryant, 1945 -- see Ocrepeira.
P. flaviventris (Nicolet, 1849) -- see Molinaranea.
P. mastophoroides Mello-Leitão, 1942 -- see Ocrepeira.
P. tullgreni Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Alpaida.
P. venustula (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Ocrepeira.
P. wagenknechti (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Molinaranea.
In synonymy:
P. aeronavis (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Eriophora) = P. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) (Levi, 1992b: 41).
P. armata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) = P. rigida (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1992b: 32).
P. bicolorata (Roewer, 1942) = P. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) (Levi, 1992b: 41).
P. burmeisteri (Holmberg, 1876) = P. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) (Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321, sub Eriophora).
P. cambridgei Bryant, 1940 = P. tredecimnotata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 (Levi, 1992b: 18).
P. caputlupi (Doleschall, 1859) = P. dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) (Chrysanthus, 1960: 31, sub Araneus).
P. coronigera (Taczanowski, 1878) = P. audax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1992b: 37).
P. destrictoides (Strand, 1908) = P. rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1992b: 16).
P. eriophoroides (Caporiacco, 1954) = P. velutina (Taczanowski, 1878) (Levi, 1992b: 24).
P. eumeniphila Strand, 1915 = P. audax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1992b: 37).
P. hamata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 = P. rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) (Levi, 1992b: 16).
P. kochi albozonata Caporiacco, 1948 = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1992b: 33).
P. kochi maculilatera Caporiacco, 1948 = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1992b: 33).
P. kochi nigrohumeralis Caporiacco, 1948 = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1992b: 33).
P. minas (Keyserling, 1892) = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1992b: 33).
P. moraballii (Hingston, 1932, T from Cyclosa) = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1995b: 209).
P. nordenskioldi (Tullgren, 1905) = P. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) (Levi, 1992b: 41).
P. rivalis (Keyserling, 1892, T from Araneus) = P. rigida (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (Levi, 1992b: 32).
P. rugosa (Badcock, 1932) = P. audax (Blackwall, 1863) (Levi, 1992b: 37).
P. sermonifera (Mello-Leitão, 1932) = P. bistriata (Rengger, 1836) (Levi, 1992b: 41).
P. setosa (Mello-Leitão, 1948) = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1992b: 33).
P. tuberculata (Hingston, 1932, T from Cyclosa) = P. kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) (Levi, 1995b: 209).
Nomina dubia:
P. advena (Petrunkevitch, 1911: 277, sub Araneus, replacement name for Epeira adianta Nicolet, 1849: 488, f, Chile, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. affinitata (Roewer, 1942a: 836, sub Aranea, replacement name for Epeira affinis Nicolet, 1849: 498, f, Chile, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25 as junior S of P. obliterata) -- Levi, 1991a: 180, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. bicaudata (Nicolet, 1849: 510, pl. 5, f. 11, f, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. carenata (Nicolet, 1849: 509, f, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25 sub P. carinata) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. dorsatula (Roewer, 1942a: 841 (replacement name for Epeira dorsalis Nicolet, 1849: 499, f, Chile, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25 as junior S of P. obliterata) -- Levi, 1991a: 180, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. flavifrons (Nicolet, 1849: 507, pl. 5, f. 8, f, Chile, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. immunda (Nicolet, 1849: 519, f, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 26) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Archer, 1963: 26.
P. naevia (Nicolet, 1849: 499, m, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25 as junior S of P. obliterata) -- Levi, 1991a: 180, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. obliterata (Nicolet, 1849: 496, mf, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Archer, 1963: 25) -- Levi, 1991a: 180, contra Archer, 1963: 25.
P. paraopeba (Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 92, f. 10, f, Brazil, T from Araneus by Levi, 1991a: 178) -- Levi, 1992b: 41 (possible S of P. bistriata).
P. ribeiroi (Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 89, f. 11-12, f, Brazil, T from Araneus by Levi, 1991a: 178) -- Levi, 1992b: 37 (possible S of P. audax).
f acapulco Levi, 1992....................Mexico
P. a. Levi, 1992b: 12, f. 9-13 (Df).
mf audax (Blackwall, 1863)....................Colombia to Argentina
Epeira a. Blackwall, 1863a: 29 (Df).
Epeira meridionalis Keyserling, 1865: 810, pl. 19, f. 19-20 (Df).
Epeira amaurophila Holmberg, 1876: 17 (Df).
Epeira coronigera Taczanowski, 1878b: 157, pl. 1, f. 9 (Dmf).
Epeira duodecimtuberculata Bertkau, 1880a: 91, pl. 2, f. 33 (Df).
Epeira a. Keyserling, 1892: 85, pl. 4, f. 64 (f, Dm).
Araneus a. Simon, 1897e: 2.
Araneus coronigerus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 287.
Aranea a. Strand, 1916b: 113.
Aranea eumeniphila Strand, 1916b: 115 (Dmf).
Araneus rugosus Badcock, 1932: 24 (Df).
Verrucosa a. Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 42.
Araneus a. Franganillo, 1936c: 73, f. 32 (m).
P. a. Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 38 (Tmf from Verrucosa).
P. rugosa Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
P. coronigera Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Araneus).
P. a. Levi, 1992b: 36, f. 1-5, 7-8, 136-142 (mf, S).
f barbacoas Levi, 1992....................Colombia, Ecuador
P. b. Levi, 1992b: 14, f. 27-31 (Df).
mf bistriata (Rengger, 1836)....................Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
Epeira b. Rengger, 1836: 131 (Df).
Epeira socialis Rengger, 1836: 131 (Df).
Epeira bicolor C. L. Koch, 1838: 57, f. 374 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1802, sub Aranea).
Araneus socialis Burmeister, 1872: 210 (Df; preoccupied by Rengger, 1836).
Epeira socialis Holmberg, 1874: 156.
Epeira burmeisteri Holmberg, 1876: 17 (Df).
Epeira socialis Simon, 1891d: 10, pl. 1 (f).
Araneus socialis Simon, 1895a: 801.
Araneus nordenskiöldii Tullgren, 1905: 29, pl. 3, f. 9, pl. 4, f. 9 (Dmf).
Araneus bicolor Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282.
Araneus bistriatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 282.
Araneus horizontinus Mello-Leitão, 1917a: 87, f. 9 (Dmf).
Eriophora b. Mello-Leitão, 1932d: 124.
Araneus sermoniferus Mello-Leitão, 1932d: 124 (replacement name for A. socialis).
Aranea bicolorata Roewer, 1942a: 837 (replacement name for Epeira bicolor C. L. Koch).
Eriophora b. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (S).
Eriophora aeronavis Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 241, f. 8 (Df).
P. bicolorata Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Araneus).
P. nordenskjöldii Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tmf from Araneus).
P. sermonifera Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
P. b. Levi, 1992b: 41, f. 150-157 (Tmf from Eriophora, S).
m casa Levi, 1992....................Colombia
P. c. Levi, 1992b: 20, f. 52-53 (Dm).
mf dehaani (Doleschall, 1859)....................India to Philippines, New Guinea
Epeira dehaanii Doleschall, 1859: 33, pl. 2, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira spectabilis Doleschall, 1859: 34, pl. 2, f. 9 (Df).
Epeira caputlupi Doleschall, 1859: 35, pl. 8, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira bogoriensis Doleschall, 1859: 35, pl. 11, f. 7 (Df).
Epeira caputlupi Hasselt, 1877: 52, pl. 4, f. A (f).
Epeira kandarensis Thorell, 1877b: 372 (Df).
Epeira d. Hasselt, 1882: 21.
Epeira submucronata Simon, 1887i: 106 (Df).
Epeira caestata Thorell, 1890a: 122 (Dm).
Araneus caputlupi Pocock, 1897c: 599, pl. 25, f. 8.
Araneus d. Simon, 1899a: 90.
Araneus d. Pocock, 1900a: 225, f. 72 (f).
Araneus submucronatus Simon, 1901k: 59.
A. d. Roewer, 1938: 38, f. 26 (f).
Araneus d. Chrysanthus, 1960: 31, f. 24-31 (f, S).
Araneus dehaanii Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 21, f. 19-21 (f).
P. dehaanii Tikader, 1982a: 212, f. 414-418 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus d. Feng, 1990: 55, f. 30.1-4 (f).
Araneus d. Chen & Gao, 1990: 44, f. 46 (f).
Parawixia d. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 582, f. 362a-e (f).
A. dehaanii Yin et al., 1997: 133, f. 48a-i (mf).
P. d. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 182E-I (mf).
f dehaani octopunctigera (Strand, 1911)....................New Ireland
Aranea dehaanii o. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
f dehaani pygituberculata (Strand, 1911)....................New Ireland, Sulawesi
Aranea dehaanii p. Strand, 1911b: 203 (Df).
f dehaani quadripunctigera (Strand, 1911)....................Aru Is.
Aranea dehaanii q. Strand, 1911d: 151 (Df).
mf destricta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) *....................Mexico to Panama
Epeira d. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 39, pl. 4, f. 13 (Dm, not f).
Epeira d. Keyserling, 1892: 105, pl. 5, f. 78 (m, Df).
P. d. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 488, pl. 46, f. 9-10 (mf).
Araneus destrictus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289.
Wixia d. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tmf from Parawixia).
P. d. Levi, 1992b: 14, f. 19-26 (Tmf from Wixia).
mf divisoria Levi, 1992....................Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
P. d. Levi, 1992b: 28, f. 97-103 (Dmf).
mf guatemalensis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico, Guatemala
Epeira g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 40, pl. 7, f. 7 (Df, not m).
Epeira g. Keyserling, 1892: 112, pl. 6, f. 83a (f, not m).
Epeira merens O. P.-Cambridge, 1899a: 246, pl. 31, f. 2 (Df).
P. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 14 (f).
Araneus g. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 295.
P. g. Levi, 1992b: 16, f. 40-45 (f, Dm).
f honesta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1899)....................Mexico
Epeira h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1899a: 300, pl. 37, f. 6 (Df).
P. h. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 17 (f).
Araneus honestus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297.
P. h. Levi, 1992b: 12, f. 14-18 (f).
f hoxaea (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Panama
Epeira h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 35, pl. 5, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira h. Keyserling, 1892: 87, pl. 4, f. 65 (f).
P. h. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 15 (f).
Araneus hoxaeus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297.
P. h. Levi, 1992b: 26, f. 88-92 (f).
f hyadesi (Simon, 1884)....................Chile
Epeira h. Simon, 1884l: 121, pl. 3, f. 5-6 (Df).
Epeira h. Simon, 1887h: E11, pl. 2, f. 3 (f).
Araneus h. Simon, 1904e: 95.
P. h. Archer, 1963: 26 (Tf from Araneus).
mf hypocrita (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Brazil
Epeira h. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 38, pl. 5, f. 8 (Dm).
Epeira h. Keyserling, 1892: 109, pl. 5, f. 81 (m).
P. h. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 12 (m).
Araneus hypocritus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297.
P. h. Levi, 1992b: 21, f. 56-62 (m, Df).
P. h. Yin & Kim, 1997: 58, f. 1a-e (mf).
mf inopinata Camargo, 1950....................Brazil
P. i. Camargo, 1950b: 233, pl. II, f. 7-9, pl. III, f. 2-3, pl. IV, f. 4 (Dm).
P. i. Levi, 1992b: 22, f. 69-73 (m, Df).
mf kochi (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana
Epeira optuntiae C. L. Koch, 1844: 102, f. 909 (Df, preoccupied).
Epeira kochii Taczanowski, 1873: 134 (Df).
Epeira minas Keyserling, 1892: 95, pl. 5, f. 71 (Dmf).
Araneus k. Simon, 1895a: 775.
Araneus minas Petrunkevitch, 1911: 303.
Turckheimia moraballii Hingston, 1932: 368 (Df).
Turckheimia tuberculata Hingston, 1932: 369 (Df).
P. minas Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 191 (Tmf from Araneus).
P. k. Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Tf from Araneus).
P. k. albozonata Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df).
P. k. maculilatera Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df).
P. k. nigrohumeralis Caporiacco, 1948a: 655 (Df).
Molinaranea setosa Mello-Leitão, 1948: 169, f. 11 (Dm).
Araneus setosus Brignoli, 1983c: 263 (Tm because of erroneous generic synonymy).
P. setosa Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tm from Araneus).
P. k. Levi, 1992b: 33, f. 123-135 (f, Sm).
P. k. Levi, 1995b: 209 (S).
m maldonado Levi, 1992....................Peru
P. m. Levi, 1992b: 32, f. 115-116 (Dm).
m matiapa Levi, 1992....................Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil
P. m. Levi, 1992b: 27, f. 93-94 (Dm).
mf monticola (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Epeira m. Keyserling, 1892: 94, pl. 4, f. 70 (Df).
Araneus m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 304.
Wagneriana m. Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 251 (Tf from Araneus).
