Family: Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0054] Detail
In synonymy:
Cylphosa Chamberlin, 1939 = Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4)
Drassus Walckenaer, 1805 = Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 (Simon, 1893a: 383)
Oreognaphosa Lohmander, 1944 = Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 (Lohmander, 1944: 12, as subgenus)
Pterochroa Benoit, 1977 = Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 (Murphy, 2007: 8)
Pythonissa C. L. Koch, 1837 = Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 (Simon, 1893a: 383)
Gen. Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02428] Detail
type Aranea lucifuga Walckenaer, 1802; gender feminine
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Drassus Walckenaer, 1805: 45  [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05568] (type Aranea lucifuga Walckenaer, 1802) and of Pythonissa C. L. Koch, 1837b: 16 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05567] (type P. nigra C. L. Koch, 1837 = Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) by Simon, 1893a: 383 (who also fixed the types for both genera); for the name Drassus see also the discussion by Simon, 1893a: 340; considered a senior synonym of Cylphosa Chamberlin, 1933a: 2 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05566] (type Gnaphosa gosoga Chamberlin, 1928  = Gnaphosa californica Banks, 1904) by Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4 and of Pterochroa Benoit, 1977c: 52 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02466] (type Gnaphosa funerea Dalmas, 1921) by Murphy, 2007: x, 8; erroneously considered a senior synonym of Drassina Grube, 1861 by Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 205, see Tegenaria; Oreognaphosa Lohmander, 1944: 11  [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:06022] (type Pythonissa leporina L. Koch, 1866) was described as subgenus of Gnaphosa.
Transferred to other genera:
Gnaphosa canaricola Strand, 1911 -- see Scotognapha
Gnaphosa cinereoplumosa (Simon, 1878) -- see Berlandina
Gnaphosa lindbergi Roewer, 1961 -- see Fedotovia
Gnaphosa passerina (Simon, 1884) -- see Berlandina
Gnaphosa rhodopis L. Koch, 1875 -- see Berlandina
Gnaphosa rufa Denis, 1958 -- see Sosticus
Gnaphosa scutata (Mello-Leitão, 1939) -- see Urozelotes
In synonymy:
Gnaphosa acuaria Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 (Song, 1987: 338, sub G. denisi).
Gnaphosa adriatica Kulczyński, 1897 = Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 9).
Gnaphosa adspersa (Grube, 1861, T from Pterotricha) = Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 35).
Gnaphosa aeditua Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 (Song, 1987: 339, sub G. denisi).
Gnaphosa ajdahania Roewer, 1961 = Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 16).
Gnaphosa alberti Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 34).
Gnaphosa annamita Simon, 1908 = Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37).
Gnaphosa auriceps Schenkel, 1953 = Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa baotianmanensis Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991 = Gnaphosa hastata Fox, 1937 (Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 99).
Gnaphosa barroisi Simon, 1892 = Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 9, but see Levy, 1995: 977).
Gnaphosa berlandi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa bilineata L. Koch, 1879 = Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939 (Holm, 1973: 103, who suppressed the older name for lack of use).
Gnaphosa bonneti Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 71).
Gnaphosa braendegaardi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa chaffanjoni Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa charitonowi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa corifera Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa davidi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37).
Gnaphosa denisi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 53).
Gnaphosa distincta Banks, 1898 = Gnaphosa fontinalis Keyserling, 1887 (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 54, contra Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4).
Gnaphosa diversa (Blackwall, 1871, T from Drassodes) = Gnaphosa sericata (L. Koch, 1866) (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4, but see Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7).
Gnaphosa falculata Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 34).
Gnaphosa gigantea Keyserling, 1887 = Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866) (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4, after Gertsch, 1935a: 28).
Gnaphosa glandifera Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 45).
Gnaphosa gosoga Chamberlin, 1928 = Gnaphosa californica Banks, 1904 (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 57).
Gnaphosa holmi Tullgren, 1942 (N.B.: identical replacement name provided by Lohmander, 1942: 47) = Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922 (Holm, 1950: 129).
Gnaphosa holmi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 45).
Gnaphosa hortula Roewer, 1955 = Gnaphosa hastata Fox, 1937 (Roewer, 1955c: 363, apparently an erroneous second listing of G. hastata).
Gnaphosa inconspicua (Bryant, 1948, T from Poecilochroa) = Gnaphosa sericata (L. Koch, 1866) (Platnick & Shadab, 1981e: 7).
Gnaphosa intermedia Holm, 1939 = Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908 (Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 209).
Gnaphosa koreae Strand, 1907 = Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 71).
Gnaphosa kratochvili Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 (Song, 1987: 339).
Gnaphosa labradorensis Fox, 1938 = Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922 (Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4).
Gnaphosa laeta Kulczyński, 1897 = Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897 (Řezáč et al., 2018a: 291).
Gnaphosa lapponum inermis Strand, 1899 = Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) (Nentwig et al., 2019: 39).
Gnaphosa lesserti Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa similis Kulczyński, 1926 (Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 27, contra Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 42, who considered it as S of G. muscorum).
Gnaphosa luctifica Simon, 1880 = Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 (Déjean, 2015c: 81).
Gnaphosa martae Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 71).
Gnaphosa mima Chamberlin, 1933 = Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908 (Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 207).
Gnaphosa molesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) (Danflous, Crowther & Simmons, 2020: 8).
Gnaphosa monteserra Wunderlich, 2015 = Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011 (Wunderlich, 2017b: 314).
Gnaphosa mulaiki Chamberlin, 1936 = Gnaphosa clara (Keyserling, 1887) (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 12).
Gnaphosa nigra Kulczyński, 1926 = Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 81).
Gnaphosa orchymonti Giltay, 1932 = Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 (Bosmans, 2013: 182).
Gnaphosa peon Chamberlin, 1925 = Gnaphosa sericata (L. Koch, 1866) (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 61).
Gnaphosa plebeja Thorell, 1875 = Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) (Roewer, 1955c: 361).
Gnaphosa proxima Kulczyński, 1908 = Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 49).
Gnaphosa pseudolapponica Strand, 1904 = Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) (Aakra, 2009: 18).
Gnaphosa pseudomongolica Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 49, contra Hu & Wu, 1989: 271).
Gnaphosa punctata Kulczyński, 1901 = Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 (Loksa, 1965: 23, sub G. spinosa).
Gnaphosa roeweri Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 34).
Gnaphosa rudolfi Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 12).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Schenkel, 1963 = Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 71).
Gnaphosa septentrionalis Fox, 1938 = Gnaphosa clara (Keyserling, 1887) (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 12).
Gnaphosa silvicola Kamura, 1988 = Gnaphosa potanini Simon, 1895 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 32).
Gnaphosa soror Herman, 1879 = Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 20).
Gnaphosa spadicea Simon, 1914 = Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 9).
Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczyński, 1897 = Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46).
Gnaphosa stuxbergi Holm, 1970 = Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922 (Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 208).
Gnaphosa subparvula Fox, 1938 = Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908 (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 39, sub G. mima).
Gnaphosa suchuana Chamberlin, 1924 = Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37).
Gnaphosa suspecta Herman, 1879 = Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 31).
Gnaphosa taegensis Paik, 1989 = Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 53).
Gnaphosa tarimuensis Hu, 1989 = Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901 (Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 49).
Gnaphosa texana Chamberlin, 1922 = Gnaphosa fontinalis Keyserling, 1887 (Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 54).
Gnaphosa turkmenica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 = Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 (Kovblyuk, 2005a: 136).
Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini Fomichev, Marusik & Omelko, 2013 = Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Marusik, 1993 (Fomichev & Marusik, 2017b: 78).
Homonyms replaced:
Gnaphosa caucasica Mcheidze, 1997 -- see Gnaphosa mcheidzeae
Gnaphosa punctata Tullgren, 1942 -- see Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi
Gnaphosa zonsteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017 -- see Gnaphosa serzonshteini (see Fomichev & Marusik, 2017c)
Nomina dubia:
Gnaphosa abnormis Banks, 1898b: 222, pl. 13, f. 15 (f, Mexico) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7.
Gnaphosa bicolor (Hentz, 1847: 456, pl. 24, f. 4, f, USA, originally in Herpyllus) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7.
Gnaphosa crassipes Schenkel, 1936b: 262 (j, Mongolia) -- Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 4.
Gnaphosa decepta Banks, 1898b: 221, pl. 13, f. 14 (f, Mexico) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7.
Gnaphosa expilator Drensky, 1929: 12, 64, pl. 1, f. 10-11 (j, Balkans) -- Deltshev, 2003: 143.
Gnaphosa fumosa (C. L. Koch, 1843: 118, pl. 356, f. 832, f, Germany, originally in Pythonissa) -- Grimm, 1985: 287.
Gnaphosa humilis Banks, 1892a: 19, pl. 1, f. 9 (f, USA) -- Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7.
Gnaphosa immatura Strand, 1942: 396 (j, Britain; replacement name for G. suspecta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879e: 191, preoccupied by Herman, 1879, see Gnaphosa moesta) -- Bristowe, 1941: 529.
Gnaphosa multispinosa Schenkel, 1936b: 261 (j, Mongolia) -- Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 4.
Gnaphosa nana (C. L. Koch, 1843: 119, pl. 356, f. 833, f, Germany, originally in Pythonissa) -- Grimm, 1985: 287.
Gnaphosa nigella L. Koch, 1878b: 39, pl. 1, f. 1 (f, Armenia) -- Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 4.
Gnaphosa subrufula Strand, 1907m: 396 (j, Russia/Europe) -- Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 4.
Gnaphosa thorelli (Lebert, 1877: 236, mf, Switzerland, originally in Pythonissa) -- Grimm, 1985: 287.
Gnaphosa aborigena Tystshenko, 1965 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027187]
Gnaphosa aborigena Tystshenko, 1965: 697, f. 2 (Df).
Gnaphosa aborigena Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 84, f. 246, 301-304 (f, Dm; N.B.: m of Ponomarev, 1981 =G. dolosa).
Gnaphosa akagiensis Hayashi, 1994 | m f | Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027188]
Gnaphosa akagiensis Hayashi, 1994b: 156, f. 1-6 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa akagiensis Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 53-56 (mf).
Gnaphosa akagiensis Suzuki, 2019e: 106, f. 1-5 (mf).
Gnaphosa aksuensis Fomichev, 2019 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051543]
Gnaphosa aksuensis Fomichev, 2019: 570, f. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878 | m f | Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Croatia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027189]
Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878a: 191 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa kulczynskii Damin, 1896: 343 (Df).
Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1914: 194, 202, 225, f. 421, 449 (mf).
Gnaphosa alacris Denis, 1936: 114, f. 6 (f).
Gnaphosa alacris Di Franco, 1992: 216, f. 1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa alacris Pesarini, 2000: 383, f. 12-13 (mf).
Gnaphosa alacris Kovblyuk, 2005a: 137, f. 14-17 (mf).
Gnaphosa alacris Gaymard & Lecigne, 2018: 12, f. 16D-G (f).
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878 | m f | Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027190]
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878a: 183 (Df).
