World Spider Catalog

Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866

Family | ACCEPTED

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Metidae Simon, 1894a: 726 (sub Meteae) by Heimer & Nentwig, 1982: 292 and Levi, 1986a: 93 (although not by Wunderlich, 1986: 115); Metidae/Metinae is preoccupied in the Copepoda and emened to Metainae by ICZN, 2013 (Opinion 2326) following the proposal of Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011b; Diphyini is preoccupied in the Hydrozoa and emened to Diphyaini by ICZN, 2021 (Opinion 3774) following the proposal of Marusik, 2018d; see also the notes at the Araneidae, Nephilidae and Phonognathidae; includes taxa placed by Forster & Forster, 1999: 166 in the "Nanometidae" (see Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 802); also Leucauginae Caporiacco, 1955: 318 and Pachygnathidae Menge, 1866: 94 are included; mentioning of "Tetragnathiens" by Simon, 1864: 325, but the French ending -iens was not accepted as taxon at familiar level by Bonnet and Platnick, and this is continued here; Eskov & Marusik, 2024: 52 list five subfamilies as valid: Diphyainae Simon, 1894a: 742 (sub Diphyeae), Leucauginae Caporiacco, 1955: 318, Metainae, Nanometinae Forster & Forster, 1999: 166 and Tetragnathinae.

In synonymy:

Arochoides Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Azilia Keyserling, 1881 (Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 178)

Azilia Keyserling, 1881 urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01365

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Arochoides Mello-Leitão, 1935b: 323 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03316] (formerly Mimetidae, type A. integrans Mello-Leitão, 1935) by Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 178; not a senior synonym of Cardimia Mello-Leitão, 1940, which is considered a synonym of Diphya Nicolet, 1849 by Ott, Rodrigues & Brescovit, 2023: 2 (contra Levi, 2002: 562).

Transferred to other genera:

Azilia eximia (Mello-Leitão, 1940) -- see Diphya

Azilia leucostigma Mello-Leitão, 1941 -- see Galianoella

In synonymy:

Azilia boudeti Simon, 1895 = Azilia histrio Simon, 1895 (Brescovit et al., 2025b: 238)

Azilia integrans (Mello-Leitão, 1935) = Azilia histrio Simon, 1895 (Brescovit et al., 2025b: 238)

Azilia marmorata Mello-Leitão, 1948 = Azilia histrio Simon, 1895 (Brescovit et al., 2025b: 238)

Azilia mexicana Banks, 1898 = Azilia affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 (Levi, 1980a: 72)

Azilia vachoni (Caporiacco, 1954) = Azilia histrio Simon, 1895 (Brescovit et al., 2025b: 238)

Azilia vagepicta Simon, 1895 = Azilia affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 (Levi, 1980a: 72)

Azilia affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 | | USA to Panama urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013447

Azilia affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 110, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df) Original description

Azilia vagepicta Simon, 1895g: 153 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057837]

Azilia mexicana Banks, 1898b: 258, pl. 15, f. 19 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057836]

Azilia vagepicta Banks, 1913: 180, pl. 11, f. 14 (f)

Azilia vagepicta Bryant, 1945c: 208, f. 10 (Dm)

Azilia vagepicta Wiehle, 1967b: 193, f. 44 (f)

Azilia affinis Levi, 1980a: 72, f. 290-308 (mf, S of Azilia mexicana and A. vagepicta)

Azilia affinis Roth, 1985: B6-9, f. 7, 73 (m)

Azilia affinis Coddington, 1990: 16, f. 53 (m)

Azilia affinis Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 326, f. 7A-B, 13A (m)

Azilia affinis Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 745, f. 13A-H, 14A-H, 15A-G, 16A-F, 17A-C (mf)

Azilia affinis Brescovit et al., 2025b: 199, f. 6a-h, 7a-h, 8a-f, 9a-d (mf)

Azilia arrebitada Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066559

Azilia arrebitada Brescovit et al., 2025b: 255, f. 52a-i, 53a-i, 54a-d, 55a-d (Dmf) Original description

Azilia catita Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066555

Azilia catita Brescovit et al., 2025b: 222, f. 30a-h, 31a-j, 32a-f, 33a-f, 34a-d (Dmf) Original description

Azilia esplendida Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066557

Azilia esplendida Brescovit et al., 2025b: 228, f. 37a-i, 38a-d, 39a-f, 40a-f, 41a-f, 42a-e (Dmf) Original description

Azilia fabulosa Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066552

Azilia fabulosa Brescovit et al., 2025b: 207, f. 18a-g, 19a-h, 20a-f, 21a-f (Dmf) Original description

Azilia formosa Keyserling, 1881 | | Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013449 TYPE SPECIES

Azilia formosa Keyserling, 1881c: 271, pl. 11, f 2 (Df) Original description

Azilia formosa Keyserling, 1893: 268, pl. 14, f. 199 (f)

Azilia formosa Brescovit et al., 2025b: 190, f. 1a-h, 2a-j, 3a-f, 4a-f, 5a-f (Dm, f)

Azilia guapa Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066556

Azilia guapa Brescovit et al., 2025b: 227, f. 35a-g, 36a-h (Dmf) Original description

Azilia guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 | | Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama? urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013450

Azilia guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889d: 12, pl. 3, f. 3-4 (Dmf) Original description

Azilia guatemalensis Keyserling, 1893: 267, pl 14, f. 198 (f)

Azilia guatemalensis Brescovit et al., 2025b: 201, f. 10a-g, 11a-g, 12a-g, 13a-f, 14a-d (mf)

Azilia hermosa Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Mexico urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066558

Azilia hermosa Brescovit et al., 2025b: 237, f. 43a-h, 44a-g, 45a-g (Dmf) Original description

Azilia histrio Simon, 1895 | | French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013451

Azilia histrio Simon, 1894a: 740, f. 821 (nomen nudum)

Azilia boudeti Simon, 1895g: 153 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013448]

Azilia histrio Simon, 1895g: 152 (Df) Original description

Arochoides integrans Mello-Leitão, 1935b: 324, f. 1, text-f. 2 (Dm; j per Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 178) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:005647]

Azilia marmorata Mello-Leitão, 1948: 161, f. 7 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013452]

Cyrtophora vachoni Caporiacco, 1954: 82 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013455]

Azilia vachoni Levi, 1997: 252 (T from Cyrtophora)

Azilia integrans Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 178, f. 25A-D (T from Arochoides, probably S of Azilia histrio)

Azilia histrio Brescovit et al., 2025b: 238, f. 46a-j, 47a-h, 48a-f, 49a-e, 50a-f, 51a-f (mf, S of Azilia boudeti, A. integrans, A. marmorata and A. vachoni)

Azilia joinha Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066554

Azilia joinha Brescovit et al., 2025b: 218, f. 26a-i, 27a-h, 28a-d, 29a-d (Dmf) Original description

Azilia montana Bryant, 1940 | | Cuba urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013453

Azilia montana Bryant, 1940: 348, f. 112, 115 (Df) Original description

Azilia montana Brescovit et al., 2025b: 206, f. 16a-f, 17a-c (f)

Azilia rojasi Simon, 1895 | | Venezuela urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013454

Azilia rojasi Simon, 1895g: 153 (Df) Original description

Azilia rojasi Brescovit et al., 2025b: 205, f. 15a-e (f)

Azilia supimpa Brescovit, Rodrigues, Álvarez-Padilla & Ott, 2025 | | Brazil urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:066553

Azilia supimpa Brescovit et al., 2025b: 212, f. 22a-h, 23a-i, 24a-f, 25a-f (Dmf) Original description