P. m. Levi, 1991a: 179 (Tf from Wagneriana).
P. m. Levi, 1992b: 25, f. 81-87 (f, Dm).
mf nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936....................Costa Rica, Panama
P. n. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 52, pl. 16, f. 141-143 (Df).
P. n. Levi, 1992b: 22, f. 63-68 (f, Dm).
f ouro Levi, 1992....................Peru, Brazil
P. o. Levi, 1992b: 30, f. 110-114 (Df).
m porvenir Levi, 1992....................Colombia
P. p. Levi, 1992b: 20, f. 54-55 (Dm).
mf rigida (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Guatemala to Panama
Epeira r. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 36, pl. 5, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira armata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 41, pl. 4, f. 17 (Dm).
Epeira rivalis Keyserling, 1892: 103, pl. 5, f. 76 (Df).
Epeira armata Keyserling, 1892: 107, pl. 5, f. 79 (m).
P. armata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 11 (m).
P. r. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 491, pl. 46, f. 18 (f).
Aranea rivalis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 519.
Araneus armatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 280.
Araneus rigidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
Araneus rivalis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
P. r. Levi, 1992b: 32, f. 117-122 (f, Sm).
mf rimosa (Keyserling, 1892)....................Costa Rica to Bolivia
Epeira r. Keyserling, 1892: 110, pl. 6, f. 82 (Df).
P. hamata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 489, pl. 46, f. 13 (Dm).
Aranea destrictoides Strand, 1908c: 2 (Df).
Araneus destrictoides Petrunkevitch, 1911: 289.
Araneus hodiernus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 297 (replacement name for P. hamata, preoccupied in Araneus).
Araneus rimosus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 312.
P. r. Levi, 1992b: 16, f. 6, 32-39 (f, Sm).
mf tarapoa Levi, 1992....................Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
P. t. Levi, 1992b: 30, f. 104-109 (Dmf).
m tomba Levi, 1992....................Peru, Brazil
P. t. Levi, 1992b: 27, f. 95-96 (Dm).
mf tredecimnotata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles
P. t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 490, pl. 46, f. 16 (Df).
Araneus tredecimnotatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319.
P. cambridgei Bryant, 1940: 342, f. 104-106 (Dmf).
P. t. Levi, 1992b: 18, f. 46-51 (f, Sm).
mf undulata (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
Mahadeva u. Keyserling, 1892: 67, pl. 3, f. 52 (Df).
Araneus undulatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 322.
Verrucosa u. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 195 (Tf from Araneus).
P. u. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tf from Verrucosa).
P. u. Levi, 1992b: 40, f. 143-149 (f, Dm).
mf velutina (Taczanowski, 1878)....................Colombia to Argentina
Epeira v. Taczanowski, 1878b: 159, pl. 1, f. 10 (Df).
Araneus velutinus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323.
Araneus eriophoroides Caporiacco, 1954: 111, f. 29, 29a (Df).
P. eriophoroides Levi, 1991a: 178 (Tf from Araneus).
P. v. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tf from Araneus; Taczanowski's m=Wagneriana jelskii).
P. v. Levi, 1992b: 24, f. 74-80 (f, Dm, S).
m zigzag Mello-Leitão, 1951....................Chile
P. z. Mello-Leitão, 1951: 331, f. 3-4 (Dm).
mf coccinelloides Emerit, 1994 *....................Madagascar
P. c. Emerit, 1994: 159, f. 1-2, 3A-C, 4A-C, pl. IA-G, IIA-D (Dmf).
mf coccinelloides ambrae Emerit, 1994....................Madagascar
P. c. a. Emerit, 1994: 163, f. 5 (Dmf).
mf lens Emerit, 1994....................Madagascar
P. l. Emerit, 1994: 164, f. 6A-C, 7A-B, pl. IIE (Dmf).
f bufoninus (Simon, 1867) *....................Taiwan, Java, Moluccas
Micrathena bufonina Simon, 1867: 20 (Df).
P. b. Simon, 1895a: 881, f. 944.
f capuroni Emerit, 2000....................Madagascar
P. c. Emerit, 2000: 151, f. 8-9 (Df).
f conohumeralis (Hasselt, 1894)....................Sumatra, Java
Cyrtarachne cono-humeralis Hasselt, 1894: 185, pl.4, f. 1-3 (Df).
P. c. Reimoser, 1925: 93.
f insignis O. P.-Cambridge, 1908....................West Africa
P. i. O. P.-Cambridge, 1908b: 824, pl. 50, f. 29-31 (Df).
f kotigeharus Tikader, 1963....................India
P. k. Tikader, 1963c: 96, f. 1 (Df).
P. k. Tikader, 1982a: 156, f. 293-296 (f).
f laevis Lessert, 1930....................Congo
P. l. Lessert, 1930: 661, f. 31-32 (Df).
f lunatus Simon, 1897....................Java, Sulawesi
P. l. Simon, 1895a: 881, f. 945 (f, nomen nudum).
P. l. Simon, 1897b: 466 (Df).
P. l. Merian, 1911: 243.
f mammatus Pocock, 1898....................Solomon Is.
P. m. Pocock, 1898b: 464, pl. 19, f. 4 (Df).
f mammosus (Pocock, 1899)....................West Africa
Aethrodes mammosa Pocock, 1899e: 861, pl. 55, f. 2 (Df).
P. m. Simon, 1903a: 1004.
f nigrohumeralis (Hasselt, 1882)....................Sumatra
Cyrtarachne n. Hasselt, 1882: 17, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
P. nigro-humeralis Simon, 1895a: 879.
In synonymy:
P. bispinosa (Keyserling, 1865) = P. australasia (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) (Goodwin, 1961: 74).
P. setosa (Keyserling, 1886, T from Cyrtarachne) = P. australasia (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) (Goodwin, 1961: 74).
mf australasia (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) *....................Queensland, New South Wales, Samoa
Epeira a. Griffith & Pidgeon, in Griffith, 1833: pl. 3, f. 1 (Df).
Cyrtogaster bispinosa Keyserling, 1865: 802, pl. 19, f. 10-11 (Df).
Cyrtarachne bispinosa L. Koch, 1871: 16.
Cyrtarachne setosa Keyserling, 1886a: 98, pl. 7, f. 5 (Df).
P. bispinosa Simon, 1895a: 880, f. 942 (f).
P. a. Goodwin, 1961: 74, f. 1a-b, 2a-c (Tf from Araneus, where specific name was attributed to Walckenaer, 1842 and listed as "nicht zu deuten!" under Epeira by Roewer, Dm, S).
P. a. Davies, 1988b: 320, f. 39 (mf).
f jenningsi (Rainbow, 1899)....................New Hebrides
Eunesiotes j. Rainbow, 1899b: 310, pl. 24, f. 3 (Df).
P. j. Simon, 1903a: 1003.
m minutissima Chrysanthus, 1971....................New Ireland
P. m. Chrysanthus, 1971: 36, f. 69-70 (Dm).
f speciosa (L. Koch, 1872)....................Queensland
Cyrtarachne s. L. Koch, 1872a: 202, pl. 18, f. 3 (Df).
P. s. Simon, 1895a: 880.
f verrucosa (L. Koch, 1871)....................New Guinea, Queensland, Samoa
Cyrtarachne v. L. Koch, 1871: 16, pl. 2, f. 1 (Df).
P. v. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 209, f. 63-67 (f).
j apiculatus Thorell, 1892....................Singapore
P. a. Thorell, 1892a: 228 (Dj).
f baculiger Simon, 1907....................Gabon
P. b. Simon, 1907d: 306 (Df).
f bhabanii (Tikader, 1970)....................India
Caerostris bhabanii Tikader, 1970: 34, f. 21a-c (Df).
P. b. Tikader, 1982a: 167, f. 316-320 (Tf from Caerostris).
f bhavnagarensis Patel, 1988....................India
P. b. Patel, 1988b: 1192, f. 1a-e (Df).
j bimaculatus Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland, New South Wales
P. b. Keyserling, 1886a: 131, pl. 10, f. 4 (Dj).
f caelatus Simon, 1907....................Sierra Leone, Gabon, São Tomé
P. c. Simon, 1907d: 306 (Df).
f columnaris Thorell, 1890....................Sri Lanka, Sumatra
P. c. Thorell, 1890a: 87 (Df).
f coronatus Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland
P. c. Keyserling, 1886a: 128, pl. 10, f. 2 (Df).
f corticosus Pocock, 1898....................East Africa
P. c. Pocock, 1898g: 513, pl. 42, f. 12 (Df).
f dromedarius (Bradley, 1876)....................New Guinea
Rhyncharachne dromedaria Bradley, 1876c: 240, pl. 2, f. 3 (Df; N.B.: spelling from legend).
f dubius (Walckenaer, 1842)....................Vietnam
Plectana dubia Walckenaer, 1842: 198 (Df).
P. d. Simon, 1886a: 152.
f elevatus Thorell, 1890....................Sumatra
P. e. Thorell, 1890a: 82 (Df).
f fornicatus Simon, 1907....................Principe
P. f. Simon, 1907d: 305 (Df).
f frenchi Hogg, 1899....................Queensland
P. f. Hogg, 1899: 143, pl. 13, f. 2 (Df).
f furcifer Simon, 1881....................Zanzibar, South Africa
P. f. Simon, 1881e: 4 (Df).
P. bimaculatus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899b: 521, pl. 29, f. 4 (Df; preoccupied).
f horridus Locket, 1980....................Comoro Is.
P. h. Locket, 1980: 123, f. 32-36 (Df).
mf idae (Ausserer, 1871)....................Borneo
Mastigosoma i. Ausserer, 1871b: 817, pl. 5, f. 1-3 (Df).
P. ideae Simon, 1895a: 889, f. 955-957 (f, Dm).
f illepidus C. L. Koch, 1843 *....................India to Philippines, Australia
P. i. C. L. Koch, 1843: 97, f. 821 (Df).
Pleuromma moluccum Doleschall, 1859: 45, pl. 7, f. 1 (Df).
P. moluccum Thorell, 1878b: 28.
P. i. Simon, 1895a: 892.
P. i. Pocock, 1900a: 236.
P. i. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 211, f. 70-73 (f).
P. i. Davies, 1988b: 316, f. 34 (f, Dm).
P. i. Chikuni, 1989b: 81, f. 55 (mf).
P. i. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 579, f. 359a-h, 360a-f (f).
j keyserlingi Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland
P. k. Keyserling, 1886a: 129, pl. 10, f. 3 (Dj).
f kochi Keyserling, 1864....................Mauritius, Madagascar
P. k. Keyserling, 1864: 84, pl. 3, f. 1-5 (Df).
P. madagascariensis Lenz, 1886: 387 (Df).
P. k. Simon, 1889b: 225.
f laciniosus Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland
P. l. Keyserling, 1886a: 123, pl. 9, f. 7 (Df).
f longitergus Hogg, 1919....................Sumatra
P. longiterga Hogg, 1919: 95, pl. 10, f. 7 (Df).
f mammeatus Keyserling, 1886....................Queensland
P. m. Keyserling, 1886a: 125, pl. 10, f. 1 (Df).
f microtuberculatus Rainbow, 1916....................Queensland
P. m. Rainbow, 1916a: 118, pl. 22, f. 44 (Df).
f monstrosus Simon, 1897....................Sierra Leone
P. m. Simon, 1897b: 480 (Df).
f mouhoti (Günther, 1862)....................Vietnam
Cyphagogus mouhotii Günther, 1862: 2, pl. 8, f. A (Df).
Cyphonethis m. Thorell, 1869: 37.
P. m. Simon, 1895a: 892.
f multituberculatus Rainbow, 1898....................Queensland
P. m. Rainbow, 1898b: 82, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
P. m. Rainbow, 1916a: 118, pl. 22, f. 43 (f).
f nagpurensis Tikader, 1982....................India
P. n. Tikader, 1982a: 169, f. 321-325 (Df).
f nigrinus Saito, 1933....................Taiwan
P. n. Saito, 1933b: 49, pl. 3, f. 29 (Df).
P. n. Saito, 1959: 102, f. 123a-e (f).
P. n. Lee, 1966: 54, f. 18h-l (f).
P. n. Yin et al., 1997: 389, f. 281a-e (f).
P. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 302, f. 182L-P (f).
f pannuceus Thorell, 1895....................Myanmar
P. p. Thorell, 1895: 167 (Df).
f papuensis (Bradley, 1876)....................New Guinea
Gerrosoma papense Bradley, 1876b: 223, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df; N.B.: spelled papuense in legend).
P. p. Simon, 1895a: 893.
f penicillatus Rainbow, 1920....................Lord Howe Is.
P. p. Rainbow, 1920b: 249, pl. 29, f. 57 (Df).
j pogonias Thorell, 1891....................Nicobar Is.
