Family: Pycnothelidae Chamberlin, 1917 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0141] Detail
N.B.: downgraded to a subfamily of Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 79 and revalidated by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; redefined and transfer of 12 genera from Nemesiidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; furthermore Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 14 define five subfamilies: Pycnothelinae, Diplothelopsinae Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967, Pionothelinae Indicatti, Montes de Oca, Opatova, Almeida, Pérez-Miles & Bond, 2022 (new subfamily), Prorachiinae Indicatti, Montes de Oca, Opatova, Almeida, Pérez-Miles, Bond, 2022 (new subfamily) and Pselligminae Mello-Leitão, 1923 (elevated from tribe).
In synonymy:
Agersborgia Strand, 1936 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 241)
Androthelopsis Mello-Leitão, 1934 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 288)
Aparua Todd, 1945 = Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 (Main, 1983b: 923)
Bayana Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11)
Chubutia Mello-Leitão, 1940 = Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1970a: 152, sub Tryssothele)
Ctenochelus Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2004: 256, contra Raven, 1985a: 136)
Diplothelopsis Tullgren, 1905 = Lycinus Thorell, 1894 (Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 12)
Flamencopsis Goloboff, 1995 = Chilelopsis Goloboff, 1995 (Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11)
Hermachura Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 12)
Heteromma Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 241, preoccupied, automatically with its replacement name Agersborgia)
Levina Zapfe, 1963 = Lycinus Thorell, 1894 (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1973c: 291)
Neostothis Vellard, 1925 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11)
Parachubutia Mello-Leitão, 1940 = Lycinus Thorell, 1894 (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 57)
Parapselligmus Piza, 1939 = Rachias Simon, 1892 (Raven, 1985a: 105)
Petropolisia Mello-Leitão, 1920 = Rachias Simon, 1892 (Goloboff, 1995: 52, contra Raven, 1985a: 107, who placed it as a S of Pselligmus Simon, 1892 instead)
Pycnothelopsis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942 = Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 (Raven, 1985a: 101, sub Androthelopsis)
Tryssothele Simon, 1902 = Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 (Raven, 1985a: 83)
Gen. Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00104] Detail
type Acanthogonatus francki Karsch, 1880; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Barychelidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 83 and to the Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; considered a senior synonym of Tryssothele Simon, 1902h: 7 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05015] (type T. fuegiana Simon, 1902h: 7) by Raven, 1985a: 83; Tryssothele considered a senior synonym of Chubutia Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 3 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05007] (type C. notata Mello-Leitão, 1940) by Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1970a: 152; Acanthogonatus is most likely polyphyletic per Opatova et al., 2020: 701.
Transferred to other genera:
Acanthogonatus antillensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) -- see Fufius
Acanthogonatus argentina (Simon, 1897) -- see Stenoterommata
In synonymy:
Acanthogonatus australis (Chamberlin, 1917) = Acanthogonatus pissii (Simon, 1889) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 27, sub Tryssothele).
Acanthogonatus guttulatus (Simon, 1886, T from Stenoterommata) = Acanthogonatus subcalpeianus (Nicolet, 1849) (Goloboff, 1995: 78).
Acanthogonatus latastei (Simon, 1902) = Acanthogonatus pissii (Simon, 1889) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 27, sub Tryssothele).
Acanthogonatus segnis (Simon, 1886) = Acanthogonatus francki Karsch, 1880 (Goloboff, 1995: 104).
Acanthogonatus venosus (Mello-Leitão, 1936, T from Thalerommata) = Acanthogonatus pissii (Simon, 1889) (Goloboff, 1995: 91).
Nomen dubium:
Acanthogonatus gounellei (Simon, 1886c: 573, j, Brazil, originally in Stenoterommata) -- Goloboff, 1995: 76.
Acanthogonatus alegre Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001021]
Acanthogonatus alegre Goloboff, 1995: 103, f. 94A-B (Df).
Acanthogonatus birabeni Goloboff, 1995 | m | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001022]
Acanthogonatus birabeni Goloboff, 1995: 116, f. 102A-B (Dm).
Acanthogonatus brunneus (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001023]
Mygale brunnea Nicolet, 1849: 336, pl. 1, f. 5 (Df).
Brachythele brunnea Simon, 1889a: 221.
Acanthogonatus brunneus Goloboff, 1995: 127, f. 113A-D (f).
Acanthogonatus campanae (Legendre & Calderón, 1984) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001024]
Tryssothele subcalpetana Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 29, f. 9-13 (m; misidentified per Goloboff, 1995: 100).
Tryssothele campanae Legendre & Calderón, 1984: 1052, pl. XVII, f. 1-14 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus subcalpeiana Raven, 1985a: 83, f. 35-39 (m; misidentified per Goloboff, 1995: 100).
Acanthogonatus campanae Goloboff, 1995: 100, f. 92A-E, 93A-B (mf).
Acanthogonatus centralis Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001025]
Acanthogonatus centralis Goloboff, 1995: 96, f. 9, 77-78, 89A-F, 90 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus centralis Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 29-30 (m).
Acanthogonatus centralis Grismado & Goloboff, 2014c: 113, f. 10-11 (m).
Acanthogonatus chilechico Goloboff, 1995 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001026]
Acanthogonatus chilechico Goloboff, 1995: 115, f. 101A-B (Dm).
Acanthogonatus confusus Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001027]
Acanthogonatus confusus Goloboff, 1995: 80, f. 62, 80A-G (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus ericae Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042101]
Acanthogonatus ericae Indicatti et al., 2008b: 534, f. 15-26, 35-39 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus francki Karsch, 1880 * | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001028]
Acanthogonatus franckii Karsch, 1880c: 392 (Df).
Stenoterommata segne Simon, 1886h: 574 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039276].
Acanthognatus franckii Petrunkevitch, 1911: 42 (lapsus).
Stenoteromata segne Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1962b: 72, pl. III, f. 2 (f).
Acanthogonatus frankii Raven, 1985a: 83, f. 31-34.
Acanthogonatus segne Raven, 1985a: 107 (T from Stenoterommata).
Acanthogonatus franki Goloboff, 1995: 104, f. 95A-E (f, Dm, S of Acanthogonatus segne).
Acanthogonatus fuegianus (Simon, 1902) | m f | Chile, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001029]
Tryssothele fuegiana Simon, 1902h: 8 (Dmf).
Tryssothele fuegiana Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 22, f. 6-8, 14-17 (mf, probably misplaced).
Acanthogonatus fuegianus Goloboff, 1995: 111, f. 60, 99A-E (mf).
