Family: Araneidae Clerck, 1757 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0102] Detail
In synonymy:
Heterargiope Kishida, 1936 = Trichonephila Dahl, 1911 (Jäger, 2012c: 315, sub Nephila, by T of the type species from Argiope, after Levi, 1983: 262)
Gen. Trichonephila Dahl, 1911 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04537] Detail
type Aranea clavipes Linnaeus, 1767; gender feminine
N.B.: described as a subgenus of Nephila, elevated to genus by Kuntner et al., 2019: 557; for the current familial placement see the note at the family; considered a senior synonym of Heterargiope Kishida, 1936a: 19 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05234] (type Argiope maja Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878)) by Jäger, 2012c: 315 (sub Nephila, by transfer of the type species).
In synonymy:
Trichonephila adelaidensis (Hogg, 1910) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila aerea (Hogg, 1896, T from Meta) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila ambigua (Kulczyński, 1911) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila celebesiana (Strand, 1915) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila chacoensis (Badcock, 1932) = Trichonephila sexpunctata (Giebel, 1867) (Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila clavata cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) = Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878) (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila clavatoides (Schenkel, 1953) = Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878) (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila dolabella (Thorell, 1899) = Trichonephila turneri (Blackwall, 1833) (Benoit, 1962a: 227, removed from S of N. fenestrata venusta, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila dubia (Badcock, 1932) = Trichonephila sexpunctata (Giebel, 1867) (Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila eremiana (Hogg, 1896) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Dahl, 1912a: 35, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila fontanae (Holmberg, 1876) = Trichonephila sexpunctata (Giebel, 1867) (Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila imperatrix (L. Koch, 1872) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Dahl, 1912a: 35, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila inaurata seychellensis (Canard, 1975) = Trichonephila inaurata madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) (Benoit, 1978f: 673, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila janeira (Walckenaer, 1841, T from Araneus) = Trichonephila clavipes vespucea (Walckenaer, 1841) (Dahl, 1912a: 46, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila laurinae (Thorell, 1881) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Kuntner in Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila laurinae novaemecklenburgiae (Strand, 1911) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila maja (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Argiope) = Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878) (Jäger, 2012c: 315, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila meridionalis (Hogg, 1910) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila meridionalis hermitis (Hogg, 1914) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila nigritarsis insulicola (Pocock, 1900) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila picta (Rainbow, 1896) = Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 440, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila riverai (Brèthes, 1918) = Trichonephila sexpunctata (Giebel, 1867) (Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 43, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila sarasinorum (Merian, 1911) = Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) (Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila senegalensis boehmi (Dahl, 1912) = Trichonephila senegalensis bragantina (Brito Capello, 1867) (Benoit, 1962b: 227, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila thomensis (Benoit, 1963) = Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (Levi, 1980a: 18, sub Nephila).
Trichonephila antipodiana (Walckenaer, 1841) | m f | China, Myanmar and Philippines to New Guinea, Solomon Is., Australia (Queensland)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013938]
Epeira antipodiana Walckenaer, 1841: 93 (Df).
Epeira imperialis Doleschall, 1857: 413 (Df; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1805, see Caerostris sexcuspidata).
Epeira imperialis Doleschall, 1859: 28, pl. 12, f. 2 (j).
Nephila ornata Blackwall, 1864b: 43 (Dj; preoccupied by Adams, 1847, see Nephila pilipes).
Nephila baeri Simon, 1877b: 82 (Df).
Nephila imperialis Thorell, 1878b: 118.
Nephila holmerae Thorell, 1881: 141 (Df).
Nephila laurinae Thorell, 1881: 142 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013956].
Nephila nigritarsis insulicola Pocock, 1900b: 160 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058960].
Nephila sarasinorum Merian, 1911: 198, pl. 9, f. 10-11 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013973].
Nephila imperialis novae-mecklenburgiae Strand, 1911b: 204 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013957].
Nephila ambigua Kulczyński, 1911c: 464, pl. 20, f. 41-42 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013937].
