Taxon details
Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)
- Rank: Species
- Status: accepted
- Described:
- Last updated: 2024-10-12
- LSID: [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007816]
- Distribution: Probably native to North America only. Introduced to South America, Asia
- External Resources *:
- Holotype: ; Aranea mactans Fabricius, 1775 - type material probably lost or destroyed (Zimsen, 1964)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany; ff (4080, 8434, 29145–49) of Latrodectus hahli (Levi, 1959c)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany; ff (11434, 11434a) of Latrodectus insularis (Levi, 1959c)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany; ff (11435) of Latrodectus insularis lunulifer (Levi, 1959c)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany; ff (3835, 3835a–c) of Latrodectus luzonicus (Levi, 1959c)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany; ff (2473, 2473a) of Latrodectus sagittifer (Levi, 1959c)
Aranea mactans Fabricius, 1793: 410 (D).
Latrodectus mactans Walckenaer, 1805: 82 (T from Aranea).
Meta schuchii C. L. Koch, 1836a: 10, f. 167 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062455].
Latrodectus formidabilis Walckenaer, 1837: 647 (Df; probably to Latrodectus variolus per McCrone & Levi, 1964: 14) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062477].
Latrodectus perfidus Walckenaer, 1837: 647 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062478].
Latrodectus mactans Walckenaer, 1837: 648 (Df).
Latrodectus intersector Walckenaer, 1837: 649 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062479].
Latrodectus schuchii C. L. Koch, 1837b: 7, pl. 1, f. 14 (f).
Tetragnatha zorilla Walckenaer, 1841: 221, pl. 19, f. 2 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062480].
Latrodectus mactans C. L. Koch, 1841a: 115, f. 682 (f).
Theridion verecundum Hentz, 1850: 280, pl. 10, f. 1-2 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062481].
Theridion lineatum Hentz, 1850: 281, pl. 10, f. 3 (Dm; preoccupied by Clerck, 1757, see Enoplognatha ovata) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062482].
Latrodectus malmignatus tropica van Hasselt, 1860: 62, pl. 5, f. 1-6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062483].
Theridion carolinum Butler, 1877: 75, pl. 13, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062484].
Theridion lineamentum McCook, 1879b: 203 (replacement name for Theridion lineatum Hentz) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062485].
Latrodectus mactans Keyserling, 1884a: 145, pl. 7, f. 91 (Dm).
Latrodectus mactans McCook, 1889: 274, f. 250-252 (mf).
Lathrodectus mactans Tullgren, 1901a: 6, pl. 1, f. 2 (f, lapsus).
Latrodectus mactans Emerton, 1902: 123, f. 288, 291 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 378, pl. 35, f. 19-20 (mf, S of Latrodectus dotatus [nomen dubium by Levi, 1959c: 26], L. formidabilis, L. thoracicus [revalidated by Aguilera, D'Elía & Casanueva, 2009: 163], L. variegatus [S of L. curacaviensis by Levi, 1959c: 38, revalidated by Abalos, 1980: 47], L. variolus [revalidated by McCrone & Levi, 1964: 13], Tetragnatha zorilla, Theridion lineatum Hentz and T. verecundum).
Latrodectus insularis Dahl, 1902a: 41 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062444].
Latrodectus insularis lunulifer Dahl, 1902a: 41 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062445].
Latrodectus sagittifer Dahl, 1902a: 42 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062454].
Latrodectus hahli Dahl, 1902a: 44 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062439].
Latrodectus luzonicus Dahl, 1902a: 44 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062446].
Latrodectus mactans F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902c: 253, pl. 27, f. 2.
Latrodectus mactans Petrunkevitch, 1911: 181 (S of Latrodectus apicalis [revalidated by Roth & Craig, 1970: 121], L. insularis, L. intersector, L. malmignatus tropicus, L. perfidus, Theridion carolinum and T. lineamentum).
Latrodectus mactans Carbonell, 1923a: 351, f. 2.
Latrodectus mactans Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 103, f. 10 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Brazil & Vellard, 1926: 266, pl. 22, unnumbered fig. (f).
Latrodectus albomaculatus Franganillo, 1930: 11 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062429] = [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062458].
Latrodectus mactans Petrunkevitch, 1930a: 172, f. 10-13 (mf).
Latrodectus agoyangyang Plantilla & Mabalay, 1935: 188, f. 1 (Dmf; presumably rather S of Latrodectus hasselti] [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062428].
Latrodectus mactans Franganillo, 1936b: 81, f. 41-42 (m).
Latrodectus mactans albomaculatus Franganillo, 1936b: 81 (Df, reduced to subspecies).