Acanthogonatus hualpen Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001030]
Acanthogonatus hualpen Goloboff, 1995: 121, f. 107A-D (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus huaquen Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001031]
Acanthogonatus huaquen Goloboff, 1995: 83, f. 59, 81A-E, 82 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus incursus (Chamberlin, 1916) | f | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001032]
Brachythele incursus Chamberlin, 1916: 205, pl. 7, f. 12 (Df).
Bolostromus incursus Raven, 1985a: 160 (T from Brachythele).
Acanthogonatus incursus Goloboff, 1995: 93, f. 55, 88A-D (f, T from Bolostromus).
Acanthogonatus juncal Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001033]
Acanthogonatus juncal Goloboff, 1995: 87, f. 84A-C (Df).
Acanthogonatus messii Signorotto & Ferretti, 2023 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059223]
Acanthogonatus messii Signorotto & Ferretti, in Signorotto, Mancini & Ferretti, 2023: 503, f. 2A-D, 3A-I, 4A-F, 5A-H, 7 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus minimus Indicatti, Folly-Ramos, Vargas, Lucas & Brescovit, 2015 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047745]
Acanthogonatus minimus Indicatti et al., 2015: 126, f. 1-30 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus mulchen Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001034]
Acanthogonatus mulchen Goloboff, 1995: 124, f. 110, 112A-B (Df).
Acanthogonatus nahuelbuta Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001035]
Acanthogonatus nahuelbuta Goloboff, 1995: 118, f. 15, 61, 75-76, 103A-I, 104-105, 106A-B (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus notatus (Mello-Leitão, 1940) | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001036]
Chubutia notata Mello-Leitão, 1940b: 4, f. 1-5 (Dm).
Acanthogonatus notatus Goloboff, 1995: 113, f. 100A-E (m, Df, removed from S of Acanthogonatus patagonicus, contra Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1970a: 152, sub Tryssothele).
Acanthogonatus notatus Signorotto, Mancini & Ferretti, 2023: 502, f. 1A-E (m).
Acanthogonatus parana Goloboff, 1995 | f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001037]
Acanthogonatus parana Goloboff, 1995: 99, f. 91A-B (Df).
Acanthogonatus patagallina Goloboff, 1995 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001038]
Acanthogonatus patagallina Goloboff, 1995: 122, f. 108A-B (Dm).
Acanthogonatus patagonicus (Simon, 1905) | m f | Chile, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001039]
Tryssothele patagonica Simon, 1905e: 2 (Df).
Tryssothele patagonica Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1962b: 72, pl. IV, f. 2 (f).
Tryssothele patagonica Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 25, f. 4-5 (f).
Tryssothele patagonica Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1970a: 152 (S of Chubutia notata, revalidated by Goloboff, 1995: 113, see Acanthogonatus notatus).
Acanthogonatus patagonicus Goloboff, 1995: 109, f. 98A-D (f, Dm).
Acanthogonatus peniasco Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001040]
Acanthogonatus peniasco Goloboff, 1995: 108, f. 58, 97 (Df).
Acanthogonatus pissii (Simon, 1889) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001041]
Brachythele pissii Simon, 1889a: 221 (Df).
Tryssothele pissii Simon, 1902h: 7 (Df).
Tryssothele latastei Simon, 1902h: 7 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039250].
Tryssothele australis Chamberlin, 1917: 72, pl. 5, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039249].
Aphantopelma venosum Mello-Leitão, 1936d: 119, pl. 12 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039251].
Tryssothele pissii Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 27, f. 18-23 (f, S of Tryssothele australis and T. latastei).
Tryssothele pissii Calderón, 1978: 149, f. 1-5 (Dm).
Tryssothele pissii Legendre & Calderón, 1984: 1049, pl. XV, f. 1-14 (mf).
Acanthogonatus pissii Schaefer & Rudloff, 1995: 59, f. 1-13 (mf).
Acanthogonatus pissii Goloboff, 1995: 90, f. 86A-B, 87 (mf, S of Aphantopelma venosum).
Acanthogonatus quilocura Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001042]
Acanthogonatus quilocura Goloboff, 1995: 86, f. 83A-C (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus recinto Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001043]
Acanthogonatus recinto Goloboff, 1995: 106, f. 57, 96A-F (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus subcalpeianus (Nicolet, 1849) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001044]
Mygale subcalpeiana Nicolet, 1849: 334 (Df).
Stenoterommata guttulatum Simon, 1886h: 573 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039273].
Brachythele subcalpetana Simon, 1889a: 221.
Tryssothele subcalpetana Simon, 1903a: 965.
Tryssothele subcalpetana Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1962b: 72, pl. IV, f. 1 (f).
Tryssothele subcalpetana Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1968: 29, f. 1-3 (f; m f. 9-13 see Acanthogonatus campanae).
Tryssothele subcalpetana Legendre & Calderón, 1984: 1051, pl. XVI, f. 1-4 (f).
Acanthogonatus subcalpeianus Goloboff, 1995: 78, f. 79A-H (f, Dm, S of Stenoterommata guttulatum).
Acanthogonatus tacuariensis (Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982) | m f | Brazil, Uruguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001045]
Pycnothelopsis auripilus Capocasale & Pérez-Miles, 1979: 3, f. 1, 4-6 (f; misidentified per Goloboff, 1995: 88).
Pycnothelopsis tacuariensis Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982: 2, pl. 1; pl. 2, f. 3-6 (Dmf).
Acanthogonatus tacuariensis Raven, 1985a: 101 (T from Pycnothelopsis).
Acanthogonatus tacuariensis Goloboff, 1995: 88, f. 85A-C (mf).
Acanthogonatus tolhuaca Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001046]
Acanthogonatus tolhuaca Goloboff, 1995: 126, f. 56, 112C-D (Df).
Acanthogonatus vilches Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001047]
Acanthogonatus vilches Goloboff, 1995: 123, f. 109A-D (Df).
Gen. Afromygale Zonstein, 2020 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04694] Detail
type Afromygale rukanga Zonstein, 2020; gender feminine
Afromygale pinnipalpis Zonstein, 2020 | m | Tanzania     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:052659]
Afromygale pinnipalpis Zonstein, 2020: 139, f. 12-21 (Dm).
Afromygale rukanga Zonstein, 2020 * | m | Kenya     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:052658]
Afromygale rukanga Zonstein, 2020: 136, f. 2-11 (Dm).
Gen. Chaco Tullgren, 1905 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00109] Detail
type Chaco obscura Tullgren, 1905; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Barychelidae to the Ctenizidae by Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1965a: 377 and to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 103; placed in the Nemesiidae (Pycnothelinae) by Raven, 1985a: 47, but not included in Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; transferred to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; considered a senior synonym of Neostothis Vellard, 1925 by Raven, 1985a: 103, rejected by Goloboff, 1995: 169.
