The World Spider Catalog, V2.0 by N. I. Platnick © 2000, 2001 AMNH

The World Spider Catalog, Version 2.0
by Norman I. Platnick
© Copyright 2000, 2001 American Museum of Natural History. All Rights Reserved.

FAM. ZORIDAE F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893

Last updated Oct. 16, 2000

Transferred to other families:
Raecius Simon, 1892 -- see Zorocratidae.
Takeoa Lehtinen, 1967 -- see Zoropsidae.
Tunabo Chamberlin, 1916 -- see Lycosidae.
Uduba Simon, 1880 -- see Zorocratidae.
Xenoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1938 -- see Tunabo under Lycosidae.
Zorocrates Simon, 1888 -- see Zorocratidae.
Zorodictyna Strand, 1907 -- see Zorocratidae.
Zoropsis Simon, 1878 -- see Zoropsidae.

In synonymy:
Ctenomma Thorell, 1890 = Simonus Ritsema, 1881 (Lehtinen, 1967: 264).
Diactenus Mello-Leitão, 1938 = Odo Keyserling, 1887 (Lehtinen, 1967: 228).
Elassoctenus Simon, 1909 = Diallomus Simon, 1897 (Lehtinen, 1967: 228).
Horioctenus Chamberlin, 1916 = Odo Keyserling, 1887 (Lehtinen, 1967: 239).

Incertae sedis:
"Asthenoctenus" tigrinus Mello-Leitão, 1938a: 100, f. 15 (f, Argentina) -- T here by Simó & Eickstedt, 1994: 10.

Gen. Argoctenus L. Koch, 1878

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 216; considered a senior synonym of Aenigmaaranea Strand, 1929 (previously considered a junior synonym of Nilus O. P.-Cambridge, 1876, Pisauridae) by Davies, 1985: 123.

Transferred to other genera:
A. aureus Hogg, 1911 -- see Nemoctenus under Ctenidae.

f australianus (Karsch, 1878)....................New South Wales
Aenigma australiana Karsch, 1878c: 825 (Df).
Aetola a. Karsch, 1880c: 385.
Nilus a. Simon, 1898a: 290.
Aenigmaaranea a. Strand, 1929: 11 (generic replacement name).
A. a. Davies, 1985: 123 (Tf from Aenigmaaranea).

f devisi Rainbow, 1898....................New Guinea
A. d. Rainbow, 1898a: 350, pl. 7, f. 12 (Df).

m gracilis (Hickman, 1950)....................South Australia
Odo g. Hickman, 1950: 8, f. 8-10 (Dm).
A. g. Davies, 1985: 123 (Tm from Odo).

f hystriculus Simon, 1909....................Western Australia
A. h. Simon, 1909d: 164 (Df).

f igneus L. Koch, 1878 *....................Western Australia
A. i. L. Koch, 1878a: 990, pl. 86, f. 4 (Df).

f nebulosus Simon, 1909....................Western Australia
A. n. Simon, 1909d: 163 (Df).

f pectinatus Hogg, 1900....................Victoria
A. p. Hogg, 1900: 106, pl. 16, f. 1 (Df).

f pictus L. Koch, 1878....................Australia
A. p. L. Koch, 1878a: 992, pl. 86, f. 5 (Df).

j vittatus (Simon, 1889)....................Australia, New Caledonia
Miturgina vittata Simon, 1889c: 244 (Dj).
A. v. Simon, 1897a: 130.

f vittatus (Rainbow, 1920)....................Lord Howe Is.
Cycloctenus v. Rainbow, 1920b: 262, pl. 30, f. 96-99 (Df).
A. v. Lehtinen, 1967: 216 (Tf from Cycloctenus; a junior homonym of A. vittatus (Simon, 1888) but possibly S of that name as well).

Gen. Diallomus Simon, 1897

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Elassoctenus Simon, 1909 and transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 228.

j fuliginosus Simon, 1897 *....................Sri Lanka
D. f. Simon, 1897a: 119, f. 112-113 (Dj).

f harpax (Simon, 1909)....................Western Australia
Elassoctenus h. Simon, 1909d: 165 (Df).

f speciosus Simon, 1897....................Sri Lanka
D. s. Simon, 1897a: 119 (Df).

Gen. Hestimodema Simon, 1909

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 238.

mf ambigua Simon, 1909 *....................Western Australia
H. a. Simon, 1909d: 166 (Dmf).
H. a. Lehtinen, 1967: 238, f. 400 (m).

f latevittata Simon, 1909....................Western Australia
H. l. Simon, 1909d: 167 (Df).
H. l. Lehtinen, 1967: 238, f. 404 (f).