Gnaphosa alpica Lessert, 1910b: 79, f. 66 (f).
Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1914: 203, 224, f. 452 (f, S of G. molesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898; rejected by Danflous, Crowther & Simmons, 2020: 8, see Gnaphosa badia).
Gnaphosa alpica Grimm, 1985: 49, f. 77-78 (f).
Gnaphosa alpica Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 426, f. 1122 (f).
Gnaphosa alpica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 61, f. 223-224 (f, m = G. modestior per Řezáč et al., 2018: 289; S of G. laeta, rejected by Řezáč et al., 2018: 291).
Gnaphosa alpica Řezáč et al., 2018a: 289, f. 1A,D,G, 2A-B,E-F (Dmf).
Gnaphosa altudona Chamberlin, 1922 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027191]
Gnaphosa altudona Chamberlin, 1922: 167 (Df).
Gnaphosa altudona Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 30, f. 59-64 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa altudona Breene et al., 1993: 88, f. 108A-B (mf).
Gnaphosa antipola Chamberlin, 1933 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027192]
Gnaphosa antipola Chamberlin, 1933a: 4, f. 5-7 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa antipola Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 52, f. 117-122 (mf).
Gnaphosa antipola Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 172, f. 260-263 (mf).
Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011 | m f | Portugal, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043972]
Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011: 53, f. 146-147 (Dm).
Gnaphosa monteserra Wunderlich, 2015b: 447, f. 1-3 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047735].
Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2017b: 314, f. 24-27 (Df, S of Gnaphosa monteserra).
Gnaphosa artaensis Lozano & Alameda-Martín, 2020: 174, f. 2 (f).
Gnaphosa artaensis Morano & González-Casarrubios, 2021: 111, f. 1A-B, 2A-B, 3A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2023: 59, f. 128 (m).
Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878 | m f | France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027193]
Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878a: 169 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1914: 196, 202, 223, f. 424-426, 448 (mf).
Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 | m f | Azerbaijan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039000]
Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003b: 277, f. 1-2 (Df; m is reversed with G. tigrina per Zamani et al., 2021b: 283).
Gnaphosa tigrina Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003b: 277, f. 3-4 (m only; reversed with G. azerbaidzhanica per Zamani et al., 2021b: 283).
Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | Europe to Azerbaijan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027194]
Pythonissa badia L. Koch, 1866: 22, pl. 1, f. 15 (Df).
Gnaphosa badia L. Koch, 1872b: 305 (Dm).
Gnaphosa plebeja Thorell, 1875a: 100 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:052349].
Gnaphosa plebeja Thorell, 1875c: 100 (Df).
Gnaphosa badia Kulczyński, 1898: 61, pl. 1, f. 13 (f).
Gnaphosa molesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898c: 489, f. 1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055935].
Gnaphosa badia Lessert, 1910b: 76, f. 67-68 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Simon, 1914: 194, 198, 224, f. 422, 436 (mf, S of Gnaphosa plebeja with "?").
Gnaphosa badia Reimoser, 1937a: 10, f. 10, 14 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Roewer, 1955c: 361 (S of Gnaphosa plebeja confirmed).
Gnaphosa badia Buchar, 1962: 4, f. 1A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Tystshenko, 1971: 92, f. 180 (m).
Gnaphosa badia Miller, 1971: 78, pl. LXI, f. 14-15 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Izmailova, 1977: 70, f. 1 (f).
Gnaphosa badia Polenec, 1982: 65, f. 5 (m).
Gnaphosa badia Grimm, 1985: 49, f. 29-33 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Izmailova, 1989: 101, f. 81 (f).
Gnaphosa badia Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1118 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 66, f. 233-236 (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Lecigne, 2018b: 67, f. 6L (f).
Gnaphosa badia Hirna, 2019: 55, f. 2a-c (mf).
Gnaphosa badia Danflous, Crowther & Simmons, 2020: 8, f. 2, 3A-D (f, S of Gnaphosa molesta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, removed from S of G. alpica, contra Simon, 1914: 203).
Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942 | f | Spain (Balearic Is.)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027195]
Gnaphosa spinosa Simon, 1914: 200 (Df; preoccupied).
Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942: 395 (replacement name).
Gnaphosa banini Marusik & Koponen, 2001 | m f | Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038057]
Gnaphosa banini Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 135, f. 1-3, 9-10 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa banini Fomichev & Marusik, 2011b: 119, f. 9-13 (mf).
Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882 | f | Italy     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027197]
Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882a: 37 (Df).
Gnaphosa belyaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | f | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027198]
Gnaphosa belyaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 39, f. 137-138 (Df).
Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027199]
Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 5, f. 11-14 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa betpaki Kovblyuk, 2005a: 134, f. 6-7 (f; probably misidentified, restricted to Kazakhstan per Esyunin & Tuneva, 2020: 111).
Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833) | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to West Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027200]
Drassus bicolor Hahn, 1833a: 123, f. 94 (Df).
Filistata femoralis Wider, 1834: 201, pl. 14, f. 5 (Dm).
Pythonissa fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1837b: 16 (D).
Pythonissa tricolor C. L. Koch, 1839a: 67, f. 479 (Df).
Drassus tricolor Walckenaer, 1841: 486.
Pythonissa fuliginea C. L. Koch, 1843: 120, f. 834 (Df).
Pythonissa bicolor C. L. Koch, 1850: 28.
Drassus femoralis Westring, 1851: 47.
Pythonissa femoralis Westring, 1861: 352.
Pythonissa tricolor L. Koch, 1866: 24, pl. 1, f. 16-18 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa bicolor Thorell, 1871a: 191.
Gnaphosa bicolor Menge, 1872: 301, pl. 54, f. 173 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 184, pl. 7, f. 17 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Bösenberg, 1902: 316, pl. 30, f. 468 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Simon, 1914: 192, 198, 224, f. 413, 435 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Reimoser, 1937a: 9, f. 8, 13 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Palmgren, 1943: 86, f.
Gnaphosa bicolor Tullgren, 1946: 83, f. 25, 26A, pl. 13, f. 166-169 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Tystshenko, 1971: 92, f. 179 (m).
Gnaphosa bicolor Miller, 1971: 80, pl. VI, f. 1-2 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Grimm, 1985: 52, f. 34-36 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 420, f. 1107 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 61, f. 217-220 (mf).
Gnaphosa bicolor Mcheidze, 1997: 112, f. 135 (m).
Gnaphosa bicolor Almquist, 2006: 396, f. 341a-f (mf).
Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903 | m f | Greece (Crete), Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027201]
Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903b: 641, pl. 1, f. 6-7, 9-10 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa rufula Levy, 1995: 977, f. 143-144 (f) [misidentified per Zamani et al., 2017c: 61].
Gnaphosa bithynica Chatzaki, Thaler & Mylonas, 2002a: 582, f. 39-42 (mf).
Gnaphosa bithynica Zamani et al., 2017c: 61, f. 2C (f).
Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908 | m f | Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), North America     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027202]
Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908b: 9, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df).
Gnaphosa mima Chamberlin, 1933a: 2, f. 3-4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055934].
Gnaphosa subparvula Fox, 1938a: 230, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055950].
Gnaphosa borea Holm, 1970: 206, f. 39 (f).
Gnaphosa mima Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 38, f. 87-93 (mf, S of Gnaphosa subparvula).
Gnaphosa orites Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 46, f. 109-110 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa borea Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 207, f. 7-11 (mf, S of Gnaphosa mima).
Gnaphosa borea Izmailova, 1989: 101, f. 82 (f).
Gnaphosa borea Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 181, f. 276-279 (mf).
Gnaphosa borea Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 57, f. 187-188, 195-198 (mf).
Gnaphosa borea Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 115, pl. 1, f. 4, pl. 3, f. 5, 15 (mf).
Gnaphosa borea Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 135, f. 8 (m).
Gnaphosa borea Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 76, f. 655-657 (mf).
Gnaphosa brumalis Thorell, 1875 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027203]
Gnaphosa brumalis Thorell, 1875d: 497 (Df).
Gnaphosa scudderi Thorell, 1877c: 491 (Df).
Gnaphosa brumalis Emerton, 1890: 175, pl. 4, f. 5 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa brumalis Chamberlin, 1933a: 3, f. 1-2 (m).
Gnaphosa brumalis Kaston, 1948: 346, f. 1156-1157, 1185 (mf).
Gnaphosa brumalis Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 41, f. 94-100 (mf).
Gnaphosa brumalis Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 184, f. 280-283 (mf).
Gnaphosa brumalis Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 76, f. 658-660 (mf).
Gnaphosa californica Banks, 1904 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027204]
Gnaphosa californica Banks, 1904b: 335, pl. 38, f. 10 (Df).
Gnaphosa gosoga Chamberlin, in Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1928: 178 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055923].
Cylphosa gosoga Chamberlin, 1933a: 2.
Gnaphosa californica Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 57, f. 85-86, 135-138 (mf, S of Gnaphosa gosoga).
Gnaphosa californica Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 166, f. 248-251 (mf).
Gnaphosa californica Azevedo, Griswold & Santos, 2018b: 607, f. 12c, 20d, 21d, S1e, S7d, S10g (m).
Gnaphosa campanulata Zhang & Song, 2001 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039001]
Gnaphosa campanulata Zhang & Song, 2001a: 78, f. 1A-D (Df).
Gnaphosa campanulata Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 93, f. 50A-D (f).
Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914 | m f | Spain, France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027205]
Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914: 197, 203, f. 454 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Russia (Caucasus)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027206]
Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 26, f. 83-86 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa chiapas Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027207]
Gnaphosa chiapas Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 32, f. 77-78 (Df).
Gnaphosa chihuahua Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027208]
Gnaphosa chihuahua Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 28, f. 75-76 (Df).
Gnaphosa chola Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988 | m f | Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027209]
Gnaphosa chola Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 209, f. 18-19, 21, 23, 25 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa chola Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 58, f. 199-202 (mf).
Gnaphosa chola Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 118, pl. 3, f. 2, 6, 10 (mf).
Gnaphosa chola Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001a: 16, f. 4-6 (f).
Gnaphosa chola Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 138, f. 6-7 (m).
Gnaphosa chola Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 94, f. 51A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa clara (Keyserling, 1887) | m f | North America     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027210]
Pythonissa clara Keyserling, 1887b: 429, pl. 6, f. 6 (Dm).
Callilepis clara Petrunkevitch, 1911: 776.
Gnaphosa mulaiki Chamberlin, 1936b: 6, f. 24 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055936].
Gnaphosa septentrionalis Fox, 1938a: 228, pl. 1, f. 2, 8 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055944].
Gnaphosa clara Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 3 (T from Pterotricha per Roewer).
Gnaphosa clara Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 12, f. 11-16 (mf, S of Gnaphosa mulaiki and G. septentrionalis).
Gnaphosa clara Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 168, f. 252-255 (mf).
Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914 | f | France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027211]
Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914: 199, 225, f. 438 (Df).
Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981 | m f | Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027212]
Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981: 57, f. 3 (Df).