Transferred to other genera:
Chaco gigas (Vellard, 1925) -- see Neostothis
Chaco ansilta Ferretti, 2014 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047401]
Chaco ansilta Ferretti, 2014: 1890, f. 1A-D, 2A-D, 3A-D (Dmf).
Chaco aoni Allegue, Pompozzi & Ferretti, 2024 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:063370]
Chaco aoni Allegue, Pompozzi & Ferretti, 2024: 309, f. 2A-D, 3A-C, 4A-F, 5A-D, 6A-G (Dmf).
Chaco castanea Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2013 | m f | Uruguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046307]
Chaco castanea Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2013: 78, f. 1A-D, 3A-E (Dmf).
Chaco costai Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2013 | m f | Uruguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046308]
Chaco costai Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2013: 81, f. 2A-E, 4A-E (Dmf).
Chaco melloleitaoi (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001099]
Neostothis melloleitaoi Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 127, f. 50-51 (Dm; N.B.: not mentioned by Goloboff, 1995).
Chaco obscura Tullgren, 1905 * | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001100]
Chaco obscura Tullgren, 1905: 7 (Df).
Chaco obscura Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1965a: 377, f. 5-7 (f).
Chaco obscura Raven, 1985a: 103, f. 126-131 (m).
Chaco obscura Goloboff, 1995: 170, f. 38-40, 146A-G, 147A-F (f, Dm).
Chaco patagonica Goloboff, 1995 | f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001101]
Chaco patagonica Goloboff, 1995: 184, f. 37, 156A-G (Df).
Chaco sanjuanina Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001102]
Chaco sanjuanina Goloboff, 1995: 181, f. 154A-G (Dmf).
Chaco socos Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001103]
Chaco socos Goloboff, 1995: 179, f. 136, 153A-E (Dmf).
Chaco tecka Goloboff, 1995 | f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001104]
Chaco tecka Goloboff, 1995: 183, f. 155A-F (Df).
Chaco tigre Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001105]
Chaco tigre Goloboff, 1995: 176, f. 41-42, 135, 149A-F, 150A-F (Dmf).
Chaco tingua Indicatti, Folly-Ramos, Vargas, Lucas & Brescovit, 2015 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047746]
Chaco tingua Indicatti et al., 2015: 132, f. 31-62 (Dmf).
Chaco tucumana Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001106]
Chaco tucumana Goloboff, 1995: 174, f. 148A-E (Dmf).
Chaco tucumana Allegue et al., 2023b: 4, f. 1A-F, 2A-C (f).
Gen. Chilelopsis Goloboff, 1995 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00111] Detail
type Chilelopsis calderoni Goloboff, 1995; gender feminine
N.B.: belongs most likely to the Pycnothelidae per Opatova et al., 2020: 700); transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; considered a senior synonym of Flamencopsis Goloboff, 1995: 138 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00115] (type F. minima Goloboff, 1995) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11.
Chilelopsis calderoni Goloboff, 1995 * | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001107]
Chilelopsis calderoni Goloboff, 1995: 141, f. 22, 24, 26, 43-44, 117, 119A-G, 120A-E (Dmf).
Chilelopsis minima (Goloboff, 1995) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001122]
Flamencopsis minima Goloboff, 1995: 138, f. 10, 25, 29-30, 46, 118A-I (Dmf).
Chilelopsis minima Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 13 (T from Flamencopsis).
Chilelopsis puertoviejo Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001108]
Chilelopsis puertoviejo Goloboff, 1995: 144, f. 11-12, 27-28, 121A-C (Dmf).
Chilelopsis serena Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001109]
Chilelopsis serena Goloboff, 1995: 146, f. 23, 122A-H (Dmf).
Gen. Longistylus Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03764] Detail
type Longistylus ygapema Indicatti & Lucas, 2005; gender masculine
N.B.: removed from the Anaminae (now Anamidae) by Opatova et al., 2020: 700, contra Indicatti & Lucas, 2005: 12; transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11.
Longistylus ygapema Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 * | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:040921]
Longistylus ygapema Indicatti & Lucas, 2005: 12, f. 1-18 (Dm).
Gen. Lycinus Thorell, 1894 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00121] Detail
type Lycinus longipes Thorell, 1894; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; removed from the synonymy of Mygaloides Nicolet, 1849 (regarded as a nomen dubium) by Goloboff, 1995: 148, contra Raven, 1985a: 98; considered a senior synonym of Parachubutia Mello-Leitão, 1940f: 233 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05011] (type P. gajardoi Mello-Leitão, 1940) by Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 55; considered a senior synonym of Levina Zapfe, 1963: 125 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05010] (type L. epipiptusa Zapfe, 1963) by Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1973c: 291; considered a senior synonym of Diplothelopsis Tullgren, 1905: 4 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00113] (type D. ornata Tullgren, 1905) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 12.
In synonymy:
Lycinus canescens (Mello-Leitão, 1939) = Lycinus bonariensis (Mello-Leitão, 1938) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1966a: 387, sub Diplothelopsis).
Lycinus decarloi (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948) = Lycinus ornatus (Tullgren, 1905) (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1966a: 385, sub Diplothelopsis).
Nomina dubia:
Lycinus hastatus (Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 112, f. 25-27, f, Brazil, originally in Diplothelopsis) -- Goloboff, 1995: 164, N.B.: m of Bücherl, 1957 is probably a misidentified Neodiplothele.
Lycinus secundus Mello-Leitão, 1941d: 105, pl. 2, f. 5 (j, Argentina) -- Goloboff, 1995: 149.
Lycinus bonariensis (Mello-Leitão, 1938) | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001117]
Diplothelopsis bonariensis Mello-Leitão, 1938a: 89, f. 1 (Dmf).
Diplothelopsis canescens Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 47, f. 4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041390].
Diplothelopsis bonariensis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1966a: 387, f. 1-4, 9-11, 14-17 (mf, S of Diplothelopsis canescens).
Diplothelopsis bonariensis Goloboff, 1995: 166, f. 13, 45, 132A-B (mf).
Diplothelopsis bonariensis Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 28 (m).
Lycinus bonariensis Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 13 (T from Diplothelopsis).
Lycinus caldera Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001163]
Lycinus caldera Goloboff, 1995: 154, f. 125A-D (Dmf).
Lycinus choros Lucas & Indicatti, 2010 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043514]
Lycinus choros Lucas & Indicatti, 2010: 428, f. 14-19 (Dm).
