World Spider Catalog Archive Version 24.5, generated on 2024-01-15

Family: Phonognathidae Simon,1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0156] Detail
N.B.: Phonognathinae Simon, 1894a: 746 (as Phonognatheae), senior synonym of Zygiellidae Simon, 1929: 661 sensu Wunderlich, 2004f, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, but confirmed by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969; Eskov & Marusik, 2023: 241 consider the younger name Zygiellidae to be protected by usage, but without proving it.
In synonymy:
Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 = Artiphex Kallal & Hormiga, 2022 (Kallal & Hormiga, 2022b: 394, preoccupied, replacement name)
Parazygiella Wunderlich, 2004 = Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 (Gregorič et al., 2015a: 241)
Singotypa Simon, 1894 = Phonognatha Simon, 1894 (Dondale, 1966: 1170)
Stroemiellus Wunderlich, 2004 = Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004 (Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240)
Zygia C. L. Koch, 1834 = Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902d: 15, preoccupied, replacement name)
Homonyms replaced:
Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 -- see Artiphex (in Kallal & Hormiga, 2022b)
Zygia C. L. Koch, 1834 -- see Zygiella (in F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902d)
Gen. Artiphex Kallal & Hormiga, 2022 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05594] Detail
type Epeira melanopyga L. Koch, 1871; gender feminine
N.B.: replacement name for Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1124 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04500], preoccupied in Hymenoptera by Silveira, 2008.
In synonymy:
Artiphex mastersi (Bradley, 1876, T from Araneus) = Artiphex melanopyga (L. Koch, 1871) (Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1125, sub Artifex).
Artiphex joannae (Berland, 1924) | m f | New Caledonia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014065]
Phonognatha joannae Berland, 1924a: 213, f. 118-120 (Dmf).
Artifex joannae Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1130, f. 43A-D, 44A-G (f, T from Phonognatha).
Artiphex joannae Kallal & Hormiga, 2022b: 394 (T from Artifex).
Artiphex melanopyga (L. Koch, 1871) * | m f | Australia (Queensland)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014067]
Epeira melanopyga L. Koch, 1871: 97, pl. 8, f. 2 (Df).
Epeira mastersii Bradley, 1876a: 146, pl. 1, f. 6 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:015010].
Singotypa melanopygia Rainbow, 1916a: 87, pl. 21, f. 9 (Dm).
Phonognatha melanopyga Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 170, f. 11D, H-I (mf).
Phonognatha melanopyga Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1452, f. 1C (m).
Artifex melanopyga Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1125, f. 1D, 10C, 39A-I, 40A-G, 41A-I (mf, T from Phonognatha, S of Araneus mastersi).
Artiphex melanopyga Kallal & Hormiga, 2022b: 394 (T from Artifex).
Gen. Deliochus Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01369] Detail
type Meta zelivira Keyserling, 1887; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Tetragnathidae to the Araneidae by Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 190 and to the Phonognathidae by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969.
In synonymy:
Deliochus favorabilis (Rainbow, 1916, T from Araneus) = Deliochus humilis (L. Koch, 1867) (Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1102).
Deliochus humilis (L. Koch, 1867) | m f | Australia, Papua New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014940]
Theridion humile L. Koch, 1867b: 191 (Df).
Epeira humilis L. Koch, 1872a: 107, pl. 9, f. 1 (f).
Araneus favorabilis Rainbow, 1916a: 103, pl. 22, f. 18-19 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014865].
Deliochus humilis Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 171, f. 12A-B (m).
Deliochus humilis Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1102, f. 10B, 31A-I, 32A-G, 33A-I (mf, T from Araneus, S of Araneus favorabilis).
Deliochus idoneus (Keyserling, 1887) | m f | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014941]
Epeira idonea Keyserling, 1887a: 177, pl. 15, f. 5 (Df).
Deliochus idoneus Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1118, f. 1F, 35A-I, 36A-G, 37A-I (Dm, f, T from Araneus).
Deliochus pulcher Rainbow, 1916 | f | Australia (Queensland)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013593]
Deliochus pulchra Rainbow, 1916a: 88, pl. 21, f. 10-11 (Df).
Deliochus pulchra Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1133 (misplaced in Deliochus, presumably to Tetragnathidae).