Gen. Neoctenus Simon, 1897

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 374.

f comosus Simon, 1897 *....................Brazil
N. c. Simon, 1897a: 124, f. 122 (Df).
N. c. Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 75, f. 59 (f).

f eximius Mello-Leitão, 1938....................Brazil
N. e. Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 314, f. 4 (Df).

m finneganae Mello-Leitão, 1948....................Guyana
N. f. Mello-Leitão, 1948: 174, f. 18 (Dm).

Gen. Odo Keyserling, 1887

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Horioctenus Chamberlin, 1916 and Diactenus Mello-Leitão, 1938 and transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 253.

Transferred to other genera:
O. gracilis Hickman, 1950 -- see Argoctenus.
O. hursti Bryant, 1948 -- see Trujillina under Ctenidae.

f agilis Simon, 1897....................St. Thomas
O. a. Simon, 1897b: 498 (Df).
O. a. Simon, 1897a: 120, f. 118-119.

mf ariguanabo Alayón, 1995....................Cuba
O. a. Alayón, 1995e: 4, f. 1A-C (Dmf).

mf australiensis Hickman, 1944....................Central Australia
O. a. Hickman, 1944: 40, pl. 3, f. 31-34 (Dmf).

m blumenauensis Mello-Leitão, 1927....................Brazil
O. b. Mello-Leitão, 1927c: 405, pl. 15, f. 1-2 (Dm).
O. b. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 28, pl. 4, f. 54 (m).

f bruchi (Mello-Leitão, 1938)....................Argentina
Diactenus b. Mello-Leitão, 1938a: 103, f. 19-20 (Df).

f cubanus (Franganillo, 1946)....................Cuba
Ctenonima cubana Franganillo, 1946: 101, f. 5n (Df).
Simonus c. Platnick, 1993c: 680.
O. c. Alayón, 1995e: 3 (Tf from Simonus).

j drescoi (Caporiacco, 1955)....................Venezuela
Horioctenus d. Caporiacco, 1955: 399 (Dj).
O. d. Brignoli, 1983c: 590.

mf galapagoensis Banks, 1902....................Galapagos Is.
O. g. Banks, 1902c: 64, pl. 2, f. 2 (Df).
O. g. Banks, 1930b: 276, pl. 1, f. 5 (Dm).
O. g. Baert, 1987b: 153, f. 37-38 (mf).

j gigliolii Caporiacco, 1947....................Guyana
O. g. Caporiacco, 1947a: 28 (Dj).

j incertus Caporiacco, 1955....................Venezuela
O. i. Caporiacco, 1955: 400 (Dj).

mf insularis Banks, 1902....................Galapagos Is.
O. i. Banks, 1902c: 64, pl. 1, f. 14, pl. 2, f. 12 (Dmf).
O. i. Baert, 1987b: 154, f. 35-36 (mf).

f keyserlingi Kraus, 1955....................El Salvador
O. k. Kraus, 1955b: 52, f. 138 (Df).

f lenis Keyserling, 1887 *....................Nicaragua
O. l. Keyserling, 1887b: 455, pl. 6, f. 36 (Df).

f limitatus Gertsch & Davis, 1940....................Mexico
O. l. Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 1, f. 12 (Df).

f lycosoides (Chamberlin, 1916)....................Peru
Horioctenus l. Chamberlin, 1916: 266, pl. 21, f. 2-4 (Df).

m obscurus Mello-Leitão, 1936....................Brazil
O. o. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 28, pl. 3, f. 55-56 (Dm).

f patricius Simon, 1900....................Chile
O. p. Simon, 1900c: 53 (Df).

mf pulcher Keyserling, 1891....................Brazil
O. p. Keyserling, 1891: 42, pl. 1, f. 18 (Dmf).
O. p. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 28, pl. 2, f. 52 (f).

m roseus (Mello-Leitão, 1941)....................Argentina
Horioctenus r. Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 158, f. 53, pl. 8, f. 36 (Dm).

f sericeus (Mello-Leitão, 1944)....................Argentina
Horioctenus s. Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 350, f. 41 (Df).

m serrimanus Mello-Leitão, 1936....................Brazil
O. s. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 29, pl. 4, f. 57 (Dm).
O. s. Mello-Leitão, 1943a: 197, f. 26 (m).

mf similis Keyserling, 1891....................Brazil
O. s. Keyserling, 1891: 44, pl. 1, f. 19 (Dmf).
O. s. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 28, pl. 2, f. 53 (f).

f vittatus (Mello-Leitão, 1936)....................Brazil
Horioctenus v. Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 27, pl. 2, f. 50 (Df).