Lycinus domeyko Goloboff, 1995 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001164]
Lycinus domeyko Goloboff, 1995: 162, f. 130 (Dm).
Lycinus epipiptus (Zapfe, 1963) | m f | Chile, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001165]
Levina epipiptusa Zapfe, 1963: 126, f. 1-4 (Dm).
Lycinus epipiptus Goloboff, 1995: 157, f. 127A-E (removed m from S of L. gajardoi contra Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1973c: 291, Df).
Lycinus epipiptus Ferretti, 2015a: 10, f. 7A-G (m).
Lycinus frayjorge Goloboff, 1995 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001166]
Lycinus frayjorge Goloboff, 1995: 156, f. 126 (Df).
Lycinus gajardoi (Mello-Leitão, 1940) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001167]
Parachubutia gajardoi Mello-Leitão, 1940f: 233 (Dm).
Lycinus gajardoi Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 57, f. 16-19 (m).
Lycinus gajardoi Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1973c: 291 (S, rejected).
Lycinus gajardoi Legendre & Calderón, 1984: 1045, pl. XIII, f. 1-14 (m, Df).
Lycinus gajardoi Goloboff, 1995: 152, f. 7, 16, 21, 124A-E (m, Df).
Lycinus lagigliai Ferretti, 2015 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047743]
Lycinus lagigliai Ferretti, 2015a: 4, f. 2A-G, 3A-D, 5B (Dmf).
Lycinus longipes Thorell, 1894 * | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001168]
Lycinus longipes Thorell, 1894: 37 (Dm).
Lycinus longipes Carbonell, 1923b: 108 (Df).
Lycinus longipes Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942: 321, f. 7-8 (m).
Lycinus longipes Bücherl, 1957: 405, f. 94 (m).
Lycinus longipes Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 56, f. 14-15, 20-22 (m).
Lycinus longipes Legendre & Calderón, 1984: 1048, pl. XIV, f. 1-9 (m).
Mygaloides longipes Raven, 1985a: 98, f. 97-102 (m).
Lycinus longipes Goloboff, 1995: 150, f. 31-32, 123A-F, 134 (m, Df).
Lycinus longipes Ferretti, 2015a: 11, f. 9A-G, 10B (m).
Lycinus nevadoensis Ferretti, 2015 | m | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047744]
Lycinus nevadoensis Ferretti, 2015a: 7, f. 6A-C, 8A-G (Dm).
Lycinus ornatus (Tullgren, 1905) | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001118]
Diplothelopsis ornatus Tullgren, 1905: 5, pl. 1, f. 1 (Df).
Diplothelopsis decarloi Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948: 4, f. 4-7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:041391].
Diplothelopsis decarloi Bücherl, 1957: 387, f. 22 (m).
Diplothelopsis ornata Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1966a: 385, f. 5-8, 12-13 (mf, S of Diplothelopsis decarloi).
Diplothelopsis ornatus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 62, f. 23-25, 27-33 (mf).
Diplothelopsis ornatus Raven, 1985a: 97, f. 92-96.
Diplothelopsis ornata Goloboff, 1995: 164, f. 131A-C (mf).
Diplothelopsis ornata Grismado & Goloboff, 2014c: 113, f. 9 (m).
Lycinus ornatus Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 13 (T from Diplothelopsis).
Lycinus portoseguro Lucas & Indicatti, 2010 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043513]
Lycinus portoseguro Lucas & Indicatti, 2010: 425, f. 1-13 (Dmf).
Lycinus quilicura Goloboff, 1995 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001169]
Lycinus quilicura Goloboff, 1995: 159, f. 128 (Dm).
Lycinus tofo Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001170]
Lycinus tofo Goloboff, 1995: 160, f. 129A-D (Dmf).
Gen. Pionothele Purcell, 1902 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00127] Detail
type Pionothele straminea Purcell, 1902; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 93 and to the Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701.
Transferred to other genera:
Pionothele capensis Zonstein, 2016 -- see Hermacha
Pionothele gobabeb Bond & Lamb, 2019 | m f | Namibia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:051212]
Pionothele gobabeb Bond & Lamb, 2019: 5, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
Pionothele straminea Purcell, 1902 * | m f | South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001243]
Pionothele straminea Purcell, 1902b: 381 (Dm).
Pionothele straminea Tucker, 1917: 117 (Df).
Pionothele straminea Raven, 1985a: 93, f. 73-78 (m).
Pionothele straminea Zonstein, 2016a: 33, f. 1-8 (m).
Gen. Prorachias Mello-Leitão, 1924 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00128] Detail
type Prorachias bristowei Mello-Leitão, 1924; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 110 and to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11.
Prorachias bristowei Mello-Leitão, 1924 * | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001244]
Prorachias bristowei Mello-Leitão, 1924b: 184 (Df).
Prorachias bristowei Raven, 1985a: 110, f. 161-164.
Prorachias bristowei Lucas, Indicatti & Fukami, 2005: 2, f. 1-5, 8-10 (f, Dm).
Gen. Psalistopoides Mello-Leitão, 1934 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03605] Detail
type Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Barychelidae to the Pycnothelidae by Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 240, to the Nemesiidae (Pycnothelinae) by Raven, 1985a; status in Pycnothelinae confirmed by Lucas & Indicatti, 2006: 547, but not included in Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; removed from the synonymy of Pselligmus Simon, 1892 by Lucas & Indicatti, 2006: 547, contra Raven, 1985a: 107; not a junior synonym of Neostothis Vellard, 1925 (Goloboff, 1995: 168, contra Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 127).
Psalistopoides emanueli Lucas & Indicatti, 2006 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039480]
Psalistopoides emanueli Lucas & Indicatti, 2006: 548, f. 4-6 (Dm).
Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 * | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001245]
Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934c: 404, f. 3-4 (Dm).
Psalistopoides fulvimanus Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 240, f. 2 (m).
Pselligmus fulvimanus Raven, 1985a: 107, f. 148-156 (m; N.B.: this name was considered a junior synonym of Neostothis gigas Vellard by Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 127).
Psalistopoides fulvimanus Lucas & Indicatti, 2006: 548, f. 1-3 (m, T from Pselligmus).
Psalistopoides fulvimanus Brescovit et al., 2023a: 802, f. 1A-F, 2A-D (Df).
Gen. Pselligmus Simon, 1892 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00129] Detail
type Pselligmus infaustus Simon, 1892; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 107; placed in Nemesiidae (Pycnothelinae) by Raven, 1985a: 47, but not included in Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; not a senior synonym of Petropolisia Mello-Leitão, 1920 (Goloboff, 1995: 52, contra Raven, 1985a: 107) or Psalistopoides Mello-Leitão, 1934 (Lucas & Indicatti, 2006: 547, contra Raven, 1985a: 107).
