In synonymy:
Paracantheis Kraus, 1955 = Acanthoctenus Keyserling, 1877 (Lehtinen, 1967: 208, 256)

type Acanthoctenus spiniger Keyserling, 1877; gender masculine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Paracantheis Kraus, 1955b: 51 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04955] (type P. virginea Kraus, 1955) by Lehtinen, 1967: 256.

Transferred to other genera:
Acanthoctenus andicola Simon, 1906 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus bahiensis Strand, 1910 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus exilis Mello-Leitão, 1936 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 -- see Asthenoctenus
Acanthoctenus impar Dahl, 1901 -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947) -- see Gephyroctenus
Acanthoctenus lineatus Tullgren, 1905 -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus mammifer Mello-Leitão, 1939 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus marshi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus misionesicus Mello-Leitão, 1945 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus omega (Mello-Leitão, 1929) -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus paraguayensis Strand, 1909 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus penicillatus Caporiacco, 1955 -- see Centroctenus
Acanthoctenus ridleyi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus saraensis Strand, 1910 -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus sericeus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) -- see Nothroctenus
Acanthoctenus silvicola Soares & Soares, 1946 -- see Viracucha
Acanthoctenus spinulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) -- see Nothroctenus

Acanthoctenus spinigerus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 356, pl. 33, f. 13 (f; misidentified per Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 37).
Acanthoctenus spinipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 356, pl. 33, f. 15 (f; misidentified per Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 37).
Acanthoctenus spiniger Lehtinen, 1967: 208, f. 414, 420 (mf; misidentified per Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 37; N.B.: m, f. 420, shows another species).
Acanthoctenus alux Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 37, f. 35A-B, 36A-D, 37A-B (Df).

Acanthoctenus chickeringi Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 39, f. 5A-F, 6A-E, 7A-F, 8A-D, 9A-B, 38A-E, 39A-D, 40A-D, 41A-B (Dmf).

Acanthoctenus dumicola Simon, 1906b: 289 (Df).
Acanthoctenus dumicola Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 21, f. 19A-B, 20A-F, 21A-B (f, removed from S of Acanthoctenus spiniger, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 208).

Acanthoctenus spinipes Simon, 1893b: 430 (m, misidentified).
Acanthoctenus gaujoni Simon, 1906b: 290, f. 2B (Dmf).
Acanthoctenus gaujoni Bosselaers, 2002: 152, f. 3B, 5A-B (mf).
Acanthoctenus gaujoni Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 23, f. 22A-E, 23A-D, 24A-D, 25A-B (mf).

Phymatoctenus kollari Reimoser, 1939: 369, f. 9 (Df).
Paracantheis kollari Kraus, 1955b: 51 (Tf from Phymatoctenus).
Acanthoctenus kolleri Lehtinen, 1967: 208, 259 (lapsus, T from Paracantheis/Phymatoctenus, possibly S of another species of Acanthoctenus).
Acanthoctenus kollari Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 30, f. 29A-B, 30A-B, D-E (f).

Acanthoctenus lamarrei Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 44, f. 42A-E, 43A-B (Dm).

Acanthoctenus maculatus Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 95 (Djj).
Acanthoctenus maculatus Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 53 (species inquirenda in Acanthocteninae).

Acanthoctenus manauara Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 46, f. 1A-C, 2A-B, 3A-C, 44A-E, 45A-D, 46A-D, 47A-B (Dmf).

Acanthoctenus obauratus Simon, 1906b: 289, f. 2C (Df).
Acanthoctenus obauratus Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 53 (incertae sedis in Acanthocteninae).

Acanthoctenus plebejus Simon, 1906b: 291, f. 2A (Df).
Acanthoctenus plebejus Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 28, f. 26A-B, 27A-D, 28A-B (f).

Acanthoctenus remotus Chickering, 1961b: 81, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
Acanthoctenus remotus Polotow & Brescovit, 2012b: 40, f. 1A-D (mf).
Acanthoctenus remotus Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 36, f. 34A-D (mf).

Acanthoctenus rubrotaeniatus Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 268, pl. 37, f. 23 (Df).
Acanthoctenus rubrotaeniatus Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 53 (incertae sedis in Acanthocteninae).

Acanthoctenus spinigerus Keyserling, 1877a: 693, pl. 8, f. 60 (Dm; N.B.: the correct form of the Latin adjective is spiniger).
Acanthoctenus spiniger Simon, 1892a: 229.
Acanthoctenus spinigerus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897b: 102, pl. 4, f. 3b (m).
Acanthoctenus spinigerus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 356, pl. 33, f. 12 (m; f see Acanthoctenus alux).
Acanthoctenus spinigerus Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 192, f. 12 (mf).
Acanthoctenus spiniger Lehtinen, 1967: 208 (S of Acanthoctenus dumicola, rejected by Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 21; f. 414, 420 mf see Acanthoctenus alux).
Acanthoctenus spinigerus Forster & Wilton, 1973: 293, f. 1042 (m).
Acanthoctenus spiniger Silva-Dávila, 2003: 49, f. 19d (m).
Acanthoctenus spiniger Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 12, f. 11A-D, 12A-D, 13A-C, 14A-B (m, Df).

Acanthoctenus spinipes Keyserling, 1877a: 695, pl. 8, f. 61 (Df).
Acanthoctenus spinipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897b: 103, pl. 4, f. 3d (Dm).
Acanthoctenus spinipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 356, pl. 33, f. 14 (m; f see Acanthoctenus alux).
Acanthoctenus spinipes Lehtinen, 1967: 208 (S of Paracantheis virginea, rejected by Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 31).
Acanthoctenus spinipes Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 17, f. 15A-E, 16A-D, 17A-C, 18A-B (mf).

Acanthoctenus torotoro Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 50, f. 4A-B, 48A-E, 49A-B (Dm).

Paracantheis virginea Kraus, 1955b: 51, f. 134-137 (Dmf).
Acanthoctenus spinipes Lehtinen, 1967: 208 (S of Paracantheis virginea, rejected by Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 31).
Acanthoctenus virginea Arizala, Labarque & Polotow, 2021: 31, f. 31A-D, 32A-D, 33A-D (mf, removed from S of Acanthoctenus spinipes, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 208).