In synonymy:
Leitanoctenus Soares & Camargo, 1948 = Nothroctenus Badcock, 1932 (Lehtinen, 1967: 244)
Mesoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 = Nothroctenus Badcock, 1932 (Lehtinen, 1967: 248, preoccupied)

type Nothroctenus stupidus Badcock, 1932; gender masculine

N.B.: considered a junior synonym of Mesoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929c: 100 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04956] (type M. sericeus Mello-Leitão, 1929) (preoccupied in Mammalia by Thomas, 1918) and a senior synonym of Leitanoctenus Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 384 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04957] (type Mesoctenus sericeus Mello-Leitão, 1929) by Lehtinen, 1967: 244, 248 (both removed from the synonymy of Acanthoctenus, contra Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 192 and Roewer, 1955c: 1288).

In synonymy:
Nothroctenus impar (Dahl, 1901, T from Acanthoctenus) = Nothroctenus marshi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Lehtinen, 1967: 252).
Nothroctenus marshi pygmaeus (Strand, 1909) = Nothroctenus marshi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Nentwig et al., 2019: 38).
Nothroctenus saraensis (Strand, 1909, T from Acanthoctenus) = Nothroctenus marshi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Lehtinen, 1967: 252).

Nothroctenus bahiensis Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 25, pl. 4, f. 47-48 (Dm).

Nothroctenus fuxico Dias & Brescovit, 2004: 791, f. 4-18 (Dmf).

Acanthoctenus lineatus Tullgren, 1905: 19, pl. 2, f. 4 (Dmf).
Acanthoctenus lineatus Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 191, f. 8-9 (mf).
Nothroctenus lineatus Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Acanthoctenus).

Acanthoctenus marshi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897b: 103, pl. 4, f. 3a, c (Df).
Acanthoctenus impar Dahl, 1901a: 188 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062504].
Acanthoctenus saraensis Strand, 1909i: 408 (Dm; f see Viracucha andicola) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062505].
Acanthoctenus impar pygmaeus Strand, 1909i: 404 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020771].
Acanthoctenus marshi Petrunkevitch, 1910: 206, pl. 21, f. 1 (f).
Acanthoctenus marshi Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 189, f. 4-5 (f, Dm).
Acanthoctenus impar Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 197, f. 13 (mf).
Nothroctenus marshii Lehtinen, 1967: 252, f. 417, 419 (mf, T from Acanthoctenus, S of Acanthoctenus impar and A. saraensis).
Nothroctenus marshii Silva-Dávila, 2003: 49, f. 19c (m).
Nothroctenus marshi Nentwig et al., 2019: 38 (S of Nothroctenus marshi pygmaeus).

Mesoctenus omega Mello-Leitão, 1929c: 101, f. 13 (Df).
Acanthoctenus omega Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 190, f. 6-7 (f, Dm).
Nothroctenus omega Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Acanthoctenus).

Mesoctenus sericeus Mello-Leitão, 1929c: 100, f. 11 (Df).
Acanthoctenus sericeus Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 200, f. 18 (f).
Nothroctenus sericeus Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Acanthoctenus).

Mesoctenus spinulosus Mello-Leitão, 1929c: 101, f. 12 (Dm).
Mesoctenus spinulosus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 25 (Df).
Acanthoctenus spinulosus Mello-Leitão, 1936c: 191, f. 10-11 (mf).
Leitanoctenus spinulosus Soares & Camargo, 1948a: 384.
Nothroctenus spinulosus Lehtinen, 1967: 252 (T from Leitanoctenus).

Nothroctenus stupidus Badcock, 1932: 31, f. 33 (Df).