Gen. Odomasta Simon, 1909

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 253.

m guttipes (Simon, 1903) *....................Tasmania
Odo g. Simon, 1903d: 29 (Dm).
O. g. Simon, 1909d: 167.

Gen. Simonus Ritsema, 1881

N.B.: Roewer (1955b: 601) listed Ctenonima Franganillo, 1946 as a corinnine genus (for unknown reasons, as Franganillo's description immediately follows one of a Syrisca species under a "Liocraninae" heading). However, Franganillo did not describe a new genus for the species he described as Ctenonima cubana, and evidently did not intend to do so. His statement (1946: 102) that "Dice E. Simon que la única especie del género es de Nueva Caledonia" indicates that Ctenonima is merely a lapsus for Ctenomma Thorell, 1890, which was listed in Simon's Histoire naturelle as having a single species, from New Caledonia (Franganillo's only illustration for the species, of the eye pattern, shows a ctenid-like arrangement); Ctenomma was placed as a junior synonym of Simonus and transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 264.

Transferred to other genera:
S. cubanus (Franganillo, 1946) -- see Odo.

mf lineatus (Simon, 1880) *....................Western Australia
Ctenophthalmus l. Simon, 1880i: 174 (Df).
S. l. Ritsema, 1881: XCI (generic replacement name).
Ctenomma lineatum Thorell, 1890c: 131 (superfluous generic replacement name).
Ctenomma lineatum Simon, 1897a: 136, f. 141.
Ctenomma lineatum Simon, 1909d: 168 (Dm).
S. l. Lehtinen, 1967: 264, f. 406, 408 (mf).

Gen. Thasyraea L. Koch, 1878

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 269.

f lepida L. Koch, 1878....................New South Wales
T. l. L. Koch, 1878a: 984, pl. 86, f. 2 (Df).

f ornata L. Koch, 1878 *....................Queensland
T. o. L. Koch, 1878a: 983, pl. 86, f. 1 (Df).

Gen. Voraptus Simon, 1898

N.B.: transferred here from the Pisauridae by Lehtinen, 1967: 274.

m aerius Simon, 1898....................Congo
V. a. Simon, 1898f: 23 (Dm).

f affinis Lessert, 1925....................South Africa
V. a. Lessert, 1925b: 332, f. 5 (Df).

m exilipes (Lucas, 1858)....................Gabon
Dolomedes e. Lucas, 1858: 385, pl. 12, f. 1, 1a (Dm).
V. e. Simon, 1898a: 371.

f extensus Lessert, 1916....................East Africa
V. e. Lessert, 1916: 591, f. 23-26 (Df).

f orientalis Hogg, 1919....................Sumatra
V. o. Hogg, 1919: 98, pl. 10, f. 8 (Df).

mf tenellus (Simon, 1893) *....................Seychelles
Dendrolycosa tenella Simon, 1893g: 208 (Dmf).
V. t. Simon, 1898a: 316.
V. t. Benoit, 1978k: 945, f. 3A-B (f).

Gen. Zora C. L. Koch, 1847

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 276.

In synonymy:
Z. nigrimana Schenkel, 1927 = Z. alpina Kulczyn'ski, 1915 (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 454).

f affinis Drensky, 1936....................Balkans
Z. sp. Drensky, 1929: 20, 66, pl. 2, f. 3 (f).
Z. a. Drensky, 1936: 131 (Df).
Z. drenskii Roewer, 1951: 447 (Df, objective junior synonym).

f alpina Kulczyn'ski, 1915....................Switzerland, Austria
Z. a. Kulczyn'ski, 1915: 935 (Df).
Z. nigrimana Schenkel, 1927b: 255, f. 15 (Df).
Z. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 454, f. 1194 (f, S).

mf armillata Simon, 1878....................Europe, Russia
Z. a. Simon, 1878a: 320 (Dm).
Z. letifera Falconer, 1912: 317, f. 1-4 (Dm).
Z. a. Simon, 1932: 933, 968, f. 1324 (m).
Z. a. Tullgren, 1946: 72, pl. 12, f. 146-148 (m, Df).
Z. a. Millidge & Locket, 1955: 163, f. 1C, 2D (mf).
Z. a. Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 20, f. 9D, 10D (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1985: 94, f. 37b (mf).
Z. a. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 456, f. 1200 (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1995: 145, f. (mf).
Z. a. Roberts, 1998: 154, f. (mf).

