Taxon details
Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845)
- Rank: Species (Genus type)
- Status: accepted
- Described:
- Last updated: 2024-08-03
- LSID: [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035430]
- Distribution: Canada, USA, Mexico. Introduced to Hawaii, Azores, India (Nicobar Is.)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846, (1638)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1647)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846, (1645)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1648)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846, (1639, 1639a)
- Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1637, 1637a)
- Holotype: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, USA; f of Phidippus bryantae (Kaston, 1945a)
- Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; m (Edwards, 1994)
- Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; m of Salticus variegatus (Edwards, 1994)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1636, 1636a–b)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1643, 1643a)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1646)
- Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1644, 1644e)
Attus audax Hentz, 1845: 199, pl. 17, f. 6-7 (Dm).
Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 129, f. 1189 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061653].
Attus tripunctatus Hentz, 1846: 355, pl. 21, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061676].
Attus fasciolatus Hentz, 1846: 356, pl. 12, f. 11 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061677].
Phidippus variegatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 125, f. 1186 (m).
Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846: 128, f. 1188 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061678].
Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846: 131, f. 1190 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061679].
Phidippus rufimanus C. L. Koch, 1846: 132, f. 1191 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061680].
Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 133, f. 1192 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061681].
Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846: 135, f. 1193 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061682].
Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846: 137, f. 1195-1196 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061683].
Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 141, f. 1199 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061684].
Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846: 142, f. 1200 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061685].
Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846: 144, f. 1201 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061641].
Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 145, f. 1202 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061686].
Attus tripunctatus Peckham & Peckham, 1883: 33, pl. 3, f. 25 (mf).
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1886: 298.
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 11, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf, S of Phidippus lunulatus; misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus rauterbergii Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 22, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035490].
Phidippus mexicanus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 23, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035473].
Philaeus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 26, pl. 3, f. 16 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035455].
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1891: 227, pl. 16, f. 5 (mf).
Megatimus severus Thorell, 1891: 130 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:033126].
Megatimus severus Workman & Workman, 1894: 13, pl. 13 (f).
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 23, pl. 2, f. 4 (f; misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus howardii Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 34, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035463].
Phidippus mexicanus Banks, 1898b: 280 (Df).
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 287.
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 295, pl. 24, f. 6 (f).
Phidippus morsitans Tullgren, 1901a: 25 (misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus howardi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 285, pl. 27, f. 8 (m).
Phidippus mexicanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 286, pl. 27, f. 10 (m).
Dendryphantes morsitans Simon, 1901a: 625 (misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Dendryphantes severus Simon, 1901a: 625.
Dendryphantes variegatus Simon, 1901a: 625.
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1902: 51, f. 136 (mf).
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 389, pl. 29, f. 2 (mf, S of Phidippus concinnatus, P. mundulus, P. purpurifer [rejected by Edwards, 2004: 54, see Phidippus regius], P. rufimanus and P. tripunctatus).
Phidippus variegatus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 390, pl. 29, f. 1 (mf).
Phidippus howardi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 391, pl. 29, f. 3 (m).
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 429, pl. 34, f. 7 (f).
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 430, pl. 30, f. 5 (f).
Phidippus audax Banks, 1910: 63 (S of Attus fasciolatus, Phidippus alchymista, P. dubiosus, P. elegans, P. personatus and P. smaragdifer).
Dendryphantes audax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 622.
Dendryphantes farneus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 629.
Dendryphantes howardi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 632.
Dendryphantes mexicanus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 636.
Dendryphantes rauterbergi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 641.
Phidippus audax Comstock, 1912: 681, f. 753.
Phidippus audax Banks, 1916: 82 (S of Phidippus rauterbergi).
Phidippus audax Bryant, 1940: 502 (S of Phidippus regius; revalidated by Bryant, 1943b: 514).
Phidippus variegatus Bryant, 1942c: 694, f. 15-16 (mf).
Phidippus audax Chickering, 1944: 189, f. 92-96 (mf).
Phidippus variegatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 209, f. 29 (f).
Phidippus bryantae Kaston, 1945a: 12, f. 84-85 (Df).
Phidippus audax Kaston, 1948: 482, f. 1767-1770, 1785-1788, 2072 (mf).
Dendryphantes variegatus Roewer, 1955c: 1205 (S of Attus = Salticus morsitans; rejected by Edwards, 2004: 72 [nomen dubium]).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1971e: 454 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus farneus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus howardi Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus mexicanus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus variegatus Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 49, 84 (mf).
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 52 (f).
Phidippus audax Richman, 1977: 10 (S of Phidippus variegatus).
Phidippus audax Oehler, 1980: 6, f. 17-23 (mf).
Phidippus audax Kim, 1987: 99, f. 4-6 (f).
Phidippus audax Breene et al., 1993: 70, f. 56A-C (mf).
Phidippus audax Maddison, 1996: 332, f. 41, 67, 75 (mf).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2002: 239, f. 77-78 (f).
Phidippus audax Edwards, 2004: 72, f. C32-36, 237-243 (mf, S of Dendryphantes severus, Phidippus electus [removed from S of P. purpuratus, rejecting Roewer, 1955c: 1215], P. farneus, P. howardi, P. mexicanus and P. togatus [removed from S of P. regius, rejecting Roewer, 1955c: 1199]).
Phidippus audax Wunderlich, 2008f: 719, f. 60-62 (mf).
Phidippus audax Maddison et al., 2016: 8, f. 13 (m).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2017b: 94, f. 41O, 42S (mf).