Latrodectus mactans Franganillo, 1936c: 57, f. 24-25 (m).
Latrodectus foliatus Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 35, pl. I, f. 4 (f; misidentified per Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1965c: 58).
Latrodectus mactans Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1942: 16 (S of Latrodectus curacaviensis; revalidated by Levi, 1958: 1055).
Latrodectus mactans mexicanus Gonzalez, 1954: 455, f. 1 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:062459].
Latrodectus mactans Levi, 1959c: 24, f. 1, 5-7, 15, 19-21, 53-67, 72-79 (mf; S of Latrodectus agoyangyang, L. albomaculatus = mactans albomaculatus, L. cinctus, L. hahli, L. incertus, L. insularis lunulifer, L. katipo, L. katipo atritus, L. luzonicus, L. mactans mexicanus, L. renivulvatus, L. sagittifer, L. schuchi, L. stuhlmanni, Theridion melanozanthum and T. zebrinium; L. cinctus revalidated by Lotz, 1994a: 28, incl. S of L. stuhlmanni; L. renivulvatus revalidated by Lotz, 1994a: 46, incl. S of L. incertus; L. katipo and L. katipo atritus revalidated by Forster, 1995a: 22, 23; S of Theridion melanozanthum and T. zebrinium, rejected by Vink et al., 2008: 599, see L. katipo)..
Latrodectus mactans Carcavallo, 1960: 91, f. 1, 5, 8 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Wiehle, 1960c: 466, f. 11a-c (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Levi & Levi, 1962: 59, f. 254 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1965c: 58, f. 1-7, 9, 12-16 (mf, S of Latrodectus diaguita, revalidated by Abalos, 1980: 38).
Latrodectus mactans Wiehle, 1967c: 200, f. 14-16 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Levi, 1967c: 185, f. 60-62 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Zumpt, 1968: 385, f. 3 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Kaston, 1970: 37, f. 2, 12, 13a-d, g, i, k (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Bücherl, 1972: 19, f. 10b (f).
Latrodectus mactans Canese, 1972b: 87, f. II, IV (f).
Latrodectus mactans Levi & Randolph, 1975: 39, f. 6-8 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Abalos, 1980: 31, f. 14-16 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Roth, 1982: 47-8, f. 6-8 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Roth, 1985: B43-7, f. 6-8 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Coddington, 1990: 17, f. 87 (m).
Latrodectus mactans Schmidt & Klaas, 1991: 9, f. 3 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Breene et al., 1993: 57, f. 23A-B, 24A-B (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Roth, 1994: 181, f. 7-8 (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 457, f. 276a-f (f).
Latrodectus mactans Kim, 1999b: 23, f. 13-15 (f).
Latrodectus schuchi Schmidt, Piepho & Samm, 2001: 1 (probably not S of Latrodectus mactans or L. tredecimguttatus, records from Canary Is. and North Africa probably belong to L. lugubris).
Latrodectus mactans Kim, Cho & Lee, 2003: 83, f. 13-15 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Agnarsson, 2004: 569, f. 54D-E (m).
Latrodectus mactans Jäger, 2009: 35, f. 1-2 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Gómez-Rodríguez & Salazar, 2012: 3, f. I.9A-B (mf).
Latrodectus mactans Macas-Pogo & Astudillo, 2019: 61, f. 3-6 (f).
Latrodectus mactans Vanuytven, 2021: 27, 176, f. A.13d, B.166 (m).
Latrodectus mactans Cabrera-Espinosa & Valdez-Mondragón, 2021: 4, f. 8-10, 17, 21-23, 30-33 (mf).