Deliochus pulcher melanius Rainbow, 1916 | f | Australia (Queensland)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013594]
Deliochus pulchra melania Rainbow, 1916a: 89, pl. 21, f. 12 (Df).
Deliochus pulchra melania Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1133 (misplaced in Deliochus, presumably to Tetragnathidae).
Deliochus zelivira (Keyserling, 1887) * | m f | Australia, Tasmania     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:013595]
Meta zelivira Keyserling, 1887a: 210, pl. 19, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Deliochus zelivira Simon, 1894a: 749.
Deliochus zelivira Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 171, f. C-D (f).
Deliochus zelivira Kuntner, Coddington & Schneider, 2009: 1453, f. 2C-D (f).
Deliochus zelivira Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1107, f. 1E, 27A-I, 28A-G, 29A-I (mf).
Gen. Leviellus Wunderlich, 2004 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03689] Detail
type Zygiella kochi Thorell, 1870; gender masculine
N.B.: placed in the Zygiellidae Simon, 1929 by Wunderlich, 2004f: 935 (not accepted by later authors); the Phonognathinae Simon, 1894a: 746 (as Phonognatheae), a senior synonym of Zygiellidae, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, but confirmed by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969; considered a synonym of Stroemiellus Wunderlich, 2004f: 936 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03688] (type Zilla stroemi Thorell, 1870) by Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240.
Leviellus caspicus (Simon, 1889) | m f | Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017169]
Zilla caspica Simon, 1889l: 382 (Dm).
Zygiella caspica Levi, 1974a: 280, f. 70-75 (m, Df).
Leviellus caspica Wunderlich, 2004f: 928 (T from Zygiella).
Leviellus caspicus Mikhailov, 2013b: 110 (emended specific epithet).
Leviellus caspicus Seropian, Otto & Bulbulashvili, 2023: 154, f. 20-26, 29-35, Suppl.: 7 f. (mf).
Leviellus inconveniens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | m f | Lebanon, Israel     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017172]
Epeira inconveniens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 298 (Df).
Zygiella inconveniens Simon, 1929: 664.
Zygiella inconveniens Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 92-94 (f).
Zygiella inconveniens Levy, 1987: 247, f. 13-25 (f, Dm).
Leviellus inconveniens Wunderlich, 2004f: 928, f. 58 (m, T from Zygiella).
Leviellus kochi (Thorell, 1870) * | m f | Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017176]
Zilla kochii Thorell, 1870a: 33 (Dmf).
Zilla kochi Bösenberg, 1901: 43, pl. 3, f. 32 (mf).
Zygiella kochi Simon, 1929: 663, 754, f. 1021, 1025 (mf).
Zilla kochi Wiehle, 1931: 41, f. 52-53 (mf).
Zygiella kochi Levi, 1974a: 283, f. 85-91 (mf).
Leviellus kochi Wunderlich, 2004f: 928, f. 38 (m, T from Zygiella).
Leviellus kochi Dentici, 2019: 118, f. 3 (m).
Leviellus kochi Morano, 2023: 95, f. 89-90 (mf).
Leviellus kochi Atlı, Türkeş & Seyyar, 2023b: 387, f. 2A-C (f).
Leviellus poriensis (Levy, 1987) | f | Israel     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017181]
Zygiella poriensis Levy, 1987: 249, f. 26-33 (Df).
Leviellus poriensis Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240 (T from Zygiella).
Leviellus stroemi (Thorell, 1870) | m f | Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017185]
Epeira montana Westring, 1851: 35 (misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 34 and Thorell, 1870b: 235).
Zilla montana Westring, 1861: 73 (misidentified per Thorell, 1870a: 34 and Thorell, 1870b: 235).
Zilla stroemi Thorell, 1870a: 34 (Dmf).
Zilla stroemi Simon, 1874a: 144 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 30 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Becker, 1896: (2): 55, pl. 11, f. 2 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Bösenberg, 1901: 45, pl. 3, f. 34 (mf).
Araneus stroemi Lessert, 1910b: 343.
Araneus stroemi Fedotov, 1912a: 90, f. 34 (m).
