World Spider Catalog Archive Version 25.0, generated on 2024-07-15

Family: Synotaxidae Simon,1895 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0027] Detail
N.B.: originally as Synotaxeae Simon, 1894a: 494 (based on a generic nomen nudum), genus and family name in fact validated by the description of Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895g: 131; for a diagnosis and discussions of subfamilies, limits, and relationships, see Forster, Platnick & Coddington, 1990; with exception of Synotaxus, all other genera transferred from the Synotaxidae to the Physoglenidae by Dimitrov et al., 2017: 24; four genera transferred from the Theridiidae (Tekellina) and Nesticidae (Gaucelmus, Hamus, Nescina; confirmed by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 344) to the Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al., 2022: 81.
Transferred to other families:
Calcarsynotaxus Wunderlich, 1995 -- see Physoglenidae
Chileotaxus Platnick, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Mangua Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Meringa Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Microsynotaxus Wunderlich, 2008 -- see Physoglenidae
Nomaua Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Pahora Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Pahoroides Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Paratupua Platnick, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Physoglenes Simon, 1904 -- see Physoglenidae
Runga Forster, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Tupua Platnick, 1990 -- see Physoglenidae
Zeatupua Fitzgerald & Sirvid, 2009 -- see Physoglenidae
Gen. Gaucelmus Keyserling, 1884 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00658] Detail
type Gaucelmus augustinus Keyserling, 1884; gender masculine
N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Nesticus Thorell, 1870 by Gertsch, 1971: 96; transferred from the Nesticidae to the Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al., 2022: 81 (confirmed by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 344).
In synonymy:
Gaucelmus eigenmanni (Banks, 1902, T from Theridion) = Gaucelmus augustinus Keyserling, 1884 (Levi, 1957a: 21).
Gaucelmus santaanae (Kraus, 1955) = Gaucelmus augustinus Keyserling, 1884 (Gertsch, 1984: 6).
Gaucelmus augustinus Keyserling, 1884 * | m f | North, Central America, Caribbean     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006586]
Gaucelmus augustinus Keyserling, 1884a: 99, pl. 5, f. 65 (Df).
Nesticus augustinus Simon, 1895a: 779.
Theridion eigenmanni Banks, 1902b: 97 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040430].
Theridion santaanae Kraus, 1955b: 16, f. 31-33 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040431].
Gaucelmus augustinus Levi, 1957a: 21 (S of Theridion eigenmanni).
Gaucelmus augustinus Gertsch, 1971: 96 (T from Nesticus).
Gaucelmus augustinus Brignoli, 1979c: 438, f. 6-7 (f).
Gaucelmus santaanae Brignoli, 1979c: 439 (T from Theridion).
Gaucelmus augustinus Roth, 1982: 31-1, f. 1-2, 7 (mf).
Gaucelmus augustinus Gertsch, 1984: 6, f. 2-11, 15-16, 23-25 (mf, S of Theridion santaanae).
Gaucelmus augustinus Roth, 1985: B27-2, f. 1-2, 7 (mf).
Gaucelmus augustinus Roth, 1994: 137, f. 1-2 (mf).
Gaucelmus calidus Gertsch, 1971 | m f | Mexico, Guatemala     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006587]
Gaucelmus calidus Gertsch, 1971: 96, f. 149-150 (Dmf).
Gaucelmus calidus Brignoli, 1972i: 147, f. 34-39 (mf).
Gaucelmus calidus Gertsch, 1984: 13, f. 12-13, 19-20, 29-31 (mf).
Gaucelmus calidus Ramírez et al., 2022: 88, f. 13A-D (m).
Gaucelmus cavernicola (Petrunkevitch, 1910) | m f | Jamaica     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006588]
Theridionexus cavernicolus Petrunkevitch, 1910: 209, pl. 21, f. 6-7, pl. 22, f. 30-34, 37 (Dmf).
Gaucelmus cavernicola Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980: 52 (Tmf from Nesticus).