Nephila antipodiana Dahl, 1912a: 35, 59, 61 (S of Nephila baeri, N. holmerae and N. ornata Blackwall).
Nephila imperialis Dahl, 1912a: 36, 59 (Dm).
Nephila celebesiana Strand, 1915d: 206, pl. 13, f. 12-13, pl. 16, f. 50 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013939].
Nephila imperialis Liao, Chen & Song, 1984: 69, f. 1A-C (mf; misidentified per Yuan & Zhang, 2020: 120).
Nephila imperialis Song, 1987: 173, f. 133 (mf; misidentified per Yuan & Zhang, 2020: 120).
Nephila antipodiana Yin et al., 1990: 2, f. 1-5 (mf).
Nephila antipodiana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 563, f. 348a-h (f).
Nephila antipodiana Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124I, L, S, 125A (mf).
Nephila imperialis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124O-P, 125D (mf; misidentified per Yuan & Zhang, 2020: 120).
Nephila laurinae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 78, f. 33A-I (mf; misidentified per Yuan & Zhang, 2020: 120).
Nephila antipodiana Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, f. 3, 6, 60-72 (mf, S of Nephila ambigua, N. celebesiana, N. imperialis, N. laurinae, N. laurinae novaemecklenburgiae, N. nigritarsis insulicola and N. sarasinorum).
Nephila antipodiana Kim, Park & Lee, 2007: 123, f. 1a-d (f).
Trichonephila antipodiana Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878) | m f | India to Japan. Introduced to USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013940]
Nephila clavata L. Koch, 1878c: 741, pl. 15, f. 4 (Df).
Nephila limbata Thorell, 1898: 335 (Df).
Nephila clavata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 190, pl. 3, f. 11, pl. 11, f. 217 (f, Dm).
Argiope maja Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 201, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015386].
Nephila obnubila Simon, 1906c: 308 (Df).
Nephila clavata Dahl, 1912a: 35, 73.
Nephila clavatoides Schenkel, 1953b: 27, f. 14a-b (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013942].
Nephila clavata cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963: 134, f. 78 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013941].
Nephila clavata Hikichi, 1977: 154, f. 42 (f).
Nephila clavata Tikader, 1982a: 102, f. 195-197 (f).
Nephila clavata cavalierei Brignoli, 1983c: 241 (lapsus).
Nephila clavata Hu, 1984: 119, f. 119.1-3 (mf).
Nephila clavata Zhu & Shi, 1985: 84, f. 72a-c (f).
Nephila clavata Chikuni, 1989b: 80, f. 51 (mf).
Nephila clavata Feng, 1990: 96, f. 71.1-3 (mf).
Nephila clavata Chen & Gao, 1990: 69, f. 88a-b (mf).
Nephila clavata Chen & Zhang, 1991: 110, f. 104.1-3 (mf).
Nephila clavata Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999: 58, f. 12, 37, 59 (mf).
Nephila clavata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 217, f. 124M-N, 125B-C (mf).
Nephila clavata Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 167, f. 97A-B (mf).
Nephila clavata Namkung, 2002: 232, f. 18.19a-b (mf).
Nephila clavata Kim & Cho, 2002: 318, f. 871-876 (mf).
Nephila clavata Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003: 75, f. 32A-K, pl. 4E-H (mf, S of Nephila clavatoides and N. clavata cavaleriei).
Nephila clavata Namkung, 2003: 234, f. 18.19a-b (mf).
Nephila clavata Tanikawa, 2007c: 94, f. 301-309, 764-765 (mf).
Nephila clavata Kim, Ki & Park, 2008: 183, f. 6A-D (mf).
Nephila clavata Tanikawa, 2009: 403, f. 1-2 (mf).
Nephila clavata Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 193, f. 136A-K (mf).
Nephila clavata Yin et al., 2012: 475, f. 217a-f (mf).
Nephila clavata Jäger, 2012c: 315 (S of Argiope maja).
Nephila clavata Kim & Lee, 2013: 70, f. 45A-D, pl. 20-21 (mf).
Nephila clavata Baba & Tanikawa, 2015: 40, 6 f. (mf).
Nephila clavata Zhang & Wang, 2017: 476, 4 f. (mf).