Zilla stroemi Jackson, 1914: 125, pl. 3, f. 1-2 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Simon, 1929: 664, 754, f. 1022-1023 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Wiehle, 1931: 36, f. 43-45 (mf).
Zilla stroemi Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 8 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Locket & Millidge, 1953: 163, f. 108B, 109C (mf, removed from S of Z. x-notata sensu Thorell, 1856).
Zilla stroemi Zamaraev, 1964: 351, f. 11-13 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Tystshenko, 1971: 191, f. 553, 556 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Miller, 1971: 203, pl. XXXVII, f. 12-13 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 96A-C (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Levi, 1974a: 286, f. 102-110 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Palmgren, 1974a: 13, f. 5a-c (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Punda, 1975b: 45, f. 85-86 (f).
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99e (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 144 (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1995: 335, f. (mf).
Zygiella stroemi Roberts, 1998: 348, f. (mf).
Stroemiellus stroemi Wunderlich, 2004f: 936, f. 39-40 (m, T from Zygiella).
Zygiella stroemi Almquist, 2005: 180, f. 185a-e (mf).
Stroemiellus stroemi Marusik, 2009h: 14, f. 9 (f).
Zygiella stroemi Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix (T to Zilla; not sufficiently justified and is not accepted here).
Leviellus stroemi Gregorič et al., 2015a: 240 (T from Stroemiellus).
Stroemiellus stroemi Kim & Ye, 2015d: 82, f. 1-6 (f).
Leviellus stroemi Seropian, Otto & Bulbulashvili, 2023: 154, f. 27-28 (f).
Leviellus stroemi Dolejš, 2023: 18, f. 3a-b (f).
Leviellus thorelli (Ausserer, 1871) | m f | France, Central, Southern and South-Eastern Europe     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017186]
Zilla thorellii Ausserer, 1871b: 830, pl. 5, f. 10 (Df).
Zilla thorelli Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 32 (f).
Zilla thorelli Bösenberg, 1901: 42, pl. 3, f. 31 (f, Dm).
Araneus thorelli Lessert, 1910b: 342.
Zygiella thorelli Simon, 1929: 663, 755, f. 1019, 1024 (mf).
Zilla thorelli Wiehle, 1931: 39, f. 49-51 (mf).
Zilla thorelli Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 9 (mf).
Zygiella thorelli Loksa, 1972: 106, f. 97A-C (mf).
Zygiella thorelli Levi, 1974a: 284, f. 95-101 (mf).
Zygiella thorelli Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 145 (mf).
Leviellus thorelli Wunderlich, 2004f: 935 (T from Zygiella).
Leviellus thorelli Pfliegler, 2014: 145, f. 1i-j, 4b (m).
Leviellus thorelli Cruveillier, Guerbaa & Lecigne, 2017: 27, f. 2-6 (mf).
Leviellus thorelli Geci et al., 2022: 76, f. 3A-C (f).
Gen. Phonognatha Simon, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01406] Detail
type Epeira graeffei Keyserling, 1865; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Tetragnathidae to the Araneidae by Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 190, confirmed by Murphy & Roberts, 2015: ix; the Phonognathinae Simon, 1894a: 746 (as Phonognatheae), elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, but confirmed by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969; considered a senior synonym of Singotypa Simon, 1894a: 784 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05317] (type Epeira melania L. Koch, 1871) by Dondale, 1966: 1170.
Transferred to other genera:
Phonognatha acanthopus (Simon, 1907) -- see Singafrotypa
Phonognatha guanga Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 -- see Neriene
Phonognatha joannae Berland, 1924 -- see Artifex
Phonognatha melanopyga (L. Koch, 1871) -- see Artifex
Phonognatha vicitra Sherriffs, 1928 -- see Acusilas
In synonymy:
Phonognatha pallida (Dalmas, 1917) = Phonognatha melania (L. Koch, 1871) (Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1091).
Phonognatha wagneri (Rainbow, 1896, T from Araneus) = Phonognatha graeffei (Keyserling, 1865) (Dondale, 1966: 1171).
Phonognatha graeffei (Keyserling, 1865) * | m f | Australia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014062]
Epeira graeffii Keyserling, 1865: 811, pl. 19, f. 12-13 (Df; patronym for Graeffe).