Gaucelmus cavernicola Gertsch, 1984: 11, f. 14, 17-18, 26-28 (mf).
Gaucelmus pygmaeus Gertsch, 1984 | m | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006589]
Gaucelmus pygmaeus Gertsch, 1984: 15, f. 298 (Dm).
Gaucelmus strinatii Brignoli, 1979 | f | Guatemala     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006590]
Gaucelmus strinatii Brignoli, 1979c: 437, f. 5, 8 (Df).
Gaucelmus tropicus Gertsch, 1984 | m f | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006591]
Gaucelmus tropicus Gertsch, 1984: 15, f. 21-22, 32-34 (Dmf).
Gen. Hamus Ballarin & Li, 2015 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04271] Detail
type Hamus bowoensis Ballarin & Li, 2015; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Nesticidae to the Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al., 2022: 81 (confirmed by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 344).
Hamus bowoensis Ballarin & Li, 2015 * | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047726]
Hamus bowoensis Ballarin & Li, 2015: 180, f. 1A-D, 2A-F (Dmf).
Hamus cornutus Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 | m f | China, Laos     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048820]
Hamus cornutus Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016: 10, f. 1A-D, 2A-G (Dmf).
Hamus kangdingensis Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 | m | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048821]
Hamus kangdingensis Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016: 11, f. 3A-G (Dm).
Hamus luzon Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 | f | Philippines     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048822]
Hamus luzon Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016: 15, f. 4A-F (Df).
Hamus mangunensis Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 | m | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048823]
Hamus mangunensis Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016: 17, f. 5A-D (Dm).
Gen. Nescina Ballarin & Li, 2015 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04272] Detail
type Nescina minuta Ballarin & Li, 2015; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Nesticidae to the Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al., 2022: 81 (confirmed by Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 344).
Nescina kohi Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 | m f | Singapore     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048824]
Nescina kohi Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016: 20, f. 6A-D, 7A-G (Dmf).
Nescina minuta Ballarin & Li, 2015 * | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047727]
Nescina minuta Ballarin & Li, 2015: 183, f. 3A-D, 4A-F (Dmf).
Gen. Synotaxus Simon, 1895 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00650] Detail
type Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Theridiidae to the Synotaxidae by Forster, Platnick & Coddington, 1990: 96.
In synonymy:
Synotaxus anomalus (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) = Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895 (Exline & Levi, 1965: 179).
Synotaxus pupularum Exline & Levi, 1965 = Synotaxus monoceros (Caporiacco, 1947) (Agnarsson, 2003: 726).
Synotaxus uncatus Simon, 1895 = Synotaxus longicaudatus (Keyserling, 1891) (Exline & Levi, 1965: 181).
Synotaxus wallsi Exline, 1950 = Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895 (Exline & Levi, 1965: 179).
Synotaxus bonaldoi Santos & Rheims, 2005 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039754]
Synotaxus bonaldoi Santos & Rheims, 2005: 5, f. 2, 7-10 (Dmf).
Synotaxus brescoviti Santos & Rheims, 2005 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039755]
Synotaxus brescoviti Santos & Rheims, 2005: 2, f. 1, 3-6 (Dmf).
Synotaxus ecuadorensis Exline, 1950 | m f | Costa Rica to Ecuador     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006538]
Synotaxus ecuadorensis Exline, 1950a: 120, 3, 13 (Dm).
Synotaxus ecuadorensis Exline & Levi, 1965: 182, f. 22-27 (m, Df).
Synotaxus itabaiana Santos & Rheims, 2005 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039756]
Synotaxus itabaiana Santos & Rheims, 2005: 9, f. 15-18 (Dmf).
Synotaxus jaraguari Souza, Brescovit & Araujo, 2017 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049515]
Synotaxus jaraguari Souza, Brescovit & Araujo, 2017: 141, f. 1, 2A-F, 3A-D, 4A-D (Dmf).