P. p. Thorell, 1891: 54 (Dj).
f raphanus Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
P. r. Thorell, 1898: 348 (Df).
f reuteri Lenz, 1886....................Madagascar
P. r. Lenz, 1886: 386 (Df).
f salebrosus Rainbow, 1904....................Western Australia
P. s. Rainbow, 1904a: 104, f. 28-29 (Df).
f sigillatus Chrysanthus, 1961....................New Guinea
P. s. Chrysanthus, 1961b: 211, f. 74-77 (Df).
f squarrosus Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
P. s. Thorell, 1898: 350 (Df).
f stygius Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
P. s. Thorell, 1898: 344 (Df).
f turriger Simon, 1897....................Vietnam
P. t. Simon, 1897b: 480 (Df).
P. t. Simon, 1904b: 282, pl. 16, f. 6 (f).
f turritus Thorell, 1898....................Myanmar
P. t. Thorell, 1898: 347 (Df).
j unguifer Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
P. u. Simon, 1909e: 117 (Dj).
j vesicularis Simon, 1889....................Madagascar
P. v. Simon, 1889b: 225 (Dj).
Nomina dubia:
P. cornuta Schenkel, 1953a: 25, f. 23a-d (Dj, Venezuela) -- Levi, 1993b: 62.
P. granadensis (Mello-Leitão, 1941a: 118, f, Colombia, T from Kaira) -- Levi, 1993b: 62.
f bacillifera (Simon, 1897)....................Trinidad to Paraguay
Araneus bacillifer Simon, 1895a: 819, f. 870 (nomen nudum).
Araneus bacillifer Simon, 1897b: 475 (Df).
Aranea b. Strand, 1916b: 110.
P. b. Levi, 1993b: 60, f. 11-14 (Tf from Wixia).
f dromedaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893)....................Mexico to Panama
Kaira d. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 115, pl. 14, f. 9 (Df).
Kaira d. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 522, pl. 51, f. 11 (f).
P. d. Levi, 1993b: 60, f. 7-10 (Tf from Kaira).
mf nigroventris (Bryant, 1936)....................Mexico to Panama, Cuba, Jamaica
Wixia n. Bryant, 1936b: 329, pl. 23, f. 10 (Dj).
Wixia nigriventris Bryant, 1940: 346, f. 113 (Dm).
P. n. Levi, 1993b: 62, f. 15-26 (Tj from Wixia, Dmf).
In synonymy:
P. africana (Simon, 1903, T from Spilasma) = P. seriata Simon, 1895 (Grasshoff, 1970b: 214).
P. spillmanni (Lessert, 1933, T from Zilla) = P. nigrotaeniata (Simon, 1909) (Grasshoff, 1971b: 305).
j affinis Strand, 1906....................Algeria
P. a. Strand, 1906b: 619 (Dj).
mf albolimbata Simon, 1895 *....................Congo, Madagascar
P. a. Simon, 1895a: 794 (Df).
P. a. Grasshoff, 1971b: 299, f. 52c, 53a-f (Simon's f is juvenile, Dmf).
mf anarillea Roberts, 1983....................Aldabra
P. a. Roberts, 1983: 263, f. 162-176 (Dmf).
f hamata Thorell, 1899....................Cameroon
P. h. Thorell, 1899: 41 (Df).
f insolens (Simon, 1909)....................India, Vietnam, Java
Mangora i. Simon, 1909e: 104 (Df).
P. i. Grasshoff, 1971b: 304, f. 50b-c, 52a, 59a-e (Tf from Mangora).
mf nigrotaeniata (Simon, 1909)....................West, Central, East Africa
Mangora n. Simon, 1909c: 40 (Df).
Zilla spillmanni Caporiacco, 1947d: 159 (Tmf from Mangora).
Mangora spillmanni Lessert, 1933: 111, f. 25-27 (Dmf).
P. n. Grasshoff, 1971b: 305, f. 50a, 51a, 52e-f, 60a-e (Tf from Mangora, Sm).
j olivacea Strand, 1906....................Ethiopia
P. o. Strand, 1906b: 619 (Dj).
f opaciceps (Simon, 1895)....................New Guinea
Lobetina o. Simon, 1895a: 795 (Df).
Lobetina o. Simon, 1897b: 477 (Df).
P. o. Grasshoff, 1971b: 300, f. 52b, 55a-b (f).
f plagiata (Dalmas, 1917)....................New Zealand
Lobetina p. Dalmas, 1917a: 378 (Df).
f seriata Simon, 1895....................Africa, Madagascar
P. s. Simon, 1895a: 794 (Df).
Spilasma africana Simon, 1903e: 87 (Df).
P. s. Grasshoff, 1970b: 214, f. 1e (S).
P. s. Grasshoff, 1971b: 301, f. 49a-b, 50d-f, 51b-c, 52d, 56a-b, 57a-f (f, Dm, S).
m cavipalpis Grasshoff, 1971 *....................Madagascar
P. c. Grasshoff, 1971b: 307, f. 62a-c (Dm).
m marsa Roberts, 1983....................Aldabra
P. m. Roberts, 1983: 267, f. 177-182 (Dm).
Transferred to other genera:
P. laevisternis Simon, 1909 -- see Hypsosinga.
P. taprobanicus Simon, 1895 -- see Hypsosinga.
P. tetraspinulus Yin et al., 1990 -- see Araneus.
f affinis Simon, 1901....................Malaysia
P. a. Simon, 1901k: 61 (Df).
mf beatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893)....................Mexico to Costa Rica
Paphlagon beatus O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 117, pl. 14, f. 10 (f).
P. b. Levi, 1995b: 172, f. 66-70 (removed f from S of P. tuberculifer, Dm).
f colon Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica
P. c. Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 88-92 (Df).
mf felipe Levi, 1995....................Mexico
P. f. Levi, 1995b: 176, f. 75-78 (Dmf).
mf golfito Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica
P. g. Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 93-97 (Dmf).
mf intus Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica to Brazil
P. i. Levi, 1995b: 180, f. 53-54, 56, 58-61, 64-65, 103-111 (Dmf).
f lancetilla Levi, 1995....................Honduras
P. l. Levi, 1995b: 176, f. 79-82 (Df).
mf minutus (Saito, 1939)....................Russia, China, Korea, Japan
Wixia minuta Saito, 1939: 13, f. 3.1, pl. 1, f. 20 (Df).
Wixia minuta Saito, 1959: 102, f. 124a-b (f).
Wixia minuta Yaginuma, 1960: 58, f. 55 (f).
Wixia minuta Namkung, 1964: 40, f. 30 (f).
P. m. Yaginuma, 1965a: 26, f. 1.5 (Tf from Wixia).
P. m. Yaginuma, 1971: 58, f. 55 (f).
P. m. Zhu et al., 1985: 85, f. 74a-c (f).
P. m. Yaginuma, 1986a: 108, f. 57.5 (Dm).
P. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 77, f. 43 (mf).
f nigripes Caporiacco, 1947....................Guyana
P. n. Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Dmf).
P. n. Caporiacco, 1948a: 662, f. 71-73 (mf).
P. n. Levi, 1985: 542 (designated f lectotype; m=Micrathena acuta).
P. n. Levi, 1995b: 184, f. 127-130 (f).
mf pance Levi, 1995....................Colombia
P. p. Levi, 1995b: 182, f. 122-126 (Dmf).
mf peje Levi, 1995....................Costa Rica, Panama
P. p. Levi, 1995b: 177, f. 83-87 (Dmf).
mf quintana Levi, 1995....................Mexico
P. tuberculifer O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 281, pl. 36, f. 13 (m, misidentified).
P. q. Levi, 1995b: 174, f. 71-74 (Dmf).
mf shanus Levi, 1995....................Panama
P. s. Levi, 1995b: 181, f. 112-116 (Dmf).
f tetralobus Simon, 1895....................Madagascar
P. t. Simon, 1895a: 863 (Df).
mf tuberculifer Keyserling, 1881 *....................Colombia to Argentina
P. t. Keyserling, 1881b: 548, pl. 16, f. 1 (Dmf).
P. t. Keyserling, 1892: 35, pl. 2, f. 31 (mf).
P. t. Simon, 1895a: 863, f. 922-924 (mf).
P. t. Yaginuma, 1965a: 29, f. 1.3 (m).
P. t. Levi, 1995b: 184, f. 57, 62, 131-139 (mf).
mf valle Levi, 1995....................Colombia
P. v. Levi, 1995b: 182, f. 117-121 (Dmf).
mf wixoides (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936)....................Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
Zigana w. Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 53, pl. 16, f. 137, 139 (Df).
P. w. Levi, 1995b: 178, f. 55, 98-102 (f, Dm).
f lobata Simon, 1909....................East Africa
P. l. Simon, 1909c: 40 (f).
f occidentalis Simon, 1903 *....................Guinea-Bissau, Cameroon
P. o. Simon, 1903a: 1007 (Df).
f semicoccinea Simon, 1907....................São Tomé
P. s. Simon, 1907d: 307 (Df).
f nitida Thorell, 1899 *....................Cameroon, Congo
P. n. Thorell, 1899: 40 (Df).
P. n. Grasshoff, 1971b: 308, f. 63a-f (f).
f echinotes Meise, 1932....................Cameroon
P. e. Meise, 1932: 77, f. 4 (Df).
m fuscosa Simon, 1903....................Madagascar
P. f. Simon, 1903b: 139 (Df).
f tribulus (Fabricius, 1781) *....................Central, South Africa
Aranea t. Fabricius, 1781: 547 (Df).
P. meadii Blackwall, 1865b: 351 (Df).
Daturina hystrix Thorell, 1877a: 302, unnumbered f. (Df).
P. t. Simon, 1895a: 894, f. 958.
In synonymy:
R. riscoi (Archer, 1971, T from Actinosoma) = R. rubronigra (Mello-Leitão, 1939) (Levi, 1976: 358, sub Alpaida).
f rubronigra (Mello-Leitão, 1939) *....................Mexico to Brazil, Guyana
Verrucosa r. Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 110, f. 13 (Df).
Actinosoma riscoi Archer, 1971: 158, f. 3-4 (Df).
Alpaida r. Levi, 1976: 358 (Tj from Verrucosa, Sf).
R. r. Levi, 1992a: 262, f. 18-22 (Tf from Alpaida).
f ackerlyi Traw, 1996....................Belize
S. a. Traw, 1996: 70, f. 35-41 (Df).
mf cordatus (Taczanowski, 1879) *....................Mexico to Argentina
Hypophthalma cordata Taczanowski, 1879: 129, pl. 2, f. 40 (Df).
Hypophthalma eresimorpha Taczanowski, 1879: 130, pl. 2, f. 41 (Dm).
S. c. Simon, 1887d: 187.
Carepalxis americana O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 49, pl. 4, f. 8 (m, misidentified).
Carepalxis americana Keyserling, 1892: 51, pl. 2, f. 41 (mf, misidentified).
Carepalxis normalis Keyserling, 1892: 53, pl. 2, f. 42 (Df).
S. c. Simon, 1895a: 829, f. 873.
S. eresimorphus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 386.
S. normalis Mello-Leitão, 1947c: 14 (Tf from Carepalxis).
S. c. Levi, 1992a: 254 (S).
S. c. Traw, 1996: 56, f. 1-8 (mf, S).
mf gibber (O. P.-Cambridge, 1898)....................Mexico to Argentina
S. g. O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 282, pl. 36, f. 4 (Dmf).
S. g. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 521, pl. 51, f. 8 (f).
S. birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1945b: 242 (Df).
S. intermedius Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 13, f. 14-17 (Df).
S. g. Traw, 1996: 61, f. 9-17 (removed mf from S of S. cordatus, contra Levi, 1976: 386, S).
mf nigriceps (O. P.-Cambridge, 1895)....................USA, Mexico, Bahama Is., Cuba, Jamaica
Carepalxis n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895a: 158, pl. 19, f. 9 (Df).
S. nigriceps F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 521, pl. 51, f. 7 (f).
S. cordatus Levi, 1976: 386, f. 126-136 (f, misidentified).
S. n. Traw, 1996: 64, f. 18-26 (removed f from S of S. cordatus, contra Levi, 1976: 386, Dm).
m soaresi Mello-Leitão, 1945....................Brazil
S. s. Mello-Leitão, 1945c: 172, f. 2 (Dm).
mf tuberculifer (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................USA to Argentina
Carepalxis tuberculifera O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 48, pl. 4, f. 9 (Df).
Carepalxis americana O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 49, pl. 4, f. 9 (Df, not m, =S. cordatus).
Carepalxis t. Keyserling, 1892: 50, pl. 2, f. 40 (f).
Carepalxis t. McCook, 1894: 207, pl. 13, f. 6 (f).
S. americanus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 521, pl. 51, f. 6 (f).
S. t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 386.
S. hybus Chamberlin, 1916: 260, pl. 19, f. 9-10 (Df).
S. tuberculiferus Archer, 1941b: 15, pl. II, f. 4-5 (Dm).
S. nigrocellatus Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 14, f. 18-21, pl. I (Df).
S. t. Traw, 1996: 67, f. 27-34 (removed f from S of S. cordatus, contra Levi, 1992a: 254, Sm).
mf ferox Simon, 1894 *....................West Africa
S. f. Simon, 1894a: 531, f. 536 (Djj).
S. f. Ledoux, 1985: 72, f. 1-13 (Dmf).
S. f. Brignoli, 1986c: 133, f. 1 (f).
In synonymy:
S. campestris Emerton, 1915 = S. keyserlingi McCook, 1894 (Levi, 1972a: 232).
S. decora (Simon, 1891) = S. neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) (Levy, 1984: 124).
S. hamata (Olivier, 1789) = S. hamata (Clerck, 1757) (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
S. pollocki (Denis, 1956, T from Lithyphantes=Steatoda) = S. neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) (Levy, 1984: 124).