Epeira graeffei L. Koch, 1871: 98.
Phonognatha graeffei Simon, 1894a: 748, f. 829-831 (f).
Epeira wagneri Rainbow, 1896a: 325, pl. 19, f. 2 (Df).
Phonognatha graeffei Dondale, 1966: 1171, f. 5A-G (f, Sm).
Phonognatha graeffei Davies, 1988b: 288, f. 10 (mf).
Phonognatha graeffei Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5K, 8A-G (m).
Phonognatha graeffei Kuntner, Coddington & Hormiga, 2008: 170, f. 11A-C, E-G (mf).
Phonognatha graeffei Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 838, f. 125E-F, 136E (m).
Phonognatha graeffei Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1080, f. 1A,C, 4A-B, 10A, 11A-I, 12A-G, 13A-I (mf).
Phonognatha melania (L. Koch, 1871) | m f | Australia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014066]
Epeira melania L. Koch, 1871: 100, pl. 8, f. 3 (Df).
Meta melania Keyserling, 1887a: 207, pl. 18, f. 7 (Dm).
Singotypa melania Simon, 1894a: 749.
Singotypa pallida Dalmas, 1917b: 435 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014068].
Phonognatha melania Dondale, 1966: 1172, f. 5H-O (mf).
Phonognatha melania Hickman, 1967: 56, f. 99-102 (mf).
Phonognatha melania Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1091, f. 15A-I, 16A-G, 17A-I (mf, S of Phonognatha pallida).
Phonognatha neocaledonica Berland, 1924 | m f | New Caledonia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014063]
Phonognatha graeffei neocaledonica Berland, 1924a: 213, f. 113-117 (Dmf).
Phonognatha neocaledonica Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1098, f. 19A-D, 20A-G, 21A-I (mf, elevated to species rank from subspecies of P. graeffei).
Phonognatha tanyodon Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 | m f | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050738]
Phonognatha tanyodon Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1102, f. 1B, 23A-I, 24A-G, 25A-I (Dmf).
Gen. Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01582] Detail
type Zygia calophylla C. L. Koch, 1834; gender feminine; syn. of Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757)
N.B.: transferred to the Tetragnathidae by Levi, 1980a: 2 and back to the Araneidae by Scharff & Coddington, 1997: 404 (after Coddington, 1990: 17); placed in the Zygiellidae Simon, 1929 by Wunderlich, 2004f: 935 (not accepted by later authors); the Phonognathinae Simon, 1894a: 746 (as Phonognatheae), a senior synonym of Zygiellidae, elevated to family by Kuntner et al., 2019: 563, not accepted by Scharff et al., 2020 and Kallal et al., 2020, but confirmed by Kuntner et al., 2023: 969; replacement name for Zygia C. L. Koch, 1834: 123.17-19 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05965], preoccupied in Coleoptera by Fabricius, 1775; considered a senior synonym of Parazygiella Wunderlich, 2004d: 936 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03687] (type Zilla montana C. L. Koch, 1834) by Gregorič et al., 2015a: 241.
Transferred to other genera:
Zygiella alpina (Giebel, 1867) -- see Theridion
Zygiella aureola (Keyserling, 1884) -- see Chrysometa
Zygiella baojingensis Yin, 2002 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella caspica (Simon, 1889) -- see Leviellus
Zygiella decolorata (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Mangora
Zygiella guangxiensis Zhu & Zhang, 1993 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella guttata (Keyserling, 1880) -- see Chrysometa
Zygiella guyanensis (Keyserling, 1881) -- see Manogea
Zygiella inconveniens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) -- see Leviellus
Zygiella indica Tikader & Bal, 1980 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella kochi (Thorell, 1870) -- see Leviellus
Zygiella melanocephala (Taczanowski, 1873) -- see Mangora
Zygiella melanocrania (Thorell, 1887) -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella nadleri Heimer, 1984 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella nawazi (Dyal, 1935) -- see Bijoaraneus
Zygiella poriensis Levy, 1987 -- see Leviellus
Zygiella punctata (Keyserling, 1893) -- see Metazygia
Zygiella rogenhoferi (Keyserling, 1878) -- see Metazygia
Zygiella salta Yin & Gong, 1996 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella shivui Patel & Reddy, 1990 -- see Guizygiella
Zygiella sia (Strand, 1906) -- see Yaginumia
Zygiella stroemi (Thorell, 1870) -- see Leviellus
Zygiella thorelli (Ausserer, 1871) -- see Leviellus
In synonymy:
Zygiella biologica (Chamberlin, 1925, T from Pseudometa = Chrysometa) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1980a: 16).
