Taxon details


Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)

  • Rank: Species
  • Status: accepted
  • Described: m f
  • Last updated: 2023-07-05
  • LSID: [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:016190]
  • Distribution: North America, Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to South Africa
Type deposit provide information
  • Holotype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); Aranea linyphiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, 1 f (3251-117)
  • Syntype: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); Aranea theridiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, 1 f (3401-117); 19 f, 12 m (3402-117)
Taxonomic references
Theridion pygmaeum Sundevall, 1831: 14, 1832: 121 (Df).
Micryphantes anthracinus C. L. Koch, 1837b: 11 (D).
Phrurolithus trifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1839a: 116, f. 516 (Df).
Singa trifasciata C. L. Koch, 1844: 151, f. 948 (f).
Singa anthracina C. L. Koch, 1844: 154, f. 950 (Dm).
Epeira nigrifrons Westring, 1851: 36.
Epeira trifasciata Westring, 1851: 59.
Epeira anthracina Blackwall, 1864a: 357, pl. 26, f. 257 (m).
Epeira herii Blackwall, 1864a: 366, pl. 27, f. 264 (misidentified).
Singa heerii Menge, 1866: 84, pl. 13, f. 23A (mf, misidentified).
Singa trifasciata Ohlert, 1867: 26 (Dm).
Singa pygmaea Thorell, 1870a: 26.
Hyposinga pygmaea Ausserer, 1871b: 823.
Singa abbreviata Karsch, 1873: 120, pl. 1, f. 1 (Dj).
Singa pygmaea Simon, 1874a: 128.
Singa aenea Kroneberg, 1875: 5, pl. 1, f. 3 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057889].
Singa maculata Thorell, 1875a: 81 (Dmf).
Singa maculata Thorell, 1875c: 13 (Dmf).
Singa variabilis Emerton, 1884: 322, pl. 34, f. 16, pl. 37, f. 19-21 (Dmf; preoccupied by Keyserling, 1864 in Araneus, see Alpaida variabilis) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057909].
Singa grammica Simon, 1885c: 328 (Df).
Singa pygmaea Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 135, pl. 5, f. 28 (mf).
Microneta distincta Banks, 1892a: 48, pl. 2, f. 53 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057895].
Singa variabilis McCook, 1894: 233, pl. 20, f. 11-13, pl. 19, f. 7 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Becker, 1896: (2): 46, pl. 10, f. 2 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Bösenberg, 1901: 53, pl. 4, f. 46 (mf).
Singa variabilis Emerton, 1902: 187, f. 436 (mf).
Aranea (Singa) theridiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 236, pl. 4, f. 35, pl. 15, f. 400 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057907].
Aranea (Singa) linyphiformis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 237, pl. 15, f. 421 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057900].
Linyphia bicolor Banks, 1906b: 97 (Dmf; preoccupied by Nicolet, 1849, see Sphecozone bicolor).
Singa cubana Banks, 1909b: 162, pl. 45, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057894].
Pronous laevisternis Simon, 1909e: 113 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057899].
Araneus pygmaea Lessert, 1910b: 337.
Linyphia banksi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 246 (replacement name for Linyphia bicolor) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057893].
Araneus varians Petrunkevitch, 1911: 323 (replacement name for Singa variabilis; itself preoccupied by Thorell, 1899 in Araneus, see Neoscona penicillipes).
Microneta distincta Banks, 1916: 77, pl. 10, f. 1 (m).
Singa pygmaea Wiehle, 1931: 47, f. 64-65 (mf).
Singa quadripunctata Kishida, in Yuhara, 1931: 152, f. 77 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:050721].
Singa pygmaea Drensky, 1943: 232, f. 13 (mf).
Singa melania Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947b: 64 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057901].
Singa variabilis Kaston, 1948: 240, f. 760-765 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Locket & Millidge, 1953: 155, f. 102C, 103B, 104B (mf).
Araneus itemvarians Bonnet, 1955: 523 (replacement name for Araneus varians Petrunkevitch, preoccupied) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057898].
Singa pygmaea Yaginuma, 1960: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa pygmaea Yaginuma, 1962c: 32 (S of Singa linyphiformis and S. theridiformis).
Singa pygmea Namkung, 1964: 39, f. 29 (f).