Gnaphosa cumensis Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 10, f. 9-10, 23-26 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa cumensis Kovblyuk, 2005a: 139, f. 18-28 (mf).
Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, Bragina & Shmatko, 2017: 5, f. 2-3 (m).
Gnaphosa cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949) | f | Libya     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027213]
Pterotricha cyrenaica Caporiacco, 1949b: 118, f. 4 (Df).
Gnaphosa cyrenaica Levy, 1995: 945 (Tf from Pterotricha).
Gnaphosa danieli Miller & Buchar, 1972 | m f | Afghanistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027214]
Gnaphosa danieli Miller & Buchar, 1972: 383, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa dege Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | f | Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, India, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027215]
Gnaphosa dege Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 72, f. 259-260 (Df).
Gnaphosa dege Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 448, f. 261B (f).
Gnaphosa dege Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 95, f. 52A-B (f).
Gnaphosa dege Marusik et al., 2014b: 418, f. 9-11 (f).
Gnaphosa dentata Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027216]
Gnaphosa dentata Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 18, f. 35-40 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011 | m | Russia (Europe)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044626]
Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, in Ponomarev et al., 2011: 126, f. 1a-b (Dm).
Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018 | m f | South-eastern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049905]
Gnaphosa modestior Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 63, f. 213-214, 225-228 (f, Dm) [misidentified per Řezáč et al., 2018: 291].
Gnaphosa modestior Komnenov et al., 2016: 48, f. 123-127 (mf) [misidentified per Řezáč et al., 2018: 291].
Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč et al., 2018a: 290, f. 1B,E,H, 2C,G (Dmf).
Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 | m f | Poland, Southern to Eastern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027217]
Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879: 191, 362, pl. 7, f. 167 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa luctifica Simon, 1880j: 259 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027247].
Gnaphosa barroisi Simon, 1892b: 81 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055812].
Gnaphosa dolosa Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 186, pl. 7, f. 24 (f).
Gnaphosa adriatica Kulczyński, in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 186, pl. 7, f. 26 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055805].
Gnaphosa barroisi Kulczyński, 1908c: 53, pl. 2, f. 8 (Dm).
Gnaphosa spadicea Simon, 1914: 193, 223, f. 416 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055947].
Gnaphosa luctifica Simon, 1914: 199, 255, f. 441 (f).
Gnaphosa orchymonti Giltay, 1932: 31, f. 20-21 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027267].
Gnaphosa orchymonti Giltay, 1933: 7, pl. 4, f. 2-3 (mf).
Gnaphosa spadicea Soyer, 1964: 355, f. 1a-b (Df).
Gnaphosa aborigena Ponomarev, 1981: 55, f. 1 (m, misidentified).
Gnaphosa dolosa Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 9, f. 7-8, 19-22 (mf, S of Gnaphosa adriatica, G. barroisi and G. spadicea).
Gnaphosa barroisi Levy, 1995: 977, f. 139-142 (mf; N.B.: rejected S of this name with G. dolosa, but provided no illustrations of the latter to document that decision).
Gnaphosa dolosa Esyunin & Efimik, 1997: 107, f. 8-9 (f).
Gnaphosa dolosa Chatzaki, Thaler & Mylonas, 2002b: 611, f. 17-18 (f).
Gnaphosa dolosa Kovblyuk, 2005a: 151 (S, not accepted, see note under G. saurica).
Gnaphosa dolosa Bosmans, 2013: 182 (S of Gnaphosa orchymonti).
Gnaphosa dolosa Déjean, 2015c: 81, f. 4 (f, S of Gnaphosa luctifica).
Gnaphosa dolosa Gaymard & Lecigne, 2018: 12, f. 8G-J (mf).
Gnaphosa dolosa Al-Khazali & Hussein, 2019: 162, f. 1A-E, 2A-D (m).
Gnaphosa dolosa Dentici, 2019: 118, f. 5 (m).
Gnaphosa dolosa Iorio, 2023: 26, f. 10-11 (f).
Gnaphosa dolosa Gierlasiński, 2023: 2, f. 1 (f).
Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015 | m f | Russia (Europe)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:048469]
Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015: 259, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa eskovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027218]
Gnaphosa eskovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 83, f. 291-292 (Df).
Gnaphosa esyunini Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014 | m f | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047305]
Gnaphosa esyunini Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014b: 4, f. 7-16 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa eucalyptus Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 | m f | Pakistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040606]
Gnaphosa eucalyptus Ghafoor & Beg, 2002b: 528, f. 1A-D (Dmf).
Gnaphosa fagei Schenkel, 1963 | m f | Kazakhstan, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027220]
Gnaphosa fagei Schenkel, 1963: 82, f. 46 (Df).
Gnaphosa fagei Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 12, f. 33-34, 37-40 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa fagei Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 448, f. 260O, 261C (mf).
Gnaphosa fagei Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 96, f. 53A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879 | f | Hungary     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027221]
Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879: 196, 364, pl. 8, f. 173 (Df).
Gnaphosa fontinalis Keyserling, 1887 | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027222]
Gnaphosa fontinalis Keyserling, 1887b: 426, pl. 6, f. 4 (Df).
Gnaphosa americana Banks, 1896e: 61 (Df).
Gnaphosa distincta Banks, 1898b: 222, pl. 13, f. 13 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055918].
Gnaphosa texana Chamberlin, 1922: 157 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055955].
Gnaphosa fontinalis Kaston, 1938c: 180, pl. 8, f. 15-17 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa fontinalis Kaston, 1948: 345, f. 1178-1180 (mf).
Gnaphosa fontinalis Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 54, f. 127-134, 150 (mf, S of Gnaphosa distincta and G. texana).
Gnaphosa fontinalis Heiss & Allen, 1986: 13, f. 23-24 (mf).
Gnaphosa fontinalis Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 163, f. 244-247 (mf).
Gnaphosa funerea (Dalmas, 1921) | m f | St. Helena     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027775]
Gnaphosa lugubris O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873e: 212, pl. 24, f. 2 (Dm; preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1839, see Gnaphosa lugubris).
Gnaphosa funerea Dalmas, 1921: 326 (replacement name).
Pterochroa funerea Benoit, 1977c: 52, f. 18a-f (m, Df, T from Gnaphosa; see also Grimm, 1985: 206, 288 and Thaler & Knoflach, 2004b: 462: m f. 18b-c is misidentified and belongs to Gnaphosa lugubris).
Zelotes lugubris Grimm, 1985: 206, f. 251 (m; here per Grimm, 1985: 288 and Thaler & Knoflach, 2004b : 462).
Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901 | m f | Russia (Middle and South Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027223]
Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901b: 325, pl. 12, f. 2 (Df).
Gnaphosa proxima Kulczyński, 1908b: 9, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055939].
Gnaphosa pseudomongolica Schenkel, 1963: 79, f. 44 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055940].
Gnaphosa proxima Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 208, f. 15 (f).
Gnaphosa proxima Izmailova, 1989: 104, f. 86 (f).
Gnaphosa tarimuensis Hu, 1989: 98, f. 1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055954].
Gnaphosa tarimuensis Hu & Wu, 1989: 272, f. 221.1-2 (f).
Gnaphosa gracilior Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 49, f. 169-170, 173-176 (f, Dm, S of Gnaphosa proxima, G. pseudomongolica and G. tarimuensis; N.B.: f. 170 and 175 may be misidentified, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 29).
Gnaphosa potanini Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 186, f. 37 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa gracilior Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 188, f. 40-46 (mf).
Gnaphosa proxima Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 189, f. 47-50 (mf).
Gnaphosa proxima Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 117, pl. 3, f. 16 (f).
Gnaphosa gracilior Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 448, f. 260P, 261D (mf).
Gnaphosa tarimuensis Hu, 2001: 253, f. 142.1-2 (mf).
Gnaphosa gracilior Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 97, f. 54A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa gracilior Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 29, f. 79-89, 90 (mf).
Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958 | m f | Russia (Caucasus), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027224]
Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958b: 94, f. 17-20 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa ajdahania Roewer, 1961c: 5, f. 4-5, 60 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055808].
Gnaphosa haarlovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 16, f. 45-48 (mf, S of Gnaphosa ajdahania).
Gnaphosa haarlovi Ponomarev & Shmatko, 2020b: 304, f. 21 (m).
Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997 | f | Russia (Urals)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027225]
Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997: 105, f. 1-2 (Df).
Gnaphosa hastata Fox, 1937 | m f | China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027226]
Gnaphosa hastata Fox, 1937a: 247, f. 1 (Df).
Gnaphosa hortula Roewer, 1955c: 363 (nomen nudum, apparently an erroneous second listing of G. hastata) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054734].
Gnaphosa koreae Paik, 1989: 9, f. 30-41 (mf, misidentified).
Gnaphosa baotianmanensis Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991: 45, f. 22-23 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027196].
Gnaphosa hastata Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 73, f. 263-266 (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 260Q, 261E (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Namkung, 2002: 473, f. 37.14a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Namkung, 2003: 476, f. 37.14a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 99, f. 55A-D (mf, S of Gnaphosa baotianmanensis).
Gnaphosa hastata Jung et al., 2005: 177, f. 59, 117 (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 390, f. 278A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Yin et al., 2012: 1167, f. 621a-g (mf).
Gnaphosa hastata Kim & Lee, 2013: 102, f. 69A-E (mf).
Gnaphosa hirsutipes Banks, 1901 | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027227]
Gnaphosa hirsutipes Banks, 1901b: 573, pl. 33, f. 4 (Df).
Gnaphosa hirsutipes Fox, 1938a: 228, pl. 1, f. 9 (Dm).
Gnaphosa hirsutipes Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 13, f. 17-22 (mf).
Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878 | m f | Spain     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027228]
Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878a: 176 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1914: 194, 201, 224, f. 418-420, 444 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Emerit & Ledoux, 2004a: 17, f. 4A-D (mf, proposed S of G. iberica under this name, without examination of type material).
Gnaphosa ilika Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027229]
Gnaphosa ilika Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 82, f. 287-288, 297-300 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa ilika Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 139, f. 11-13 (m).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878 | m f | Western and Central Europe, Italy, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027230]
Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878a: 187 (Dm).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1914: 196, 202, 225, f. 427-428, 447 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa sp. Grimm, 1985: 83, f. 47a-b (m, per Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 30).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 30, f. 99-102 (mf).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 188, f. 63-64 (f).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 260R, 261F (mf).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Breuss, 2001: 187, f. 10-13 (mf).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 100, f. 56A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Seo, 2017c: 193, f. 3A-F (f).
Gnaphosa inconspecta Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 227, f. 166A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 | m f | India, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027231]
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977b: 45, f. 2A-E (Df).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Tikader, 1982b: 338, f. 99-104 (f).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Hu & Li, 1987a: 359, f. 29.1-3 (f).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Hu, 2001: 248, f. 138.3 (f).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Gajbe, 2005d: 116, f. 1-2 (Dm).
Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Gajbe, 2007: 458, f. 77-83 (mf).
Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875 | m f | Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027232]
Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875a: 85 (Df).
Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875c: 104 (Df).
Pythonissa jucunda Simon, 1878a: 205.
Pterotricha jucunda Roewer, 1955c: 375.
Gnaphosa jucunda Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 19, f. 55-56 (Tf from Pterotricha).
Gnaphosa jucunda Ponomarev & Kovblyuk, 2009a: 8, f. 19-22 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa kailana Tikader, 1966 | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027233]
Gnaphosa kailana Tikader, 1966e: 438, f. 1a-d (Df).
Gnaphosa kailana Tikader, 1982b: 330, f. 79-82.
Gnaphosa kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027234]
Gnaphosa alberti Kamura, 1988: 7, f. 14-19 (f, Dm, misidentified).
Gnaphosa kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 33, f. 115-118 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa kamurai Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 57-60 (mf).
Gnaphosa kamurai Yoo, Lee & Kim, 2015: 66, f. 2A-E (f).
Gnaphosa kamurai Baba & Fujimoto, 2018: 20, 2 f. (f).
Gnaphosa kankhalae Biswas & Roy, 2008 | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042443]
Gnaphosa kankhalae Biswas & Roy, 2008: 53, f. 3-15 (Df).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 | m f | Russia (Far East), China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027235]
Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936b: 26, f. 6 (Df).
Gnaphosa alberti Schenkel, 1963: 86, f. 49 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055809].
Gnaphosa falculata Schenkel, 1963: 92, f. 53a-c (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055920].
Gnaphosa roeweri Schenkel, 1963: 94, f. 54a-c (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055941].
Gnaphosa roeweri Tu & Zhu, 1986: 91, f. 16-19 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Zhang, 1987: 177, f. 149.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
Gnaphosa alberti Paik, 1989: 6, f. 14-18 (f).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Paik, 1989: 4, f. 2-4 (mf, misidentified).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Chen & Gao, 1990: 144, f. 182a-b (mf, misidentified).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 34, f. 119-124 (mf, S of Gnaphosa alberti, G. falculata and G. roeweri).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Tang & Song, 1992a: 248, f. 1-4 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 261H, J (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Namkung, 2002: 475, f. 37.16a-c (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Namkung, 2003: 478, f. 37.16a-c (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 102, f. 57A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Jung et al., 2005: 178, f. 60, 85, 118 (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 391, f. 279A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Kim & Lee, 2013: 103, f. 70A-C, pl. 29 (mf).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 21, f. 46-48 (f).
Gnaphosa kansuensis Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 227, f. 167A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa ketmer Tuneva, 2004 | f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040607]
Gnaphosa ketmer Tuneva, 2004: 320, f. 4-5 (Df).
Gnaphosa khovdensis Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014 | m | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047304]
Gnaphosa khovdensis Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014b: 2, f. 1-6 (Dm).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 | m f | Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027236]
Drassus adspersus Grube, 1861: 170 (Dmf; suppressed for lack of usage, see ICZN article 23.9 and Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055806].
Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 123, pl. 16, f. 481 (Df; N.B.: specific name was also spelled compirensis in original description, but kompirensis was selected by Kamura, 1988: 4, because it correctly refers to the type locality).
Gnaphosa aannamita Simon, 1909e: 78 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055810].
Pterotricha adspersa Reimoser, 1919: 199.
Gnaphosa suchuana Chamberlin, 1924a: 4, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055951].
Gnaphosa compirensis Saito, 1939: 5, f. 2(1) (f).
Gnaphosa compirensis Saito, 1959: 120, f. 150a-e (f).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Yaginuma, 1960: 122, f. 100.3 (f).
Gnaphosa davidi Schenkel, 1963: 87, f. 50 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055916].
Gnaphosa kompirensis Yaginuma, 1971: 122, f. 100.3 (f).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Paik, 1978e: 419, f. 189.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Hu, 1984: 279, f. 294.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Guo, 1985: 142, f. 2-76.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Yaginuma, 1986a: 187, f. 104.1 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Kamura, 1988: 4, f. 1-4, 7-13 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Paik, 1989: 4, f. 1, 5-13 (mf, not f. 2-4).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Chikuni, 1989b: 119, f. 9 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 35, f. 125-126, 129-132 (mf, S of Gnaphosa annamita, G. davidi, G. suchuana and Pterotricha adspersa, P. adspersa removed from S of Gnaphosa muscorum, rejecting Wesołowska, 1988b: 411).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 261H, J (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Namkung, 2002: 474, f. 37.15a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Namkung, 2003: 477, f. 37.15a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 103, f. 58A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Jung et al., 2005: 179, f. 17-18, 61, 86, 119-120 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 49-52 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 392, f. 280A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Yin et al., 2012: 1169, f. 622a-g (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Kim & Lee, 2013: 104, f. 71A-C, pl. 30 (mf).
Gnaphosa kompirensis Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 227, f. 168A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa koponeni Marusik & Omelko, 2014 | m f | Russia (South Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047306]
Gnaphosa koponeni Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 11, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa kuldzha Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027237]
Gnaphosa kuldzha Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 15, f. 35-36, 41-44 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa kurchak Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | f | Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027238]
Gnaphosa kurchak Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 40, f. 139-140 (Df).
Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027239]
Pythonissa lapponum L. Koch, 1866: 33, pl. 2, f. 22-25 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Thorell, 1871a: 193.
Gnaphosa islandica Sørensen, 1898: 222 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa lapponum inermis Strand, 1899: 49 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027240].
Gnaphosa pseudolapponica Strand, 1904a: 6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027282].
Gnaphosa islandica Lessert, 1913: 27, f. 1-3 (m).
Gnaphosa lapponum Schenkel, 1928: 18, f. 1 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Palmgren, 1943: 87, f.
Gnaphosa lapponum Tullgren, 1946: 82, f. 24B, pl. 13, f. 162-164 (mf).
Gnaphosa islandica Brændegaard, 1946: 54, f. 33-34 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Brændegaard, 1958: 6, f. 2 (f).
Gnaphosa lapponum Grimm, 1985: 55, f. 51, 68-69 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 424, f. 1121 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 27, f. 87-90 (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Agnarsson, 1996: 33, f. 12A-B (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Pesarini, 2000: 383, f. 14 (m).
Gnaphosa lapponum Emerit & Ledoux, 2004a: 17, f. 4A-D (mf, see note under G. iberica).
Gnaphosa lapponum Almquist, 2006: 397, f. 342a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Aakra, 2009: 18 (S of Gnaphosa pseudolapponica).
Gnaphosa lapponum Marusik, 2015: 674, f. 9B (f).
Gnaphosa lapponum Wiśniewski & Wesołowska, 2017: 118, f. 12 (m).
Gnaphosa lapponum Lecigne, 2018a: 51, pl. 5F-M (mf).
Gnaphosa lapponum Nentwig et al., 2019: 39 (S of Gnaphosa lapponum inermis).
Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Iran, Central Asia, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027241]
Drassus lucifugus Blackwall, 1861a: 105, pl. 6, f. 62 (mf, in part).
Pythonissa leporina L. Koch, 1866: 27, pl. 2, f. 19 (Df).
Pythonissa helvetica L. Koch, 1866: 29, pl. 2, f. 20 (Df).
Drassus anglicus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871a: 410, pl. 54, f. 12 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa leporina Thorell, 1871a: 193.
Gnaphosa leporina Thorell, 1875c: 101.
Gnaphosa borealis Thorell, 1875c: 102 (Dj).
Gnaphosa helvetica Simon, 1878a: 184.
Gnaphosa anglica Simon, 1878a: 188.
Gnaphosa leporina Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 186, pl. 7, f. 22 (f).
Gnaphosa anglica aculeata Strand, 1900c: 38 (D).
Gnaphosa leporina Lessert, 1910b: 81, f. 73-75 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Simon, 1914: 197, 203, 225, f. 431, 453 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Palmgren, 1943: 87, f.
Gnaphosa (Oreognaphosa) leporina Lohmander, 1944: 11 (new subgenus).
Gnaphosa leporina Tullgren, 1946: 86, f. 27A, pl. 14, f. 173-175 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Locket & Millidge, 1953: 118, f. 60C-D, 61C (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Brændegaard, 1966: 135, f. 115-116 (f).
Gnaphosa leporina Azheganova, 1968: 97, f. 229, 238 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Tystshenko, 1971: 94, f. 184, 189 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Grimm, 1985: 57, f. 40, 56-57, 75 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Roberts, 1985: 76, f. 28c (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Zhou & Song, 1985b: 271, f. 2a-d (f).
Gnaphosa leporina Hu & Wu, 1989: 268, f. 217.1-4 (f).
Gnaphosa leporina Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 420, f. 1109 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 66, f. 237-242 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Noordam, 1992: 1, 2, 14 (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Roberts, 1995: 117, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Roberts, 1998: 123, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 261K, 262A (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 105, f. 59A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa leporina Almquist, 2006: 398, f. 343a-h (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953 | m f | Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027242]
Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880b: 121, pl. 3, f. 22-23 (m, misidentified).
Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953b: 21, f. 11 (Df).
Gnaphosa denisi Schenkel, 1963: 64, f. 34a-c (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055917].
Gnaphosa acuaria Schenkel, 1963: 66, f. 35a-b (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055804].
Gnaphosa aeditua Schenkel, 1963: 67, f. 36 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055807].
Gnaphosa acuaria Mao & Zhu, 1983: 161, f. 3a-c (Df).
Gnaphosa denisi Hu, 1984: 279, f. 293.1-2 (mf).
Gnaphosa denisi Zhu & Shi, 1985: 150, f. 133a-c (f).
Gnaphosa denisi Song, 1987: 338, f. 293 (mf, S of Gnaphosa acuaria and G. aeditua).
Gnaphosa acuaria Zhang, 1987: 176, f. 148.1-3 (mf).
Gnaphosa denisi Hu & Li, 1987b: 301, f. 31.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Hu & Wu, 1989: 269, f. 219.1-4 (mf, misidentified).
Gnaphosa taegensis Paik, 1989: 11, f. 42-51 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055953].
Gnaphosa denisi Chen & Gao, 1990: 144, f. 181a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 53, f. 181-186 (mf, S of Gnaphosa denisi and G. taegensis).
Gnaphosa denisi Zhao, 1993: 122, f. 56a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Zhao, 1993: 124, f. 58a-b (mf; misidentified, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 20).
Gnaphosa denisi Zhao, 1995: 839, f. 392a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Zhao, 1995: 841, f. 394a-b (mf; misidentified per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 20).
Gnaphosa denisi Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 187, f. 81-82 (m).
Gnaphosa licenti Esyunin & Efimik, 1997: 107, f. 3-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 449, f. 261L, 262B (mf).
Gnaphosa denisi Hu, 2001: 246, f. 137.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 343, f. 221A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 106, f. 60A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Jung et al., 2005: 179, f. 19, 121-122 (m).
