World Spider Catalog

Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Acanthoctenidae by Lehtinen, 1967: 378; Lehtinen's inclusion of the Thalassiinae (Pisauridae) was rejected by Brignoli, 1983c: 585; considered polyphyletic by Griswold, 1993: 37); limits thoroughly discussed by Silva-Dávila, 2003; Cupiennius Simon, 1891 transferred to the Trechaleidae by Piacentini & Ramírez, 2019: 233, Mahafalytenus Silva-Dávila, 2007 transferred to the Viridasiidae by Azevedo et al., 2022: 12 and Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 transferred to the Ancylometidae by Hazzi, Wood & Hormiga, 2025: 7; Hazzi, Wood & Hormiga, 2025: 7 list these subfamilies: Acantheinae Simon, 1897a: 115 (sub Acantheae), Acanthocteninae Simon, 1892, Calocteninae Simon, 1897a: 119 (sub Calocteneae), Cteninae and Enoplocteninae Hazzi, Wood & Hormiga, 2025.

In synonymy:

Ctenopsis Schmidt, 1956 = Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880 (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 586)

Gen. Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01791

type Isoctenus foliifer Bertkau, 1880; gender masculine

N.B.: removed from the synonymy of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 by Lehtinen, 1967: 241 (contra Petrunkevitch, 1928: 226 and Roewer, 1955c: 650; synonymy not accepted by Mello-Leitão, 1936d: 2, 18 and Bonnet, 1957: 2311); considered a senior synonym of Ctenopsis Schmidt, 1956a: 28 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01784] (type C. stellata Schmidt, 1956) by Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 586.

Transferred to other genera:

Isoctenus masculus Mello-Leitão, 1939 -- see Parabatinga

Isoctenus sigma Schenkel, 1953 -- see Ctenus

In synonymy:

Isoctenus cinnamoneus (C. L. Koch, 1847) = Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Petrunkevitch, 1911: 474, sub Ctenus)

Isoctenus mourei (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Ctenus) = Isoctenus herteli (Mello-Leitão, 1947) (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 601)

Isoctenus pauper (Mello-Leitão, 1947, T from Ctenus = Isoctenus strandi Mello-Leitão, 1936 (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 602)

Isoctenus sanguineus (Walckenaer, 1837, T from Ctenus) = Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 595)

Isoctenus semiornatus (Mello-Leitão, 1939, T from Ctenus) = Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 595)

Isoctenus stellatus (Schmidt, 1956, T from Ctenopsis) = Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 595)

Isoctenus velocitatis (Roewer, 1951, T from Ctenus) = Isoctenus coxalis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) (Polotow, Brescovit & Pellegatti-Franco, 2005: 38)

Homonym replaced:

Isoctenus velox (Keyserling, 1891) -- see Isoctenus coxalis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902b

Nomen dubium:

Isoctenus latevittatus Caporiacco, 1954: 125 (j, French Guiana) -- Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 590

Isoctenus areia Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042242

Isoctenus areia Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 595, f. 6A-D (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus botocudos Pontes Moraes, Polotow, Labarque & da Silva, 2023 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058550

Isoctenus botocudos Pontes Moraes et al., 2023: 183, f. 5A-B, 6A-B (Dm) Original description

Isoctenus cabula Pontes Moraes, Polotow, Labarque & da Silva, 2023 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058549

Isoctenus cabula Pontes Moraes et al., 2023: 181, f. 3A-D, 4A-D (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus charada Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042245

Isoctenus charada Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 600, f. 12A-D (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus corymbus Polotow, Brescovit & Pellegatti-Franco, 2005 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040173

Isoctenus corymbus Polotow, Brescovit & Pellegatti-Franco, 2005: 40, f. 6-9 (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus coxalis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020533

Ctenus velox Keyserling, 1891: 147, pl. 4, f. 100 (Dm; preoccupied by Blackwall, 1865, see Afroneutria velox) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062511]

Ctenus coxalis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902b: 413 (replacement name) Original description

Ctenus velox Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 14, pl. 3, f. 28-29 (m)

Isoctenus janeirus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 20, pl. 2, f. 42 (f; misidentified per Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 596)

Ctenus velocitatis Roewer, 1951: 446 (superfluous replacement name) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062512]

Isoctenus coxalis Polotow, Brescovit & Pellegatti-Franco, 2005: 38, f. 1-5 (m, Df, T from Ctenus, S of Ctenus velocitatis)

Isoctenus coxalis Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 596, f. 3A-D, 18A, 19F, 20D (mf)

Isoctenus coxalis Polotow & Brescovit, 2014: 353, f. 13C, 17E (f)