Nephila clavata Zhang, 2018b: 53, f. 7-1.A-D, pl. 12 (mf).
Trichonephila clavata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Nephila clavata Zhan et al., 2019: 7, f. 2K (f).
Trichonephila clavata caerulescens (Ono, 2011) | m f | Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043865]
Nephila clavata caerulescens Ono, 2011a: 20, f. 17-23, 32-35 (Dmf).
Trichonephila clavata caerulescens Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) * | m f | USA to Argentina. Introduced to São Tomé and Príncipe     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013943]
Aranea clavipes Linnaeus, 1767: 1034 (Df).
Aranea spinimobilis Linnaeus, 1767: 1034 (D).
Aranea clavipes Fabricius, 1775: 437.
Aranea longimana Fabricius, 1781: 536 (Df).
Aranea clavipes Olivier, 1789: 201.
Aranea longimana Olivier, 1789: 232.
Epeira clavipes Hahn, 1821: 2, pl. 4, f. a-c (mf).
Epeira clavipes Hahn, 1833a: 118, f. 89 (mf).
Nephila plumipes C. L. Koch, 1839a: 138, f. 529 (f, misidentified).
Epeira plumipes Walckenaer, 1841: 99.
Nephila clavipes Taczanowski, 1873: 146.
Nephila wilderi McCook, 1894: 251, pl. 7, f. 1-2, pl. 23, f. 6-7 (Dmf).
Nephila wistariana McCook, 1894: 252, 255, pl. 23, f. 2-3, pl. 24, f. 1 (Dmf).
Nephila concolor McCook, 1894: 256, pl. 23, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila clavipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901b: 325, pl. 7, f. 1-4 (mf).
Nephila clavipes F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 448, pl. 42, f. 23-24 (f).
Nephila clavipes Dahl, 1912a: 46, 73, 75.
Nephila clavipes Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 247, f. 101-102 (mf).
Nephila clavipes Franganillo, 1931b: 220, f. 12-14 (m).
Nephila clavipes Franganillo, 1936c: 96, f. 48-49 (m).
Nephila clavipes Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 40 (S of Nephila chacoensis and N. dubia; rejected by Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, see Trichonephila sexpunctata).
Nephila clavipes Archer, 1958: 2 (restricts nominate subspecies to Cuba and Hispaniola).
Nephila thomensis Benoit, 1963a: 371, f. 1-3 (Df).
Nephila clavipes Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 49 (f).
Nephila madagascariensis Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 47 (m; misidentified per Schult, Preik & Kirschner, 2021: 173).
Nephila clavipes Levi, 1980a: 17, f. 23-43 (mf, S; Levi, 1980a: 22, apparently considered all described subspecies of this species, and the other described Neotropical taxa, as identical, but did not formally synonymize them).
Nephila clavipes Heimer, 1982: 44, f. 13 (m).
Nephila clavipes Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 1-3, 7-10 (mf).
Nephila clavipes Schult, 1983b: 156, f. 1-3 (m).
Nephila clavipes Roth, 1985: B6-6, f. 18, 67 (m).
Nephila clavipes Wunderlich, 1986: 79, f. 160-162 (m; erroneously claims this as the only Neotropical species listed in Roewer, but shows that more than one species is probably involved).
Nephila clavipes Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 45, f. 1-4 (mf).
Nephila clavipes Higgins, 1989: 748, f. 1-4 (mf).
Nephila clavipes Coddington, 1990: 17, f. 52 (m).
Nephila clavipes Nentwig, 1993: 122, f. 138a-b (m).
Nephila clavipes Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5G-I, 10A-C (m).
Nephila clavipes Schult, 2004: 113, pl. 3A-F (m).
Nephila clavipes Ramos et al., 2005: 1993, f. 3B-C (mf).
Trichonephila clavipes Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Nephila clavipes Schult, Preik & Kirschner, 2021: 173, f. 1a-c (m).
Trichonephila clavipes fasciculata (De Geer, 1778) | m f | USA to Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013944]
Aranea fasciculata De Geer, 1778: 316, pl. 39, f. 1-4 (Df).