Singa (H.) pygmaea Zamaraev, 1964: 354, f. 34-36 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Yaginuma, 1965b: 363, f. 3.2 (f).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Azheganova, 1968: 87, f. 185-186 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Chu & Okuma, 1970: 70, f. 2A-B (mf).
Singa pygmaea Yaginuma, 1971: 59, f. 57 (f).
Singa pygmaea Miller, 1971: 206, pl. XXXVIII, f. 6-7 (m).
Singa pygmaea Loksa, 1972: 101, f. 92C-D, 94B (mf).
Hypsosinga variabilis Levi, 1972a: 242, f. 44-57 (mf, T from Singa, S of Araneus itemvarians, Linyphia banksi, Microneta distincta, Singa cubana and S. melania).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Bakhvalov, 1974: 109, f. 24, 26, 30 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Palmgren, 1974a: 11, f. 4d-f (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Levi, 1975c: 273, f. 21 (f, S of Hypsosinga variabilis).
Singa pygmaea Yin, 1978: 6, f. 16A-E (mf).
Singa pygmaea Paik & Namkung, 1979: 48, f. 31 (f).
Singa pygmaea Song, 1980: 108, f. 53a-e (mf).
Singa pygmaea Qiu, 1981: 17, f. 8A-D (mf).
Singa pygmaea Wang, 1981: 104, f. 46A-C (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Levy, 1984: 129, f. 57-71 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Hu, 1984: 130, f. 131.1-4 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Roberts, 1985: 218, f. 98c (mf).
Singa pygmaea Guo, 1985: 72, f. 2-25.1-3 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Zhu & Shi, 1985: 87, f. 75a-e (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Yaginuma, 1986a: 107, f. 57.2 (f).
Singa pygmaea Song, 1987: 177, f. 137 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Zhang, 1987: 80, f. 63.1-4 (mf).
Hypsosinga variabilis Crawford, 1988: 9 (S with Hypsosinga pygmaea rejected, rejection not accepted by Platnick).
Singa pygmaea Hu & Wu, 1989: 108, f. 83.1-3 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Marusik, 1989b: 43 (S of Singa aenea).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Feng, 1990: 100, f. 75.1-4 (mf).
Singa pygmaea Chen & Gao, 1990: 71, f. 90a-b (mf).
Singa pygmaea Chen & Zhang, 1991: 108, f. 102.1-5 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 84, f. 190 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Okuma et al., 1993: 25, f. 21A-B (mf).
Singa pygmaea Zhao, 1993: 260, f. 122a-c (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Roberts, 1995: 331, f. (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 611, f. 383a-c (f).
Singa pygmaea Zhao, 1995: 977, f. 461a-c (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Levi, 1995b: 169 (S of Pronous laevisternis).
Hypsosinga pigmaea Mcheidze, 1997: 257, f. 567-569 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Yin et al., 1997d: 309, f. 215a-f (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Roberts, 1998: 343, f. (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 282, f. 170E-F, N, 171B (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Hu, 2001: 460, f. 302.1-3 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 207, f. 124A-D (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Namkung, 2002: 282, f. 19.43a-b (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Levi, 2002: 541, f. 102-103 (f).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Kim & Kim, 2002: 209, f. 48, 130, 245-246 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 47, f. 315-318 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Dondale et al., 2003: 282, f. 649-658 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Namkung, 2003: 284, f. 19.43a-b (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Almquist, 2005: 164, f. 172a-h (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Tanikawa, 2007c: 53, f. 71-72, 475-476 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Tanikawa, 2009: 431, f. 59-60 (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 227, f. 162A-D (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Yin et al., 2012: 692, f. 342a-f (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Kim & Lee, 2012b: 77, f. 56A-C (mf).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Ono & Ogata, 2018: 609 (S of Singa quadripunctata).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e: 21, p. 18: 1 f., p. 21: 7 f. (f).
Hypsosinga pygmaea Morano, 2023: 91, f. 74-76 (mf; figs. misspelled pigmaea).
References