Isoctenus eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1936 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020753

Isoctenus eupalaestrus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 18, pl. 3, f. 39-40 (Dm) Original description

Ctenus pauper Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 271 (1f paralectotype; misidentified per Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 599)

Ctenus eupalaestrus Roewer, 1955c: 649

Isoctenus eupalaestrus Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 599, f. 10A-D, 19A (mf)

Isoctenus foliifer Bertkau, 1880 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020754 TYPE SPECIES

Isoctenus foliiferus Bertkau, 1880a: 61 (Dj) Original description

Ctenus foliiferus Keyserling, 1891: 154

Isoctenus foliiferus Lehtinen, 1967: 241 (T from Ctenus)

Isoctenus foliifer Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 590, f. 4A-D, 19E (Dmf)

Isoctenus foliifer Polotow & Brescovit, 2014: 352, f. 12A (m)

Isoctenus griseolus (Mello-Leitão, 1936) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020576

Ctenus griseolus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 7, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2, f. 6-7 (Dm) Original description

Isoctenus griseolus Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 597, f. 7A-D (m, Df, T from Ctenus)

Isoctenus guadalupei (Mello-Leitão, 1941) | | Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020578

Ctenus guadalupei Mello-Leitão, 1941f: 215, f. 23-24 (Df) Original description

Isoctenus guadalupei Polotow & Brescovit, 2019b: 292, f. 1A-D, 2A-C (Dm, f, T from Ctenus)

Isoctenus herteli (Mello-Leitão, 1947) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020581

Ctenus herteli Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 269, pl. 37, f. 24 (Df) Original description

Ctenus mourei Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 270, pl. 37, f. 25 (Dm; 1m paralectotype see Isoctenus strandi) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020637]

Isoctenus herteli Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 601, f. 13A-D (mf, T from Ctenus, S of Ctenus mourei)

Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer, 1837) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020755

Ctenus janeirus Walckenaer, 1837: 364 (Df) Original description

Ctenus sanguineus Walckenaer, 1837: 365 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020682]

Ctenus cinnamoneus C. L. Koch, 1847: vol. 15: 58, f. 1457 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062513]

Ctenus janeirus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 474 (S of Ctenus cinnamoneus)

Ctenus semiornatus Mello-Leitão, 1939f: 526, f. 7-8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020687]

Ctenopsis stellata Schmidt, 1954: 420, f. 13a-b (f, nomen nudum)

Ctenopsis stellata Schmidt, 1956a: 29, f. 4 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020472]

Isoctenus janeirus Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 594, f. 5A-D, 19G (Dm, f, T from Ctenus, S of Ctenopsis stellata, Ctenus sanguineus and C. semiornatus)

Isoctenus jussara Pontes Moraes, Polotow, Labarque & da Silva, 2023 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058548

Isoctenus jussara Pontes Moraes et al., 2023: 178, f. 1A-D, 2A-D (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus malabaris Polotow, Brescovit & Ott, 2007 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041099

Isoctenus malabaris Polotow, Brescovit & Ott, 2007: 216, f. 1-5 (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus malabaris Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 603, f. 19D (m)

Isoctenus minusculus (Keyserling, 1891) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020632

Ctenus minusculus Keyserling, 1891: 149, pl. 4, f. 102 (Df) Original description

Ctenus minusculus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 11, pl. 1, f. 16, pl. 2, f. 17-18 (f, Dm)

Isoctenus minusculus Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 601, f. 14A-D, 19B (mf, T from Ctenus)

Isoctenus ordinario Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 | | Brazil, Argentina urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042243

Ctenus sanguineus Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 12, pl. 1, f. 24 (f; misidentified per Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 598)

Isoctenus ordinario Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 598, f. 9A-D, 19H-I (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus segredo Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042244

Isoctenus segredo Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 600, f. 11A-D (Dmf) Original description

Isoctenus strandi Mello-Leitão, 1936 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020759

Isoctenus strandi Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 20, pl. 2, f. 43 (Df) Original description

Ctenus pauper Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 271, pl. 37, f. 26-27 (Df; 1f paralectotype see Isoctenus eupalaestrus) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020653]

Ctenus mourei Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 270 (1m paralectotype; misidentified per Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 602)

Isoctenus strandi Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 602, f. 15A-D, 19C (mf, S of Ctenus pauper)

Isoctenus taperae (Mello-Leitão, 1936) | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:020708

Ctenus taperae Mello-Leitão, 1936a: 13, pl. 3, f. 25-26 (Dm) Original description

Isoctenus taperae Polotow & Brescovit, 2009a: 598, f. 8A-B (m, T from Ctenus)