S. septemguttata (Simon, 1873, T from Steatoda) = S. neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) (Levy, 1984: 124).
Nomina dubia:
S. moesta Banks, 1898b: 256, pl. 15, f. 3 (f, Mexico, renamed as Araneus metuens by Petrunkevitch, 1911: 302) -- Levi, 1972a: 231.
S. tremens Holmberg, 1876: 16 (f, Argentina) -- Levi, 1972a: 231.
S. vittata Taczanowski, 1873: 128 (f, French Guiana, listed in Araneus by Petrunkevitch, 1911: 324) -- Levi, 1972a: 231.
f albobivittata Caporiacco, 1947....................Tanzania
S. a. Caporiacco, 1947d: 164, f. 24 (Df).
f albodorsata Kauri, 1950....................South Africa
S. a. Kauri, 1950: 11, f. 8a-c (Df).
mf alpigena Yin, Wang & Li, 1983....................China
S. a. Yin, Wang & Li, 1983: 374, f. 1-7, 9 (Dmf).
S. a. Song, 1987: 175, f. 135 (mf).
S. a. Yin et al., 1997: 390, f. 282a-h (mf).
S. a. Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1717, f. 20a-c (f).
S. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183E-F, K-L, 185J (mf).
m alpigenoides Song & Zhu, 1992....................China
S. a. Song & Zhu, 1992c: 171, f. 8A-B (Dm).
S. a. Song & Li, 1997: 415, f. 20A-B (m).
S. a. Yin et al., 1997: 391, f. 283a-d (m).
S. a. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183M-N (m).
mf aussereri Thorell, 1873....................Europe
S. a. Thorell, 1873: 456 (D).
S. rufula Simon, 1874a: 131, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
S. sanguinea Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 135, pl. 5, f. 29 (mf, misidentified).
S. rufula Becker, 1896: 48, pl. 10, f. 3 (f, Dm).
Araneus rufulus Simon, 1929: 703, 705, 767, f. 1099-1101 (mf).
f bifasciata Schenkel, 1936....................China
S. b. Schenkel, 1936b: 118, f. 41 (Df).
f chota Tikader, 1970....................India
S. c. Tikader, 1970: 35, f. 22a-b (Df).
S. c. Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 43, f. 70-71 (f).
jj concinna Karsch, 1884....................São Tomé
S. c. Karsch, 1884a: 66 (Djj).
mf cruciformis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994....................China
S. c. Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994: 109, f. 27-31 (Dmf).
S. c. Yin et al., 1997: 392, f. 284a-e (mf).
S. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183G-H, O-P, 185K (mf).
f cyanea (Worley, 1928)....................USA
Lithyphantes cyaneus Worley, 1928: 621, f. 5-6 (Df).
S. c. Levi, 1957b: 376 (Tf from Lithyphantes=Steatoda).
mf eugeni Levi, 1972....................USA
S. rubella Keyserling, 1893: 284, pl. 14, f. 209 (f, misidentified).
S. e. Levi, 1972a: 236, f. 25-34 (Dmf).
f haddooensis Tikader, 1977....................Andaman Is.
S. h. Tikader, 1977a: 183, f. 13A-B (Df).
mf hamata (Clerck, 1757) *....................Palearctic
Araneus hamatus Clerck, 1757: 51, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
Aranea h. Olivier, 1789: 210.
Aranea tubulosa Walckenaer, 1802: 200 (D).
Epeira tubulosa Walckenaer, 1805: 62.
S. h. C. L. Koch, 1836a: 42, f. 197-198 (f, Dm).
Epeira tubulosa Walckenaer, 1842: 86 (Dmf).
S. serrulata C. L. Koch, 1844: 153 (D).
Zilla h. Thorell, 1856: 107.
Epeira tubulosa Blackwall, 1864a: 364, pl. 28, f. 262 (mf).
S. h. Menge, 1866: 82, pl. 13, f. 22 (mf).
S. h. Hansen, 1882: 22, pl. 1, f. 38 (mf).
S. h. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 24 (mf).
S. h. Becker, 1896: 43, pl. 9, f. 4 (mf).
S. h. Bösenberg, 1901: 49, pl. 3, f. 41 (mf).
Araneus hamatus Lessert, 1910b: 333.
Aranea h. Reimoser, 1932: 12, f. 3 (mf).
Araneus hamatus Simon, 1929: 701, 765, f. 1093 (mf).
S. h. Wiehle, 1931: 42, f. 54-57 (mf).
S. h. Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 10 (mf).
S. h. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 157, f. 102B, 103C, 105C (mf).
S. h. Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 57 (f).
S. h. Zamaraev, 1964: 353, f. 21, 23-25 (mf).
S. h. Yaginuma, 1965b: 363, f. 3.1 (f).
S. h. Azheganova, 1968: 90, f. 179-180, 194 (mf).
S. h. Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 3-5 (mf).
S. h. Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 57 (f).
S. h. Tyschchenko, 1971: 193, f. 559, 562 (mf).
S. h. Loksa, 1972: 99, f. 90, 91C-E (mf).
S. h. Levi, 1972a: 232, f. 1-8 (mf).
S. h. Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 18-19, 22-23 (mf).
S. h. Palmgren, 1974a: 8, f. 3a-c (mf).
S. h. Yin, 1978: 7, f. 17A-C (f).
S. h. Paik & Namkung, 1979: 47, f. 30.1-2 (mf).
S. h. Song, 1980: 109, f. 54a-c (f).
S. h. Yin, Wang & Li, 1983: 376, f. 8, 10 (m).
S. h. Levy, 1984: 122, f. 9-10 (f).
S. h. Hu, 1984: 129, f. 130.1-3 (mf).
S. h. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 99a (mf).
S. h. Guo, 1985: 71, f. 2-24.1-3 (mf).
S. h. Zhu et al., 1985: 86, f. 75a-e (mf).
S. h. Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.1 (f).
S. h. Song, 1987: 176, f. 136 (mf).
S. h. Zhang, 1987: 88, f. 72.1-5 (mf).
S. h. Chikuni, 1989b: 76, f. 41 (mf).
S. h. Hu & Wu, 1989: 107, f. 82.1-3 (mf).
S. h. Feng, 1990: 98, f. 73.1-3 (mf).
S. h. Chen & Gao, 1990: 71, f. 89a-b (mf).
S. h. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 108, f. 101.1-3 (mf).
S. h. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 201 (mf).
S. h. Zhao, 1993: 259, f. 121a-c (mf).
S. h. Roberts, 1995: 332, f. (mf).
S. h. Mcheidze, 1997: 259, f. 577-579 (mf).
S. h. Yin et al., 1997: 393, f. 285a-f (mf).
S. h. Roberts, 1998: 345, f. (mf).
S. h. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 183I-J, 184A-B (mf).
mf hamata melanocephala C. L. Koch, 1836....................Europe
S. m. C. L. Koch, 1836a: 44, f. 199 (Dm).
Epeira m. Westring, 1851: 36.
S. m. Westring, 1861: 61 (Df).
Araneus h. melanocephalus Simon, 1929: 702, 765.
f hilira Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
S. h. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 610, f. 382a-g (Df).
j kansuensis Schenkel, 1936....................China
S. k. Schenkel, 1936b: 116 (Dj).
mf keyserlingi McCook, 1894....................USA, Canada
S. k. McCook, 1894: 230, pl. 19, f. 2 (Df).
S. campestris Emerton, 1915b: 153, pl. 3, f. 3 (Dm).
S. k. Levi, 1972a: 232, f. 9-24 (removed f from S of S. pratensis per Roewer, Sm).
f lawrencei (Lessert, 1930)....................Congo
Araneus (S.) l. Lessert, 1930: 658, f. 30 (Df).
f leucoplagiata (Simon, 1899)....................Sumatra
Araneus (S.) leucoplagiatus Simon, 1899a: 90 (Df).
mf lucina (Audouin, 1826)....................Mediterranean to Central Asia
Epeira l. Audouin, 1826: 345, pl. 3, f. 4 (Df).
S. l. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 23 (f).
Araneus l. Simon, 1929: 701, 766, f. 1095, 1097 (f, Dm).
S. l. Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 12 (f).
S. l. Loksa, 1972: 98, f. 91A-B (f).
S. l. Levy, 1984: 122, f. 1-8 (f).
S. l. Levy, 1991: 231, f. 13-17 (m).
mf lucina eburnea (Simon, 1929)....................Algeria, Tunisia
Araneus l. e. Simon, 1929: 701 (Dmf).
f myrrhea (Simon, 1895)....................India
Araneus myrrheus Simon, 1895a: 824 (Df).
S. m. Roewer, 1942a: 876.
mf neta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)....................Mediterranean
Epeira n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 298 (Dmf).
Lithyphantes septemguttatus Simon, 1873a: 268 (Df).
Cercidia decora Simon, 1891b: 198 (Df).
Araneus decorus Simon, 1929: 701, 705, 766 (Dm).
Lithyphantes pollocki Denis, 1956b: 277, f. 2-4 (Df).
Steatoda pollocki Brignoli, 1983c: 412.
S. n. Levy, 1984: 124, f. 26-41 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
Hypsosinga decora Morano & Ferrández, 1986: 174, f. 5-8 (f).
mf nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844....................Palearctic
Epeira tubulosa Hahn, 1831a: 10, f. 6 (mf, misidentified).
S. n. C. L. Koch, 1844: 149, f. 946-947 (mf).
S. n. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 134, pl. 5, f. 25 (mf).
S. n. Bösenberg, 1901: 50, pl. 3, f. 42 (mf).
Araneus n. Lessert, 1910b: 334.
Araneus n. Simon, 1929: 702, 765, f. 1094, 1098 (mf).
S. n. Wiehle, 1931: 44, f. 58-61 (mf).
S. n. Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 11 (mf).
S. n. Tullgren, 1952: 162, f. 7a-c (mf).
S. n. Beer, 1964: 529, f. 11 (f).
S. n. Zamaraev, 1964: 353, f. 26-27 (f).
S. n. Azheganova, 1968: 90, f. 181, 195 (mf).
S. n. Tyschchenko, 1971: 193, f. 560, 563 (mf).
S. n. Loksa, 1972: 99, f. 91F-H (mf).
S. n. Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 20-21, 25 (mf).
S. n. Palmgren, 1974a: 10, f. 3d-g (mf).
S. n. Levy, 1984: 122, f. 11-12 (f).
S. n. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 202 (mf).
S. n. Thaler, 1991b: 54, f. 36-41 (mf).
S. n. Roberts, 1995: 333, f. (mf).
S. n. Mcheidze, 1997: 259, f. 575-576 (mf).
S. n. Roberts, 1998: 345, f. (mf).
f perpolita (Thorell, 1892)....................Singapore
Epeira p. Thorell, 1892a: 237 (Df).
Epeira p. Workman, 1896: 46, pl. 46 (f).
S. p. Roewer, 1942a: 876.
mf phragmiteti Nemenz, 1956....................Austria
S. p. Nemenz, 1956: 60, f. 1-3 (Dm).
S. p. Nemenz & Pühringer, 1973: 101, f. 1-10 (m, Df).
S. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 203 (mf).
f scabristernis Kulczyn'ski, 1887....................Austria
S. s. Kulczyn'ski, 1887: 306, pl. 5, f. 15 (Df).
mf semiatra L. Koch, 1867....................Mediterranean, Ukraine
S. s. L. Koch, 1867c: 860 (Dm).
S. s. Simon, 1929: 700, 766, f. 1096 (f, Dm).
S. s. Drensky, 1943: 231, f. 12 (f).
S. s. Levy, 1984: 124, f. 13-25 (mf).
S. s. Izmailova, 1989: 64, f. 45 (f).
f simoniana Costa, 1885....................Sardinia
S. s. Costa, 1885: 255 (Df).
f theodori (Thorell, 1894)....................Java
Epeira (S.) t. Thorell, 1894a: 46 (Df).
In synonymy:
S. ovata (Denis, 1947, T from Larinia) = S. atomaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) (Grasshoff, 1970b: 217).
mf atomaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) *....................Egypt, Israel
Epeira a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1876b: 577, pl. 59, f. 9 (Dmf).
Larinia a. Roewer, 1942a: 768.
Larinia ovata Denis, 1947a: 47, pl. II, f. 7-9 (Dmf).
S. a. Grasshoff, 1970b: 217 (Tmf from Larinia, S).
S. a. Grasshoff, 1970c: 409, f. 18a-f (mf).
S. a. Levy, 1986: 3, f. 1-9 (mf).
mf dufouri (Simon, 1874)....................Western Mediterranean
Larinia d. Simon, 1874a: 116, pl. 2, f. 5-6 (Df).
Araneus d. Simon, 1929: 692, 762, f. 1070b, 1071b (f, Dm).
Araneus d. Grasshoff, 1970b: 218 (Tmf from Larinia).