Almquist, S. (2005). Swedish Araneae, part 1 – families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics & Evolution, Supplement 62: 1-284. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Ausserer, A. (1871b). Neue Radspinnen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21: 815-832, pl. 5. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Azheganova, N. S. (1968). Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, 149 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bakhvalov, V. F. (1974). [Identification key of the spider family Araneidae from Kirgizia]. Entomologiceskie issledovanija v Kirgizii 9: 101-112. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1892a). The spider fauna of the Upper Cayuga Lake Basin. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 44: 11-81, pl. 1-5. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1906b). Descriptions of new American spiders. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 7: 94-100. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1909b). Arachnida of Cuba. In: Estación Central Agronómica, second report, 30 June 1905 - 1st January 1909. Part I. English edition. Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio y Trabajo de la Republica de Cuba, pp. 150-174, pl. 45. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1916). Revision of Cayuga Lake spiders. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 68: 68-84. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A. (1995). Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 700 pp., 16 pls. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Becker, L. (1896). Les arachnides de Belgique, deuxième et troisième parties. Annales du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 12(2): 1-127, pl. 1-25 & 12(3): 1-378, pl. 1-18. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.48721 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Blackwall, J. (1864a). A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part II. Ray Society, London, pp. 175-384, pl. 13-29. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.143674 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bonnet, P. (1955). Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse méthodique de toute la littérature aranéologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systématique des araignées (Étude par ordre alphabétique) [1re partie: A-B]. Douladoure, Toulouse, pp. 1-918. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bösenberg, W. (1901). Die Spinnen Deutschlands. I. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(1): 1-96, Pl. 1-8. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6508 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bösenberg, W. & Strand, E. (1906). Japanische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 30: 93-422. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1947b). The spiders of Alaska. Bulletin of the University of Utah 37(10): 1-103. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chen, X. E. & Gao, J. C. (1990). The Sichuan farmland spiders in China. Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, Chengdu, 226 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chen, Z. F. & Zhang, Z. H. (1991). Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, Hangzhou, 356 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chu, Y. I. & Okuma, C. (1970). Preliminary survey on the spider-fauna of the paddy fields in Taiwan. Mushi 44: 65-88. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chyzer, C. & Kulczyński, W. (1891). Araneae Hungariae. Tomus I. Academia Scientarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 170 pp., 4 Pls. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Crawford, R. L. (1988). An annotated checklist of the spiders of Washington. Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 5: 1-48. Link download pdf -- Show included taxa

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H., Lotz, L. N. & Webb, P. (2022e). The Araneidae of South Africa. Version 2: part 2 (E-Ne). South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 64 pp. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6619195 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Dondale, C. D., Redner, J. H., Paquin, P. & Levi, H. W. (2003). The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Drensky, P. (1943). Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. VI. Unterordnung Arachnomorphae, II Gruppe Trionichia, Familie Euetrioidae. Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sophia 16: 219-254. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1884). New England spiders of the family Epeiridae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 295-342. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Feng, Z. Q. (1990). Spiders of China in colour. Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, 256 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Guo, J. F. (ed.) (1985). [Farm spiders from Shaanxi Province]. Shaanxi Science and Technology Press. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. (1991). Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. (1984). The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 482 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. & Wu, W. G. (1989). Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong University Publishing House, Jinan, 435 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. (2001). Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 658 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Karsch, F. (1873). Verzeichniss westfälischer Spinnen (Araneiden). Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 10: 113-160. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kim, J. M. & Kim, J. P. (2002). A revisional study of family Araneidae Dahl, 1912 (Arachnida, Araneae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology 18: 171-266. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kim, S. T. & Lee, S. Y. (2012b). Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Araneid spiders. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21(16): 1-146. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1837b). Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Heft 1. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 39 pp., pl. 1-6. [for the detailled publishing date see Nagel & Grieder, 2019: 47] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1839a). Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Fünfter Band, pp. 125-158, pl. 175-180 (f. 418-431); Sechster Band, pp. 1-156, pl. 181-216 (f. 432-540); Siebenter Band, pp. 1-106, pl. 217-246 (f. 541-584). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1844). Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Elfter Band, pp. 1-174, pl. 361-396 (f. 850-959). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kroneberg, A. (1875). Araneae. In: Fedtschenko, A. P. (ed.) Puteshestvie v Tourkestan. Reisen in Turkestan. Zoologischer Theil. Nachrichten der Gesellschaft der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften zu Moskau 19(3): 1-58, pl. 1-5. [includes 3 maps by Fedtschenko] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Lessert, R. de (1910b). Catalogue des invertebres de la Suisse. Fasc. 3, Araignées. Musée d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 635 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1972a). The orb-weaver genera Singa and Hypsosinga in America (Araneae: Araneidae). Psyche, Cambridge 78(4, 1971): 229-256. doi:10.1155/1971/76327 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1975c). Additional notes on the orb-weaver genera Araneus, Hypsosinga and Singa north of Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Psyche, Cambridge 82(2): 265-274. doi:10.1155/1975/74896 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1995b). Orb-weaving spiders Actinosoma, Spilasma, Micrepeira, Pronous, and four new genera (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154: 153-213. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (2002). Keys to the genera of araneid orbweavers (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Americas. Journal of Arachnology 30(3): 527-562. doi:10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0527:KTTGOA]2.0.CO;2 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levy, G. (1984). The spider genera Singa and Hypsosinga (Araneae, Araneidae) in Israel. Zoologica Scripta 13(2): 121-133. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1984.tb00029.x download pdf -- Show included taxa