Zygiella boesenbergi (Keyserling, 1878) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 276).
Zygiella californica (Banks, 1896) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Gertsch, 1964a: 12).
Zygiella calophylla (Walckenaer, 1802) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 271).
Zygiella canariensis Schmidt, 1977 = Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 (Wunderlich, 1987a: 135).
Zygiella gigans (Franganillo, 1913, T from Enoplognatha) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Méndez, 1998: 145, confirmed by Breitling et al., 2016b: 57).
Zygiella litterata (Olivier, 1789) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Clerckian names validated by ICZN, 1959 (Direction 104)).
Zygiella maulliniana (Mello-Leitão, 1951, T from Larinia) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Levi, 1974a: 276).
Zygiella x-notata chelata (Franganillo, 1909) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56).
Zygiella x-notata percechelata (Franganillo, 1909) = Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56).
Nomen dubium:
Zygiella crucinotata (Pokrowsky, 1904: 300, f. 25-25a, f, Russia/Europe, originally in Zilla) -- Levi, 1974a: 271.
Nomen nudum:
Zygiella pulcherrima (Zawadsky, 1902: 5, Georgia, sub Zilla) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017182] -- Mikhailov, 2013b: 113.
Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) | m f | Europe. Introduced to USA, Canada     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017166]
Eucharia atrica C. L. Koch, 1845: 103, f. 1030-1031 (Dmf).
Epeira atrica Westring, 1851: 35.
Zilla atrica Thorell, 1856: 107.
Zygia atrica Menge, 1866: 78, pl. 12, f. 20 (mf).
Zilla atrica Thorell, 1870a: 31.
Zilla atrica Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 34 (mf).
Zilla atrica F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892: 395, pl. 20, f. 3, pl. 21, f. 9 (mf).
Zilla atrica McCook, 1894: 238, pl. 18, f. 7-8 (mf).
Zilla atrica Simon, 1895a: 814, f. 866 (m).
Zilla atrica Becker, 1896: (2): 51, pl. 10, f. 5 (mf).
Zilla atrica Bösenberg, 1901: 46, pl. 3, f. 36 (mf).
Zilla atrica Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 431-434 (m).
Zilla atrica Emerton, 1909: 201, pl. 5, f. 4 (m).
Araneus atricus Lessert, 1910b: 339.
Zygiella atrica Simon, 1929: 661, 665, 753, f. 1017, 1027 (mf).
Aranea atrica Reimoser, 1929c: 86, f. 5 (mf).
Zilla atrica Wiehle, 1931: 33, f. 38-40 (mf).
Zilla atrica Comstock, 1940: 473, f. 471a, 472a (mf).
Zilla atrica Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 9 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Kaston, 1948: 243, f. 748-749, 770 (mf, removed from S of Z. calophylla).
Zygiella atrica Locket & Millidge, 1953: 163, f. 108D, 109A (mf).
Zilla atrica Saito, 1959: 109, f. 127a-b (f).
Zygiella atrica Gertsch, 1964a: 16, f. 18-20 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Tystshenko, 1971: 191, f. 555 (f).
Zygiella atrica Miller, 1971: 204, pl. XXXVII, f. 14 (f).
Zygiella atrica Levi, 1974a: 272, f. 1-8 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Palmgren, 1974a: 12, f. 5d-f (mf).
Zygiella atrica Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99d (mf).
Zygiella atrica Coddington, 1990: 17, f. 67 (m).
Zygiella atrica Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 64, f. 142 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Roberts, 1995: 334, f. (mf).
Zygiella atrica Roberts, 1998: 347, f. (mf).
Zygiella atrica Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 49, f. 347-349 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Dondale et al., 2003: 298, f. 698-703 (mf).
Zygiella atrica Wunderlich, 2004f: 948, f. 37 (m).