Synotaxus leticia Exline & Levi, 1965 | m | Colombia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006539]
Synotaxus leticia Exline & Levi, 1965: 183, f. 33-34 (Dm).
Synotaxus longicaudatus (Keyserling, 1891) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006540]
Argyrodes longicaudatus Keyserling, 1891: 209, pl. 8, f. 150 (Dmf).
Synotaxus uncatus Simon, 1894a: 495, f. 495-497 (nomen nudum).
Synotaxus uncatus Simon, 1895g: 131 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055831].
Synotaxus longicaudatus Exline & Levi, 1965: 181, f. 16-21 (mf, S of Synotaxus uncatus).
Synotaxus monoceros (Caporiacco, 1947) | m f | Trinidad, Guyana, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006541]
Argyrodina monoceros Caporiacco, 1947a: 24 (Dm).
Conopistha monoceros Caporiacco, 1948a: 649, f. 57-59 (m, T from Argyrodina = Argyrodes).
Synotaxus pupularum Exline & Levi, 1965: 183, f. 28-29 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006542].
Synotaxus monoceros Exline & Levi, 1965: 184, f. 30-32 (m, T from Conopistha = Argyrodes).
Synotaxus monoceros Agnarsson, 2003: 726, f. 2A-F, 3A-I, 5F, 6B, D (mf, S of Synotaxus pupularum).
Synotaxus monoceros Agnarsson, 2004: 516, f. 1A-B, 89C (m).
Synotaxus monoceros Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 242, f. 98f-g (m).
Synotaxus monoceros Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 384, f. 189-190, 197 (m).
Synotaxus siolii Santos & Rheims, 2005 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039757]
Synotaxus siolii Santos & Rheims, 2005: 7, f. 11-14 (Dmf).
Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895 * | m f | Panama to Ecuador     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006543]
Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1894a: 495 (nomen nudum).
Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895g: 131 (Dm).
Rhomphaea anomala Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a: 41, pl. 10, f. 80 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055830].
Synotaxus anomalus Exline, 1950a: 111 (T from Rhomphaea = Argyrodes).
Synotaxus wallsi Exline, 1950a: 121, 2, 9-12 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055832].
Synotaxus turbinatus Exline & Levi, 1965: 179, f. 1-15 (mf, S of Synotaxus anomalus and S. wallsi).
Synotaxus turbinatus Forster, Platnick & Coddington, 1990: 96, f. 333-335, 378 (m).
Synotaxus turbinatus Coddington, 1990: 18, f. 89 (m).
Synotaxus turbinatus Griswold et al., 1998: 70, f. 19C (m).
Synotaxus waiwai Agnarsson, 2003 | m f | Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038509]
Synotaxus waiwai Agnarsson, 2003: 731, f. 2G-M, 4A-I, 5A-E, G-H, 6A, C (Dmf).
Synotaxus waiwai Agnarsson, 2004: 516, f. 1C-D (m).
Synotaxus waiwai Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 384, f. 191 (m).
Gen. Tekellina Levi, 1957 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00723] Detail
type Tekellina archboldi Levi, 1957; gender feminine
NB: familiar placement uncertain after Marusik & Omelko, 2017d: 168; transferred from the Theridiidae to the Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al., 2022: 81.
In synonymy:
Tekellina pretiosa Marques & Buckup, 1993 = Tekellina guaiba Marques & Buckup, 1993 (Estol et al., 2024: 164).
Tekellina araucana Marusik, Eskov & Ramírez, 2022 | m f | Chile, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055826]
Tekellina araucana Marusik, Eskov & Ramírez, in Ramírez et al., 2022: 82, f. 2A-E, 3A-D, 4A-D, 5A-J, 6A-F, 7A-G, 8A-B, 9A-F, 10A-C (Dmf).
Tekellina archboldi Levi, 1957 * | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008173]
Tekellina archboldi Levi, 1957d: 107, f. 7-12 (Dmf).