Abalos, J. W. (1980). Las arañas del género Latrodectus en la Argentina. Obra del Centenário del Museu de La Plata 6: 29-51. -- Show included taxa
Agnarsson, I. (2004). Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 447-626. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x -- Show included taxa
Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A. (1995). Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 700 pp., 16 pls. -- Show included taxa
Brazil, V. & Vellard, J. (1926). Contribuição ao estudo do veneno das aranhas (continuação) (segunda memoria) Lycosa raptoria–Ctenus nigriventer–genero Latrodectus–genero Grammostola–Lasiodora curtior e Acanthoscuria sternalis. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 3: 243-299, Pl. 12-22. -- Show included taxa
Breene, R. G., Dean, D. A., Nyffeler, M. & Edwards, G. B. (1993). Biology, Predation Ecology, and Significance of Spiders in Texas Cotton Ecosystems with a Key to Species. Texas Agriculture Experiment Station, College Station, 115 pp. -- Show included taxa
Bücherl, W. (1972). Invertebrados as Aranhas. São Paulo, Edart, 158 pp. -- Show included taxa
Butler, A. G. (1877). Myriopoda and Arachnida. In: Günther, A. (ed.). Account of the zoological collection made during the visit of H. M. S. "Peterel" to the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 45(1): 75-77, Pl. XIII. -- Show included taxa
Cabrera-Espinosa, L. A. & Valdez-Mondragón, A. (2021). Distribución y modelaje de nicho ecológico, comentarios biogeográficos y taxonómicos del género de arañas Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 92(e923665): 1-20. doi:10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3665 -- Show included taxa
Canese, A. (1972b). Latrodectus mactans: variaciones del dibujo y del color. Revista Paraguaya de Microbiología 7: 87-89. -- Show included taxa
Carbonell, J. (1923a). Algunos datos sobre las arañas del género Latrodectus que se hallan en la Argentina. Physis 6: 350-353. -- Show included taxa
Carcavallo, R. U. (1960). Una nueva Latrodectus y consideraciones sobre las especies del género en la Republica Argentina (Arach. Theridiidae). Neotropica 5: 85-94. -- Show included taxa
Coddington, J. A. (1990). Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 496: 1-52. -- Show included taxa
Dahl, F. (1902a). Über abgebrochene Copulationsorgane männlicher Spinnen im Körper der Weibchen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1902: 36-45. -- Show included taxa
Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 -- Show included taxa
Fabricius, J. C. (1775). Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis descriptionibus observationibus. Libraria Kortii, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae [= Kortensche Buchhandlung, Flensburg & Leipzig], 832 pp. (Araneae, pp. 431-441). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36510 -- Show included taxa
Fabricius, J. C. (1793). Entomologiae systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. II. Christian Gottlieb Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen], 519 pp. [Aranea pp. 407-428]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.122153 -- Show included taxa
Franganillo B., P. (1930). Arácnidos de Cuba: Mas arácnidos nuevos de la Isla de Cuba. Memorias del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas 1: 47-99. [reprinted separately, pp. 1-55; only reprint seen and cited] -- Show included taxa
Franganillo B., P. (1936b). Arácnidos recogidos durante el verano de 1934 (Prosigue). Revista Belen 1936(57-58): 75-82. -- Show included taxa
Franganillo B., P. (1936c). Los arácnidos de Cuba hasta 1936. Cultural, La Habana, 183 pp. -- Show included taxa
Gerschman, B. S. & Schiapelli, R. D. (1942). Revisión del género Latrodectus Walckenaer 1805. In: Sampayo, R. (ed.) Latrodectus mactans y latrodectismo. Buenos Aires 2(Syst.), 1-23. -- Show included taxa
Gerschman de P., B. S. & Schiapelli, R. D. (1965c). El género Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Theridiidae) en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 27: 51-59. -- Show included taxa
Gómez-Rodríguez, J. F. & Salazar O., C. A. (2012). Arañas de la región montañosa de Miquihuana, Tamaulipas: listado faunístico y registros nuevos. Dugesiana 19: 1-7. -- Show included taxa
Gonzalez T., L. (1954). Latrodectus mactans mexicanus subsp. nov. Anales del Instituto Biológico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 24: 455-457. -- Show included taxa
Hasselt, A. W. M. van (1860). Studien over de z. g. curaçaosche Orange-Spin, eene nog weinig bekende Latrodectus-soort. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (3) 16: 46-66. -- Show included taxa
Hentz, N. M. (1850). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 6: 18-35, 271-295. -- Show included taxa
Jäger, P. (2009). Latrodectus mactans nach Deutschland eingeschleppt (Araneae: Theridiidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 37: 35-38. doi:10.5431/aramit3707 -- Show included taxa
Kaston, B. J. (1970). Comparative biology of American black widow spiders. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 16: 33-82. -- Show included taxa
Keyserling, E. (1884a). Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg 1, 1-222. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.64832 -- Show included taxa
Kim, J. P. (1999b). Study of poisonous spiders from China. Korean Arachnology 15(1): 19-26. -- Show included taxa
Kim, J. P., Cho, Y. J. & Lee, Y. B. (2003). A list of venomous spiders of the world. Korean Arachnology 19: 75-88. -- Show included taxa
Koch, C. L. (1836a). Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, pp. 1-104, pl. 73-105 (f. 164-245). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 -- Show included taxa