Zygiella atrica Almquist, 2005: 179, f. 184a-g (mf).
Zygiella calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894) | f | China, Myanmar, Malaysia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017167]
Epeira calyptrata Workman & Workman, 1894: 21, pl. 21 (f).
Epeira calyptrata Thorell, 1895b: 188 (Df).
Zygiella calyptrata Roewer, 1942a: 886.
Zygiella calyptrata Levi, 1974a: 282, f. 76-80 (f).
Zygiella calyptrata Yin et al., 1990: 138, f. 341-343 (f, misidentified).
Zygiella calyptrata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 129O-P (f).
Zygiella carpenteri Archer, 1951 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017168]
Zygiella carpenteri Archer, 1951a: 18, f. 34 (Df).
Zygiella carpenteri Gertsch, 1964a: 9, f. 11-14 (f, Dm).
Zygiella carpenteri Levi, 1974a: 280, f. 62-69 (mf).
Parazygiella carpenteri Wunderlich, 2004f: 928 (Tmf from Zygiella).
Zygiella carpenteri Gregorič et al., 2015a: 241 (T from Parazygiella).
Zygiella dispar (Kulczyński, 1885) | m f | North America, Russia (Far East), Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017170]
Zilla dispar Kulczyński, 1885: 24, pl. 9, f. 7 (Dmf).
Aranea dispar Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 238.
Zilla montana Comstock, 1940: 474, f. 471c, 472c (mf, misidentified).
Zygiella montana Levi & Field, 1954: 452, f. 36-37 (mf, misidentified).
Zygiella dispar Gertsch, 1964a: 7, f. 7-10 (mf).
Zygiella dispar Levi, 1974a: 278, f. 33-37, 44, 48 only (mf, S, rejected).
Zygiella montana Chikuni, 1989b: 77, f. 44 (mf, misidentified).
Zygiella dispar Levi, 2002: 541, f. 106-107 (f).
Zygiella dispar Tanikawa, 2002: 105, f. 1-6 (mf).
Zygiella dispar Dondale et al., 2003: 303, f. 711-718 (mf).
Parazygiella dispar Wunderlich, 2004f: 928 (Tmf from Zygiella).
Parazygiella disper Tanikawa, 2007c: 55, f. 83-85, 483-484 (mf, lapsus).
Parazygiella dispar Tanikawa, 2009: 433, f. 65-66 (mf).
Parazygiella dispar Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2011: 269, f. 41.1-8 (mf).
Zygiella dispar Gregorič et al., 2015a: 241 (T from Parazygiella).
Zygiella dispar Tanikawa, 2017a: 1, f. 1E-F, 2D-F (mf).
Zygiella hiramatsui Tanikawa, 2017 | m f | Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049604]
Zygiella hiramatsui Tanikawa, 2017a: 1, f. 1A-D, 2A-C (Dmf).
Zygiella keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871) | m f | Southern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Caucasus), Turkey     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017174]
Zilla keyserlingii Ausserer, 1871b: 830, pl. 5, f. 11 (Df).
Zilla atrica Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 34 (mf, in part).
Zilla keyserlingi Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 307 (Dm).
Zygiella keyserlingi Simon, 1929: 661.
Zilla keyserlingi Wiehle, 1931: 35, f. 41-42 (mf).
Zygiella keyserlingi Levi, 1974a: 274, f. 9-14 (mf).
Zygiella keyserlingi Kovblyuk et al., 2008b: 9, f. 2-5, 29-30 (f).
Zygiella keyserlingi Gökalp & Kaya, 2017: 131, f. 2-11 (mf).
Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974 | f | Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017175]
Zygiella kirgisicus Bakhvalov, 1974: 108, f. 15-17 (Df).
Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1982: 138, f. 2 (f).
Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1983: 87, f. 2 (f).
Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 | m f | Canary Is., Madeira     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017178]
Zygiella x-notata minima Schmidt, 1968: 414, f. 11 (Dm).
Zygiella minima Levi, 1974a: 274, f. 15-20 (m, Df, elevated to species).
Zygiella canariensis Schmidt, 1977: 62, f. 9-11 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058078].
Zygiella minima Wunderlich, 1987a: 135 (S of Zygiella canariensis).
Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Uzbekistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017179]
Zilla montana C. L. Koch, 1834: 125, pl. 19 (Df).
Zilla montana C. L. Koch, 1839a: 146, f. 536-537 (Dmf).
Zilla alpina L. Koch, 1870: 16 (Dmf).
Zilla montana Emerton, 1884: 323, pl. 34, f. 14, pl. 37, f. 22-23, 26, 28 (mf).
Zilla montana Kulczyński, 1885: 25, pl. 9, f. 8 (m).
Zilla montana Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 33 (f).
Zilla montana McCook, 1894: 239, pl. 18, f. 3-4 (mf).
Zilla montana Bösenberg, 1901: 44, pl. 3, f. 33 (mf).
Zilla montana Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 435a (m).
Zilla montana Emerton, 1909: 201, pl. 5, f. 4b (f).
Araneus montanus Lessert, 1910b: 341.
Zygiella montana Simon, 1929: 663, 754, f. 1020, 1026 (mf).
Zilla montana Wiehle, 1931: 38, f. 46-48 (mf).
Zilla montana Drensky, 1943: 227, f. 8 (mf).
Zygiella montana Miller, 1971: 202, pl. XXXVII, f. 10-11 (mf).
Zygiella montana Levi, 1974a: 278, f. 51-56, 59-61 (mf).
Zygiella montana Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 64, f. 141 (mf).
Zygiella montana Roberts, 1995: 335, f. (mf).
Zygiella montana Roberts, 1998: 347, f. (mf).
Parazygiella montana Wunderlich, 2004f: 936 (Tmf from Zygiella).
Parazygiella montana Topçu et al., 2006a: 336, f. 2 (f).
Zygiella montana Gregorič et al., 2015a: 241 (T from Parazygiella).
Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039205]
Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964a: 4, f. 3-6 (Dmf).
Zygiella dispar Levi, 1974a: 278, f. 32, 38-43, 45-47 (mf, misidentified).
Zygiella nearctica Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 49, f. 350-352 (mf).
Zygiella nearctica Dondale et al., 2003: 303, f. 711-718 (mf, removed from S).
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) * | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran? Introduced to North America, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, China, Japan, Réunion     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017187]
Araneus x-notatus Clerck, 1757: 46, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df).
Aranea litterata Olivier, 1789: 206 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058079].
Araneus x-notatus Martyn, 1793: 12, pl. 2, f. 2 (f).
Aranea calophylla Walckenaer, 1802: 200 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058077].
Epeira calophylla Sundevall, 1833a: 252.
Zygia calophylla C. L. Koch, 1834: 123, pl. 17-19 (mf).
Eucharia calophylla C. L. Koch, 1835: 134, pl. 8 (second text page) .
Zilla calophylla C. L. Koch, 1839a: 148, f. 538-539 (mf).
Epeira similis Blackwall, 1844: 186 (Dmf).
Zilla x-notata Thorell, 1856: 26 (D).
Epeira similis Blackwall, 1864a: 337, pl. 25, f. 244.
Epeira calophylla Blackwall, 1864a: 338, pl. 25, f. 245 (mf).
Zilla calophylla Menge, 1866: 76, pl. 12, f. 19 (Dmf).
Zygia calophylla Ohlert, 1867: 30.
Zilla bösenbergii Keyserling, 1878a: 575, pl. 14, f. 4-5 (Dmf).
Zilla x-notata Hansen, 1882: 23, pl. 1, f. 39 (mf).
Zilla x-notata Emerton, 1884: 324, pl. 11, f. 2, pl. 34, f. 13, pl. 37, f. 24-25, 27 (mf).
Zilla x-notata Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 137, pl. 5, f. 35 (mf).
Zilla x-notata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892: 395, pl. 21, f. 8 (mf).
Zilla boesenbergi Keyserling, 1893: 297, pl. 15, f. 220 (mf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058075].
Zilla x-notata McCook, 1894: 237, pl. 18, f. 1-2 (mf).
Zilla x-notata Becker, 1896: (2): 53, pl. 11, f. 1 (mf).
Zilla californica Banks, 1896b: 90 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058076].
