Taxon details


Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)

  • Rank: Species (Genus type)
  • Status: accepted
  • Described: m f
  • Last updated: 2024-03-06
  • LSID: [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:006870]
  • Distribution: Asia. Introduced to Canada, USA, South America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), South Africa, Seychelles, New Zealand, Hawaii
Type deposit: provide information
Taxonomic references
Theridion pallidum Walckenaer, 1841: 321 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059782].
Theridium tepidariorum C. L. Koch, 1841a: vol. 8: 75, f. 646-648 (Dmf).
Theridion vulgare Hentz, 1850: 271, pl. 9, f. 1 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059784].
Steatoda tepidariorum Thorell, 1856: 108.
Theridion tepidariorum Blackwall, 1864a: 180, pl. 13, f. 114 (mf).
Theridium marmoreum Holmberg, 1876: 14 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059785].
Theridium tepidariorum Emerton, 1876: 129 (S of Theridion vulgare).
Theridion tepidariorum Emerton, 1882: 13, pl. 2, f. 1 (mf).
Theridion tepidatorium Keyserling, 1884a: 9, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf).
Theridium tepidariorum Keyserling, 1884a: 9 (S of Theridium marmoreum).
Theridium varium Urquhart, 1886: 187, pl. 6, f. 3 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059786].
Theridium tepidariorum Urquhart, 1892a: 187 (S of Theridium varium).
Theridion tepidariorum Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 35, pl. 1, f. 38 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Simon, 1894a: 536, f. 545 (m).
Theridion tepidariorum Becker, 1896: (2): 97, pl. 20, f. 3 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Tullgren, 1901a: 5, pl. 1, f. 1 (f).
Theridion tepidariorum Bösenberg, 1902: 96, pl. 8, f. 115 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Emerton, 1902: 111, f. 256-260 (mf).
Steatoda tepidariorum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902a: 382, pl. 36, f. 1-2 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Kulczyński, 1905a: 561, pl. 14, f. 24 (m).
Theridion tepidariorum Engelhardt, 1910: 68, f. 21-23 (f).
Theridion tepidariorum Simon, 1914: 260, 296, f. 518 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Dalmas, 1917a: 356 (S of Theridion sericum; rejected by Hann, 1994: 236, see Steatoda grossa).
Theridion tepidariorum Saitō, 1933b: 42, pl. 2, f. 9.
Theridion tepidariorum Wiehle, 1937: 155, f. 91-94 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Comstock, 1940: 360, f. 342-343 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Nakatsudi, 1942a: 301, f. 30 (m).
Theridion tepidariorum Muma, 1943: 67, pl. XIII, f. 5-6 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 55 (S of Theridion pallidum).
Theridion tepidariorum Denis, 1945a: 111, f. 2, 5 (m).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Archer, 1946: 38 (T from Theridion).
Theridion tepidariorum Kaston, 1948: 103, f. 155-161 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Locket & Millidge, 1953: 63, f. 43D, F (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Levi, 1955a: 32, f. 69-70, 83-84 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Saito, 1959: 72, f. 71a-j (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Abalos & Báez, 1963: 203, f. 16-19, 29-30 (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Lee, 1966: 28, f. 6e-h (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Abalos, 1967: 273, f. 12A (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Levi, 1967c: 178, f. 9-11 (mf).
Theridium tepidariorum Azheganova, 1968: 60, f. 116-117 (mf).
Theridium tepidariorum Tystshenko, 1971: 150, f. 408, 432 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Miller, 1971: 192, pl. XXXIV, f. 22, pl. XXXV, f. 1 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Locket & Łuczak, 1974: 267, f. 1A, 2A, 5 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Locket, Millidge & Merrett, 1974: 52, f. 29A (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Martin, 1974b: 251, f. 1a, pl. I, f. 1, pl. II, f. 4, 6 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Palmgren, 1974b: 31, f. 7.11 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Levi & Randolph, 1975: 36, f. 52, 55 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Chrysanthus, 1975: 45, f. 168 (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Wozny, 1976: 217, f. 5b (f).
Theridion tepidariorum Song, 1980: 138, f. 74a-e (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roth, 1982: 47-9, f. 52, 55 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Heimer, 1982: 41, f. 6 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yin, Wang & Hu, 1983: 34, f. 5B (m).
Theridion tepidariorum Hu, 1984: 173, f. 181.1-2 (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roth, 1985: B43-9, f. 52, 55 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roberts, 1985: 182, f. 81a (mf).
Theridion tepidariorum Guo, 1985: 99, f. 2-43.1-3 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhu & Shi, 1985: 98, f. 84a-d (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yaginuma, 1986a: 33, f. 19.1 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Song, 1987: 119, f. 80 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhang, 1987: 104, f. 84.1-4 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Hu & Wu, 1989: 118, f. 91.1-3 (mf).
Theridium tepidariorum Izmailova, 1989: 96, f. 75 (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Chikuni, 1989b: 30, f. 1 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Feng, 1990: 112, f. 87.1-4 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Chen & Gao, 1990: 90, f. 113a-b (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Chen & Zhang, 1991: 139, f. 131.1-3 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 280, f. 753 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Knoflach, 1991: 61, f. 13, 18-19 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 853, f. 2A-B (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhao, 1993: 203, f. 94a-d (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roth, 1994: 183, f. 55 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Dimitrov, 1994: 77, f. 2, 4 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roberts, 1995: 279, f. (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhao, 1995: 922, f. 433a-d (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Agnarsson, 1996: 52, f. 35A-B (mf).
Theridium tepidariorum Mcheidze, 1997: 193, f. 393-393 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1706, f. 4a-b (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhu, 1998: 105, f. 63A-E (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Roberts, 1998: 293, f. (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 95, f. 12F, 43E-F, K-L (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yoshida, 2000b: 146, f. 28-31 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Hu, 2001: 556, f. 374.1-3 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 95, f. 45A-E (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Namkung, 2002: 82, f. 13.1a-c (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Kim & Cho, 2002: 299, f. 769-774 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yoo & Kim, 2002a: 26, f. 21 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 213, f. 2383-2384 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Namkung, 2003: 84, f. 13.1a-c (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Guryanova, 2003: 5, f. 2 (f).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yoshida, 2003a: 109, f. 274-277, 542, 579 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Knoflach, 2004: 218, f. 60g (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Agnarsson, 2004: 626, f. 10A-F, 11A-F (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Almquist, 2005: 54, f. 81a-i (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Saaristo, 2006: 70, f. 60-63 (mf, T from Achaearanea).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Agnarsson, 2006b: 583, f. 56D (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 366, f. 109 (m).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Yoshida, 2009b: 380, f. 232-233 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Paquin, Vink & Dupérré, 2010: 62, f. 34.11-12 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Saaristo, 2010: 261, f. 37.102-106 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Wunderlich, 2011: 236, f. 98 (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Le Peru, 2011: 434, f. 654 (mf).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 77, f. 41A-E (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011a: 853, f. 140E (m).
Achaearanea tepidariorum Yin et al., 2012: 273, f. 95a-e, 3-13b-c (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Yoshida, 2015: 27, f. 1-4 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Baba & Tanikawa, 2015: 24, 4 f. (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Faúndez & Téllez, 2016: 85, f. 1-5 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Jin, 2018: 27, f. 4-17.A-G, pl. 6 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Yuan, Zhao & Zhang, 2019: 31, f. 26A-C (f) [N.B.: probably misidentified, cf. P. tabulata).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Zhan et al., 2019: 5, f. 1E-J, 4F-H (f).
Steatoda tepidariorum Benavides & Hormiga, 2020: 157, f. 11A (m).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Kim, 2021: 108, f. 46A-I, pl. 22 (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021z: 53, 2 f. (f).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Lapointe & Paquin, 2022: 109, f. 3c-d, 4b, 5b, f, j (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 38, f. 20A-G (mf).
Parasteatoda tepidariorum Zehbi & Yousuf, 2023: 416, f. 5A-C (f).
References