Gnaphosa licenti Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 393, f. 281A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Yin et al., 2012: 1170, f. 623a-f (mf).
Gnaphosa licenti Kim & Lee, 2013: 106, f. 72A-B (m).
Gnaphosa licenti Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 231, f. 169A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900 | j | Norway     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027243]
Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900c: 45 (Dj).
Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949 | f | Italy (Sicily)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027244]
Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949d: 128, unnumbered fig. (Df).
Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) * | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Pakistan, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027245]
Aranea lucifuga Walckenaer, 1802: 221 (D).
Aranea melanogaster Latreille, 1804a: 222 (D).
Drassus lucifugus Walckenaer, 1805: 45.
Drassus melanogaster Latreille, 1806: 87, pl. 3, f. 10 (D).
Drassus fuscus Latreille, 1806: 87 (D).
Drassus lucifugus Walckenaer, 1830: 155, pl. 2, f. 1 (Dmf).
Drassus melanogaster Hahn, 1833a: 11, f. 102 (Df).
Pythonissa fusca C. L. Koch, 1837b: 16.
Pythonissa nigra C. L. Koch, 1837b: 16 (D).
Pythonissa lucifuga C. L. Koch, 1839a: 54, f. 468-470 (mf).
Pythonissa fusca C. L. Koch, 1839a: 56, f. 471 (Df).
Pythonissa occulta C. L. Koch, 1839a: 58, f. 472 (Df).
Drassus lucifuga Blackwall, 1861a: 105, pl. 6, f. 62 (mf, in part).
Pythonissa lucifuga L. Koch, 1866: 10, pl. 1, f. 5-8 (mf).
Pythonissa femoralis L. Koch, 1866: 36, pl. 2, f. 26 (Df).
Thysa pythonissaeformis Kempelen, 1867: 607, pl. 14, f. 1-6 (Df).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Thorell, 1868a: 379.
Gnaphosa lucifuga Thorell, 1871a: 187.
Gnaphosa lucifuga Simon, 1893a: 383, f. 336-338.
Gnaphosa lucifuga Becker, 1896: 263, pl. 17, f. 24 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 186, pl. 7, f. 27 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Bösenberg, 1902: 315, pl. 29, f. 465 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Lessert, 1910b: 73, f. 61-62 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Simon, 1914: 193, 199, 223, f. 414-415, 439 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Spassky, 1925: 32, f. 8 (m).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Reimoser, 1931b: 41, f. 4 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Denis, 1936: 114, f. 7 (f).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Reimoser, 1937a: 8, f. 9, 15 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Tullgren, 1946: 78, f. 23A-B, pl. 12, f. 154-156 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Tystshenko, 1971: 92, f. 181 (m).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Miller, 1971: 77, pl. V, f. 20, pl. VI, f. 10 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 11, f. 7, 9 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Grimm, 1985: 60, f. 43, 60-61 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Karol, 1987: 27, f. 1-2 (f).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Hu & Wu, 1989: 268, f. 218.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1113 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 5, f. 1-6 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Noordam, 1992: 3, 14 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Zhao, 1993: 123, f. 57a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Zhao, 1995: 840, f. 393a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Mcheidze, 1997: 111, f. 137, 144 (m).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Roberts, 1998: 122, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 261M, 252C (mf).
Gnaphosa betpaki Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003a: 230, f. 26 (m; misidentified per Esyunin & Tuneva, 2020: 111).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 108, f. 61A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Kovblyuk, 2005a: 134, f. 1-5 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Almquist, 2006: 399, f. 344a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Murphy, 2007: 32, f. 110-111 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Hosseini et al., 2014: 438, f. 2-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Esyunin & Tuneva, 2020: 111, f. 23-31 (mf).
Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905 | m | Turkey     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027246]
Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905b: 128 (Dm).
Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) | m f | Europe to Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027248]
Pythonissa lugubris C. L. Koch, 1839a: 60, f. 473 (Df).
Drassus hellenicus Walckenaer, 1841: 485 (D).
Pythonissa lugubris L. Koch, 1866: 8, pl. 1, f. 4 (f).
Gnaphosa lugubris Simon, 1878a: 174 (Dm).
Gnaphosa soror Herman, 1879: 190, 362, pl. 7, f. 169 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055946].
Gnaphosa pittierii Gétaz, 1889: 63 (Df).
Gnaphosa lugubris Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 187, pl. 7, f. 23 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Bösenberg, 1902: 315, pl. 30, f. 466 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Simon, 1914: 197, 200, 223, f. 434, 443 (mf).
Gnaphosa krogerusi Schenkel, 1934: 102, f. 6 (Dm).
Gnaphosa lugubris Reimoser, 1937a: 9, f. 12, 18 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Locket & Millidge, 1951: 117, f. 60A, G, 61A (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Locket & Millidge, 1957: 486, f. 5A (m).
Gnaphosa lugubris Tystshenko, 1971: 92, f. 182, 191 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Miller, 1971: 78, pl. VI, f. 11-12 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 10, f. 4C (m).
Gnaphosa lugubris Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 33, f. 8, 10 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Grimm, 1985: 64, f. 49, 62-63 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Roberts, 1985: 76, f. 28a (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1119 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 20, f. 57-62 (mf, S of Gnaphosa soror).
Gnaphosa lugubris Noordam, 1992: 14 (f).
Gnaphosa lugubris Roberts, 1995: 115, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Mcheidze, 1997: 110, f. 138, 142-143 (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Felton, 1997: 311, f. 4 (m).
Gnaphosa lugubris Roberts, 1998: 121, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Lecigne, 2018a: 48, f. 1H-J, 2H-L (mf).
Gnaphosa lugubris Lecigne, 2018b: 67, f. 7A (f).
Gnaphosa lugubris Zamani et al., 2024: 297, f. 7A-B (f).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 | m f | Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Nepal     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027249]
Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963: 71, f. 38 (Df).
Gnaphosa glandifera Schenkel, 1963: 72, f. 39 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055922].
Gnaphosa holmi Schenkel, 1963: 73, f. 40 (Df; N.B.: preoccupied by Lohmander, 1942 and Tullgren, 1942) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055925].
Gnaphosa charitonowi Schenkel, 1963: 75, f. 41 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055818].
Gnaphosa braendegaardi Schenkel, 1963: 76, f. 42a-c (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055816].
Gnaphosa berlandi Schenkel, 1963: 83, f. 47 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055813].
Gnaphosa charitonowi Song, Yu & Shang, 1981: 88, f. 18 (f).
Gnaphosa charitonowi Hu, 1984: 278, f. 292.2 (f).
Gnaphosa charitonowi Song, 1987: 338, f. 292 (f).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 45, f. 151-152, 155-158 (mf, S of Gnaphosa berlandi, G. braendegaardi, G. charitonowi, G. glandifera and G. holmi Schenkel).
Gnaphosa glandifera Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 187, f. 38-39 (f).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 187, f. 53-54 (m).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 261N, 262D (mf).
Gnaphosa charitonowi Hu, 2001: 248, f. 138.1-2 (f).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 110, f. 62A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa mandschurica Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 30, f. 92-94 (m).
Gnaphosa maritima Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027250]
Gnaphosa maritima Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 15, f. 23-28 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa mataica Fomichev, 2019 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051545]
Gnaphosa mataica Fomichev, 2019: 572, f. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998 | f | Georgia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027251]
Gnaphosa caucasica Mcheidze, 1997: 109, f. 140-141 (Df; preoccupied by Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992, see Gnaphosa caucasica) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055858].
Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998b: 25 (replacement name).
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939 | m f | North America, Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027252]
Gnaphosa bilineata L. Koch, 1879c: 86, pl. 3, f. 5 (Df; N.B.: suppressed for lack of use) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055814].
Gnaphosa bilineata Kulczyński, 1916: 3, pl. 1, f. 2 (f).
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939b: 9, f. 4 (Df).
Gnaphosa microps Palmgren, 1943: 88, f.
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1945b: 64, f. 21 (Dm).
Gnaphosa microps Tullgren, 1946: 90, pl. 15, f. 182-184 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Miller, 1971: 78, pl. LXI, f. 12-13 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1973: 103 (S of Gnaphosa bilineata).
Gnaphosa microps Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 44, f. 101-106 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Thaler, 1982c: 406, f. 8-9 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Grimm, 1985: 70, f. 41, 79-80 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 205, f. 1-3 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1111 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 179, f. 272-275 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 59, f. 189-190, 203-206 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 115, pl. 3, f. 4, 12 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Stankiewicz, 1996: 212, f. 1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 140, f. 5 (m).
Gnaphosa microps Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 77, f. 661-663 (mf).
Gnaphosa microps Almquist, 2006: 400, f. 345a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897 | m f | Italy, Austria, Czechia to Romania, Greece     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027253]
Gnaphosa laeta Kulczyński, in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 185, pl. 7, f. 19 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055931].
Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 184, pl. 7, f. 18 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa modestior Grimm, 1985: 72, f. 37-38 (mf).
Gnaphosa modestior Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 420, f. 1108 (mf).
Gnaphosa alpica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 61, f. 221-222 (m, misidentified per Řezáč et al., 2018: 291).
Gnaphosa modestior Řezáč et al., 2018a: 291, f. 1C,F,I, 2D,H, 3 (mf, S of Gnaphosa laeta, contra Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 63, who stated S with G. alpica).
Gnaphosa modestior Szmatona-Túri et al., 2019: 137, f. 2a-d (mf).
Gnaphosa moerens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 | m f | China, Nepal, India?     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027254]
Gnaphosa moerens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885b: 17, pl. 2, f. 13 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa moerens Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 75, f. 271-274 (Tmf from Pterotricha per Roewer).
Gnaphosa moerens Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 261O, 262E (mf).
Gnaphosa moerens Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 111, f. 63A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875 | m f | Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe)?     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027255]
Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875b: 84 (Dm).
Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875c: 99 (Dm).
Gnaphosa suspecta Herman, 1879: 194, 363, pl. 7, f. 168 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055952].
Gnaphosa suspecta Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 189, pl. 7, f. 21 (f).
Gnaphosa moesta Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 31, f. 107-110 (mf, S of Gnaphosa suspecta; N.B.: f misidentified per Kovblyuk, 2005a: 148).
Gnaphosa moesta Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003a: 230, f. 20-21 (f).
Gnaphosa moesta Kovblyuk, 2005a: 145, f. 47-51 (mf).
Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 | m f | Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey, Russia (Europe) to China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027256]
Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895c: 334 (Df).
Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczyński, in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 187, pl. 7, f. 16 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055948].
Gnaphosa punctata Kulczyński, 1901b: 323, pl. 12, f. 1 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027284].
Gnaphosa auriceps Schenkel, 1953b: 19, f. 10a-c (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055811].
Gnaphosa chaffanjoni Schenkel, 1963: 69, f. 37a-c (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055817].