Zilla x-notata Bösenberg, 1901: 45, pl. 3, f. 35 (mf).
Zilla x-notata Emerton, 1902: 185, f. 435 (m).
Zilla x-notata Smith, 1902: 297, unnumbered f. (mf).
Zilla x-notata chelata Franganillo, 1909: 189 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017188].
Zilla x-notata percechelata Franganillo, 1909: 189 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:017189].
Zilla x-notata Engelhardt, 1910: 42, f. 4 (f).
Zilla x-notata chelata Franganillo, 1910: 17, f. 7 (mf).
Zilla x-notata percechelata Franganillo, 1910: 17 (m).
Araneus x-notatus Lessert, 1910b: 340.
Araneus californicus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Araneus boesenbergi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 283.
Zilla gigans Franganillo, 1913: 128 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049072].
Pseudometa biologica Chamberlin, 1925d: 217 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058074].
Zygiella x-notata Simon, 1929: 663, 665, 754, f. 1018, 1028 (mf).
Zilla litterata Wiehle, 1931: 30, f. 33-37 (mf).
Zilla x-notata Comstock, 1940: 474, f. 471b, 472b (mf).
Zygiella boesenbergi Roewer, 1942a: 887.
Zygiella californica Roewer, 1942a: 887.
Zilla litterata Drensky, 1943: 228, f. 10 (mf).
Zygiella litterata Kaston, 1948: 243, f. 747, 767-769 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Chrysanthus, 1949b: 350, f. 1 (f).
Larinia maulliniana Mello-Leitão, 1951: 331, f. 5-6 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058080].
Zygiella x-notata Locket & Millidge, 1953: 159, f. 108A, C, 109B (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Gertsch, 1964a: 12, f. 15-17 (mf, S of Zygiella californica).
Zygiella x-notata Mackie, 1967: 439, f. 1-2, 4-5 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Tystshenko, 1971: 191, f. 557 (f).
Zygiella x-notata Miller, 1971: 204, pl. XXXVII, f. 15 (f).
Zygiella x-notata Loksa, 1972: 107, f. 97D-F (mf).
Enoplognatha gigans Levi, 1974a: 271 (T from Zilla, nomen dubium).
Zygiella x-notata Levi, 1974a: 276, f. 21-31, 57-58 (mf, S of Larinia maulliniana, Zygiella boesenbergi and Z. calophylla).
Zygiella x-notata Levi, 1980a: 16 (S of Pseudometa biologica).
Zygiella x-notata Roberts, 1985: 220, f. 99c (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 66, f. 143 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Roberts, 1995: 334, f. (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Hormiga, Eberhard & Coddington, 1995: 323, f. 5C-D (m).
Zygiella x-notata Agnarsson, 1996: 66, f. 54A-C (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Bellmann, 1997: 100, f. (f).
Zygiella x-notata Roberts, 1998: 346, f. (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Méndez, 1998: 145 (S).
Zygiella x-notata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 229, f. 130D-E (m).
Zilla gigas Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: 211 (lapsus, does not belong to Enoplognatha).
Zygiella x-notata Levi, 2001: 473, f. 124-131 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Levi, 2002: 545, f. 171-174, 215 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Dondale et al., 2003: 300, f. 704-710 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Tanikawa, 2004c: 61, f. 1-4 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Almquist, 2005: 181, f. 186a-f (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Tanikawa, 2007c: 55, f. 81-82, 481-482 (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Türkes & Mergen, 2008: 300, f. 4 (f).
Zygiella x-notata Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 852, f. 139F (m).
Zygiella x-notata Breitling et al., 2016b: 56 (S of Zygiella x-notata chelata and Zygiella x-notata parcechelata).
Zygiella x-notata Breitling et al., 2016b: 57 (S of Zygiella gigans confirmed).
Zygiella x-notata Cazanove, 2017: 23, 2-4 (f).
Zygiella x-notata Kallal & Hormiga, 2018b: 1133, f. 45A-I (mf).
Zygiella x-notata Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 158, f. 12E (m).
Zygiella x-notata Taucare-Ríos & Zapata-Quinteros, 2022: 683, f. 2a-b (f).
Zygiella x-notata Morano, 2023: 104, f. 119-122 (mf).
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