Abalos, J. W. & Báez, E. C. (1963). On spermatic transmission in spiders. Psyche, Cambridge 70(4): 197-207. doi:10.1155/1963/93732 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Abalos, J. W. (1967). La transferencia espermática en las arácnidos. Revistas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2) 9: 251-278. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I. (1996). Íslenskar köngulær. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar 31: 1-175. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I. (2004). Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 447-626. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x download pdf -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I. (2006b). A revision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) and a phylogenetic analysis using worldwide exemplars. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146(4): 453-593. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00213.x download pdf -- Show included taxa

Agnarsson, I., Coddington, J. A. & Knoflach, B. (2007). Morphology and evolution of cobweb spider male genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 35: 334-395. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Almquist, S. (2005). Swedish Araneae, part 1 – families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics & Evolution, Supplement 62: 1-284. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2011a). Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(4): 713-879. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x download pdf -- Show included taxa

Archer, A. F. (1946). The Theridiidae or comb-footed spiders of Alabama. Museum Paper, Alabama Museum of Natural History 22: 1-67. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Azheganova, N. S. (1968). Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, 149 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Baba, Y. G. & Tanikawa, A. (2015). The handbook of spiders. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo, 112 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Becker, L. (1896). Les arachnides de Belgique, deuxième et troisième parties. Annales du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 12(2): 1-127, pl. 1-25 & 12(3): 1-378, pl. 1-18. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.48721 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Benavides, L. R. & Hormiga, G. (2020). A morphological and combined phylogenetic analysis of pirate spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae): evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and character evolution. Invertebrate Systematics 34(2): 144-191. doi:10.1071/IS19032 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Blackwall, J. (1864a). A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part II. Ray Society, London, pp. 175-384, pl. 13-29. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.143674 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bösenberg, W. (1902). Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(2-4): 97-384, pl. 9-36. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6508 download pdf download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1944). Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35(9): 1-267. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chen, X. E. & Gao, J. C. (1990). The Sichuan farmland spiders in China. Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, Chengdu, 226 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chen, Z. F. & Zhang, Z. H. (1991). Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, Hangzhou, 356 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chikuni, Y. (1989b). Pictorial encyclopedia of spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publishing Co., Tokyo, 310 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chrysanthus, P. (1975). Further notes on the spiders of New Guinea II (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 140: 1-50. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chyzer, C. & Kulczyński, W. (1894). Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. Academia Scientarum Hungaricae, Budapest, pp. 1-151, Pl. I-V. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Comstock, J. H. (1940). The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, 727 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Dalmas, R. de (1917a). Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 86: 317-430. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Denis, J. (1945a). Sur quelques Theridion appartenant à la faune de France. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 49(9, 1944): 111-117. N.B.: year corrected from 1944 to 1945 by Canard & Cruveillier, 2016: 43 doi:10.3406/bsef.1944.15782 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Dimitrov, D. (1994). A record of Achaearanea tabulata from the Balkan Peninsula (Araneae: Theridiidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 8: 77-79. doi:10.5431/aramit0816 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., Haddad, C. R., Foord, S. H. & Lotz, L. N. (2021z). The Theridiidae of South Africa. Part 1 A-P. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide, Irene, 69 pp. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7515890 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1882). New England spiders of the family Theridiidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 1-86. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1876). Spiders common to New England and Europe. Psyche 1(21): 129-131. doi:10.1155/1876/32587 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Engelhardt, V. v. (1910). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der weiblichen Copulationsorgane einiger Spinnen. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 96: 32-117. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Faúndez, E. I. & Téllez, F. (2016). New records for Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L. Koch, 1841) (Araneae: Theridiidae) in southern Chile. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia 43(3): 85-87. doi:10.4067/s0718-686x2016000300009 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Feng, Z. Q. (1990). Spiders of China in colour. Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, 256 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Guo, J. F. (ed.) (1985). [Farm spiders from Shaanxi Province]. Shaanxi Science and Technology Press. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Guryanova, V. E. (2003). Materials to the spider fauna of Podolian wood-and-steppe (Ukraine). Vestnik Zoologii 37: 3-11. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Heimer, S. (1982). Interne Arretierungsmechanismen an der Kopulationsorganen männlicher Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae). Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Araneoidea. Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 45: 35-64. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. (1991). Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1850). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 6: 18-35, 271-295. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Holmberg, E. L. (1876). Arácnidos argentinos. Anales de Agricultura de la República Argentina 4: 1-30. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. (1984). The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 482 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. & Wu, W. G. (1989). Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong University Publishing House, Jinan, 435 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hu, J. L. (2001). Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 658 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Izmailova, M. V. (1989). [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk State University Publishing, 184 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Jin, C. (2018). Theridiidae, Ctenidae, Liocranidae. In: Zhang, F. & Xue, X. F. (eds.) Fauna of Tianmu Mountain. Volume II. Arachnida. Araneae Eriophyoidea. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou, pp. 11-33, 79-80, 90-91, pl. 2-7, 17, 19. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Keyserling, E. (1884a). Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg 1, 1-222. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.64832 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kim, J. P. & Cho, J. H. (2002). Spider: Natural Enemy & Resources. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 424 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kim, S. T. (2021). Spiders V. Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae, Amaurobiidae, Eresidae, Zoropsidae, Anyphaenidae. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21(47): 1-230. [first pdf is reduced in size] download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Knoflach, B. (1991). Achaearanea tabulata Levi, eine für Österreich neue Kugelspinne (Arachnida, Aranei: Theridiidae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 78: 59-64. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Knoflach, B. (2004). Diversity in the copulatory behaviour of comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae). In: Thaler, K. (ed.) Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen und anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12: 161-256. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1841a). Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Achter Band, pp. 41-131, pl. 265-288 (f. 621-694); Neunter Band, pp. 1-56, pl. 289-306 (f. 695-726). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kulczyński, W. (1905a). Fragmenta arachnologica. I-IV. Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie 1904: 533-568. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Lapointe, L. & Paquin, P. (2022). La distinction entre Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi 1980) et Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C.L. Koch 1841) (Araneae: Theridiidae). Hutchinsonia 2: 109-113. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Le Peru, B. (2011). The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 2: 1-522. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Lee, C. L. (1966). [Spiders of Formosa (Taiwan)]. Taichung Junior Teachers College Publisher, 84 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1955a). The spider genera Coressa and Achaearanea in America north of Mexico (Araneae, Theridiidae). American Museum Novitates 1718: 1-33. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. (1967c). Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects 9: 175-186. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Levi, H. W. & Randolph, D. E. (1975). A key and checklist of American spiders of the family Theridiidae north of Mexico (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 3: 31-51. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Locket, G. H. & Millidge, A. F. (1953). British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, 449 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Locket, G. H. & Luczak, J. (1974). Achaearanea simulans (Thorell) and its relationship to Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. L. Koch) (Araneae, Theridiidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 44: 267-285. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Locket, G. H., Millidge, A. F. & Merrett, P. (1974). British Spiders, Volume III. Ray Society, London, 315 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Martin, D. (1974b). Morphologie und Biologie der Kugelspinne Achaearanea simulans (Thorell, 1875) (Araneae: Theridiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 50: 251-262. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Mcheidze, T. S. (1997). [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi University, 390 pp. (in Georgian). [English version published by Otto (2014) available here] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Miller, F. (1971). Pavouci-Araneida. Klíč zvířeny ČSSR 4: 51-306. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Muma, M. H. (1943). Common spiders of Maryland. Natural History Society of Maryland, Baltimore, 179 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Nakatsudi, K. (1942a). Arachnida from Izu-Sitito. Journal of Agricultural Science Tokyo Nogyo Daigaku 1(4): 287-328, pl. 11-12. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2002). The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp. [2001 in the book, but publ. in 2002 per Platnick] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Namkung, J. (2003). The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Palmgren, P. (1974b). Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. V. Theridiidae und Nesticidae. Fauna Fennica 26: 1-54. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Paquin, P. & Dupérré, N. (2003). Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Supplement 11: 1-251. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Paquin, P., Vink, C. & Dupérré, N. (2010). Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand, 118 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London 2, 313-424. [for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1985). The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England, 229 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1995). Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roberts, M. J. (1998). Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roth, V. D. (1982). Handbook for spider identification. Published by the author, Portal, Arizona, 128 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roth, V. D. (1985). Spider genera of North America. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roth, V. D. (1994). Spider Genera of North America, with Keys to Families and Genera, and a Guide to Literature, third edition. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, 203 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Saaristo, M. I. (2006). Theridiid or cobweb spiders of the granitic Seychelles islands (Araneae, Theridiidae). Phelsuma 14: 49-89. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Saaristo, M. I. (2010). Araneae. In: Gerlach, J. & Marusik, Y. M. (eds.) Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles islands. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 8-306. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Saitō, S. (1933b). Notes on the spiders from Formosa. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 13(1): 32-60, pl. 3. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Saitō, S. (1959). The Spider Book Illustrated in Colours. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, 194 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1894a). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome premier. Roret, Paris, pp. 489-760. [second pdf with detailed publication dates of the single parts] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1914). Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 1re partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 1-308. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X. (ed.) (1980). [Farm Spiders]. Science Press, Beijing, 247 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X. (1987). Spiders from agricultural regions of China (Arachnida: Araneae). Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing, 376 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Li, S. Q. (1993). Arachnida: Araneae. In: Huang, C. M. (ed.) Animals of Longqi Mountai. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 852-890. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Chen, J. & Zhu, M. S. (1997). Arachnida: Araneae. In: Yang, X. K. (ed.) Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Chongqing Publishing House, 2, pp. 1704-1743. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999). The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (2001). The Fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 510 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1856). Recensio critica aranearum suecicarum quas descripserunt Clerckius, Linnaeus, de Geerus. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis (3) 2(1): 61-176. [the cited page numbers at the single species refer to a separate, which started at p. 1] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Tullgren, A. (1901a). On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr. Einar Lönnberg 1892–93. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27(IV, 1): 1-29, 1 pl. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Tystshenko, V. P. (1971). Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj chasti SSSR. Leningrad, 281 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Urquhart, A. T. (1886). On the spiders of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 18: 184-205. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Urquhart, A. T. (1892a). Catalogue of the described species of New Zealand Araneidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 24: 220-230. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Walckenaer, C. A. (1841). Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Tome deuxième. Roret, Paris, 549 pp., pl. 16-22. [not published in 1837, see pp. 430, 452, 505; plates in second pdf of Walckenaer, 1837] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61095 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Wiehle, H. (1937). Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. 26. Familie. Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 119-222. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Woźny, M. (1976). On some anomalies in spiders. Przegląd Zoologiczny 20: 214-218. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Wunderlich, J. (2011). Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 6: 1-640. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yaginuma, T. (1986a). Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publishing Co., Osaka, 305 pp., 64 pls. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M., Wang, J. F. & Hu, Y. J. (1983). Essential types and the evolution of palpal organ of spiders. Journal of Hunan Teachers College (nat. Sci. Ed.) 1983: 31-46. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012). Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yoo, J. C. & Kim, J. P. (2002a). Studies on basic pattern and evolution of male palpal organ (Arachnida: Araneae). Korean Arachnology 18: 13-31. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2000b). The spider genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 49: 137-153. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2003a). The spider family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Japan. Arachnological Society of Japan, 224 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2009b). Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae. In: Ono, H. (ed.) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 142-147, 356-393, 467-468. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yoshida, H. (2015). Parasteatoda and a new genus Campanicola (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Taiwan. Bulletin of the Yamagata Prefectural Museum 33: 25-38. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Yuan, L., Zhao, L. J. & Zhang, Z. S. (2019). Preliminary study on the spider diversity of the Wanglang National Nature Reserve. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 28(1): 7-36. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2019.01.002 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zehbi, N. & Yousuf, M. (2023). Household spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Kashmir Himalayas with three new records from India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16(3): 413-420. doi:10.1016/j.japb.2023.06.004 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhan, Y., Jiang, H., Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Bai, Z. S., Kuntner, M. & Tu, L. H. (2019). Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction. PLoS One 14(7, e0218486): 1-16 & 12 Supplements. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218486 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhang, W. S. (ed.) (1987). [Farm spiders from Hebei Province]. Hebei University of Science and Technology Press, 299 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhang, F., Peng, J. Y. & Zhang, B. S. (2022). Spiders of Mt. Xiaowutai. Science Press, Beijing, 387 pp. [pdf in three parts] download pdf download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhao, J. Z. (1993). Spiders in the cotton fields in China. Wuhan Publishing House, Wuhan, China, 552 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhao, J. Z. (1995). Araneida. In: Natural enemies of cotton pests in China. Wuhan Publishing House, Wuhan, China, pp. 762-1155. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhu, M. S. & Shi, J. G. (1985). [Crop field spiders of Shanxi Province]. Agriculture Planning Committee of Shanxi Province (for 1983), 239 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhu, M. S. (1998). Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Zhu, M. S. & Zhang, B. S. (2011). Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae. Science Press, Beijing, 558 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