Nephila fasciculata C. L. Koch, 1838: 30, f. 354 (f).
Nephila fasciculata C. L. Koch, 1838: 31, f. 355 (f).
Nephila fasciculata McCook, 1894: 255, pl. 24, f. 1 (f).
Nephila clavipes fasciculata Archer, 1958: 3, f. 1-2 (mf).
Trichonephila clavipes fasciculata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila clavipes vespucea (Walckenaer, 1841) | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013945]
Epeira vespucea Walckenaer, 1841: 98 (Df).
Epeira janeira Walckenaer, 1841: 100 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059018].
Araneus janeirus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 298.
Nephila clavipes vespuca Dahl, 1912a: 46, 74 (lapsus, Dm, S of Araneus janeirus).
Trichonephila clavipes vespucea Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila edulis (Labillardière, 1799) | m f | Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013949]
Aranea edulis Labillardière, 1799: 240, pl. 12, f. 4-6 (Df).
Epeira edulis Walckenaer, 1841: 93.
Nephila imperatrix L. Koch, 1872a: 159, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058958].
Nephila edulis Thorell, 1875e: 131.
Nephila eremiana Hogg, 1896: 318, pl. 24, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058959].
Meta aerea Hogg, 1896: 320, pl. 24, f. 4-5 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013866].
Nephila picta Rainbow, 1896a: 321, pl. 19, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058957].
Nephila meridionalis Hogg, 1910b: 59, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013958].
Nephila adelaidensis Hogg, 1910b: 61, pl. 18, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013936].
Nephila edulis Dahl, 1912a: 35, 70 (S of Nephila eremiana and N. imperatrix).
Nephila meridionalis hermitis Hogg, 1914b: 72, pl. 4, f. 2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013959].
Nephila edulis Berland, 1931b: 670, f. 16-19 (f, Dm).
Nephila edulis Berland, 1932b: 278, f. 425 (m).
Nephila edulis Uhl & Vollrath, 1998: 39, f. 1-4 (mf).
Nephila edulis Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 439, f. 7, 12-18, 74-86 (mf, S of Nephila adelaidensis, N. meridionalis, N. meridionalis hermitis, N. picta [removed from S of N. plumipes, contra Dahl, 1912a: 35] and Meta aerea).
Nephila edulis Paquin, Vink & Dupérré, 2010: 51, f. 27.1-4 (mf).
Trichonephila edulis Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila fenestrata (Thorell, 1859) | m f | South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013950]
Nephila fenestrata Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
Nephila pilipes fenestrata Strand, 1907n: 608.
Nephila fenestrata Dahl, 1912a: 42, 65, 67.
Nephila pilipes fenestrata Benoit, 1962b: 225, 231 (subspecies range).
Nephila pilipes Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 4-5, 11-12 (mf; misidentified per Schult, Preik & Kirschner, 2021: 173).
Nephila fenestrata Fromhage & Schneider, 2006: 354, f. 1-2 (mf).
Nephila fenestrata Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1452, f. 1C, 4A-C (mf).
Nephila fenestrata Uhl, Nessler & Schneider, 2010: 77, f. 1D (f).
Trichonephila fenestrata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Nephila pilipes fenestrata Schult, Preik & Kirschner, 2021: 173, f. 2a-c (mf).
Trichonephila fenestrata Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 54, p. 54: 3 f., p. 55: 4 f. (mf habitus).
Trichonephila fenestrata fuelleborni (Dahl, 1912) | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013951]
Nephila fenestrata fuelleborni Dahl, 1912a: 67 (Df).
Nephila pilipes fuelleborni Benoit, 1963b: 29 (removed from S of N. f. venusta).
Trichonephila fenestrata fuelleborni Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila fenestrata venusta (Blackwall, 1865) | m f | West, Central Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013952]
Epeira pilipes Lucas, 1858: 416 (40), pl. 13, f. 7 (f, misidentified).
Nephila venusta Blackwall, 1865b: 345 (Df).
Nephila dasycnemis Gerstaecker, 1873: 498 (Df).
Nephila obsoleta Gerstaecker, 1873: 498 (Df).