Transferred to other genera:
Pselligmus argentinensis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1958 -- see Stenoterommata
Pselligmus aureus (Mello-Leitão, 1920) -- see Rachias
Pselligmus conspersus (Walckenaer, 1837) -- see Rachias
Pselligmus fulvimanus (Mello-Leitão, 1934) -- see Psalistopoides
Pselligmus infaustus Simon, 1892 * | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001246]
Pselligmus infaustus Simon, 1892d: 273 (Df).
Pselligmus infaustus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 60 (Dm).
Pselligmus infaustus Raven, 1985a: 107, f. 142-147.
Gen. Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00131] Detail
type Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Pycnothelidae to Nemesiidae (Pycnothenidae) by Raven, 1985a: 79 and back by revalidation of the family by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; considered a senior synonym of Agersborgia Strand, 1936: 167 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05004] (type Heteromma anomala Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917) (transferred from the Barychelidae to the Pycnothelidae) by Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 241, Agersborgia is a replacement name for Heteromma Mello-Leitão, 1935c: 356 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05009], preoccupied in fossil Araneae by Menge, 1856; considered a senior synonym of Androthelopsis Mello-Leitão, 1934c: 401 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05005] (type A. singularis Mello-Leitão, 1934) (transferred from the Barychelidae to the Pycnothelidae by Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 239) by Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 288, Androthelopsis considered a senior synonym of Pycnothelopsis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942: 319 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05014] (type P. modesta Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) by Raven, 1985a: 101; considered a senior synonym of Neostothis Vellard, 1925: 79 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00126] (type N. gigas Vellard, 1925) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; Neostothis was removed from the synonymy of Chaco Tullgren, 1905 by Goloboff, 1995: 169; considered a senior synonym of Bayana Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014: 1938 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:04216] (type B. labordai Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11.
Transferred to other genera:
Pycnothele piracicabensis (Piza, 1938) -- see Rachias
Pycnothele tacuariensis (Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982) -- see Acanthogonatus
In synonymy:
Pycnothele anomala (Mello-Leitão, 1935) = Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917 (Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 241).
Pycnothele arapongas Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047097]
Pycnothele arapongas Passanha et al., 2014: 237, f. 28-32, 61-63 (Dmf).
Pycnothele araraquara Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047099]
Pycnothele araraquara Passanha et al., 2014: 242, f. 43-46, 68 (Dm).
Pycnothele auripila (Mello-Leitão, 1946) | m f | Uruguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047100]
Psalistops auripilus Mello-Leitão, 1946c: 8, f. 12 (Dm).
Psalistops auripilus Bücherl, 1957: 388, f. 23 (m).
Pycnothelopsis modesta Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1971: 61 (T from Psalistops, S of Psalistops auripilus; rejected by Capocasale & Pérez-Miles, 1979).
Pycnothelopsis auripilus Capocasale & Pérez-Miles, 1979: 3, f. 2 (m, removed from S of Pycnothelopsis modesta; f (f. 1, 4-6) = Acanthogonatus tacuariensis per Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982: 2).
Pycnothelopsis auripilus Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982: 6, pl. 2, f. 2 (m).
Androthelopsis auripilus Raven, 1985a: 100, 102 (removed m from S of Pycnothele auronitens, rejected by Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989).
Pycnothele auronitens Goloboff, 1995: 133, f. 18, 54, 116A (f; misidentified per Passanha et al., 2014: 245).
Pycnothele auripila Passanha et al., 2014: 245, f. 52-55, 71 (m, removed Sm from P. auronitens, contra Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 289 (after Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1983: 2), after Raven, 1985a: 100, 102).
Pycnothele auronitens (Keyserling, 1891) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001248]
Trechona auronitens Keyserling, 1891: 18, pl. 1, f. 3 (Dm).
Crypsidromus auronitens Simon, 1903a: 931.
Metriopelma auronitens Pocock, 1903b: 114.
Pycnothele auronitens Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1970c: 100, f. 1-4 (Tm from Crypsidromus).
Pycnothelopsis auronitens Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1983: 2 (Tm from Pycnothele, rejected by Raven, 1985, S).
Pycnothele auronitens Raven, 1985a: 100 (Tm from Pycnothelopsis).
Pycnothele auronitens Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 289, f. 1-2, 7, 10, 13, 16 (m, S).
Pycnothele auronitens Goloboff, 1995: 133, f. 116B (m; not Df=P. auripila, per Passanha et al., 2014: 245).
Pycnothele auronitens Passanha et al., 2014: 242, f. 47-51, 69-70 (m, Df).
Pycnothele gauderio Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047095]
Pycnothele gauderio Passanha et al., 2014: 233, f. 8-12, 58-59 (Dmf).
Pycnothele gigas (Vellard, 1925) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001242]
Neostothis gigas Vellard, 1925: 79, 82, pl. 15 (Dmf).
Neostothis gigas Goloboff, 1995: 168 (Tmf from Chaco).
Neostothis gigas Lucas et al., 2008: 472, f. 1a-d, 2a-f (mf).
Pycnothele gigas Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 13 (T from Neostothis).
Pycnothele jatai Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047098]
Pycnothele jatai Passanha et al., 2014: 241, f. 38-42, 66-67 (Dmf).
Pycnothele labordai (Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014) | m f | Brazil, Uruguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047183]
Bayana labordai Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014: 1940, f. 1, 2A-D, 3A-C, 4A-B, 5A-B, 6 (Dmf).
Pycnothele labordai Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 14 (T from Bayana).
Pycnothele modesta (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) | m f | Uruguay, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001249]
Pycnothelopsis modestus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942: 320, f. 4-6 (Dm).
Pycnothelopsis modesta Bücherl, 1957: 405, f. 95-95a (m).
Pycnothelopsis modestus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 59, f. 9-13 (m).
Pycnothelopsis modestus Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1982: 6, pl. 2, f. 1 (m).
Androthelopsis modestus Raven, 1985a: 101, f. 113-119 (m).
Pycnothele modesta Goloboff, 1995: 130, f. 17, 53, 114A-D, 115A-I (removed m from S of P. singularis, contra Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 291, Df).
Pycnothele modesta Passanha et al., 2014: 245, f. 72-78 (mf).
Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917 * | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001250]
Pycnothele perditus Chamberlin, 1917: 27, pl. 1, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
Heteromma anomala Mello-Leitão, 1935c: 356, f. 2-4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039411].
Agersborgia anomala Strand, 1936: 167 (generic replacement name).
Agersborgia anomala Bücherl, 1957: 388, f. 24 (m).