S. d. Levy, 1986: 3, f. 10-17 (Tmf from Araneus).
S. d. Melic, 2000c: 59, f. 1-3 (f).
In synonymy:
S. artifex Simon, 1895 = S. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1995b: 187).
S. coccineum Caporiacco, 1955 = S. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1995b: 187).
S. davisi (Hingston, 1932, removed from S of Cyrtophora guyanensis) = S. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1995b: 187).
S. lamentaria (Keyserling, 1883, T from Araneus) = S. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1995b: 187).
S. tredecimguttata Simon, 1895 = S. duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) (Levi, 1995b: 187).
Nomen nudum:
S. richei Lopez, 1985 -- Levi, 1995b: 187.
f baptistai Levi, 1995....................Brazil
S. b. Levi, 1995b: 190, f. 156-159 (Df).
mf duodecimguttata (Keyserling, 1879) *....................Honduras to Bolivia, Brazil
Singa d. Keyserling, 1879: 302, pl. 4, f. 6 (Df).
Epeira lamentaria Keyserling, 1883a: 199, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
Epeira lamentaria Keyserling, 1892: 174, pl. 8, f. 128 (f).
Singa d. Keyserling, 1893: 286, pl. 14, f. 211 (f).
S. 13-guttata Simon, 1895a: 789, f. 856, 857 (nomen nudum).
S. artifex Simon, 1895a: 794 (nomen nudum).
S. tredecimguttata Simon, 1897b: 476 (Df).
S. artifex Simon, 1897b: 477 (Df).
Araneus duodecimguttatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 290.
Araneus lamentarius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 299.
Epeira davisi Hingston, 1932: 365 (Df).
S. coccineum Caporiacco, 1955: 344, f. 29a-b (Dm).
Alpaida d. Levi, 1972a: 231 (Tf from Singa).
S. d. Levi, 1995b: 187, f. 140-155 (Tf from Alpaida, Sm).
m utaca Levi, 1995....................Peru
S. u. Levi, 1995b: 190, f. 160-161 (Dm).
f schlingeri Levi, 1995 *....................Peru
S. s. Levi, 1995b: 161, f. 13-20 (Df).
f rhomboidalis Simon, 1893 *....................Paraguay
S. r. Simon, 1893d: 326 (Df).
f viridis Franganillo, 1926....................Cuba
Spintaridius f. Franganillo, 1926a: 56 (Df).
f mirabilis Simon, 1897....................Bolivia, Brazil
T. m. Simon, 1895a: 898, f. 964-965 (nomen nudum).
T. m. Simon, 1897b: 481 (Df).
T. pulchra Soares, 1944a: 154, f. 1 (Df).
T. m. Levi, 1996a: 188, f. 1-8 (f, S).
f sextuberculata Keyserling, 1892....................Colombia, Brazil
T. 6-tuberculata Keyserling, 1892: 60, pl. 3, f. 47 (Df).
T. s. Levi, 1996a: 188, f. 9-12, 21-22, pl. 1.A-D (f).
mf striata Keyserling, 1879 *....................Peru, Brazil, Argentina
T. s. Keyserling, 1879: 298, pl. 4, f. 3 (Df).
T. s. Keyserling, 1892: 59, pl. 3. f. 46 (f).
T. penicillata Simon, 1897b: 482 (Df).
T. s. Levi, 1996a: 189, f. 13-19 (f, Dm, S).
f trilobata Simon, 1897....................Brazil
T. t. Simon, 1897b: 482 (Df).
T. t. Levi, 1996a: 191, f. 20 (f).
In synonymy:
T. akeholmi (Brignoli, 1983, T from Araneus) = T. tatarendensis (Tullgren, 1905) (Levi, 1991a: 177, sub Wixia).
f carrolli Levi, 1995....................Colombia
T. c. Levi, 1995b: 208, f. 235-238 (Df).
mf itu Levi, 1995....................Brazil
T. i. Levi, 1995b: 207, f. 225-230 (Dmf).
f stadelmani Levi, 1995....................Honduras
T. s. Levi, 1995b: 208, f. 231-234 (Df).
mf tatarendensis (Tullgren, 1905) *....................Colombia to Bolivia, Bolivia
Aranea t. Tullgren, 1905: 34, pl. 5, f. 12 (Df).
Araneus t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 318.
Araneus holmi Caporiacco, 1955: 354, f. 34a-b (Df, preoccupied by Schenkel, 1953).
Araneus akeholmi Brignoli, 1983c: 262 (replacement name).
Wixia t. Levi, 1991a: 177 (Tf from Araneus, S).
T. t. Levi, 1995b: 204, f. 217-224 (Tf from Wixia, Dm).
f geometrica Taczanowski, 1879 *....................Brazil
T. g. Taczanowski, 1879: 133, pl. 2, f. 42 (Df).
T. g. Simon, 1895a: 907, f. 971 (f).
In synonymy:
T. formosana (Saito, 1933, T from Gasteracantha) = T. brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1960: 63, sub Gasteracantha mammosa).
T. sola (Saito, 1933, T from Gasteracantha) = T. brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1960: 63, sub Gasteracantha mammosa).
T. sparsa (Saito, 1933, T from Gasteracantha) = T. brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) (Yaginuma, 1960: 63, sub Gasteracantha mammosa).
mf brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) *....................Madagascar, India to Philippines, Australia
Plectana b. Doleschall, 1857: 423 (Df).
Plectana roseolimbata Doleschall, 1859: 43, pl. 13, f. 1 (Df).
Plectana flavida Doleschall, 1859: 43, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df).
Gasteracantha mammeata Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
Gasteracantha guttata Thorell, 1859: 302 (Df).
Gasteracantha borbonica Vinson, 1863: 236, 315, pl. 9, f. 5 (Df).
Gasteracantha alba Vinson, 1863: 240, 315 (Df).
Gasteracantha canningensis Stoliczka, 1869: 248, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
Gasteracantha suminata L. Koch, 1871: 11, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
Gasteracantha mastoidea L. Koch, 1872a: 201, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df).
Stanneoclavis suminata Karsch, 1878c: 783 (Dm).
Stanneoclavis mastoidea Karsch, 1878c: 783 (Dm).
Actinacantha maculata Karsch, 1878c: 800 (Df).
Gasteracantha b. Thorell, 1878b: 17, 294.
Gasteracantha observatrix O. P.-Cambridge, 1879c: 291, pl. 27, f. 21 (Df).
Gasteracantha mammosa Hasselt, 1882: 15 (misidentified).
Gasteracantha flavida Hasselt, 1882: 15.
Stanneoclavis latronum Simon, 1890c: 133 (Df).
Gasteracantha b. Workman & Workman, 1892: 8, pl. 8 (f).
Gasteracantha mammosa Dahl, 1914: 258, f. 12 (f, misidentified).
Gasteracantha sola Saito, 1933b: 56, pl. 3, f. 34 (Df).
Gasteracantha sparsa Saito, 1933b: 57, pl. 3, f. 35 (Df).
Gasteracantha formosana Saito, 1933b: 58, pl. 3, f. 32 (Df).
Gasteracantha b. Chrysanthus, 1959: 203, f. 13, 19, 29 (f).
Gasteracantha b. Chrysanthus, 1960: 25, f. 5-6 (m).
Gasteracantha (T.) b. Chrysanthus, 1971: 47, f. 104 (f).
Gasteracantha mammosa Yaginuma, 1960: 63 (S, misidentified).
T. b. Benoit, 1964a: 49 (removed from S of Gasteracantha mammosa per Roewer).
T. b. Emerit, 1974: 57, f. 17, 18A-B, 19A-C, 26A (mf).
Gasteracantha mammosa Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 34, f. 53-55 (f, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Tikader, 1982a: 55, g. 111-114 (f, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Chikuni, 1989b: 83, f. 65 (mf, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Feng, 1990: 84, f. 59.1-5 (f, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Chen & Gao, 1990: 62, f. 76a-c (mf, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 554, f. 341a-e (f, misidentified).
Gasteracantha mammosa Yin et al., 1997: 98, f. 27a-i (mf, misidentified).
T. b. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 184C-F, 185H-I (mf).
f acuminata (Thorell, 1898) *....................Myanmar
Thoracites acuminatus Thorell, 1898: 372 (Df).
f anepsia (Kulczyn'ski, 1911)....................New Guinea
Thoracites anepsius Kulczyn'ski, 1911c: 501, pl. 20, f. 67, 73 (Df).
mf nordviei (Strand, 1913) *....................West, Central, East Africa
Gasteracantha n. Strand, 1913a: 386 (Df).
G. simoni Dahl, 1914: 252, f. 6 (f, misidentified).
Isoxya (T.) n. Benoit, 1962a: 16, f. 12-13 (removed f from S of Gasteracantha simoni).
T. n. Emerit, 1982b: 163, pl. 1A, f. 3 (f).
T. n. Emerit, 1982c: 461, f. 2A-D (Dm).
m mahabaeus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 *....................Philippines
T. m. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 645, f. 411a-f (Dm).
m palawanensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
T. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 645, f. 410a-f (Dm).
m patulisus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995....................Philippines
T. p. Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 649, f. 412a-f (Dm).
f spinosissima (Tullgren, 1910) *....................Tanzania
Mangora s. Tullgren, 1910: 159, pl. 4, f. 100 (Df).
U. s. Grasshoff, 1971b: 309, f. 64a-d (Tf from Mangora).
Nomen dubium:
U. transversalis (Nicolet, 1849: 493, mf, Chile, originally in Epeira, T from Araneus by Mello-Leitão, 1951: 330) -- Levi, 1991a: 181, contra Mello-Leitão, 1951: 330.
f flavovittata Simon, 1909....................Vietnam
U. f. Simon, 1909e: 118 (Df).
f lunula (Nicolet, 1849)....................Chile
Epeira l. Nicolet, 1849: 501 (Df).
U. l. Archer, 1963: 22 (Tf from Epeira=Araneus, where "nicht zu deuten!" per Roewer).
f pulchra Simon, 1895 *....................Brazil
U. p. Simon, 1895a: 909 (Df).
f turbinata Simon, 1895....................South Africa
U. t. Simon, 1895a: 909 (Df).
mf vittigera Simon, 1895....................Sri Lanka
U. v. Simon, 1895a: 909. f. 974-975 (Dmf).
Transferred to other genera:
V. alticeps (Keyserling, 1879) -- see Alpaida.
V. audax (Blackwall, 1863) -- see Parawixia.
V. longicauda Mello-Leitão, 1947 -- see Wagneriana.
V. rubronigra Mello-Leitão, 1939 -- see Rubrepeira.
V. undulata (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
In synonymy:
V. aequiangulus (Franganillo, 1930, T from Araneus) = V. arenata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1976: 359).
V. aequiangulus ochraceus (Franganillo, 1930, T from Araneus) = V. arenata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1976: 359).
V. cylicophora (Badcock, 1932, T from Araneus) = V. meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892) (Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 41).
V. mexicana (Lucas, 1833c: 1, pl. 3, f, Mexico) = V. arenata (Walckenaer, 1842) (Levi, 1976: 358, who suppressed the older name as a nomen oblitum).
mf arenata (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................USA to Panama, Greater Antilles
Epeira mexicana Lucas, 1833c: 1, pl. 3 (Df; N.B.: suppressed as a nomen oblitum by Levi, 1976: 358).
Epeira a. Walckenaer, 1842: 133 (Dmf).
Epeira verrucosa Hentz, 1850: 19, pl. 3, f. 2 (Df).
Acanthepeira verrucosa Marx, 1883: 22.
V. a. McCook, 1888a: 78.
Mahadiva undecim-variolata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 53, pl. 3, f. 8-9 (Dmf).
Mahadiva reticulata O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 54, pl. 3, f. 10 (Dm).
Mahadeva undecimvariolata Keyserling, 1892: 69, pl. 3, f. 54 (mf).
Mahadeva reticulata Keyserling, 1892: 71, pl. 3, f. 55 (m, Df).
Mahadeva verrucosa Keyserling, 1892: 72, pl. 3, f. 56 (mf).
V. a. McCook, 1894: 200, pl. 12, f. 6-7 (mf).
Araneus mexicanus Simon, 1895a: 809.
Epeira verrucosa Emerton, 1902: 181, f. 421-423 (mf).
V. a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 482, pl. 45, f. 23-24 (mf).
V. undecimvariolata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 483, pl. 45, f. 25-26 (mf).
Araneus arenatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 279.
V. a. Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 329, f. 211-212 (f).
Araneus aequiangulus Franganillo, 1930: 26, f. 9 (Dmf).
Araneus aequiangulus ochraceus Franganillo, 1930: 28 (Df).
V. a. Levi, 1976: 358, f. 1-11 (mf, S).
V. a. Coddington, 1990: 14, f. 64 (m).
V. a. Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 372, f. 10, 24 (mf).
f dimastophora Mello-Leitão, 1940....................Brazil
V. d. Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 206 (Df).
m furcifera (Keyserling, 1886)....................Queensland
Epeira f. Keyserling, 1886a: 144, pl. 12, f. 1 (Dm).