Nephila fenestrata venusta Dahl, 1912a: 42, 66, 79 (m).
Nephila venusta Lessert, 1936: 242, f. 38 (m).
Nephila pilipes pilipes Benoit, 1962b: 225, 231 (subspecies range).
Trichonephila fenestrata venusta Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila inaurata (Walckenaer, 1841) | m f | Mauritius, Réunion     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013953]
Epeira inaurata Walckenaer, 1841: 94 (Df).
Epeira geniculata Walckenaer, 1841: 96 (Df).
Epeira inaurata Vinson, 1863: 183, 310, pl. 5, f. 1 (f).
Epeira nigra Vinson, 1863: 187, 311, pl. 6, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Nephila ardentipes Butler, 1876b: 443 (Df).
Nephila ardentipes Butler, 1878a: 503, pl. 52, f. 1 (f).
Nephila nigra Strand, 1906h: 51.
Araneus geniculatus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 293.
Nephila inaurata Dahl, 1912a: 57.
Nephila nigra Gerhardt, 1921: 207, f. 17 (m).
Nephila inaurata Derouet & Dresco, 1956: 9, f. 1-4 (m).
Nephila ardentipes Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7I-L (f).
Trichonephila inaurata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Nephila inaurata von Wirth & Hildebrandt, 2022: 40, f. 10-11 (m).
Nephila inaurata von Wirth & Hildebrandt, 2023: 48, f. 10-11 (m).
Trichonephila inaurata madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) | m f | South Africa, Eswatini, Mayotte, Madagascar, Seychelles     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013954]
Epeira madagascariensis Vinson, 1863: 191, 311, pl. 7, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila cothurnata Gerstaecker, 1873: 499 (Df).
Nephila argyrotoxa Gerstaecker, 1873: 502 (Df).
Nephila madagascariensis Thorell, 1875e: 134.
Nephila madagascariensis Karsch, 1879e: 841, pl. 11, f. 7-9 (Dm).
Nephila inaurata madagascariensis Dahl, 1912a: 57, 72.
Nephila madagascariensis Bonnet, 1929b: 513, pl. 2, f. 1-10 (mf).
Nephila madagascariensis Wiehle, 1960c: 462, f. 7 (f).
Nephila madagascariensis Benoit, 1962a: 231 (elevated to species, rejected).
Nephila madagascariensis Wiehle, 1967b: 195, f. 50 (f; m: f. 47 see Trichonephila clavipes).
Nephila madagascariensis Wiehle, 1967c: 199, f. 13 (f).
Nephila inaurata seychellensis Canard, 1975: 778 (Df).
Nephila madagascariensis Saaristo, 1978: 119, f. 203-210 (mf).
Nephila inaurata madagascariensis Benoit, 1978f: 673 (S).
Nephila inaurata madagascariensis Schult & Sellenschlo, 1983: 222, f. 6, 13-14 (mf).
Nephila inaurata madagascariensis Schmidt & Jocqué, 1986: 209, f. 4-5 (f).
Nephila madagascariensis Saaristo, 2010: 94, f. 18.1-6 (mf).
Trichonephila inaurata madagascariensis Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila inaurata madagascariensis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 56, p. 53: 2 f., p. 56: 3 f. (f habitus).
Trichonephila komaci (Kuntner & Coddington, 2009) | m f | Tanzania (Zanzibar), South Africa, Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042729]
Nephila komaci Kuntner & Coddington, 2009: e7516, f. 2A-F (Dmf).
Trichonephila komaci Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila komaci Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 57, p. 53: 1 f., p. 57: 3 f. (f).
Trichonephila plumipes (Latreille, 1804) | m f | Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Is., New Ireland     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013971]
Aranea plumipes Latreille, 1804a: 275 (Df).
Nephila cunninghamii MacLeay, 1827: 468 (D).
Nephila venosa L. Koch, 1867b: 183 (Df).
Nephila victorialis L. Koch, 1872a: 150, pl. 12, f. 3 (Df).
Nephila nigritarsis L. Koch, 1872a: 152, pl. 12, f. 4 (Df).