Gnaphosa corifera Schenkel, 1963: 77, f. 43 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055819].
Gnaphosa spinosa Loksa, 1965: 23, f. 34-35 (f, S of Gnaphosa punctata).
Gnaphosa chaffanjoni Ponomarev, 1981: 56, f. 2 (Df).
Gnaphosa spinosa Weiss & Marcu, 1988: 113, f. 1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa chaffanjoni Izmailova, 1989: 102, f. 83 (f).
Gnaphosa denisi Hu & Wu, 1989: 266, f. 216.1-2 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa mongolica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 46, f. 153-154, 159-162 (mf, S of Gnaphosa auriceps, G. chaffanjoni, G. corifera and G. spinosa).
Gnaphosa mongolica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 261P, 262F (mf).
Gnaphosa mongolica Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 112, f. 64A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa mongolica Szita et al., 2006: 331, f. 2a-d (mf).
Gnaphosa mongolics Zhang & Wang, 2017: 281, 5 f. (mf) [lapsus].
Gnaphosa mongolica Grbić, Hänggi & Krnjajić, 2021: 25, f. 5A-E (mf).
Gnaphosa mongolica Šestáková et al., 2022: 16, f. 2a-b, 3, 4a-c (mf).
Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027257]
Pythonissa montana L. Koch, 1866: 18, pl. 1, f. 11 (Df).
Gnaphosa montana Thorell, 1871a: 188 (Dm).
Gnaphosa montana Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 187, pl. 7, f. 25 (f).
Gnaphosa montana Bösenberg, 1902: 316, pl. 30, f. 467 (f).
Gnaphosa montana Simon, 1914: 199, 223, f. 440 (f).
Gnaphosa montana Kulczyński, 1915: 916, pl. 66, f. 22-24 (f).
Gnaphosa lucifuga Charitonov, 1926a: 259, f. 1 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa montana Reimoser, 1937a: 8, f. 16 (Dm).
Gnaphosa montana Tullgren, 1942: 218, pl. 1, f. 1 (m).
Gnaphosa montana Palmgren, 1943: 85, f.
Gnaphosa montana Tullgren, 1946: 85, f. 26B, pl. 14, f. 170-172 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Miller, 1971: 78, pl. VI, f. 7-9 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Grimm, 1985: 73, f. 48, 72-74 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Izmailova, 1989: 103, f. 84 (f).
Gnaphosa montana Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1117 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 74, f. 243-244, 267-270 (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Noordam, 1992: 14 (f).
Gnaphosa montana Roberts, 1998: 123, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Seyyar, Demir & Topçu, 2006: 50, f. 1A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Almquist, 2006: 401, f. 346a-f (mf).
Gnaphosa montana Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 20, f. 42-45 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027258]
Pythonissa muscorum L. Koch, 1866: 14, pl. 1, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Thorell, 1871a: 190.
Gnaphosa conspersa Thorell, 1877c: 489 (Df; preoccupied by O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872).
Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878a: 181 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa gigantea Keyserling, 1887b: 424, pl. 6, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055921].
Gnaphosa conspersa Emerton, 1890: 176, pl. 4, f. 4 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa conspersa Emerton, 1902: 2, f. 3-5 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Lessert, 1910b: 75, f. 63-65 (mf).
Gnaphosa gigantea Comstock, 1912: 320, f. 311-312.
Gnaphosa muscorum Simon, 1914: 197, 200, 223, f. 433, 442 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Gertsch, 1935a: 28 (S).
Gnaphosa muscorum Reimoser, 1937a: 8, f. 11, 19 (mf).
Gnaphosa gigantea Comstock, 1940: 334, f. 311 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Palmgren, 1943: 86, f.
Gnaphosa muscorum Tullgren, 1946: 80, f. 24A, pl. 12, f. 157-158, pl. 13, f. 159-160 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Kaston, 1948: 344, f. 1178-1180 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Buchar, 1961: 95, f. 3F (m).
Gnaphosa muscorum Beer, 1964: 525, f. 1 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Tystshenko, 1971: 93, f. 186 (m).
Gnaphosa mongolica Savelyeva, 1972a: 1238, f. 1-2 (f, misidentified).
Gnaphosa muscorum Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 3 (S of Gnaphosa gigantea).
Gnaphosa muscorum Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 34, f. 3-6, 79-84 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Grimm, 1985: 74, f. 42, 54-55, 76 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 207 (S Drassina ochracea, rejected).
Gnaphosa muscorum Wesołowska, 1988b: 411 (S of Pterotricha adspersa = Drassus adspersus; rejected by Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37, see Gnaphosa kompirensis).
Gnaphosa muscorum Hu & Wu, 1989: 271, f. 216.3-4 (f, S).
Gnaphosa muscorum Izmailova, 1989: 103, f. 85 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1112 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 174, f. 16-17, 264-267 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 42, f. 145-148 (mf, S; not f. 149-150,=G. similis, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 27).
Gnaphosa muscorum Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 189, f. 51-52, 55-56 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Mcheidze, 1997: 111, f. 136 (m).
Gnaphosa muscorum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 250, f. 262Q, 262G (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Marusik & Koponen, 2000: 59, f. 8, 10-11 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Hu, 2001: 249, f. 139.1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 77, f. 664-666 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 114, f. 65A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Almquist, 2006: 402, f. 347a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2011: 156, f. 17.23 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum Kim & Lee, 2013: 107, f. 73A-B (m).
Gnaphosa muscorum Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 27, f. 63-66, 70-75 (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 231, f. 170A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955 | f | Sweden, Russia (South Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027259]
Gnaphosa punctata Tullgren, 1942: 229, f. 2a-c (Df; preoccupied by Kulczyński, 1901, see Gnaphosa mongolica) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055859].
Gnaphosa muscorum punctata Tullgren, 1946: 81, pl. 13, f. 161 (f).
Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, in Roewer, 1955c: 366 (replacement name).
Gnaphosa punctata Izmailova, 1989: 205, f. 87 (f).
Gnaphosa namulinensis Hu, 2001 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038058]
Gnaphosa namulinensis Hu, 2001: 249, f. 140.1-4 (Dmf; may be a junior S of G. dege, per Marusik et al., 2014b: 418).
Gnaphosa namulinensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 115, f. 66A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877 | m f | Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027260]
Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877b: 185, f. 11 (Df).
Gnaphosa nigra Kulczyński, 1926: 40, pl. 2, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055937].
Gnaphosa nigerrima Reimoser, 1937a: 9, f. 17 (f).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Lohmander, 1942: 34, 37 (Dm).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Tullgren, 1946: 88, f. 27B, pl. 14, f. 176-178 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Miller, 1951: 226, pl. III, f. 15-18 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Miller, 1971: 78, pl. V, f. 21, pl. VI, f. 3 (m).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Grimm, 1985: 77, f. 50, 52-53 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 207, f. 12-14 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1120 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 80, f. 285-286, 293-296 (mf, S of Gnaphosa nigra).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Roberts, 1995: 116, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 116, pl. 3, f. 7, 13 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Felton, 1997: 311, f. 1-3 (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Roberts, 1998: 121, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Villepoux & Duhem, 2004: 20, f. 7A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa nigerrima Almquist, 2006: 403, f. 348a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900 | f | Norway     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027261]
Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900c: 41, f. b (Df).
Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900 | f | Norway     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027262]
Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900c: 43, f. a (Df).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878 | m f | Western Europe     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027263]
Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878a: 177, pl. 15, f. 11 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa lugubris occidentalis Simon, 1914: 194, 201, 224, f. 417, 445 (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Locket & Millidge, 1951: 117, f. 60B, E-F, 61B (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Locket & Millidge, 1957: 486, f. 5B-C (m, elevated from subspecies, contra Roewer, 1955).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 10, f. 4D-E (m).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Roberts, 1985: 76, f. 28b (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 22, f. 67-70 (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Roberts, 1995: 116, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Roberts, 1998: 122, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Lecigne, 2018a: 48, pl. 3A-J, 5A-E (mf).
Gnaphosa occidentalis Breitling, 2020: 343, f. 12B (f).
Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878 | f | France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027264]
Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878a: 179 (Df).
Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1914: 198, 224, f. 437 (f).
Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018 | m f | France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050577]
Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018a: 47, f. 3, pl. 1A-G, 2A-G, 4A-I (Dmf).
Gnaphosa oligerae Ovtsharenko & Platnick, 1998 | m f | Russia (Far East)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027265]
Gnaphosa oligerae Ovtsharenko & Platnick, 1998: 3, f. 1-5 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879 | m f | Europe to Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027266]
Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879: 195, 364, pl. 7, f. 171 (Dm).
Gnaphosa molesta Herman, 1879: 195, 363, pl. 7, f. 170 (Df).
Gnaphosa fumosa Herman, 1879: 362.
Gnaphosa opaca Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897: 189, pl. 7, f. 20 (mf; S of Gnaphosa molesta Herman, 1879 with "?").
Gnaphosa opaca Reimoser, 1919: 176 (S of Gnaphosa molesta Herman, 1879 and of G. fumosa Herman, 1879 [non C. L. Koch, 1843]).
Gnaphosa opaca Miller, 1947: 35, pl. III, f. 16 (f).
Gnaphosa opaca Roewer, 1955c: 367 (S of Gnaphosa fusca [lapsus] = G. fumosa Herman, 1879 [non C. L. Koch, 1843]).
Gnaphosa opaca Tystshenko, 1971: 94, f. 185 (m).
Gnaphosa opaca Miller, 1971: 77, pl. VI, f. 4-6 (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Staręga, 1972: 84, f. 12-14, photo 8 (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Grimm, 1985: 78, f. 45, 64-65 (mf).
Gnaphosa iberica Pérez-Pérez, 1985: 67, f. 8-10 (mf, misidentified per Emerit & Ledoux, 2004a: 17 and Braud, Hervé & Ledoux, 2004: 19).
Gnaphosa opaca Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1115 (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 31, f. 103-106 (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Roberts, 1998: 121, f. (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Braud, Hervé & Ledoux, 2004: 19, f. 5A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa opaca Danflous, Crowther & Simmons, 2020: 3 (S of Gnaphosa molesta Herman, 1879 confirmed, S of G. iberica doubtful).
Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922 | m f | North America, Northern Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027268]
Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922: 158 (Dm).
Gnaphosa labradorensis Fox, 1938a: 231, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055930].
Gnaphosa humilis Holm, 1939b: 7, f. 3a-c (Dm, preoccupied).
Gnaphosa holmi Tullgren, 1942: 220 (replacement name for G. humilis; N.B.: identical replacement name provided by Lohmander, 1942: 47) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055924].
Gnaphosa holmi Lohmander, 1942: 47 (replacement name for G. humilis).
Gnaphosa holmi Palmgren, 1943: 88, f.
Gnaphosa (Oreognaphosa) holmi Lohmander, 1944: 11.