V. f. Archer, 1951a: 20 (Tm from Araneus).
f lampra (Soares & Camargo, 1948)....................Brazil
Epeiroides lamprus Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 370, f. 23-24 (Df).
V. l. Levi, 1989: 77 (Tf from Epeiroides).
f meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil, Paraguay
Mahadeva m. Keyserling, 1892: 74, pl. 3, f. 57 (Df).
Araneus m. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 302.
Aranea m. Strand, 1916b: 113.
Araneus cylicophorus Badcock, 1932: 26, f. 18 (Df).
V. m. Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 41 (S).
f septemmammata Caporiacco, 1954....................French Guiana
V. s. Caporiacco, 1954: 100, f. 22 (Df).
mf zebra (Keyserling, 1892)....................Brazil
Mahadeva z. Keyserling, 1892: 68, pl. 3, f. 53 (Df).
Araneus z. Simon, 1895a: 810, f. 864-865 (Dm).
V. z. Levi, 1991a: 180 (Tmf from Araneus).
Transferred to other genera:
W. bufo (Denis, 1941) -- see Araneus.
W. minutissima Mello-Leitão, 1941 -- see Kaira.
W. monticola (Keyserling, 1892) -- see Parawixia.
In synonymy:
W. atopa (Chamberlin, 1916) = W. transitoria (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Levi, 1991b: 382).
W. longicauda (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Verrucosa) = W. neglecta (Mello-Leitão, 1939) (Levi, 1991b: 397).
W. octospinosa (Mello-Leitão, 1949) = W. acrosomoides (Mello-Leitão, 1939) (Levi, 1991b: 404).
W. tuberculicauda Caporiacco, 1947 = W. neglecta (Mello-Leitão, 1939) (Levi, 1991b: 397).
W. tumida (Taczanowski, 1879, T from Araneus) = W. undecimtuberculata (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1985: 446).
mf acrosomoides (Mello-Leitão, 1939)....................Colombia to Brazil
Wixia a. Mello-Leitão, 1939g: 109, f. 9-11 (Df).
Paraverrucosa octospinosa Mello-Leitão, 1949: 9, f. 8-9 (Dm).
W. a. Levi, 1991b: 404, f. 160-164 (Tf from Wixia, Sm).
m alma Levi, 1991....................Brazil
W. a. Levi, 1991b: 403, f. 154 (Dm).
mf atuna Levi, 1991....................Costa Rica to Paraguay
W. a. Levi, 1991b: 392, f. 93-97 (Dmf).
f bamba Levi, 1991....................Peru
W. b. Levi, 1991b: 383, f. 45-48 (Df).
m carimagua Levi, 1991....................Colombia
W. c. Levi, 1991b: 393, f. 102 (Dm).
m carinata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904....................Guatemala
W. c. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 498, pl. 47, f. 16 (Dm).
Araneus cacozelus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283 (replacement name required by generic misplacement).
W. c. Levi, 1991b: 384, f. 53 (m).
mf cobella Levi, 1991....................Colombia, Venezuela
W. c. Levi, 1991b: 390, f. 82-87 (Dmf).
m eldorado Levi, 1991....................Argentina
W. e. Levi, 1991b: 408, f. 176 (Dm).
mf eupalaestra (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Brazil, Argentina
Edricus eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 177, f. 17, 17a (Dm).
Paraverrucosa eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1947c: 13 (Tm from Edricus).
W. eupalaestris Levi, 1991b: 367, 396, f. 110-115 (m, Df).
mf gavensis (Camargo, 1950)....................Brazil
Wixia g. Camargo, 1950b: 231, pl. I, f. 1-2, 5, pl. II, f. 6, pl. III, f. 1, pl. IV, f. 1-3, 5 (Dm).
W. g. Levi, 1991b: 400, f. 134-139 (Tm from Wixia, Df).
f grandicornis Mello-Leitão, 1935....................Costa Rica, Brazil
W. g. Mello-Leitão, 1935a: 96, f. 6 (Dj).
W. g. Levi, 1991b: 386, f. 60-66 (Df).
mf hassleri Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Guyana
W. h. Levi, 1991b: 408, f. 177-181 (Dmf).
mf heteracantha (Mello-Leitão, 1943)....................Brazil, Argentina
Actinosoma heteracanthum Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 174, f. 15, 15a (Df).
W. h. Levi, 1991b: 394, f. 105-109 (Tf from Actinosoma, Dm).
f huanca Levi, 1991....................Peru
W. h. Levi, 1991b: 403, f. 149-153 (Df).
mf iguape Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Paraguay
W. i. Levi, 1991b: 402, f. 140-144 (Dmf).
f jacaza Levi, 1991....................Brazil
W. j. Levi, 1991b: 383, f. 49-52 (Df).
mf janeiro Levi, 1991....................Brazil
W. j. Levi, 1991b: 389, f. 77-81 (Dmf).
mf jelskii (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Trinidad to Bolivia
Epeira jelskii Taczanowski, 1873: 139, pl. 5, f. 17 (Dmf).
W. j. Caporiacco, 1954: 97, f. 20 (removed mf from S of W. transitoria).
W. j. Levi, 1991b: 380, f. 35-39 (Taczanowski's f = W. transitoria, m was also misidentified as that of Parawixia velutina).
f juquia Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
W. j. Levi, 1991b: 393, f. 98-101 (Df).
mf lechuza Levi, 1991....................Peru, Brazil
W. l. Levi, 1991b: 390, f. 88-92 (Dmf).
m levii Pinto-da-Rocha & Buckup, 1995....................Brazil
W. l. Pinto-da-Rocha & Buckup, 1995: 159, f. 1-2 (Dm).
f madrejon Levi, 1991....................Paraguay
W. m. Levi, 1991b: 402, f. 145-148 (Df).
mf maseta Levi, 1991....................Colombia to Ecuador and Brazil
W. m. Levi, 1991b: 380, f. 29-34 (Dmf).
mf neblina Levi, 1991....................Venezuela
W. n. Levi, 1991b: 384, f. 54-59 (Dmf).
mf neglecta (Mello-Leitão, 1939)....................Trinidad to Argentina
Paraverrucosa n. Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 65, f. 38-40 (Dm).
Verrucosa longicauda Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 251 (Df).
W. tuberculicauda Caporiacco, 1947a: 25 (Df).
W. tuverculicauda Caporiacco, 1948a: 657, f. 64-65 (f).
W. n. Levi, 1991b: 397, f. 116-112 (m, Sf).
f pakitza Levi, 1991....................Peru
W. p. Levi, 1991b: 413, f. 196-199 (Df).
mf roraima Levi, 1991....................Brazil
W. r. Levi, 1991b: 410, f. 187-190 (Df).
W. r. Buckup & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1996: 849, f. 1, 3 (Dm).
mf silvae Levi, 1991....................Peru, Bolivia
W. s. Levi, 1991b: 409, f. 182-186 (Dmf).
mf spicata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889)....................Mexico to Costa Rica
Epeira s. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 45, pl. 6, f. 4 (Dj).
Turckheimia armata O. P.-Cambridge, 1893b: 114, pl. 14, f. 11 (Df).
W. s. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 499, pl. 47, f. 19-20 (Dmf).
Araneus spicatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 317.
W. s. Levi, 1991b: 399, f. 129-133 (mf).
mf taboga Levi, 1991....................Panama to Venezuela
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 386, f. 67-71 (Dmf).
mf taim Levi, 1991....................Brazil
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 388, f. 72-76 (Dmf).
mf tauricornis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) *....................USA to Peru
Epeira t. O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 42, pl. 6, f. 2-3 (Dmf).
Epeira guatemalensis O. P.-Cambridge, 1889d: 40, pl. 7, f. 8 (Dm, not f).
Epeira t. Keyserling, 1892: 90, pl. 4, f. 68 (m).
Epeira guatemalensis Keyserling, 1892: 112, pl. 6, f. 83b (m only).
Wagneria t. McCook, 1894: 204, pl. 13, f. 1-2 (mf).
W. t. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 498, pl. 47, f. 14-15 (mf).
Araneus t. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319.
W. t. Levi, 1976: 379, f. 57-73 (mf).
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 410, f. 191-195 (mf).
mf tayos Levi, 1991....................Colombia to Peru
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 406, f. 16-18, 21-23, 165-171 (Dmf).
mf transitoria (C. L. Koch, 1839)....................Venezuela to Argentina
Acrosoma transitorium C. L. Koch, 1839a: 119, f. 518 (Df).
Plectana t. Walckenaer, 1842: 181.
Epeira spinosa Taczanowski, 1873: 141, pl. 5, f. 18 (Dmf).
Araneus transitorius Simon, 1895a: 818.
Edricus transitorius Petrunkevitch, 1911: 338.
Anawixia atopa Chamberlin, 1916: 258, pl. 20, f. 1-3 (Df).
W. t. Caporiacco, 1954: 98 (Tmf from Araneus).
W. spinosa Caporiacco, 1954: 98, f. 21, 21a (removed mf from S, rejected).
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 381, f. 19-20, 40-44 (mf, S).
f turrigera Schenkel, 1953....................Venezuela
W. t. Schenkel, 1953a: 24, f. 22a-b (Dj).
W. t. Levi, 1991b: 413, f. 200-204 (f; holotype is adult, not j).
mf undecimtuberculata (Keyserling, 1865)....................Panama to Peru
Epeira undecim-tuberculata Keyserling, 1865: 805, pl. 18, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Acrosoma tumida Taczanowski, 1879: 120, pl. 1, f. 34 (Df).
Epeira u. Keyserling, 1892: 92, pl. 4, f. 69 (mf).
Araneus (Acrosoma) tumidum Simon, 1895a: 818.
Araneus timidus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 319 (replacement name for Acrosoma tumida, believed preoccupied by Epeira tumida Keyserling).
W. 11-tuberculata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 498, pl. 47, f. 17-18 (mf).
Araneus undecimtuberculatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 321.
W. u. Levi, 1985: 446 (S).
W. u. Levi, 1991b: 376, f. 24-28 (mf).
m uropygialis (Mello-Leitão, 1944)....................Argentina
Paraverrucosa u. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 334 (Dm).
W. u. Levi, 1991b: 394, f. 103-104 (m).
mf uzaga Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
W. u. Levi, 1991b: 398, f. 123-128 (Dmf).
mf vegas Levi, 1991....................Cuba, Hispaniola
W. v. Levi, 1991b: 403, f. 155-159 (Dmf).
f vermiculata Mello-Leitão, 1949....................Brazil
W. v. Mello-Leitão, 1949: 10, f. 10 (Df).
mf yacuma Levi, 1991....................Brazil, Bolivia
W. y. Levi, 1991b: 408, f. 172-175 (Df).
W. y. Buckup & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1996: 850, f. 2, 4 (Dm).
In synonymy:
W. talis O. P.-Cambridge, 1895 = W. crassicauda (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1986b: 41).
W. tricuspis (Gétaz, 1893, T from Edricus) = W. crassicauda (Keyserling, 1865) (Levi, 1986b: 41).
f alobatus (Franganillo, 1931)....................Cuba
Salassina alobata Franganillo, 1931: 44 (Df).
mf cayanus (Taczanowski, 1873)....................Northern South America
Epeira cayana Taczanowski, 1873: 135, pl. 5, f. 15 (Df).
Edricus cayana Roewer, 1942a: 762.
W. cayana Levi, 1986b: 44, f. 6-7, 13-15 (Tf from Edricus, Dm).
mf crassicaudus (Keyserling, 1865) *....................Mexico to Peru
Epeira crassicauda Keyserling, 1865: 806, pl. 18, f. 3-4 (Df).
Salassia tricuspis Gétaz, 1893: 105 (Df).
Cyclosa crassicauda Keyserling, 1893: 270, pl. 14, f. 200 (f).
W. talis O. P.-Cambridge, 1895a: 160, pl. 16, f. 13 (Dm).
Salassina crassicauda Simon, 1895a: 784, f. 853 (f).
Physiola nigrans Simon, 1895a: 876, f. 938-939 (Dmf).
Bion brevis O. P.-Cambridge, 1898a: 244, pl. 30, f. 5 (Dm).
W. thalis Simon, 1903a: 1003 (lapsus).
Edricus crassicauda F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 500, pl. 47, f. 21 (f).
Edricus tricuspis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904: 500.
Edricus tricuspis Banks, 1914a: 678, pl. 30, f. 23 (f).
Edricus crassicauda Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 318, f. 192-193 (f).
W. thalis Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 337, f. 225-226 (m).
W. crassicauda Levi, 1986b: 41, f. 1-5, 8-12, 16-17 (Tf from Edricus, Sm).
Nomina dubia:
W. proxima Mello-Leitão, 1940d: 207 (Df, Brazil) -- Levi, 1993b: 56.
mf abdominalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 *....................Brazil, Guyana, Bolivia
W. a. O. P.-Cambridge, 1882c: 438, pl. 31, f. 13 (Df).
Araneus a. Petrunkevitch, 1911: 276.
W. a. Levi, 1993b: 56, f. 1-6 (f, Dm).
mf tenella (L. Koch, 1871)....................Queensland
Epeira t. L. Koch, 1871: 76, pl. 6, f. 5-6 (Dmf).