Locket, G. H. & Millidge, A. F. (1953). British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Loksa, I. (1972). Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 1-112. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Marusik, Y. M. (1989b). [New data on the fauna and synonymy of the USSR spiders (Arachnida, Aranei)]. In: Lange, A. B. (ed.) Fauna i Ekologiy Paukov i Skorpionov: Arakhnologicheskii Sbornik. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp. 39-52. download pdf -- Show included taxa

McCook, H. C. (1894). American spiders and their spinningwork. A natural history of the orbweaving spiders of the United States with special regard to their industry and habits. Vol. III. Philadelphia, 285 pp., 30 pls. [for the year see p. 9] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2681 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Mcheidze, T. S. (1997). [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi University, 390 pp. (in Georgian). [English version published by Otto (2014) available here] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Menge, A. (1866). Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.) 1: 1-152. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Miller, F. (1971). Pavouci-Araneida. Klíč zvířeny ČSSR 4: 51-306. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Morano, E. (2023). La familia Araneidae Clerck, 1757 (Arachnida: Araneae) en al ámbito ibero-balear. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 42: 67-118. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (1964). Spiders from Chungjoo, Korea. Atypus 33-34: 31-50. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2002). The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp. [2001 in the book, but publ. in 2002 per Platnick] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2003). The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Ohlert, E. (1867). Die Araneiden oder echten Spinnen der Provinz Preussen. Leipzig, pp. 1-172. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Okuma, C., Kamal, N. Q., Hirashima, Y., Alam, M. Z. & Ogata, K. (1993). Illustrated Monograph of the Rice Field Spiders of Bangladesh. Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh). Japan International Cooperation Agency Project Publication, 1, 93 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Ono, H. & Ogata, K. (2018). Spiders of Japan: their natural history and diversity. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 713 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Paik, W. H. & Namkung, J. (1979). [Studies on the rice paddy spiders from Korea]. Seoul National Univ., 101 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Palmgren, P. (1974a). Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. IV. Argiopidae, Tetragnathidae und Mimetidae. Fauna Fennica 24: 1-70. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Paquin, P. & Dupérré, N. (2003). Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Supplement 11: 1-251. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Qiu, Q. H. (1981). [The studies of Shaanxi spiders]. Select. Sci. Treat. Lit. (Biol. Monogr.), Shaanxi Teachers Univ. 1980: 8-20. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1985). The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England, 229 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1995). Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1998). Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1874a). Les arachnides de France. Paris 1, 1-272. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1885c). Études arachnologiques. 16e Mémoire. XXIII. Matériaux pour servir à la faune des arachnides de la Grèce. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 4(4, 1884): 305-356. [published May 13, 1885] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1909e). Etude sur les arachnides du Tonkin (1re partie). Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 42: 69-147. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X. (ed.) (1980). [Farm Spiders]. Science Press, Beijing, 247 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X. (1987). Spiders from agricultural regions of China (Arachnida: Araneae). Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing, 376 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999). The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (2001). The Fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 510 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Sundevall, C. J. (1831). Svenska Spindlarnes Beskrifning. Fortsättning. Separate, published by P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, pp. 1-41. [journal version publ. in 1832, see Blick & Kronestedt, 2000 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Tanikawa, A. (2007c). An identification guide to the Japanese spiders of the families Araneidae, Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae. Arachnological Society of Japan, 121 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Tanikawa, A. (2009). Hersiliidae. Nephilidae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae. In: Ono, H. (ed.) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 149, 403-463. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1870a). Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part I. C. J. Lundström, Uppsala, pp. 1-96. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.69282 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1875a). Diagnoses Aranearum Europaearum aliquot novarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 18: 81-108. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1875c). Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 13(5): 1-204. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Wang, H. Q. (1981). [Protection and utilization of spiders in paddy fields]. Hunan Press of Science and Technology, 188 pp. (reprinted, 1985) download pdf -- Show included taxa