Pycnothele perdita Bücherl, 1957: 405, f. 96 (m).
Pycnothele perdita Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1967b: 54, f. 1-8 (mf).
Pycnothele perditum Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 241 (S of Agersborgia anomala).
Pycnothele perdita Raven, 1985a: 100, f. 103-112 (m).
Pycnothele perdita Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 290, f. 3-4, 9, 12, 15, 17 (m).
Pycnothele perdita Passanha et al., 2014: 230, f. 1, 3-7, 13-22, 56-57 (mf).
Pycnothele rubra Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047096]
Pycnothele rubra Passanha et al., 2014: 234, f. 2, 23-27, 60-61 (Dmf).
Pycnothele singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1934) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001252]
Androthelopsis singularis Mello-Leitão, 1934c: 402, f. 1-2 (Dm).
Androthelopsis singularis Lucas & Bücherl, 1973: 238, f. 1 (m).
Pycnothele singularis Pérez-Miles & Capocasale, 1989: 291, f. 5-6, 8, 11, 14, 18 (m, S, rejected).
Pycnothele singularis Passanha et al., 2014: 238, f. 33-37, 64-65 (m, Df).
Gen. Rachias Simon, 1892 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00132] Detail
type Hermacha dispar Simon, 1891; gender masculine
N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 105; placed in the Nemesiidae (Pycnothelinae) by Raven, 1985a: 47, but not included in Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 700, 701 ('likely to be transferred to Pycnothelidae per Goloboff, 1995'); transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11; considered a senior synonym of Parapselligmus Piza, 1939a: 3 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05012] (type P. caudatus Piza, 1939) by Raven, 1985a: 105; considered a senior synonym of Petropolisia Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 59 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05013] (type P. aurea Mello-Leitão, 1920) by Goloboff, 1995: 52 (contra Raven, 1985a).
Transferred to other genera:
Rachias intermedius Soares, 1944 -- see Pycnothele
Rachias lusitanus Franganillo, 1920 -- see Spiroctenus
Rachias plerumque Piza, 1938 -- see Pycnothele
In synonymy:
Rachias intermedius Soares, 1944 = Rachias piracicabensis Piza, 1938 (Lucas, Knysak & Zveibil, 1986: 6).
Rachias aureus (Mello-Leitão, 1920) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001253]
Petropolisia aurea Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 59 (Df).
Petropolisia aurea Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 72, f. 1-3, 24 (f).
Rachias aureus Goloboff, 1995: 52 (Tf from Pselligmus).
Rachias brachythelus (Mello-Leitão, 1937) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001254]
Diplura brachythele Mello-Leitão, 1937a: 4, f. 5-8 (Dm).
Rachias brachythele Raven, 1985a: 75 (Tm from Diplura).
Rachias caudatus (Piza, 1939) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001255]
Parapselligmus caudatus Piza, 1939a: 4, f. 1 (Dm).
Rachias conspersus (Walckenaer, 1837) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001256]
Mygale conspersa Walckenaer, 1837: 219 (Df).
Pselligmus conspersus Raven, 1985a: 108 (Tf from Mygale=Avicularia).
Rachias conspersus Goloboff, 1995: 30 (Tf from Pselligmus).
Rachias dispar (Simon, 1891) * | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001257]
Hermacha dispar Simon, 1891e: 304 (Dmf).
Rachias dispar Simon, 1892a: 114.
Rachias dispar Bücherl, 1957: 383, f. 4-4a (m).
Rachias dispar Raven, 1985a: 105, f. 132-141 (mf).
Rachias dispar Lucas, Knysak & Zveibil, 1986: 5, f. 1-3 (mf).
Rachias dolichosternus (Mello-Leitão, 1938) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001258]
Diplura dolichosterna Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 312, f. 1 (Dm).
Rachias dolichosterna Raven, 1985a: 75 (Tm from Diplura).
Rachias iricolor (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001135]
Hermacha iricolor Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 67 (Df).
Rachias iricolor Indicatti et al., 2017: 451 (T from Hermacha).
Rachias odontochilus Mello-Leitão, 1923 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001259]
Rachias odontochila Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 340 (Dm).
Rachias piracicabensis Piza, 1938 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001251]
Rachias piracicabensis Piza, 1938a: 21 (Df).
Rachias intermedia Soares, 1944a: 160, f. 5-6 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039413].
Rachias intermedius Brignoli, 1983c: 116.
Rachias plerumque Brignoli, 1983c: 116 (lapsus for Rachias piracicabensis).
Androthelopsis intermedius Raven, 1985a: 106 (T from Rachias).
Rachias piracicabensis Lucas, Knysak & Zveibil, 1986: 6, f. 4-6 (mf, S of Rachias intermedius).
Androthelopsis piracicabensis Platnick, 1989b: 84.
Rachias piracicabensis Passanha et al., 2014: 250 (T from Androthelopsis = Pycnothele).
Rachias intermedius Nascimento, Netto & Indicatti, 2021: 3, f. 2A-J (f).
Rachias timbo Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001260]
Rachias timbo Goloboff, 1995: 55, f. 3, 19, 35-36, 64, 65A-H (Dmf).
Rachias virgatus Vellard, 1924 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001261]
Rachias virgatus Vellard, 1924a: 158, pl. 11, f. 41 (Df).
Gen. Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00136] Detail
type Stanwellia decora Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918; gender feminine; syn. of Stanwellia hoggi (Rainbow, 1914)
N.B.: transferred from the Dipluridae to the Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 82 and to the Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; considered a senior synonym of Aparua Todd, 1945: 390 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05006] (type A. bipectinata Todd, 1945) by Main, 1983b: 923.
In synonymy:
Stanwellia arborea (Hogg, 1901, T from Aname) = Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) (Main, 1972: 105).
Stanwellia butleri (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, T from Aname) = Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) (Main, 1972: 105).
Stanwellia confusa (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, T from Aname) = Stanwellia nebulosa (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918) (Main, 1972: 106).
Stanwellia decora (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, T from Aname) = Stanwellia hoggi (Rainbow, 1914) (Main, 1972: 103).
Stanwellia gregori (Hogg, 1901, T from Ixamatus) = Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) (Main, 1972: 105).
Stanwellia major (Hogg, 1901, T from Chenistonia=Aname) = Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) (Main, 1972: 105).
Stanwellia pellucida (Hogg, 1901, T from Aname) = Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) (Main, 1972: 105).
Stanwellia annulipes (C. L. Koch, 1841) | m f | Australia (Tasmania)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000646]
Mygale annulipes C. L. Koch, 1841a: vol. 9: 52, pl. 306, f. 724 (Df).