Nephila flagellans L. Koch, 1872a: 153, pl. 12, f. 5-6 (Dmf, in part, see N. tetragnathoides).
Nephila venosa L. Koch, 1872a: 148, pl. 12, f. 1 (j).
Nephila labillardierii Thorell, 1875e: 130, pl. 25, f. 1-2 (Df).
Nephila plumipes Blackwall, 1877: 19, pl. 2, f. 13 (Dm).
Nephila insularis Keyserling, 1887a: 215, pl. 19, f. 5 (Df).
Nephila fletcheri Rainbow, 1895: 347, pl. 22, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila edwardsii Rainbow, 1895: 349, pl. 22, f. 2 (Df).
Nephila ventricosa Rainbow, 1895: 351, pl. 23, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Nephila ornata Rainbow, 1896a: 320, pl. 18, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila plumipes Dahl, 1912a: 35, 60 (S of Nephila cunninghamii, N. edwardsii, N. flagellans, N. fletcheri, N. insularis, N. insulicola [rejected by Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 436, see Trichonephila antipodiana], N. labillardierii, N. nigritarsis, N. ornata Rainbow, N. picta [rejected by Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 439, see Trichonephila edulis], N. venosa, N. ventricosa and N. victorialis).
Nephila plumipes Berland, 1924a: 216, f. 121 (m).
Nephila plumipes Berland, 1931b: 671, f. 12-15 (mf).
Nephila plumipes Chrysanthus, 1971: 42, f. 87-91 (mf).
Nephila plumipes Davies, 1988b: 296, f. 19 (mf).
Nephila plumipes Schneider, Thomas & Elgar, 2001: 410, f. 1 (m).
Nephila plumipes Harvey, Austin & Adams, 2007: 429, f. 8-9, 33-45 (mf).
Nephila plumipes Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1452, f. 1A (m).
Trichonephila plumipes Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila senegalensis (Walckenaer, 1841) | m f | West Africa to Ethiopia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013974]
Epeira senegalensis Walckenaer, 1841: 94 (Df).
Epeira aubryi Lucas, 1858: 412 (36) (Df).
Epeira armillipes Doumerc, 1864: 231, pl. 5, f. 1 (Df).
Nephila grayii Blackwall, 1865a: 96 (Df).
Nephila aubryi Brito Capello, 1866: 85, pl. 2, f. 3 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis Simon, 1886g: 371 (Dm).
Nephila senegalensis calabarensis Strand, 1908c: 2 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69.
Nephila senegalensis Berland, 1936: 84, f. 30 (m).
Nephila senegalensis Clausen, 1987: 147, f. 1 (m).
Nephila senegalensis Reiche, 1992: 10, f. 3 (m).
Nephila senegalensis Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7F-H (m).
Trichonephila senegalensis Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila senegalensis annulata (Thorell, 1859) | m f | Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013975]
Nephila annulata Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
Nephila lineata Thorell, 1859: 299 (Df).
Nephila transvaalica Pocock, 1892c: 180, pl. 5, f. 4 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis windhukensis Strand, 1906h: 52 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis annulata Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 72 (Dm).
Trichonephila senegalensis annulata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis annulata Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022f: 58, p. 53: 1 f., p. 58: 3 f., p. 59: 2 f. (mf habitus).
Trichonephila senegalensis bragantina (Brito Capello, 1867) | m f | Central Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013976]
Nephila bragantina Brito Capello, 1867: 11, pl. 2, f. 4 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis bragantina Dahl, 1912a: 43, 70, 72.
Nephila senegalensis boehmi Dahl, 1912a: 69, 72 (Dmf).
Nephila senegalensis bragantina Benoit, 1962b: 227 (S).
Trichonephila senegalensis bragantina Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis hildebrandti (Dahl, 1912) | f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013977]
Nephila senegalensis hildebrandti Dahl, 1912a: 69, 72 (Df).
Trichonephila senegalensis hildebrandti Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis huebneri (Dahl, 1912) | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013978]
Nephila senegalensis huebneri Dahl, 1912a: 70, 72 (Df).