mf distincta Kulczyn'ski, 1915....................Eastern Europe
Z. d. Kulczyn'ski, 1915: 937 (Dmf).
Z. d. Miller, 1947: 89, pl. XIII, f. 14-15 (m).
Z. d. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 456, f. 1197 (mf).

mf hespera Corey & Mott, 1991....................USA, Canada
Z. h. Corey & Mott, 1991: 60, f. 8-14 (Dmf).
Z. h. Bennett & Brumwell, 1996: 106, f. 1-4 (mf).

f inornata L. Koch, 1882....................Mallorca
Z. i. L. Koch, 1882: 639, pl. 20, f. 19 (Df).

m jaffana Strand, 1915....................Israel
Z. j. Strand, 1915c: 160 (Dm).

mf lyriformis Song, Zhu & Gao, 1993....................China
Z. l. Song, Zhu & Gao, 1993: 87, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
Z. l. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 465, f. 267K, O (mf).

j maculosa Roewer, 1951....................Syria, Israel
Hecaerge maculata O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 257 (Dj; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1832).
Z. m. Roewer, 1951: 447 (replacement name).

mf manicata Simon, 1878....................Europe, Ukraine
Z. m. Simon, 1878a: 318 (Dmf).
Z. m. Miller, 1947: 88, pl. XIV, f. 13-16 (mf).
Z. m. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 1192 (mf).

mf nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)....................Palearctic
Hecaerge n. Blackwall, 1861b: 441 (Dmf).
Hecaerge n. O. P.-Cambridge, 1873a: 433, pl. 33, f. 1 (m).
Z. n. Menge, 1875: 401, pl. 68, f. 227 (mf).
Z. n. Becker, 1896: 308, pl. 17, f. 17 (mf).
Z. n. Bösenberg, 1902: 254, pl. 23, f. 367 (mf).
Z. n. Dahl & Dahl, 1927: 5, f. 1-2 (mf).
Z. n. Simon, 1932: 932, 934, 968, f. 1421-1422, 1426 (mf).
Z. n. Holm, 1945b: 68, f. 22a-b (mf).
Z. n. Tullgren, 1946: 73, f. 22B, pl. 12, f. 149-151 (mf).
Z. n. Miller, 1947: 88, pl. XIV, f. 5-8 (mf).
Z. n. Locket & Millidge, 1951: 159, f. 80A, H (mf).
Z. n. Millidge & Locket, 1955c: 163, f. 1E-F, 2B, F (mf).
Z. n. Braendegaard, 1966: 209, f. 176-177 (mf).
Z. n. Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 20, f. 9F-G, 10E (mf).
Z. n. Paik, 1978e: 406, f. 183.1-4 (mf).
Z. n. Roberts, 1985: 94, f. 37c (mf).
Z. n. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 456, f. 1198 (mf).
Z. n. Song, Zhu & Gao, 1993: 89, f. 10-13 (m).
Z. n. Roberts, 1995: 145, f. (mf).
Z. n. Roberts, 1998: 154, f. (mf).
Z. n. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 465, f. 267P-Q (m).

mf nemoralis palmgreni Holm, 1945....................Sweden
Z. n. p. Holm, 1945b: 68, f. 22c-d (Dmf).

f opiniosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1872....................Lebanon
Z. o. O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 258, pl. 16, f. 43 (Df).

mf parallela Simon, 1878....................Europe, Russia
Z. p. Simon, 1878a: 323, pl. 16, f. 9 (Dmf).
Z. p. Tullgren, 1946: 75, pl. 12, f. 152 (f).
Z. p. Denis, 1966g: 180, f. 1-4 (mf).
Z. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 454, f. 1196 (mf).
Z. p. Pozzi & Hänggi, 1998: 38, f. 16-18 (mf).
Z. p. Roberts, 1998: 155, f. (mf).

mf pardalis Simon, 1878....................Europe to Kazakhstan
Z. p. Simon, 1878a: 322 (Dmf).
Z. p. Bösenberg, 1902: 254, pl. 24, f. 368 (mf).
Z. p. Denis, 1933a: 584, f. 4 (m).
Z. p. Miller, 1947: 89, pl. XIV, f. 17 (m).
Z. p. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 454, f. 1195 (f).
Z. p. Roberts, 1998: 155, f. (mf).

f prespaensis Drensky, 1929....................Balkans
Z. p. Drensky, 1929: 19, 65, pl. 2, f. 1-2 (Df).