Gnaphosa holmi Tullgren, 1946: 89, f. 27C, pl. 14, f. 179-181 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa orites Holm, 1950: 129 (S of Gnaphosa holmi Tullgren).
Gnaphosa stuxbergi Holm, 1970: 206, f. 40 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055949].
Gnaphosa orites Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4 (S of Gnaphosa labradorensis).
Gnaphosa orites Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 46, f. 65, 107-108 (m; not f, =G. borea).
Gnaphosa orites Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 208, f. 4-6 (mf, S of Gnaphosa stuxbergi).
Gnaphosa orites Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 186, f. 284-287 (mf).
Gnaphosa orites Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 60, f. 207-212 (mf).
Gnaphosa orites Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 117, pl. 3, f. 1, 3, 11 (mf).
Gnaphosa orites Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 140, f. 4 (m).
Gnaphosa orites Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 77, f. 657-659 (mf).
Gnaphosa orites Almquist, 2006: 404, f. 349a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa orites Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2011: 51, f. 1-6 (mf).
Gnaphosa ovchinnikovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027269]
Gnaphosa ovchinnikovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 56, f. 191-194 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa pakistanica Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Inayatullah, 2008 | m f | Pakistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041940]
Gnaphosa pakistanica Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Inayatullah, 2008: 82, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa parvula Banks, 1896 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027270]
Gnaphosa parvula Banks, 1896e: 61 (Df).
Gnaphosa parvula Emerton, 1909: 218, pl. 9, f. 3 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa parvula Kaston, 1948: 346, f. 1161-1162, 1184 (mf).
Gnaphosa parvula Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 48, f. 111-116 (mf).
Gnaphosa parvula Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 176, f. 268-271 (mf).
Gnaphosa parvula Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 77, f. 670-672 (mf).
Gnaphosa pauriensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027271]
Gnaphosa pauriensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977b: 44, f. 1A-E (Df).
Gnaphosa pauriensis Tikader, 1982b: 334, f. 90-95 (f).
Gnaphosa pauriensis Gajbe, 2007: 457, f. 71-76 (f).
Gnaphosa pengi Zhang & Yin, 2001 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038059]
Gnaphosa pengi Zhang & Yin, 2001b: 479, f. 1-4 (Df).
Gnaphosa pengi Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 117, f. 67A-B (f).
Gnaphosa perplexa Denis, 1958 | f | Afghanistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027272]
Gnaphosa perplexa Denis, 1958b: 95, f. 22 (Df).
Gnaphosa perplexa Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 18, f. 51-52 (f).
Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872 | m f | Europe, Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027273]
Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872b: 302 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa hospitalis Simon, 1878a: 186 (Df).
Gnaphosa petrobia Müller & Schenkel, 1895: 772, pl. 14, f. 8 (m).
Gnaphosa petrobia Kulczyński, 1903b: 643, pl. 1, f. 8 (f).
Gnaphosa petrobia Lessert, 1910b: 80, f. 71-72 (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Simon, 1914: 197, 203, 224, f. 432, 450 (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Holm, 1939b: 9, f. 3d-e (m).
Gnaphosa (Oreognaphosa) petrobia Lohmander, 1944: 11.
Gnaphosa petrobia Roșca, 1968: 86, f. 17a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Tystshenko, 1971: 92, g. 183, 190 (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Grimm, 1985: 79, f. 39, 58-59 (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 420, f. 1110 (mf).
Gnaphosa petrobia Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 70, f. 251-254 (mf).
Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972 | m f | Russia (Europe, South Siberia), Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027274]
Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972a: 1240, f. 3-4 (Df).
Gnaphosa pilosa Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 24, f. 75-78 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa pilosa Esyunin & Tuneva, 2020: 111, f. 32-37 (mf).
Gnaphosa poonaensis Tikader, 1973 | m f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027275]
Gnaphosa poonaensis Tikader, 1973a: 188, f. 6-10 (Dm).
Gnaphosa poonaensis Tikader, 1982b: 332, f. 1-2, 83-89 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa poonaensis Gajbe, 2007: 456, f. 64-70 (mf).
Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900 | f | Norway     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027276]
Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900c: 39, f. c (Df).
Gnaphosa potanini Simon, 1895 | m f | Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027277]
Gnaphosa potanini Simon, 1895c: 333 (Df).
Gnaphosa silvicola Kamura, 1988: 9, f. 5-6, 20-26 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055945].
Gnaphosa silvicola Kim et al., 1988: 147, f. 6-10 (mf).
Gnaphosa silvicola Paik, 1989: 7, f. 19-29 (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 32, f. 111-114 (mf, S of Gnaphosa silvicola; see comment on S by Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 29).
Gnaphosa potanini Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 262H, M (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Namkung, 2002: 476, f. 37.17a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Namkung, 2003: 479, f. 37.17a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 118, f. 68A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Jung et al., 2005: 180, f. 20-21, 62, 87, 123-124 (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 61-64 (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Kim & Lee, 2013: 108, f. 74A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa potanini Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 29, f. 91 (f).
Gnaphosa potanini Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 231, f. 171A-C (f).
Gnaphosa potanini Kishida, 2023: 40, f. 1-2 (m).
Gnaphosa potosi Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027278]
Gnaphosa potosi Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 32, f. 66-70 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa prashkevichi Fomichev, 2019 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051544]
Gnaphosa prashkevichi Fomichev, 2019: 571, f. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21-22 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa primorica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m | Russia (Far East), Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027279]
Gnaphosa primorica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 78, f. 289-290 (Dm).
Gnaphosa primorica Ono & Kudo, 1996: 74, f. 1-6 (m).
Gnaphosa primorica Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 68-69 (m).
Gnaphosa primorica Suzuki, 2018d: 28, f. 1a-d (m).
Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878 | f | Spain     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027280]
Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878a: 175 (Df).
Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Russia (Caucasus)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027281]
Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 25, f. 65, 79-82 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa pseudoleporina Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Russia (South Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027283]
Gnaphosa pseudoleporina Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 68, f. 247-250 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa pseudoleporina Marusik & Koponen, 2001b: 141, f. 14-18 (m).
Gnaphosa pseudoleporina Azarkina & Trilikauskas, 2013a: 52, f. 1-18 (mf).
Gnaphosa qamsarica Zamani, Chatzaki, Esyunin & Marusik, 2021 | f | Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053229]
Gnaphosa qamsarica Zamani et al., 2021a: 84, f. 10A-H (Df).
Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Marusik, 1993 | m f | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027285]
Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Marusik, 1993a: 79, f. 4-6 (Df).
Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini Fomichev, Marusik & Omelko, 2013: 153, f. 1-10 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046044].
Gnaphosa ustyuzhanini Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014b: 6, f. 17-18 (m).
Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 22, f. 49-56 (f).
Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Fomichev & Marusik, 2017b: 78, f. 28-31 (f, S of Gnaphosa ustyuzhanin).
Gnaphosa reikhardi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027286]
Gnaphosa reikhardi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 76, f. 245, 275-278 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895 | m f | France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Romania, Albania     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027287]
Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895: 772, pl. 14, f. 9 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Lessert, 1910b: 82, f. 76-78 (mf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Roșca, 1968: 86, f. 18a-b (mf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Grimm, 1985: 81, f. 46, 66-67 (mf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1116 (mf).
Gnaphosa rhenana Pesarini, 2000: 385, f. 15 (m).
Gnaphosa rhenana Komnenov, 2018: 211, f. 18-25 (m).
Gnaphosa rohtakensis Gajbe, 1992 | m | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027288]
Gnaphosa rohtakensis Gajbe, 1992a: 303, f. 1-5 (Dm).
Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027289]
Pythonissa rufula L. Koch, 1866: 20, pl. 1, f. 12-14 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa rufula Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 29, f. 95-98 (m, Df; N.B.: Koch's f=G. steppica).
Gnaphosa rufula Szita et al., 2006: 331, f. 2e-h (mf).
Gnaphosa rufula Ponomarev, 2008b: 81, f. 2-3 (m).
Gnaphosa rufula Gajdoš, Černecká & Šestáková, 2019: 57, f. 3-9 (mf).
Gnaphosa rufula Naumova, Blagoev & Deltshev, 2021: 233, f. 4A-B (f).
Gnaphosa salsa Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027290]
Gnaphosa salsa Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 22, f. 47-52 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa sandersi Gertsch & Davis, 1940 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027291]
Gnaphosa sandersi Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 8, f. 14 (Df).
Gnaphosa sandersi Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 59, f. 139-142 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Ukraine, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027292]
Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 6, f. 15-18 (Dmf; N. B.: for Levy, 1995: 977, f=G. barroisi).
Gnaphosa saurica Esyunin & Efimik, 1997: 107, f. 6-7, 10-12 (mf).
Gnaphosa saurica Kovblyuk, 2005a: 141, f. 29-46 (mf; N.B.: in note on p. 151, considered a junior S of G. dolosa, but that S was not based on examination of holotype of G. dolosa and is therefore uncertain).
Gnaphosa saxosa Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027293]
Gnaphosa saxosa Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 17, f. 29-34 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878 | f | France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027294]
Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878a: 190 (Df).
Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1914: 203, 224, f. 451 (f).
Gnaphosa sericata (L. Koch, 1866) | m f | USA to Guatemala, Cuba, Turks & Caicos     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027295]
Pythonissa sericata L. Koch, 1866: 31, pl. 2, f. 21-22 (Dm).
Drassus diversus Blackwall, 1871: 433 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055919].
Gnaphosa sericata Banks, 1895d: 78.
Gnaphosa spiralis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899a: 55, pl. 4, f. 18 (Dm).
Gnaphosa peon Chamberlin, 1925d: 213 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055938].
Gnaphosa simplex Franganillo, 1926a: 49 (D).
Cylphosa sericata Chamberlin, 1936a: 14.
Gnaphosa sericata Kaston, 1948: 346, f. 1181-1183 (mf).
Poecilochroa inconspicua Bryant, 1948b: 408, pl. 10, f. 91 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055926].
Gnaphosa sericata Kaston, 1972a: 210, f. 14-15, 33 (mf, removed from S of G. bicolor per Roewer).
Gnaphosa sericata Ubick & Roth, 1973a: 4 (S of Drassodes diversus).
Gnaphosa sericata Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 61, f. 143-149 (mf, S of Gnaphosa peon).
Gnaphosa diversa Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 7 (nomen dubium).
Gnaphosa sericata Platnick & Shadab, 1981e: 7 (S of Poecilochroa inconspicua).
Gnaphosa sericata Heiss & Allen, 1986: 15, f. 25-26 (mf).
Gnaphosa sericata Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 161, f. 240-243 (mf).
Gnaphosa sericata Breene et al., 1993: 88, f. 109A-B (mf).
Gnaphosa serzonshteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017 | m f | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049451]
Gnaphosa zonsteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017b: 75, f. 20-27, 32-33 (Dmf; preoccupied by Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992)  [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049313].
Gnaphosa serzonshteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017c: 431 (replacement name).