W. t. Archer, 1951a: 15 (Tmf from Araneus).
m ameda Levi, 1996....................Brazil
X. a. Levi, 1996b: 139, f. 285-287 (Dm).
m anomid Levi, 1996....................Peru, Brazil
X. a. Levi, 1996b: 138, f. 282-284 (Dm).
mf arawak Archer, 1965....................Mexico, Jamaica
X. a. Archer, 1965b: 130, f. 6-7 (Df).
X. a. Levi, 1996b: 139, f. 288-291 (f, Dm).
f perlatus Simon, 1895....................Brazil
X. p. Simon, 1895g: 158 (Df).
X. p. Levi, 1996b: 136, f. 259-262 (f).
mf scrupeus Simon, 1895....................Panama to Bolivia, Brazil
X. s. Simon, 1895g: 159 (Df).
X. s. Levi, 1996b: 136, f. 263-270, 277-281 (mf).
mf superbus Simon, 1895 *....................Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil
X. s. Simon, 1895a: 865, f. 926-927 (f, Dm).
X. trifidus Simon, 1895g: 157 (Df).
X. s. Simon, 1895g: 158 (Df).
X. peruanus Archer, 1971: 157, f. 1-2 (Df).
X. s. Levi, 1996b: 134, f. 248-258, 271-276 (f, Dm, S; N.B.: Simon's m is a misidentified member of Enacrosoma anomalum).
mf sia (Strand, 1906) *....................China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
Aranea s. Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 237, pl. 4, f. 24 (Dmf).
Zygiella s. Roewer, 1942a: 884.
Zilla s. Saito, 1959: 109, f. 129a-e (f).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1960: 115, f. 50.1-3 (Tmf from Zygiella).
Y. s. Archer, 1960: 14, f. 1-4 (Tmf from Araneus).
Araneus s. Lee, 1966: 40, f. 10m-0 (f).
Araneus s. Yaginuma, 1971: 54, f. 50.1-3 (mf).
Y. s. Namkung, Paik & Yoon, 1972: 93, f. 11 (f).
Zygiella s. Levi, 1974a: 286, f. 111-120 (mf).
Araneus s. Yin, 1978: 2, f. 3A-D (mf).
Aranea s. Song, 1980: 94, f. 40a-d (mf).
Araneus s. Hu, 1984: 97, f. 92.1-2 (mf).
Y. s. Guo, 1985: 75, f. 2-27.1-3 (mf).
Y. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 109, f. 57.6 (mf).
Y. s. Zhang, 1987: 89, f. 73.1-4 (mf).
Y. s. Ishinoda, 1989: 21, f. 12-13 (mf).
Y. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 75, f. 39 (mf).
Y. s. Feng, 1990: 101, f. 76.1-3 (mf).
Y. s. Chen & Gao, 1990: 73, f. 921-c (mf).
Y. s. Chen & Zhang, 1991: 91, f. 82.1-3 (mf).
Araneus s. Zhao, 1993: 233, f. 107a-b (mf, probably misidentified).
Y. s. Zhao, 1993: 262, f. 123a-b (mf).
Y. s. Yin et al., 1997: 395, f. 286a-d (mf).
Y. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309, f. 184G-I, 185L (mf).
In synonymy:
Z. acincta (Urquhart, 1891, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. aestiva (Urquhart, 1893, T from Araneus) = Z. trinotata (Urquhart, 1890) (Court & Forster, 1988: 72).
Z. albiscutum (Urquhart, 1890, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. albostricta (Urquhart, 1890, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. angusticlava (Urquhart, 1893, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. bialbimacula (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. brouni olivinia (Urquhart, 1890, T from Araneus) = Z. trinotata (Urquhart, 1890) (Court & Forster, 1988: 72).
Z. dumicola (Urquhart, 1889, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. purpura (Urquhart, 1887, T from Araneus, erroneously considered preoccupied and renamed as Aranea purpurcolor by Roewer, 1942) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. similaris (Urquhart, 1891, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
Z. undata (L. Koch, 1871, T from Araneus) = Z. crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) (Court & Forster, 1988: 70).
mf crassa (Walckenaer, 1842) *....................New Zealand
Epeira c. Walckenaer, 1842: 127 (Df).
Epeira extuberata L. Koch, 1871: 61, pl. 5, f. 3 (Df).
Epeira undata L. Koch, 1871: 73, pl. 6, f. 1 (Df).
Epeira bi-albimacula Urquhart, 1887: 81 (Df).
Epeira purpurea Urquhart, 1887: 91 (Df).
Epeira dumicola Urquhart, 1889a: 146 (Df).
Epeira albo-stricta Urquhart, 1890c: 240 (Df).
Epeira guttatum Urquhart, 1890c: 242, pl. 17, f. 4 (Df).
Epeira dubitabilis Urquhart, 1890c: 246, pl. 17, f. 3 (Dm).
Epeira albi-scutum Urquhart, 1890c: 249 (Df).
Epeira acincta Urquhart, 1891a: 158 (Df).
Epeira similaris Urquhart, 1891a: 168 (Dmf).
Epeira angusticlava Urquhart, 1893a: 173 (Df).
Aranea crassus Dalmas, 1917a: 384, f. 51, 52 (m).
Araneus bialbimacula Bryant, 1935c: 58, pl. 9, f. 13 (f).
Aranea purpurcolor Roewer, 1942a: 831 (replacement name for Epeira purpurea Urquhart, believed preoccupied by Vinson, 1863).
Z. c. Court & Forster, 1988: 70, f. 340-344, 363-376 (Tmf from Araneus, S).
mf prina Court & Forster, 1988....................New Zealand
Z. p. Court & Forster, 1988: 74, f. 346, 390-394, 396-400 (Dmf).
j saxitalis (Urquhart, 1887)....................New Zealand
Epeira s. Urquhart, 1887: 82 (Dj).
Z. s. Sirvid & Vink, 2000: 49 (Tj from Araneus).
mf trinotata (Urquhart, 1890)....................New Zealand
Epeira trinotata Urquhart, 1890c: 247 (Dm).
Epeira trinotata olivinia Urquhart, 1890c: 249 (Dm).
Epeira aestiva Urquhart, 1893a: 174 (Df).
Aranea brounii olivinia Roewer, 1942a: 825.
Z. t. Court & Forster, 1988: 72, f. 345, 380-389 (removed m from S of Araneus brouni, Sf).
mf conica Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987....................China
Z. c. Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 63, f. 8-14 (Dmf).
Z. c. Yin et al., 1997: 398, f. 288a-g (mf).
Z. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184L-M, 185A-B, M (mf).
f crownia Yin, Xie & Bao, 1996....................China
Z. c. Yin, Xie & Bao, 1996: 2, f. 6-9 (Df).
Z. c. Yin et al., 1997: 399, f. 289a-d (f).
Z. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184Q-R, 185N (f).
mf diodia (Walckenaer, 1802) *....................Mediterranean to Azerbaijan
Aranea d. Walckenaer, 1802: 200 (Df).
Epeira d. Walckenaer, 1805: 60.
Epeira obscura Wider, 1834: 272, pl. 18, f. 6 (Df).
Z. albimacula C. L. Koch, 1834: 124, pl. 21-22 (D).
Z. albimacula C. L. Koch, 1839a: 144, f. 534-535 (Dmf).
Epeira albimacula Blackwall, 1854b: 33.
Epeira albimacula Blackwall, 1864a: 355, pl. 26, f. 256 (m).
Epeira d. Thorell, 1873: 455 (S).
Epeira d. Simon, 1874a: 114 (m).
Epeira d. Becker, 1896: 41, pl. 9, f. 3 (mf).
Epeira d. Bösenberg, 1901: 40, pl. 3, f. 28 (mf).
Araneus diodius Lessert, 1910b: 332.
Z. d. Simon, 1929: 667, 755, f. 1030 (mf).
Z. d. Wiehle, 1931: 117, f. 188-191 (mf).
Aranea d. Kolosváry, 1938d: 583, f. 1a, c (f).
Aranea d. Drensky, 1943: 246, f. 24 (mf).
Z. d. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 151, f. 101A-C (mf).
Aranea d. Zamaraev, 1964: 358, f. 68-70 (mf).
Z. d. Miller, 1971: 214, pl. XL, f. 20-21 (mf).
Z. d. Loksa, 1972: 97, f. 88, 89A-B (mf).
Z. d. Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98a (mf).
Z. d. Levy, 1987: 250, f. 34-43 (mf).
Z. d. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 90, f. 204 (mf).
Z. d. Roberts, 1995: 326, f. (mf).
Z. d. Roberts, 1998: 339, f. (mf).
Z. d. Tanikawa, 2000a: 17, f. 2-3 (m).
f diodia embrikstrandi (Kolosváry, 1938)....................Italy
Aranea d. embrik-strandi Kolosváry, 1938d: 583, 1b, d (Dm).
mf plumiopedella Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987....................China
Z. p. Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1987: 65, f. 15-23 (Dmf).
Z. p. Yin et al., 1997: 400, f. 290a-i (mf).
Z. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184N, S, 185C-D, O (mf).
f poecila Zhu & Wang, 1994....................China
Z. p. Zhu & Wang, in Zhu et al, 1994: 46, f. 20A-C (Df).
Z. p. Yin et al., 1997: 401, f. 291a-c (f).
Z. p. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 310, f. 184O-P, 185P (f).
Transferred to other genera:
Z. alpina (Giebel, 1867) -- see Theridion under Theridiidae.
Z. aureola (Keyserling, 1884) -- see Chrysometa under Tetragnathidae.
Z. decolorata (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Mangora.
Z. guttata (Keyserling, 1880) -- see Chrysometa under Tetragnathidae.
Z. guyanensis (Keyserling, 1881) -- see Manogea.
Z. melanocephala (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Mangora.
Z. nawazi (Dyal, 1935) -- see Araneus.
Z. punctata (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Metazygia.
Z. rogenhoferi (Keyserling, 1878) -- see Metazygia.
Z. sia (Strand, 1906) -- see Yaginumia.
In synonymy:
Z. biologica (Chamberlin, 1925, T from Pseudometa=Chrysometa) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1980a: 16).
Z. bosenbergi (Keyserling, 1878) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 276).
Z. californica (Banks, 1896) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Gertsch, 1964a: 12).
Z. calophylla (Walckenaer, 1802) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 271).
Z. canariensis Schmidt, 1977 = Z. minima Schmidt, 1968 (Wunderlich, 1987a: 135).
Z. gigans (Franganillo, 1913, T from Enoplognatha) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Méndez, 1998: 145).
Z. litterata (Olivier, 1789) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Clerckian names validated by ICZN Direction 104).
Z. maulliniana (Mello-Leitão, 1951, T from Larinia) = Z. x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 276).
Z. nearctica Gertsch, 1964 = Z. dispar (Kulczyn'ski, 1885) (Levi, 1974a: 278).
Nomina dubia:
Z. crucinotata (Podrovskii, 1904: 300, f, Russia, originally in Zilla, mistakenly listed under Aranea by Roewer) -- Levi, 1974a: 271.
mf atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) *....................Europe, Russia (USA, Canada, introduced)
Eucharia a. C. L. Koch, 1845: 103, f. 1030-1031 (Dmf).
Epeira a. Westring, 1851: 35.
Zilla a. Thorell, 1856: 107.
Zygia a. Menge, 1866: 78, pl. 12, f. 20 (mf).
Zilla a. Thorell, 1870a: 31.
Zilla a. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 34 (mf).
Zilla a. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1892: 395, pl. 20, f. 3, pl. 21, f. 9 (mf).
Zilla a. McCook, 1894: 238, pl. 18, f. 7-8 (mf).
Zilla a. Simon, 1895a: 814, f. 866 (m).
Zilla a. Becker, 1896: 51, pl. 10, f. 5 (mf).
Zilla a. Bösenberg, 1901: 46, pl. 3, f. 36 (mf).
Zilla a. Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 431-434 (m).
Zilla a. Emerton, 1909: 201, pl. 5, f. 4 (m).
Araneus atricus Lessert, 1910b: 339.
Aranea a. Reimoser, 1929c: 86, f. 5 (mf).
Z. a. Simon, 1929: 661, 665, 753, f. 1017, 1027 (mf).
Zilla a. Wiehle, 1931: 33, f. 38-40 (mf).
Zilla a. Comstock, 1940: 473, f. 471a, 472a (mf).
Zilla a. Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 9 (mf).
Z. a. Kaston, 1948: 243, f. 748-749, 770 (mf, removed from S of Z. calophylla).
Z. a. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 163, f. 108D, 109A (mf).
Zilla a. Saito, 1959: 109, f. 127a-b (f).
Z. a. Gertsch, 1964a: 16, f. 18-20 (mf).
Z. a. Tyschchenko, 1971: 191, f. 555 (f).
Z. a. Miller, 1971: 204, pl. XXXVII, f. 14 (f).
Z. a. Levi, 1974a: 272, f. 1-8 (mf).
Z. a. Palmgren, 1974a: 12, f. 5d-f (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99d (mf).
Z. a. Coddington, 1990: 17, f. 67 (m).
Z. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 64, f. 142 (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1995: 334, f. (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1998: 347, f. (mf).
f calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894)....................China, Myanmar, Malaysia
Epeira c. Workman & Workman, 1894: 21, pl. 21 (f).