Banks, N. (1898b). Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (3) 1(7): 205-309. -- Show included taxa
Banks, N. (1916). Revision of Cayuga Lake spiders. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 68: 68-84. -- Show included taxa
Banks, N. (1910). Catalogue of Nearctic spiders. Bulletin, United States National Museum 72: 1-80. -- Show included taxa
Breene, R. G., Dean, D. A., Nyffeler, M. & Edwards, G. B. (1993). Biology, Predation Ecology, and Significance of Spiders in Texas Cotton Ecosystems with a Key to Species. Texas Agriculture Experiment Station, College Station, 115 pp. -- Show included taxa
Bryant, E. B. (1942c). Descriptions of certain North American Phidippus. American Midland Naturalist 28: 693-707. -- Show included taxa
Bryant, E. B. (1940). Cuban spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 86: 247-532. -- Show included taxa
Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1944). Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35(9): 1-267. -- Show included taxa
Chickering, A. M. (1944). The Salticidae of Michigan. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 29: 139-222. -- Show included taxa
Comstock, J. H. (1912). The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Garden City, New York, pp. 1-721. -- Show included taxa
Edwards, G. B. (2004). Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: 1-156. -- Show included taxa
Emerton, J. H. (1891). New England spiders of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 220-252, pl. 16-21. -- Show included taxa
Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 -- Show included taxa
Hentz, N. M. (1845). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5(2): 189-202, pl. 16-17. -- Show included taxa
Hentz, N. M. (1846). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5: 352-370, pl. 21-22. -- Show included taxa
Kaston, B. J. (1945a). New spiders in the group Dionycha with notes on other species. American Museum Novitates 1290: 1-25. -- Show included taxa
Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. -- Show included taxa
Kim, J. P. (1987). Notes on the three species of American spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae, Salticidae). Korean Arachnology 3: 97-102. -- Show included taxa
Koch, C. L. (1846). Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, Dreizehnter Band, pp. 1-234, pl. 433-468 (f. 1078-1271); Vierzehnter Band, pp. 1-88, pl. 467-480 (f. 1272-1342). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 -- Show included taxa
Lucas, H. (1833b). Mémoire sur plusieurs Arachnides nouvelles appartenant au genre Atte de M. de Walckenaer. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 2: 476-482, pl. 18. -- Show included taxa
Maddison, W. P. (1996). Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154: 215-368. -- Show included taxa
Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D. R., Zhang, J. X. & Szűts, T. (2016). Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. doi:10.3897/zookeys.549.6171 -- Show included taxa
Oehler, C. M. (1980). Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Cincinnati region of Ohio, including Butler, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties. Ohio Biological Survey Notes 13: 1-36. -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1883). Descriptions of new or little known spiders of the family Attidae from various parts of the United States of North America. Milwaukee, 35 pp., 3 pls. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.136491 -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1886). Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342, tab. 1-4. -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1888). Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 7: 1-104, pl. 1-6. -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1896). Spiders of the family Attidae from Central America and Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 3: 1-101, pl. 1-7. -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1901a). Spiders of the Phidippus group of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 13: 282-358. -- Show included taxa
Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1909). Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 16(1, 5): 355-646, pl. 29-51. -- Show included taxa
Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. -- Show included taxa
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1901a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London, 2, pp. 193-312, pl. 15-30. [for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011] -- Show included taxa
Prószyński, J. (1971e). Catalogue of Salticidae (Aranei) specimens kept in major collections of the world. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 28: 367-519. -- Show included taxa
Prószyński, J. (1976). Studium systematyczno-zoogeograflczne nad rodziną Salticidae (Aranei) Regionów Palearktycznego i Nearktycznego. Wyższa Szkola Pedagogiczna Siedlcach 6: 1-260. [pdf is made from a reprint from 1979] -- Show included taxa
Prószyński, J. (2002). Remarks on Salticidae (Aranei) from Hawaii, with description of Havaika gen.n. Arthropoda Selecta 10: 225-241. -- Show included taxa
Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1 -- Show included taxa
Richman, D. B. (1977). [Review of] Studium systematyczno-zoogeograficzne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei) regionow Palearktycznego i Neartycznego, by J. Prószyński. Peckhamia 1: 9-11. -- Show included taxa
Roewer, C. F. (1955c). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex). Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1751 pp. -- Show included taxa
Simon, E. (1901a). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 381-668. [second pdf with detailed publication dates of the single parts] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973 -- Show included taxa
Thorell, T. (1891). Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24(2): 1-149. -- Show included taxa
Tullgren, A. (1901a). On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr. Einar Lönnberg 1892–93. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27(IV, 1): 1-29, 1 pl. -- Show included taxa
Workman, T. & Workman, M. E. (1894). Malaysian spiders. Belfast, pp. 9-24. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.101972 -- Show included taxa
Wunderlich, J. (2008f). Identification key to the European genera of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 5: 698-719, 868. -- Show included taxa
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GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]
Metzner, H. (2019). Jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) of the world. Online at https://www.jumping-spiders.com.
Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1
Prószyński, J. (2016). Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2015. Part II. Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae). Version October 30th, 2016, online at http://www.salticidae.pl.
Date | Type | Reference | Detail |
---|---|---|---|
2020-02-15 | Species distribution update | n/a (Old value) | |
2020-02-15 | Species distribution update | Wunderlich, 2008f | n/a (Old value) |
2017-09-20 | New taxonomic reference entry | Prószyński, 2017b | n/a |
2016-01-27 | New taxonomic reference entry | Maddison et al., 2016 | n/a |