mf pumila (Hentz, 1850)....................USA
Katadysas pumilus Hentz, 1850: 287, pl. 10, f. 16 (Df).
Z. p. Simon, 1897a: 135.
Z. spinimana Emerton, 1911: 403, pl. 5, f. 5 (f, misidentified).
Z. p. Comstock, 1912: 573, f. 651.
Z. p. Kaston, 1948: 385, f. 1379-1382 (f, Dm).
Z. p. Corey & Mott, 1991: 57, f. 1-7 (mf).

mf silvestris Kulczyn'ski, 1897....................Europe to Central Asia
Z. s. Kulczyn'ski, in Chyser & Kulczyn'ski, 1897: 250, pl. 10, f. 13 (Dmf).
Z. s. Palmgren, 1943: 76, f.
Z. s. Tullgren, 1946: 76, f. 22C, pl. 12, f. 153 (f).
Z. s. Miller, 1947: 88, pl. XIV, f. 9-12 (mf).
Z. s. Millidge & Locket, 1955: 161, f. 1A-B, 2A, G (mf).
Z. s. Cooke, 1963: 155, f. 1, 9 (mf).
Z. s. Braendegaard, 1966: 211, f. 178 (f).
Z. s. Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 17, f. 9B-C, 10A-B (mf).
Z. s. Thaler, 1982c: 403, f. 18-22 (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1985: 94, f. 37d (mf).
Z. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 454, f. 1193 (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1995: 146, f. (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1998: 154, f. (mf).

mf spinimana (Sundevall, 1833) *....................Palearctic
Lycaena s. Sundevall, 1833a: 266 (Df).
Hecaerge maculata Blackwall, 1832: 193 (Dmf).
Lycodia s. Sundevall, 1833b: 22.
Hecaerge maculata Blackwall, 1834b: 413, pl. 3, f. 8 (mf).
Dolomedes spinimanus C. L. Koch, 1835: 128, pl. 23-24.
Dolomedes lycaena Walckenaer, 1837: 348 (Dmf).
Z. s. C. L. Koch, 1847: 102, f. 1343-1344 (f, Dm).
Psilothra s. Gistel, 1848: 9 (replacement name for Hecaerge, preoccupied).
Hecaerge s. Blackwall, 1861a: 41, pl. 3, f. 21 (mf).
Z. lycaena Thorell, 1870b: 140.
Z. maculata Menge, 1875: 400, pl. 68, f. 226 (mf).
Z. maculata Hansen, 1882: 51, pl. 3, f. 10 (mf).
Z. s. Becker, 1896: 306, pl. 17, f. 15 (mf).
Z. s. Simon, 1897a: 135, f. 134-140 (mf).
Z. maculata Bösenberg, 1902: 254, pl. 23, f. 366 (mf).
Z. s. Dahl & Dahl, 1927: 5, f. 3-5 (mf).
Z. s. Simon, 1932: 933, 968, f. 1423, 1425 (mf).
Z. s. Palmgren, 1943: 73, f.
Z. s. Tullgren, 1946: 71, f. 21, 22A, pl. 11, f. 142-145 (mf).
Z. s. Miller, 1947: 87, pl. XIV, f. 1-4 (mf).
Z. s. Locket & Millidge, 1951: 156, f. 4B, 79C, 80B, D, F (mf).
Z. s. Millidge & Locket, 1955: 163, f. 1D, 2C, E (mf).
Z. s. Braendegaard, 1966: 207, f. 173-175 (mf).
Z. s. Yaginuma, 1973c: 250, f. 1 (m).
Z. s. Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 20, f. 9E, 10C (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1985: 94, f. 37a (mf).
Z. s. Barrientos & Urones, 1985: 356, f. 3c-d (m).
Z. s. Yaginuma, 1986a: 195, f. 109.2 (m).
Z. s. Chikuni, 1989b: 132, f. 1 (m).
Z. s. Hu & Wu, 1989: 308, f. 247.1-2 (m).
Z. s. Izmailova, 1989: 46, f. 34 (f).
Z. s. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 456, f. 1199 (mf).
Z. s. Song, Zhu & Gao, 1993: 88, f. 7-9 (f).
Z. s. Roberts, 1995: 144, f. (mf).
Z. s. Roberts, 1998: 153, f. (mf).
Z. s. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 466, f. 267L (f).

Gen. Zoroides Berland, 1924

N.B.: transferred here from the Ctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 276.

f dalmasi Berland, 1924 *....................New Caledonia
Z. d. Berland, 1924a: 235, f. 168-173 (Df).