Trichonephila senegalensis huebneri Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis keyserlingi (Blackwall, 1865) | f | Congo, East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013979]
Nephila kyserlingii Blackwall, 1865b: 343 (Df).
Nephila hymenaea Gerstaecker, 1873: 497, pl. 18, f. 11 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis keyserlingi Pocock, 1898e: 434.
Nephila senegalensis keyserlingi Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 71.
Trichonephila senegalensis keyserlingi Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis nyikae (Pocock, 1898) | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013980]
Nephila senegalensis nyikae Pocock, 1898e: 435 (Df).
Trichonephila senegalensis nyikae Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila senegalensis schweinfurthi (Simon, 1890) | f | Yemen     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013981]
Nephila schweinfurthi Simon, 1890a: 105 (Df).
Nephila senegalensis schweinfurthi Canard & Dresco, 1975: 790, f. 1-4 (f, subspecific name removed from S of N. sumptuosa).
Trichonephila senegalensis schweinfurthi Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
Trichonephila sexpunctata (Giebel, 1867) | m f | Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013982]
Nephila sexpunctata Giebel, 1867a: 325 (Df).
Nephila fontanae Holmberg, 1876: 18 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059016].
Nephila riverai Brèthes, 1918: 216-218 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059017].
Nephila chacoensis Badcock, 1932: 16, f. 11 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059014].
Nephila dubia Badcock, 1932: 17 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059015].
Nephila sexpunctata Mello-Leitão, 1933b: 43 (S of Nephila riverai).
Nephila sexpunctata Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 155, f. 51 (m).
Nephila sexpunctata Mello-Leitão, 1944b: 321 (S of Nephila fontanae).
Nephila sexpunctata Levi & Eickstedt, 1989: 46, f. 5-15 (mf, S of Nephila chacoensis and N. dubia, both removed from S of N. clavipes, rejecting Mello-Leitão, 1946b: 40).
Nephila sexpunctata Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1453, f. 2C (f).
Trichonephila sexpunctata Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila sexpunctata Costa & Da Rosa, 2023: 2, f. 1, 2A-B, 4A-C (f).
Trichonephila sumptuosa (Gerstaecker, 1873) | m f | East Africa, Yemen (Socotra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013983]
Nephila sumptuosa Gerstaecker, 1873: 501, pl. 18, f. 12 (Df).
Nephila amoenula Gerstaecker, 1873: 500 (Df).
Nephila bennetti O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898b: 387, pl. 31, f. 2 (Df).
Nephila sumptuosa Pocock, 1903g: 189, pl. 14, f. 2 (f, Dm).
Nephila sumptuosa Dahl, 1912a: 43, 69, 71 (Df).
Nephila sumptuosa Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1453, f. 2A, 4G (mf).
Trichonephila sumptuosa Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila turneri (Blackwall, 1833) | m f | West, Central Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013985]
Nephila turneri Blackwall, 1833: 350 (Df).
Epeira femoralis Lucas, 1858: 414, pl. 12, f. 4 (Df).
Nephila vittata Keyserling, 1864: 142, pl. 5, f. 1-2 (Df).
Nephila dolabella Thorell, 1899: 37 (Dm).
Nephila femoralis Pocock, 1900g: 848.
Nephila femoralis Simon, 1903e: 83 (Dm).
Nephila femoralis carbonaria Simon, 1903e: 83 (Df).
Nephila femoralis obscurascens Strand, 1906h: 5 (Df).
Nephila femoralis fuscipes Strand, 1906h: 50 (Df).
Nephila turneri Dahl, 1912a: 42, 62, 79 (m).
Nephila turneri Benoit, 1962b: 227 (S).
Nephila turneri Canard & Dresco, 1975: 793, f. 5-9 (m).
Nephila turneri Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 166, f. 7A-C, M-N (mf).
Trichonephila turneri Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila).
Trichonephila turneri orientalis (Benoit, 1964) | f | Central, East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013986]
Nephila turneri orientalis Benoit, 1964b: 317 (Df).
Trichonephila turneri orientalis Kuntner et al., 2019: 557 (T from Nephila) [not explicitely, but 'automatically' together with the nominate form].
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