Koch, C. L. (1837b). Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Heft 1. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 39 pp., pl. 1-6. [for the detailled publishing date see Nagel & Grieder, 2019: 47] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561 -- Show included taxa
Koch, C. L. (1841a). Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Achter Band, pp. 41-131, pl. 265-288 (f. 621-694); Neunter Band, pp. 1-56, pl. 289-306 (f. 695-726). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 -- Show included taxa
Levi, H. W. (1959c). The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 78(1): 7-43. doi:10.2307/3223799 -- Show included taxa
Levi, H. W. & Levi, L. R. (1962). The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127(1): 1-71, pl. 1-14. -- Show included taxa
Levi, H. W. (1967c). Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175-186. -- Show included taxa
Levi, H. W. & Randolph, D. E. (1975). A key and checklist of American spiders of the family Theridiidae north of Mexico (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 3: 31-51. -- Show included taxa
Macas-Pogo, P. & Astudillo, M. D. (2019). Registro de Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Theridiidae) en Chingazo Alto, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 35: 61-62. -- Show included taxa
McCook, H. C. (1879b). A monograph of the habits, architecture and structure of Pogonomyrmex barbatus. In: The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant of Texas. Philadelphia, 311 pp. (Araneae, p. 203). -- Show included taxa
McCook, H. C. (1889). American spiders and their spinningwork. Philadelphia 1, 1-373. -- Show included taxa
Mello-Leitão, C. F. de (1940b). Arañas de la provincia de Buenos Aires y de las gobernaciones de La Pampa, Neuquén, Río Negro y Chubut. Revista del Museo de La Plata (N.S.,Zool.) 2: 3-62. -- Show included taxa
Petrunkevitch, A. (1925a). Arachnida from Panama. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 27: 51-248. -- Show included taxa
Petrunkevitch, A. (1930a). The spiders of Porto Rico. Part two. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 30: 159-356. -- Show included taxa
Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. -- Show included taxa
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London 2, 313-424. [for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011] -- Show included taxa
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902c). On the spiders of the genus Latrodectus, Walckenaer. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 72(I, 1): 247-261, pl. 26-27. -- Show included taxa
Plantilla, F. C. & Mabalay, E. (1935). Latrodectus agoyanyang, preliminary notes on the entomological, clinical and experimental studies. Monthly Bulletin of the Philippine Health Service 15(6): 187-197, 1 pl. -- Show included taxa
Roth, V. D. (1982). Handbook for spider identification. Published by the author, Portal, Arizona, 128 pp. -- Show included taxa
Roth, V. D. (1985). Spider genera of North America. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville. -- Show included taxa
Roth, V. D. (1994). Spider Genera of North America, with Keys to Families and Genera, and a Guide to Literature, third edition. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, 203 pp. -- Show included taxa
Schmidt, G. & Klaas, P. (1991). Eine neue Latrodectus-Spezies aus Sri Lanka (Araneida: Theridiidae). Arachnologischer Anzeiger 14: 6-9. -- Show included taxa
Schmidt, G., Piepho, F. & Samm, R. (2001). Ist Latrodectus schuchi (C. L. Koch, 1836) ein Synonym von Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Theridiidae)?. Arachnologisches Magazin 9(11/12): 1-5. -- Show included taxa
Tullgren, A. (1901a). On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr. Einar Lönnberg 1892–93. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27(IV, 1): 1-29, 1 pl. -- Show included taxa
Vanuytven, H. (2021). The Theridiidae of the World. A key to the genera with their diagnosis and a study of the body length of all known species. Newsletter of the Belgian arachnological Society 35(Supplement): 1-363. -- Show included taxa
Walckenaer, C. A. (1837). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., pl. 1-15. [plates in second pdf] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61095 -- Show included taxa
Walckenaer, C. A. (1841). Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Tome deuxième. Roret, Paris, 549 pp., pl. 16-22. [not published in 1837, see pp. 430, 452, 505; plates in second pdf of Walckenaer, 1837] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61095 -- Show included taxa
Walckenaer, C. A. (1805). Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Dentu, Paris, 88 pp. -- Show included taxa
Wiehle, H. (1960c). Der Embolus des männlichen Spinnentasters. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 1960: 457-480. -- Show included taxa
Wiehle, H. (1967c). Steckengebliebene Emboli in den Vulven von Spinnen (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 48: 197-202. -- Show included taxa
Zumpt, F. (1968). Latrodectism in South Africa. South African Medical Journal 42: 385-390. -- Show included taxa
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Date | Type | Reference | Detail |
---|---|---|---|
2021-11-12 | New taxonomic reference entry | Cabrera-Espinosa & Valdez-Mondragón, 2021 | n/a |
2021-02-15 | New taxonomic reference entry | Vanuytven, 2021 | n/a |
2019-12-31 | New taxonomic reference entry | Macas-Pogo & Astudillo, 2019 | n/a |
2016-09-19 | New taxonomic reference entry | Brazil & Vellard, 1926 | n/a |