Tekellina archboldi Levi & Levi, 1962: 52, f. 196-197 (m).
Tekellina archboldi Levi & Randolph, 1975: 41, f. 27-28 (m).
Tekellina archboldi Roth, 1982: 47-10, f. 27-28 (m).
Tekellina archboldi Roth, 1985: B43-8, f. 27-28 (m).
Tekellina archboldi Roth, 1994: 182, f. 28 (m).
Tekellina archboldi Estol et al., 2024: 158, f. 1A-G (mf).
Tekellina bella Marques & Buckup, 1993 | m f | Bolivia, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008174]
Tekellina bella Marques & Buckup, 1993: 128, f. 9-12 (Dmf).
Tekellina bella Estol et al., 2024: 159, f. 2A-C, 3A-B, 5A-B, F, 8A-C (mf).
Tekellina crica Marques & Buckup, 1993 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008175]
Tekellina crica Marques & Buckup, 1993: 127, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
Tekellina crica Estol et al., 2024: 162, f. 2D-F, 3C-E, 5C-E, 8D-F (mf).
Tekellina guaiba Marques & Buckup, 1993 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008176]
Tekellina guaiba Marques & Buckup, 1993: 127, f. 5-6 (Df).
Tekellina pretiosa Marques & Buckup, 1993: 129, f. 13-14 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008178].
Tekellina guaiba Buckup & Marques, 1996: 61, f. 26 (f).
Tekellina guaiba Estol et al., 2024: 164, f. 2J-L, 4C-E, 7A-F, 8J-L (mf, S of Tekellina pretiosa).
Tekellina haosiwen Lin & Li, 2024 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059747]
Tekellina haosiwen Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2024a: 66, f. 57A, 58A, 59A, 60A-B (Dmf).
Tekellina helixicis Gao & Li, 2014 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046697]
Tekellina helixicis Gao & Li, 2014: 90, f. 71A-D, 72A-C, 73A-E, 74A-D (Dmf).
Tekellina helixicis Vanuytven, 2021: 274, f. B.299c (m).
Tekellina huihangi Lin & Li, 2024 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059748]
Tekellina huihangi Lin & Li, in Lin et al., 2024a: 67, f. 57B, 58B, 59B, 60C-D (Dmf).
Tekellina minor Marques & Buckup, 1993 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:008177]
Tekellina minor Marques & Buckup, 1993: 128, f. 7-8 (Dm).
Tekellina minor Estol et al., 2024: 163, f. 2G-I, 4A-B, 8G-I (m, Df).
Tekellina miuda Rodrigues & Estol, 2024 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061399]
Tekellina miuda Rodrigues & Estol, in Estol et al., 2024: 172, f. 6D-F, 9D-F (Dmf).
Tekellina miudinha Rodrigues & Estol, 2024 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061400]
Tekellina miudinha Rodrigues & Estol, in Estol et al., 2024: 174, f. 6G, 9G-H (Df).
Tekellina picurrucha Rodrigues & Estol, 2024 | m f | Brazil, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061398]
Tekellina picurrucha Rodrigues & Estol, in Estol et al., 2024: 167, f. 6A-C, 9A-C (Dmf).
Tekellina sadamotoi Yoshida & Ogata, 2016 | m f | China, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048971]
Tekellina sadamotoi Yoshida & Ogata, 2016: 15, f. 1-13 (Dmf).
Tekellina sadamotoi Marusik & Omelko, 2017d: 166, f. 1f, 2a-d (mf).
Tekellina sadamotoi Xie, Liu & Peng, 2021: 142, f. 2A-D (f).
Tekellina sadamotoi Ramírez et al., 2022: 87, f. 11A-D, 12A-F (m).
Tekellina yoshidai Marusik & Omelko, 2017 | f | Russia (Far East)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049561]
Tekellina yoshidai Marusik & Omelko, 2017d: 165, f. 1a-e,g-h, 2e-f (Df).
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