Epeira c. Thorell, 1895: 188 (Df).
Z. c. Roewer 1942a: 886.
Z. c. Levi, 1974a: 282, f. 76-80 (f).
Z. c. Yin et al., 1990: 138, f. 341-343 (f).
Z. c. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 129O-P (f).
mf carpenteri Archer, 1951....................USA
Z. c. Archer, 1951a: 18, f. 34 (Df).
Z. c. Gertsch, 1964a: 9, f. 11-14 (f, Dm).
Z. c. Levi, 1974a: 280, f. 62-69 (mf).
mf caspica (Simon, 1889)....................Central Asia
Zilla c. Simon, 1889l: 382 (Dm).
Z. c. Levi, 1974a: 280, f. 70-75 (m, Df).
mf dispar (Kulczyn'ski, 1885)....................Holarctic
Zilla d. Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 24, pl. 9, f. 7 (Dmf).
Aranea d. Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 238.
Zilla montana Comstock, 1940: 474, f. 471c, 472c (mf, misidentified).
Z. montana Levi & Field, 1954: 452, f. 36-37 (mf, misidentified).
Z. nearctica Gertsch, 1964a: 4, f. 3-6 (Dmf).
Z. d. Gertsch, 1964a: 7, f. 7-10 (mf).
Z. d. Levi, 1974a: 278, f. 32-50 (mf, S).
mf guangxiensis Zhu & Zhang, 1993....................China
Z. g. Zhu & Zhang, 1993: 39, f. 21-27 (Dmf).
Z. g. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 129Q-S (mf).
mf inconveniens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)....................Lebanon, Israel
Epeira i. O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 298 (Df).
Z. i. Simon, 1929: 664.
Z. i. Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 92-94 (f).
Z. i. Levy, 1987: 247, f. 13-25 (f, Dm).
mf indica Tikader & Bal, 1980....................India
Z. i. Tikader & Bal, 1980: 245, f. 5-9 (Dmf).
Z. i. Tikader, 1982a: 217, f. 423-427 (mf).
mf keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871)....................Southern Europe
Zilla keyserlingii Ausserer, 1871b: 830, pl. 5, f. 11 (Df).
Zilla atrica Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 34 (mf, in part).
Zilla k. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1897: 307 (Dm).
Z. k. Simon, 1929: 661.
Zilla k. Wiehle, 1931: 35, f. 41-42 (mf).
Z. k. Levi, 1974a: 274, f. 9-14 (mf).
f kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974....................Kyrgyzstan
Z. kirgisicus Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 15-17 (Df).
Z. k. Bakhvalov, 1982: 138, f. 2 (f).
Z. k. Bakhvalov, 1983: 87, f. 2 (f).
mf kochi (Thorell, 1870)....................Southern Europe, North Africa, Central Asia
Zilla kochii Thorell, 1870a: 33 (Dmf).
Zilla k. Bösenberg, 1901: 43, pl. 3, f. 32 (mf).
Z. k. Simon, 1929: 663, 754, f. 1021, 1025 (mf).
Zilla k. Wiehle, 1931: 41, f. 52-53 (mf).
Z. k. Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 85-91 (mf).
f melanocrania (Thorell, 1887)....................India to China
Epeira m. Thorell, 1887: 209 (Df).
Araneus melanocranius Simon, 1909e: 108.
Araneus melanocranius Dyal, 1935: 183, pl. 16, f. 125 (f).
Z. m. Roewer, 1942a: 886.
Z. m. Levi, 1974a: 282, f. 81-84 (f).
Z. m. Tikader & Bal, 1980: 243, f. 1-4 (f).
Z. m. Tikader, 1982a: 215, f. 419-422 (f).
mf minima Schmidt, 1968....................Canary Is.
Z. x.-notata m. Schmidt, 1968: 414, f. 11 (Dm).
Z. m. Levi, 1974a: 274, f. 15-20 (m, Df, elevated to species).
Z. canariensis Schmidt, 1977: 62, f. 9-11 (Dmf).
Z. m. Wunderlich, 1987a: 135 (S).
mf montana (C. L. Koch, 1834)....................Palearctic
Zilla m. C. L. Koch, 1834: 125, pl. 19 (Df).
Zilla m. C. L. Koch, 1839a: 146, f. 536-537 (Dmf).
Epeira m. Westring, 1851: 35.
Zilla alpina L. Koch, 1870: 16 (Dmf).
Zilla m. Emerton, 1884: 823, pl. 34, f. 14, pl. 37, f. 22-23, 26, 28 (mf).
Zilla m. Kulczyn'ski, 1885: 25, pl. 9, f. 8 (m).
Zilla m. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 33 (f).
Zilla m. McCook, 1894: 239, pl. 18, f. 3-4 (mf).
Zilla m. Bösenberg, 1901: 44, pl. 3, f. 33 (mf).
Zilla m. Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 435a (m).
Zilla m. Emerton, 1909: 201, pl. 5, f. 4b (f).
Araneus montanus Lessert, 1910b: 341.
Z. m. Simon, 1929: 663, 754, f. 1020, 1026 (mf).
Zilla m. Wiehle, 1931: 38, f. 46-48 (mf).
Zilla m. Drensky, 1943: 227, f. 8 (mf).
Z. m. Miller, 1971: 202, pl. XXXVII, f. 10-11 (mf).
Z. m. Levi, 1974a: 278, f. 51-56, 59-61 (mf).
Z. m. Chikuni, 1989b: 77, f. 44 (mf).
Z. m. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 64, f. 141 (mf).
Z. m. Roberts, 1995: 335, f. (mf).
Z. m. Roberts, 1998: 347, f. (mf).
mf nadleri Heimer, 1984....................China, Vietnam
Z. n. Heimer, 1984c: 95, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
Z. melanocrania Yin et al., 1990: 138, f. 344-346 (f, misidentified).
Z. n. Zhu & Zhang, 1993: 40, f. 28-31 (mf).
Z. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 130A-C (mf).
f poriensis Levy, 1987....................Israel
Z. p. Levy, 1987: 249, f. 26-33 (Df).
?? pulcherrima (Zawadsky, 1902)....................Russia
Zilla p. Zawadsky, 1902: 5 (D).
Z. p. Roewer, 1942a: 884.
mf salta Yin & Gong, 1996....................China
X. s. Yin & Gong, 1996: 75, f. 17-24 (Dmf).
mf shivui Patel & Reddy, 1990....................India
X. s. Patel & Reddy, 1990c: 159, f. 6-11 (Dmf).
mf stroemi (Thorell, 1870)....................Palearctic
Zilla s. Thorell, 1870a: 34 (Dmf).
Zilla s. Simon, 1874a: 144 (mf).
Zilla s. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 30 (mf).
Zilla s. Becker, 1896: 55, pl. 11, f. 2 (mf).
Zilla s. Bösenberg, 1901: 45, pl. 3, f. 34 (mf).
Araneus s. Lessert, 1910b: 343.
Zilla s. Jackson, 1914: 125, pl. 3, f. 1-2 (mf).
Zilla s. Simon, 1929: 664, 754, f. 1022-1023 (mf).
Zilla s. Wiehle, 1931: 36, f. 43-45 (mf).
Zilla s. Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 8 (mf).
Z. s. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 163, f. 108B, 109C (mf, removed from S of Z. x-notata sensu Thorell, 1856).
Zilla s. Zamaraev, 1964: 351, f. 11-13 (mf).
Z. s. Tyschchenko, 1971: 191, f. 553, 556 (mf).
Z. s. Miller, 1971: 203, pl. XXXVII, f. 12-13 (mf).
Z. s. Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 96A-C (mf).
Z. s. Levi, 1974a: 286, f. 102-110 (mf).
Z. s. Palmgren, 1974a: 13, f. 5a-c (mf).
Z. s. Punda, 1975b: 45, f. 85-86 (f).
Z. s. Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99e (mf).
Z. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 144 (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1995: 335, f. (mf).
X. s. Roberts, 1998: 348, f. (mf).
mf thorelli (Ausserer, 1871)....................Europe
Zilla thorellii Ausserer, 1871b: 830, pl. 5, f. 10 (Df).
Zilla t. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 32 (f).
Zilla t. Bösenberg, 1901: 42, pl. 3, f. 31 (f, Dm).
Araneus t. Lessert, 1910b: 342.
Z. t. Simon, 1929: 663, 755, f. 1019, 1024 (mf).
Zilla t. Wiehle, 1931: 39, f. 49-51 (mf).
Zilla t. Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 9 (mf).
Z. t. Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 97A-C (mf).
Z. t. Levi, 1974a: 284, f. 95-101 (mf).
Z. t. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 145 (mf).
mf x-notata (Clerck, 1757)....................Holarctic, Neotropical
Araneus x-notatus Clerck, 1757: 46, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df).
Aranea litterata Olivier, 1789: 206 (D).
Aranea calophylla Walckenaer, 1802: 200 (Dmf).
Epeira calophylla Sundevall, 1833a: 252.
Zilla calophylla C. L. Koch, 1839a: 148, f. 538-539 (mf).
Epeira similis Blackwall, 1844: 186 (Dmf).
Zilla x. Thorell, 1856: 26 (D).
Epeira similis Blackwall, 1864a: 337, pl. 25, f. 244.
Epeira calophylla Blackwall, 1864a: 338, pl. 25, f. 245 (mf).
Zilla calophylla Menge, 1866: 76, pl. 12, f. 19 (Dmf).
Zygia calophylla Ohlert, 1867: 30.
Zilla bösenbergi Keyserling, 1878a: 575, pl. 14, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
Zilla x. Hansen, 1882: 23, pl. 1, f. 39 (mf).
Zilla x. Emerton, 1884: 324, pl. 11, f. 2, pl. 34, f. 13, pl. 37, f. 24-25, 27 (mf).
Zilla x. Chyzer & Kulczyn'ski, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 35 (mf).
Zilla x. F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1892: 395, pl. 21, f. 8 (mf).
Zilla boesenbergi Keyserling, 1893: 297, pl. 15, f. 220 (mf).
Zilla x. McCook, 1894: 237, pl. 18, f. 1-2 (mf).
Zilla x. Becker, 1896: 53, pl. 11, f. 1 (mf).
Zilla californica Banks, 1896b: 90 (Df).
Zilla x. Bösenberg, 1901: 45, pl. 3, f. 35 (mf).
Zilla x. Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 435 (m).
Araneus x-notatus Lessert, 1910b: 340.
Araneus californicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Araneus boesenbergi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Zilla gigans Franganillo, 1913: 128 (Df).
Z. x. Simon, 1929: 663, 665, 754, f. 1018, 1028 (mf).
Zilla litterata Wiehle, 1931: 30, f. 33-37 (mf).
Z. boesenbergi Roewer, 1942a: 887.
Pseudometa biologica Chamberlin, 1925d: 217 (Df).
Zilla x. Comstock, 1940: 474, f. 471b, 472b (mf).
Z. californica Roewer, 1942a: 887.
Zilla litterata Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 10 (mf).
Z. litterata Kaston, 1948: 243, f. 747, 767-769 (mf).
Z. x. Chrysanthus, 1949b: 350, f. 1 (f).
Larinia maulliniana Mello-Leitão, 1951: 331, f. 5-6 (Dm).
Z. x. Locket & Millidge, 1953: 159, f. 108A, C, 109B (mf).
Z. x. Gertsch, 1964a: 12, f. 15-17 (mf, S).
Z. x. Mackie, 1967: 439, f. 1-2, 4-5 (mf).
Z. x. Tyschchenko, 1971: 191, f. 557 (f).
Z. x. Miller, 1971: 204, pl. XXXVII, f. 15 (f).
Z. x. Loksa, 1972: 107, f. 97D-F (mf).
Enoplognatha gigans Levi, 1974a: 271 (Tf from Zilla, nomen dubium, but see Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: 211).
Z. x. Levi, 1974a: 276, f. 21-31, 57-58 (mf, S).
Z. x. Levi, 1980a: 16 (S).
Z. x. Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99c (mf).
Z. x. Feng, 1990: 102, f. 77.1-2 (f).
Z. x. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 143 (mf).
Z. x. Roberts, 1995: 334, f. (mf).
Z. x. Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5C-D (m).
Z. x. Agnarsson, 1996: 66, f. 54A-C (mf).
Z. x. Bellmann, 1997: 100, f. (f).
Z. x. Roberts, 1998: 346, f. (mf).
Z. x. Méndez, 1998: 145 (S).
Z. x. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 130D-E (m).
m x-notata chelata (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Zilla x. c. Franganillo, 1909: 189 (Dmf).
Zilla x. c. Franganillo, 1910: 17, f. 7 (mf).
m x-notata percechelata (Franganillo, 1909)....................Portugal
Zilla x. p. Franganillo, 1909: 189 (Dm).
Zilla x. p. Franganillo, 1910: 17 (m).