Gnaphosa similis Kulczyński, 1926 | m f | Russia (Middle and South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047308]
Gnaphosa similis Kulczyński, 1926: 42, pl. 2, f. 6 (Df).
Gnaphosa lesserti Schenkel, 1963: 80, f. 45 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055932].
Gnaphosa muscorum Wesołowska, 1988b: 411, f. 24-28 (m, S; placed here per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26).
Gnaphosa muscorum Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 42, f. 149-150 (mf, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26).
Gnaphosa muscorum Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 116, pl. 3, 9, 17 (mf, misidentified, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26).
Gnaphosa similis Marusik & Koponen, 2000: 59, f. 9, 12-13 (mf, considered distinct from G. muscorum, not accepted then).
Gnaphosa muscorum Namkung, 2002: 477, f. 37.18a-b (mf, misidentified, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26).
Gnaphosa muscorum Namkung, 2003: 480, f. 37.18a-b (mf, misidentified, per Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26).
Gnaphosa similis Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2011: 40, f. 2.6, 17.21 (m).
Gnaphosa similis Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 26, f. 57-62, 67-69, 76-78 (mf, S of Gnaphosa lesserti, removed from S of G. muscorum, contra Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 42).
Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880 | m f | China, Korea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027296]
Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880b: 121, pl. 3, f. 24 (Df, not m, = G. licenti).
Gnaphosa koreae Strand, 1907k: 122 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055928].
Gnaphosa sinensis Saito, 1936b: 5, 74, pl. 5 (f).
Gnaphosa kratochvili Schenkel, 1963: 61, f. 32a-c (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055929].
Gnaphosa bonneti Schenkel, 1963: 62, f. 33 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055815].
Gnaphosa martae Schenkel, 1963: 85, f. 48 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055933].
Gnaphosa schensiensis Schenkel, 1963: 90, f. 52a-b (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055943].
Gnaphosa sinensis Song & Hubert, 1983: 17, f. 46-49 (f).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Zhu & Shi, 1985: 151, f. 134a-c (m).
Gnaphosa sinensis Zhu & Shi, 1985: 152, f. 135a-c (f).
Gnaphosa sinensis Song, 1987: 339, f. 294 (f, S).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Zhang, 1987: 179, f. 121, f. 150.1-3 (m).
Gnaphosa sinensis Zhang, 1987: 180, f. 151.1-3 (f).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Hu & Li, 1987b: 299, f. 30.3-4 (m).
Gnaphosa koreae Paik & Kim, 1989: 40, f. 1-6 (f).
Gnaphosa sinensis Chen & Gao, 1990: 145, f. 183a-c (f).
Gnaphosa sinensis Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 71, f. 255-258 (mf, S of Gnaphosa bonneti, G. koreae, G. kratochvili, G. martae and G. schensiensis).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Zhao, 1993: 124, f. 59 (m).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Zhao, 1995: 843, f. 395 (m).
Gnaphosa sinensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 262I, N (mf).
Gnaphosa schensiensis Hu, 2001: 252, f. 141.1-2 (m).
Gnaphosa sinensis Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 344, f. 222A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa sinensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 119, f. 69A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa sinensis Jung et al., 2005: 180, f. 22, 63, 88, 125-126 (mf).
Gnaphosa sinensis Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 394, f. 282A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa sinensis Kim & Lee, 2013: 109, f. 75A-C (mf).
Gnaphosa sinensis Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 234, f. 172A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027297]
Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 52, f. 123-126 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick & Dondale, 1992: 170, f. 256-259 (mf).
Gnaphosa snohomish Bennett, Fitzpatrick & Troubridge, 2007: 16, f. 1-9 (mf).
Gnaphosa songi Zhang, 2001 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038060]
Gnaphosa songi Zhang, in Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2001: 52, f. 1A-F (Dmf).
Gnaphosa songi Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 121, f. 70A-F (mf).
Gnaphosa sonora Platnick & Shadab, 1975 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027298]
Gnaphosa sonora Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 25, f. 42, 71-72 (Df).
Gnaphosa sonora Platnick, 1976c: 135, f. 1-2 (Dm).
Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027299]
Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 37, f. 127-128, 133-136 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa steppica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003b: 279, f. 5-7 (mf).
Gnaphosa steppica Zamani et al., 2020: 576, f. 3A-C (f).
Gnaphosa steppica Seropian et al., 2023: 240, f. 18-21 (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908 | m f | Scandinavia, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027300]
Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908b: 7, pl. 1, f. 4 (Df).
Gnaphosa intermedia Holm, 1939b: 11, f. 5 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055927].
Gnaphosa intermedia Palmgren, 1943: 88, f.
Gnaphosa intermedia Tullgren, 1946: 83, f. 24C, pl. 13, f. 165 (f).
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1950: 136, f. 8a-b (m, misidentified).
Gnaphosa sticta Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988: 208, f. 16-17, 20 (mf, S of Gnaphosa intermedia).
Gnaphosa sticta Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 48, f. 163-168 (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Ono, 1994c: 189, f. 1-4 (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1996: 117, pl. 3, f. 8, 14 (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Almquist, 2006: 404, f. 350a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Kamura, 2009: 488, f. 65-67 (mf).
Gnaphosa sticta Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 16, f. 13-15, 27-30 (mf).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 | m f | Mongolia, China, India?     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027301]
Gnaphosa stoliczkae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885b: 16, pl. 2, f. 12 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai Schenkel, 1936b: 259, f. 85 (m).
Gnaphosa rudolfi Schenkel, 1963: 88, f. 51a-b (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055942].
Gnaphosa stoliczkae Tikader, 1982b: 340, f. 105-107 (f).
Gnaphosa rudolfi Hu & Wu, 1989: 272, f. 220.1-4 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 12, f. 27-32 (mf, S of Gnaphosa rudolfi).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 450, f. 262J, O (mf).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 123, f. 71A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa stoliczkai Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 18, f. 35-41 (m).
Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885 | m f | Greece     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027302]
Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885g: 213 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa synthetica Chamberlin, 1924 | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027303]
Gnaphosa synthetica Chamberlin, 1924b: 620, f. 59-60 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa synthetica Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 20, f. 41, 43-46 (mf).
Gnaphosa tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027304]
Gnaphosa tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 64, f. 215-216, 229-232 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875 | m f | Bulgaria to China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027305]
Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875b: 84 (Dm).
Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875c: 98 (Dm).
Gnaphosa taurica Spassky, 1925: 33, f. 43 (f).
Gnaphosa taurica Tystshenko, 1971: 92, f. 187 (f).
Gnaphosa taurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 22, f. 63-64, 71-74 (mf).
Gnaphosa taurica Mcheidze, 1997: 109, f. 139 (f).
Gnaphosa taurica Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 451, f. 262K, P (mf).
Gnaphosa taurica Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 124, f. 72A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa taurica Kovblyuk, 2005a: 148, f. 52-57 (mf).
Gnaphosa taurica Ramírez, 2014: 238, f. 166D-E (m).
Gnaphosa tenebrosa Fox, 1938 | f | probably Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027306]
Gnaphosa tenebrosa Fox, 1938a: 229, pl. 2, f. 6 (Df).
Gnaphosa tenebrosa Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 27, f. 73-74 (f).
Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878 | m f | France, North Macedonia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027307]
Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878a: 170 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878 | m f | Mediterranean, Russia (Europe, South Siberia), Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027308]
Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878a: 180 (Dm, not f).
Gnaphosa tigrina Lessert, 1910b: 78, f. 69-70 (m).
Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1914: 201, 224, f. 429-430, 446 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa tigrina Grimm, 1985: 82, f. 44, 70-71 (mf).
Gnaphosa tigrina Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 422, f. 1114 (mf).
Gnaphosa tigrina Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003b: 281, f. 8-9 (f only; m is reversed with G. azerbaidzhanica per Zamani et al., 2021b: 283.
Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003b: 277, f. 3-4 (m only; reversed with G. tigrina per Zamani et al., 2021b: 283).
Gnaphosa tigrina Breitling, 2020: 343, f. 12C (f).
Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Zamani et al., 2020: 575, f. 3D-E (m; misidentified per Zamani et al., 2021b: 283).
Gnaphosa tumd Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 | m | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038061]
Gnaphosa tumd Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001a: 15, f. 1-3 (Dm).
Gnaphosa tumid Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 125, f. 73A-C (m).
Gnaphosa tunevae Marusik & Omelko, 2014 | f | Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047307]
Gnaphosa tunevae Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 17, f. 31-34 (Df).
Gnaphosa tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, 1992 | m f | Russia (West and South Siberia), Mongolia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027310]
Gnaphosa tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, in Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 28, f. 91-94 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 191, f. 57-60 (mf).
Gnaphosa tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, 2009: 147, f. 3-4 (f).
Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Ukraine, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027311]
Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 17, f. 49-50 (Dm).
Gnaphosa turkmenica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 18, f. 53-54 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027309].
Gnaphosa ukrainica Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2004: 93, f. 8 (f).
Gnaphosa ukrainica Kovblyuk, 2005a: 136, f. 8-13 (mf, S of Gnaphosa turkmenica).
Gnaphosa ukrainica Azarkina et al., 2018: 78, f. 3 (m).
Gnaphosa ukrainica Zamani & Marusik, 2018c: 69, f. 2B-C, 3G-H, 4D-F, 5D (mf).
Gnaphosa utahana Banks, 1904 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027312]
Gnaphosa utahana Banks, 1904a: 110, f. 26 (Df).
Gnaphosa utahana Platnick & Shadab, 1975a: 23, f. 53-58 (f, Dm).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Schenkel, 1963 | m f | Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027313]
Gnaphosa wiehlei Schenkel, 1963: 95, f. 55a-c (Dm).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 52, f. 171-172, 177-180 (m, Df).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Marusik & Logunov, 1995b: 191, f. 69-70 (f).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 451, f. 262L, Q (mf).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 126, f. 74A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa wiehlei Marusik & Omelko, 2014b: 14, f. 10-12, 16-26 (mf).
Gnaphosa xieae Zhang & Yin, 2001 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038062]
Gnaphosa xieae Zhang & Yin, 2001b: 480, f. 5-9 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa xieae Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 128, f. 75A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880 | m f | North Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027314]
Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880b: 352 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa zeugitana Denis, 1966e: 109, f. 11 (f).
Gnaphosa zeugitana Di Franco, 1994a: 198, f. 5-8 (mf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027315]
Gnaphosa zhaoi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 41, f. 66, 141-144 (Dmf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1728, f. 34a-c (f).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 451, f. 14F, 263A, I (mf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004: 129, f. 76A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 396, f. 283A-D (mf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Yin et al., 2012: 1172, f. 624a-e (mf).
Gnaphosa zhaoi Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 234, f. 173A-G (mf).
Gnaphosa zonsteini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | f | Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027316]
Gnaphosa zonsteini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 53, f. 261-262 (Df).
Gnaphosa zyuzini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 | m f | Kazakhstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:027317]
Gnaphosa zyuzini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992: 77, f. 279-284 (Dmf).
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