Westring, N. (1851). Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 2: 25-62. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Wiehle, H. (1931). Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. 27. Familie. Araneidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 23: 47-136. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1960). Spiders of Japan in colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 186 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1962c). The spider fauna of Japan. Arachnological Society of East Asia, Osaka, 74 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1965b). [Spiders of paddy fields]. Shokubutsu Boeki 19: 361-368. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1971). Spiders of Japan in colour (enlarged and revised edition). Hoikusha, Osaka (for 1969), 197 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1986a). Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publishing Co., Osaka, 305 pp., 64 pls. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M. (1978). [A study on the general orb-weaver spiders and wolf-spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Lycosidae) from rice fields]. Journal of Hunan Teachers College (nat. Sci. Ed.) 1978(10): 1-21. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M., Wang, J. F., Zhu, M. S., Xie, L. P., Peng, X. J. & Bao, Y. H. (1997d). Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing, 460 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012). Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yuhara, S. (1931). [Study of spiders]. Sogo-kagaku Shuppan-kyokai, Tokyo, 305 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zamaraev, V. N. (1964). Opredelitel vidov paukov semeistva Araneidae. Uchenye Zapiski Kalininskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta 31: 350-368. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhang, W. S. (ed.) (1987). [Farm spiders from Hebei Province]. Hebei University of Science and Technology Press, 299 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhao, J. Z. (1993). Spiders in the cotton fields in China. Wuhan Publishing House, Wuhan, China, 552 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhao, J. Z. (1995). Araneida. In: Natural enemies of cotton pests in China. Wuhan Publishing House, Wuhan, China, pp. 762-1155. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhu, M. S. & Shi, J. G. (1985). [Crop field spiders of Shanxi Province]. Agriculture Planning Committee of Shanxi Province (for 1983), 239 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhu, M. S. & Zhang, B. S. (2011). Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae. Science Press, Beijing, 558 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

External Resource References

* Disclaimer
As External Resources, the World Spider Catalog links here to species pages of other databases. They may contain further information for the given species. The databases, listed as External Resources, however, are not managed by World Spider Catalog and the information given there is not necessarily in agreement with the World Spider Catalog. All responsibility for such data is with the external database.

GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]

Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1

Edit history
Date Type Reference Detail
2023-07-05 New taxonomic reference entry Morano, 2023 n/a
2023-06-13 New taxonomic reference entry Zhao, 1995 n/a
2022-06-08 New taxonomic reference entry Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e n/a
2022-06-08 Species distribution update Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2022e n/a (Old value)
2018-11-28 New taxonomic reference entry Ono & Ogata, 2018 n/a
2018-11-28 Species synonymy Ono & Ogata, 2018 Hypsosinga quadripunctata synonymized with Hypsosinga pygmaea
2015-03-31 New taxonomic reference entry Kim & Lee, 2012b n/a