Arbanitis annulipes Musgrave, 1948: 76 (Tf from Mygale=Avicularia, where "nicht zu deuten!" per Roewer, S of Arbanitis maculipes, rejected by Rix et al., 2017: 629).
Arbanitis annulipes Hickman, 1967: 16, f. 20-21 (Dm).
Arbanitis annulipes Main, 1977a: 72 (S of Arbanitis maculipes confirmed, rejected by Rix et al., 2017: 62).
Arbanitis annulipes Main, 1985a: 32, f. 108-111 (f, S of Arbanitis aculeatus [= Macrothele aculeata]; rejected by Rix et al., 2017: 629).
Euoplos annulipes Raven & Wishart, 2006: 552 (T from Arbanitis).
Stanwellia annulipes Rix et al., 2017a: 629 (T from Euoplos/Idiopidae).
Stanwellia bipectinata (Todd, 1945) | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001309]
Aparua bipectinata Todd, 1945: 390, f. 9, 13, 33, 45, 45a, 58, 65 (Dmf).
Aparua bipectinata Forster, 1968: 127, f. 16, 437, 451-453, 455 (mf).
Stanwellia grisea (Hogg, 1901) | m f | Australia (Victoria)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001310]
Aname grisea Hogg, 1901: 252, f. 30 (Df).
Aname arborea Hogg, 1901: 254, f. 31 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053967].
Aname pellucida Hogg, 1901: 255, f. 32 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053973].
Ixamatus gregorii Hogg, 1901: 258, f. 33 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053971].
Chenistonia major Hogg, 1901: 263, f. 36 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053972].
Aname butleri Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 157, pl. 24, f. 112 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053968].
Chenistonia major Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 159, pl. 17, f. 31, pl. 24, f. 113-114 (Dm).
Stanwellia grisea Main, 1972: 105, f. 11-15 (mf, T from Aname, S of Aname arborea, A. butleri, A. pellucida, Chenistonia major, Ixamatus gregori).
Stanwellia grisea Raven, 1981c: 339, f. 60.
Stanwellia hapua (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001311]
Aparua hapua Forster, 1968: 135, f. 464 (Df).
Stanwellia hoggi (Rainbow, 1914) * | m f | Australia (New South Wales)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001312]
Chenistonia hoggi Rainbow, 1914a: 240, f. 50-51 (Df).
Aname decora Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 149, pl. 23, f. 99-101 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053970].
Stanwellia decora Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 164, pl. 24, f. 118 (Df).
Stanwellia hoggi Main, 1972: 103, f. 8-10 (Dm, f, T from Chenistonia = Aname, S of Aname decora and Stanwellia decora).
Stanwellia hollowayi (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001313]
Aparua hollowayi Forster, 1968: 134, f. 9, 467 (Df).
Stanwellia houhora (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001314]
Aparua houhora Forster, 1968: 135, f. 466 (Df).
Aparua houhora Court, 1982: 360, f. 5 (f).
Stanwellia inornata Main, 1972 | f | Australia (Victoria)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001315]
Stanwellia inornata Main, 1972: 109, f. 31-35 (Df).
Stanwellia kaituna (Forster, 1968) | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001316]
Aparua kaituna Forster, 1968: 129, f. 450, 456-459 (Dmf).
Stanwellia kaituna Paquin, Vink & Dupérré, 2010: 26, f. 4.4 (m).
Stanwellia media (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001317]
Aparua media Forster, 1968: 133, f. 3, 463 (Df).
Stanwellia minor (Kulczyński, 1908) | f | Australia (New South Wales)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001318]
Aname minor Kulczyński, 1908a: 457 (Df).
Stanwellia minor Raven, 1981c: 340 (Tf from Aname).
Stanwellia nebulosa (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918) | m f | Australia (South Australia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001319]
Aname nebulosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 147, pl. 23, f. 95-98 (Dmf).
Aname confusa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 155, pl. 24, f. 110 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053969].
Stanwellia nebulosa Main, 1964: 44, f. A-F (m, T from Aname).
Stanwellia nebulosa Main, 1972: 106, f. 16-22 (mf, S of Aname confusa).
Stanwellia occidentalis Main, 1972 | f | Australia (South Australia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001320]
Stanwellia occidentalis Main, 1972: 108, f. 28-30 (Df).
Stanwellia pexa (Hickman, 1930) | m f | Australia (Tasmania)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001321]
Aname pexa Hickman, 1930: 87, f. 1-6, pl. 19, f. 1-2 (Dmf).
Aname pexa Hickman, 1967: 18, f. 24 (m).
Stanwellia pexa Main, 1972: 108, f. 23-27 (Tmf from Aname).
Stanwellia puna (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001322]
Aparua puna Forster, 1968: 134, f. 465 (Df).
Stanwellia regia (Forster, 1968) | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001323]
Aparua regia Forster, 1968: 136, f. 468-471 (Dmf).
Stanwellia taranga (Forster, 1968) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001324]
Aparua taranga Forster, 1968: 131, f. 454 (Df).
Stanwellia tuna (Forster, 1968) | m | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001325]
Aparua tuna Forster, 1968: 131, f. 460-462 (Dm).
Gen. Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00137] Detail
type Stenoterommata platensis Holmberg, 1881; gender feminine (see note under Calommata)
N.B.: transferred from the Ctenizidae tothe  Nemesiidae by Raven, 1985a: 106 and to the Pycnothelidae by Opatova et al., 2020: 701; considered a senior synonym of Ctenochelus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 61 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05008] (type C. maculatus Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Stenoterommata melloleitaoi Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2004) by Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2004: 256, contra Raven, 1985a: 136; considered a senior synonym of Hermachura Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 70 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00117] (type H. luederwaldti Mello-Leitão, 1923) by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 12.
Transferred to other genera:
Stenoterommata gounellei Simon, 1886 -- see Acanthogonatus
Stenoterommata guttulata Simon, 1886 -- see Acanthogonatus
Stenoterommata segne Simon, 1886 -- see Acanthogonatus
In synonymy:
Stenoterommata argentina (Simon, 1897, T from Tryssothele=Acanthogonatus) = Stenoterommata platensis Holmberg, 1881 (Goloboff, 1995: 59).
Stenoterommata argentinensis (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1958) = Stenoterommata platensis Holmberg, 1881 (Goloboff, 1995: 59).
Homonym replaced:
Stenoterommata maculata (Mello-Leitão, 1923) -- see Stenoterommata melloleitaoi
Stenoterommata arnolisei Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042102]
Stenoterommata arnolisei Indicatti et al., 2008b: 537, f. 27-29, 48-51 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053257]
Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, in Ghirotto, Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2021: 324, f. 1D-E, 10A-D, 11A-J (Dm).
Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053258]
Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, in Ghirotto, Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2021: 328, f. 1F, 13A-D, 14A-J, 15A-D, 16A-B (Dmf).
Stenoterommata crassimana (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001543]
Psalistops crassimanu Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 121 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata crassimana Bertani, Mori & Fukushima, 2017: 240, f. 6-30 (mf, T from Psalistops, Barychelidae).
Stenoterommata crassistyla Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Uruguay, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001326]
Stenoterommata crassistylum Goloboff, 1995: 71, f. 74A-E (Dmf).
Stenoterommata crassistila Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 39-40 (mf, lapsus).
Stenoterommata curiy Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042104]
Stenoterommata curiy Indicatti et al., 2008b: 543, f. 56-58 (Dm).
Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053259]
Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti, in Ghirotto, Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2021: 332, f. H, 18A-D, 19A-J, 20A-D, 21A-B (Dmf).
Stenoterommata grimpa Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042103]
Stenoterommata grimpa Indicatti et al., 2008b: 541, f. 52-55 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata gugai Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049306]
Stenoterommata gugai Indicatti et al., 2017: 442, f. 3-4, 12-16 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata iguazu Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001327]
Stenoterommata iguazu Goloboff, 1995: 62, f. 67A-E (Dmf).
Stenoterommata isa Nicoletta, Panchuk, Peralta-Seen & Ferretti, 2022 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:056840]
Stenoterommata isa Nicoletta et al., 2022c: 3, f. 1A-B, 2A-D, 3A-H, 4A-F (Dmf).
Stenoterommata leporina (Simon, 1891) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001328]
Hermacha leporina Simon, 1891e: 303 (Dm).
Stenoterommata leporina Goloboff, 1995: 29 (Tm from Hermacha).
Stenoterommata leticiae Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049308]
Stenoterommata leticiae Indicatti et al., 2017: 444, f. 5, 44-48 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata luederwaldti (Mello-Leitão, 1923) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001144]
Hermachura luederwaldti Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 70, f. 37-40 (Df).
Hermachura leuderwaldti Raven, 1985a: 108, f. 157-160 (lapsus).
Stenoterommata luederwaldti Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 14 (T from Hermachura).
Stenoterommata maculata (Bertkau, 1880) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001329]
Cyrtauchenius maculatus Bertkau, 1880a: 14, pl. 1, f. 7 (Df).
Stenoterommata maculatum Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 231 (Tf from Bolostromus per Roewer).
Stenoterommata melloleitaoi Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2004 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000469]
Ctenochelus maculatus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 62 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039282].
Stenoterommata melloleitaoi Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2004: 256 (replacement name for Ctenochelus maculatus, T from Bolostromus, preoccupied in Stenoterommata).
Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053256]
Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, in Ghirotto, Guadanucci & Indicatti, 2021: 313, f. 1A-C, 2A-D, 3A-J, 4A-D, 5A-F, 6A-B (Dmf).
Stenoterommata palmar Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Brazil, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001330]
Stenoterommata palmar Goloboff, 1995: 69, f. 73A-F (Dmf).
Stenoterommata palmar Indicatti et al., 2008b: 536, f. 40-47 (mf).
Stenoterommata pavesii Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049305]
Stenoterommata pavesii Indicatti et al., 2017: 437, f. 1-2, 7-11, 17-40 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata peri Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049307]
Stenoterommata peri Indicatti et al., 2017: 444, f. 41-43 (Dm).
Stenoterommata pescador Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049310]
Stenoterommata pescador Indicatti et al., 2017: 450, f. 6, 54-55 (Df).
Stenoterommata platensis Holmberg, 1881 * | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001331]
Stenoterommata platensis Holmberg, 1881a: 126, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata platense Simon, 1892a: 107, f. 108.
Brachythele argentina Simon, 1897e: 4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039280].
Pselligmus argentinensis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1958b: 124, f. 1-4 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039281].
Pselligmus argentinensis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1962b: 72, pl. III, f. 3 (f).
Pselligmus argentinensis Goloboff, 1982a: 76, f. 1, 2 (f).
Stenoterommata argentinense Raven, 1985a: 108 (T from Pselligmus).
Stenoterommata platense Goloboff, 1995: 59, f. 4-6, 66A-F (mf, S of Brachythele argentina and Stenoterommata argentinensis).
Stenoterommata platensis Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 31, 36-38 (mf).
Stenoterommata platense Grismado & Goloboff, 2014c: 113, f. 8 (m).
Stenoterommata quena Goloboff, 1995 | f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001332]
Stenoterommata quena Goloboff, 1995: 65, f. 51, 69-70, 71A-B (Df).
Stenoterommata sevegnaniae Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:049309]
Stenoterommata sevegnaniae Indicatti et al., 2017: 447, f. 49-53, 56-64 (Dmf).
Stenoterommata tenuistyla Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001333]
Stenoterommata tenuistylum Goloboff, 1995: 66, f. 8, 14, 72A-L (Dmf).
Stenoterommata tenuistyla Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 34-35 (mf).
Stenoterommata uruguai Goloboff, 1995 | m f | Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001334]
Stenoterommata uruguai Goloboff, 1995: 64, f. 68 (Df).
Stenoterommata uruguai Ferretti & Pompozzi, 2016: 529, f. 1-10 (Dm, f).
Gen. Xenonemesia Goloboff, 1989 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00147] Detail
type Xenonemesia platensis Goloboff, 1989; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Nemesiidae to the Microstigmatidae by Goloboff, 1995: 5 and to the Pycnothelidae by Montes de Oca et al., 2022: 11.
Xenonemesia araucaria Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:042100]
Xenonemesia araucaria Indicatti et al., 2008b: 531, f. 1-14, 30-34 (Dmf).
Xenonemesia otti Indicatti, Lucas & Brescovit, 2007 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039485]
Xenonemesia otti Indicatti, Lucas & Brescovit, 2007: 44, f. 5-8, 18-28 (Dmf).
Xenonemesia platensis Goloboff, 1989 * | m f | Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:001354]
Xenonemesia platense Goloboff, 1989a: 358, f. 1-14 (Dmf).
Xenonemesia platensis Indicatti, Lucas & Brescovit, 2007: 44, f. 1-4, 9-17 (mf).
Xenonemesia platensis Ferretti et al., 2010: 21, f. 32-33 (m).
Xenonemesia platense Grismado & Goloboff, 2014c: 116, f. 13-15 (mf).
Xenonemesia platensis Nicoletta et al., 2022c: 14, f. 11A-F (f).
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