External Resource References

* Disclaimer
As External Resources, the World Spider Catalog links here to species pages of other databases. They may contain further information for the given species. The databases, listed as External Resources, however, are not managed by World Spider Catalog and the information given there is not necessarily in agreement with the World Spider Catalog. All responsibility for such data is with the external database.

GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]

Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1

Edit history
Date Type Reference Detail
2024-03-06 New taxonomic reference entry Zehbi & Yousuf, 2023 n/a
2023-06-13 New taxonomic reference entry Zhao, 1995 n/a
2023-02-10 New taxonomic reference entry Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021z n/a
2023-02-10 Species distribution update Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021z n/a (Old value)
2022-11-16 New taxonomic reference entry Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022 n/a
2022-09-19 New taxonomic reference entry Lapointe & Paquin, 2022 n/a
2022-07-19 New taxonomic reference entry Kim, 2021 n/a
2022-04-14 New taxonomic reference entry Jin, 2018 n/a
2021-12-01 Species distribution update n/a (Old value)
2020-04-03 New taxonomic reference entry Benavides & Hormiga, 2020 n/a
2019-08-19 New taxonomic reference entry Zhan et al., 2019 n/a
2019-05-10 New taxonomic reference entry Yuan, Zhao & Zhang, 2019 n/a
2017-10-27 New taxonomic reference entry Baba & Tanikawa, 2015 n/a
2016-12-31 New taxonomic reference entry Faúndez & Téllez, 2016 n/a
2015-07-13 New taxonomic reference entry Yoshida, 2015 n/a